Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Manufacturing process of hole-making'

This diploma thesis is focused on examining the activities of production planning and examining the efficiency of the selected machine in the selected company. The theoretical part summarizes the most important findings and methods of lean manufacturing and corrective measures to prevent or eliminate downtime. In the analytical part, the selected machine is examined in terms of the production process, then an analysis of the current state and assessment of the collected data is performed. Furthermore, an analysis of the decision-making process in production planning for a selected machine was performed and shortcomings in planning were assessed. The practical part contains suggestions for removing the identified bottlenecks.

Deep hole drilling is one of the most complicated metal cutting processes and one of the most difficult to perform on CNC machine-tools or machining centres under conditions of limited manpower or unmanned operation. This research work investigates aspects of the deep hole drilling process with small diameter twist drills and presents a prototype system for real time process monitoring and adaptive control; two main research objectives are fulfilled in particular : First objective is the experimental investigation of the mechanics of the deep hole drilling process, using twist drills without internal coolant supply, in the range of diarneters Ø 2.4 to Ø4.5 mm and working length up to 40 diameters. The definition of the problems associated with the low strength of these tools and the study of mechanisms of catastrophic failure which manifest themselves well before and along with the classic mechanism of tool wear. The relationships between drilling thrust and torque with the depth of penetration and the various machining conditions are also investigated and the experimental evidence suggests that the process is inherently unstable at depths beyond a few diameters. Second objective is the design and implementation of a system for intelligent CNC deep hole drilling, the main task of which is to ensure integrity of the process and the safety of the tool and the workpiece. This task is achieved by means of interfacing the CNC system of the machine tool to an external computer which performs the following functions: On-line monitoring of the drilling thrust and torque, adaptive control of feed rate, spindle speed and tool penetration (Z-axis), indirect monitoring of tool wear by pattern recognition of variations of the drilling thrust with cumulative cutting time and drilled depth, operation as a data base for tools and workpieces and finally issuing of alarms and diagnostic messages.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a rapid prototyping method in which three-dimensional objects are constructed by sintering thin layers of a variety of powdered materials via laser beam. In SLS, as in most other Rapid Prototyping methods, the produced parts exhibit varying degrees of intrinsic porosity due to the discrete nature of layer-by-layer production. Selective scanning and discrete bonding of individual particles or clusters of particles impart local porosity, which is mostly an undesired trait as the part integrity decreases with increased porosity. However, there are a number of emerging or potential applications as in tissue engineering and composite/functionally graded materials, in which part porosity and its control during production are needed. In this study, the manufacturing capabilities of selective laser sintering are investigated towards producing predesigned porous structures using a polymeric powder. The porous structures are characterized in two main categories: regular porous structures, which involve geometries such as predesigned holes and lattice structures that have orderly porous architecture, and irregular porous structures, which exhibit random pore architecture that is intrinsic in all SLS parts. The limitations of producing regular porous structures are investigated, identified and quantified, based on hole size and dimensional accuracy. An experimental analysis based on design of experiments is employed to investigate the effects of processing parameters on the resulting macroscopic pore properties of irregular porous structures. A mathematical relation is developed to quantify and predict the relations between the SLS process parameters: Laser power, hatching distance, laser scan spacing, and the resulting apparent mass density (as a measure of porosity). The subsequent tests verify accuracy of the developed empirical model.

Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (page 67).<br>The micro-drilling process by robodrills in the production of valves at Waters Corporation is the bottleneck caused by the short drill life. This thesis analyzed the chip formation and removal during the process to improve the tool life. The effects of the tool materials, geometry and peck drilling procedures were investigated. Based on these studies, a new micro drill bit, TYl 30, was selected from the commercial market and the test results for drilling 0.2794 mm holes in the workpiece made of 316-stainless steel showed that it lasted for 120 holes, 5 times longer than the currently used drill bit. An experimental study on various peck drilling procedures demonstrated the advantage of the quadratic pecking procedure, further increasing the tool life by 2 times. Upon the implementation of the new drill bit and the quadratic pecking procedure, the 212-Valve production lead time is estimated to be reduced by 11% and the EDM process will not be starved since the bottleneck process has been improved.<br>by Yan Zhuang.<br>M. Eng. in Manufacturing

In manufacturing, supplier selection is viewed as the foundation of supply chain management, as the choice of the supplier will inherently affect all other aspects of business. This study explores the supplier selection decision-making process within Malaysian manufacturing firms. Previous studies in supplier selection have focused on company performance and quality management. Preceding research in this field, offers evidence that the application of information technology tools, business intelligence tools and artificial intelligence tools can be beneficial to the supplier selection decision-making process. In particular, the study explores the presence and usage of the information technology tools, business intelligence tools and artificial intelligence tools, to support the supplier selection decision making process in Malaysian SME manufacturing companies. Data for this research has been collected from six cases located in Malaysia, and was lead through semi-structured interviews. The findings present online global marketplaces as a supplier sourcing method, unstructured evaluation methods and supplier selection process. Information technology supports the supplier selection process by the usage of mobile applications and online communication tools to increase the speed of information exchange. Business intelligence presents tools developed in Malaysia, in alignment with the needs of Malaysian SME manufacturers. Artificial intelligence tools presented no usage or presence in these cases. Finally, this study uncovers the impact of Malaysian culture on the supplier selection process and their supporting tools. Amongst the contributions are: an understanding of the supplier selection process in the Malaysian SME manufacturing, shedding light on the supplier evaluation process, supplier selection criteria and supplier sourcing methods. Adding a new dimension to the existing body of literature is the use of ICT and BI tools, which support the supplier selection process. The contributions are of benefit to practitioners, as the components of the study sheds light into a non-western context.

Content: Preservation (or) curing is an important unit process for transportation and storage of raw hides/skins without any deterioration. Popular preservation process is mostly achieved by reducing the moisture content of hides/skins using common salt (NaCl). Usage of salt in preservation process leads to generation of large amount of contaminated salt, total dissolved solids (TDS) and consume huge amount of water for subsequent rehydration step. On the other hand, lime-sodium sulphide based reductive process is commonly employed for the removal of hair from hides/skins. This process leads to generation of lime sludge and possible evolution of toxic hydrogen sulphide gas thereby making the working atmosphere more unpleasant. Several alternative techniques for preservation as well as unhairing process have been developed individually to replace salt and sulfide, respectively. However, a single compound performing dual functions such as preservation and unhairing action in neutral pH conditions has not explored so far. In the present work, a novel formulation has been developed, which possess the both preservation and unhairing potential, and applied on the hides/skins for storage up to 6 months at ambient conditions without dehydration. Low level of sulphide was used during alkaline fiber opening for complete removal of hair. The strength and organoleptic properties are on par with salted skins/hides. The developed process completely eliminates the use of salt and 75% sulphide and also reduces the time and water required for soaking process. The developed system reduces 85% of pollution load discharged from soaking and unhairing processes. Take-Away: One pot system for salt free preservation and low sulfide dehairing for sustainable leather manufacture.

This research is concerned with the investment decision making process in small manufacturing enterprises in the printing and clothing industries. The focus is on the actual decision-making behaviour of owner-managers. The study uses' Insider accounts' as a qualitative and innovative methodology, which involves in-depth, semi-structured interviews and direct observation,conducted longitudinally in 8 case study companies. It is a research method which includes detailed accounts from the actors themselves, incorporating the actual motives and behaviour of owner-managers based on the philosophy that the 'objects' studied are in fact 'subjects', who produce accounts of their world. The results of the study suggest that owner-manager use 'bootstrapping' techniques for their investment appraisal instead of formal methods such as those recommended in the financial management literature. Bootstrapping represents an approach to decision making that is grounded in previous experience of key decision-makers and their organisations and the largely informal routines that they develop from this. These techniques include a combination of experience judgement and gut-feeling,budgets and forecasts and the tendering process. The concept of bootstrapping is not simply a way of owner-managers finding a solution to a problem or a sort of 'fire-fighting' it is a concept of actions grounded in experiential leaming. In this sense, bootstrapping is a particular form of learning behaviour. It is essentially a trial and error learning process which brings knowledge, skills, values and attitudes together and provides owner-managers with an opportunity to evaluate outcomes associated with investment based on previous experience. Therefore, the researcher believes that conceptualising small firm investment decision making within the context of an organisational learning approach holds promise as an explanatory framework for investment behaviour in small firms.

This research is carried out by studying a Chinese factory, producing metal spare parts, and its Swedish parent company that produces binding machines. The companies recently merged together after a previous relationship as supplier and customer. To bring the companies closer together an ERP-system was implemented during the research period. The purpose of this study is to answer three research objectives: Explore what outcomes there are when a Swedish company acquires a Chinese factory related to cultural differences affecting the merging process. Investigate conditional barriers for developing the Chinese factory to meet Swedish standards regarding the relation of quality and production. Discover how efficient communication with ERP-system can help with the achievement of meeting Swedish standards for the subsidiary Chinese factory. To answer these questions, interviews with three people in management positions was constructed and carried out. A questionnaire was constructed to get the employees views on changes. Observations was made in the Chinese factory which provided some information useful to answering the research objectives and with these three methods the results could be triangulated. Literature was reviewed with connections to: culture differences, ERP-systems and quality perspective in China to construct the theoretical basis for this research.   The study discovered how culture differences affected important areas such as communication, work implementation and management. The cultural differences also affected the second research question about quality and production. Other aspects as education, quality focus, and involvement from employees were also acting as a barrier for developing quality and production. The implementation of an ERP-system experienced some of the barriers mentioned above as language and culture differences but also providing effective communication. Also other benefits as a clearer view of the organization structure, manufacturing processes and the production flow.  However, the ERP-system implemented also has its flaws since it is not fully adapted to the Chinese market and users’ needs. It is also a reflection on the importance of understanding and adjusting to the Chinese culture.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.02.08 – технология машиностроения. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена решению важной научно-технической задачи повышения производительности и качества обработки отверстий в деталях элементов гидропневмосистем за счет выбора оптимальной структуры и назначения параметров ТП обработки, который осуществляется КОИ. Рассмотрены технологические факторы, влияющие на показатели точности и качества обрабатываемого отверстия. Разработана математическая модель формирования структуры ТП с использованием КОИ и выбора оптимального варианта на основе статистического анализа конструктивно-технологических характеристик заданной номенклатуры отверстий и рекомендаций к конструированию КОИ. Разработана математическая модель, описывающая порядок компоновки ступеней КОИ и принцип их работы в зависимости от концентрации технологических переходов на основе математического аппарата булевой алгебры. Разработана математическая модель для многокритериального выбора рациональных режимов резания, которые позволяют повысить производительность обработки. В результате исследования суммарной осевой силы и суммарного крутящего момента, действующих на КОИ, определенны соотношения диаметров ступеней, которые позволяют уменьшить нагрузку на инструмент и снизить энергозатраты. Предложены рекомендации по уменьшению влияния погрешностей предварительной обработки на точность отверстия за счет разбиения припуска по заданному закону. Теоретически и экспериментально исследована зависимость направления действия неуравновешенной радиальной силы резания на точность обработки отверстий КОИ. Разработана инженерная методика построения рационального технологического процесса обработки заданной номенклатуры отверстий, основанная на предварительном анализе конструктивно-технологических характеристик заданной номенклатуры отверстий и выборе наиболее часто встречающихся путем построения точечных диаграмм. Для повышения эффективности технологического процесса обработки отверстий за счет сокращения номенклатуры применяемых инструментов, а также уменьшения временных и материальных затрат на изготовление комплекта КОИ, разработан модульный КОИ (патент Украины на полезную модель № 49356).<br>Thesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on a specialty 05.02.08 – Manufacturing engineering. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is dedicated to solving the important scientific and technical problem of efficiency and quality increase of hole-making operations in parts of hydropneu-matic systems by choice of optimal manufacturing process structure and its parame-ters which are realized by combined axial tool. Mathematical model of forming manufacturing process structure based on combined axial tool using and optimum alternative choice which is based on statistical analysis of design and technological parameters of given holes range and guidelines for combined axial tool design is developed. Mathematical model describing the order of assembly combined axial tool steps and principle of their operation subject to concentration of manufacturing steps and based on mathematical apparatus of Boolean algebra is developed. Mathematical model of multicriteria choice of rational cutting conditions which allows increasing the machining efficiency is proposed. Based on results of research of total axial force and total torque operating on combined axial tool diameters and lengths ratios of combined axial tool are determined. Recommendations of decreasing of errors influence from preprocess machining on hole accuracy due to decomposition of excess material under the given principle. The dependence of action direction of unbalanced radial cutting force on accuracy of hole-making operations by combined axial tool is investigated theoretically and experimentally.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.02.08 – технологія машинобудування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016. Дисертація присвячена вирішенню важливої науково-технічної задачі підвищення продуктивності та забезпечення якості обробки отворів в деталях елементів гідропневмосистем за рахунок вибору оптимальної структури і призначення параметрів технологічного процесу обробки, що здійснюється КОІ. Розроблено математичну модель формування структури технологічного процесу з використанням КОІ та вибору оптимального варіанта на основі статистичного аналізу конструктивно-технологічних характеристик заданої номенклатури отворів та рекомендацій до конструювання КОІ. Розроблено математичну модель, яка описує порядок компонування ступенів КОІ та принцип їх роботи в залежності від концентрації технологічних переходів на основі математичного апарата булевої алгебри. Розроблено математичну модель для багатокритеріального вибору раціональних режимів різання, яка дозволяє підвищити продуктивність обробки. В результаті дослідження сумарної осьової сили та сумарного крутного моменту, що діють на КОІ, визначені співвідношення діаметрів ступенів, що дозволяють зменшити навантаження на інструмент та знизити енерговитрати. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо зменшення впливу похибок попередньої обробки на точність отвору за рахунок розбиття припуску за заданим законом. Теоретично та експериментально досліджена залежність напрямку дії неврівноваженої радіальної сили різання на точність обробки отворів КОІ.<br>Thesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on a specialty 05.02.08 – Manufacturing engineering. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is dedicated to solving the important scientific and technical problem of efficiency and quality increase of hole-making operations in parts of hydropneu-matic systems by choice of optimal manufacturing process structure and its parame-ters which are realized by combined axial tool. Mathematical model of forming manufacturing process structure based on combined axial tool using and optimum alternative choice which is based on statistical analysis of design and technological parameters of given holes range and guidelines for combined axial tool design is developed. Mathematical model describing the order of assembly combined axial tool steps and principle of their operation subject to concentration of manufacturing steps and based on mathematical apparatus of Boolean algebra is developed. Mathematical model of multicriteria choice of rational cutting conditions which allows increasing the machining efficiency is proposed. Based on results of research of total axial force and total torque operating on combined axial tool diameters and lengths ratios of combined axial tool are determined. Recommendations of decreasing of errors influence from preprocess machining on hole accuracy due to decomposition of excess material under the given principle. The dependence of action direction of unbalanced radial cutting force on accuracy of hole-making operations by combined axial tool is investigated theoretically and experimentally.

Orientador: João Maurício Rosário<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T09:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pacifico_DouglasSozzi_M.pdf: 4000960 bytes, checksum: 072558107a877761c6e2de97a3ee0100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Os projetos de engenharia são até hoje amplamente baseados em processos empíricos, em metodologias ad hoc e em métodos iterativos. A experiência de quem os executa tem grande influência nos resultados obtidos por conta da falta de critérios científicos para a análise e tomada de decisões ao longo do desenvolvimento de um produto ou de um processo. As conseqüências mais comuns são os problemas de qualidade e confiabilidade, os atrasos na execução e a extrapolação dos custos previstos. Atualmente existem poucas metodologias científicas com abordagem global de um projeto, dentre elas podemos considerar o Projeto Axiomático. Desenvolvida ao longo das últimas décadas pelo Prof. Nam Pyo Suh, ela propõe dois axiomas básicos para nortear a análise e tomada de decisões em projetos de qualquer ordem, os quais são então desdobrados em teoremas e corolários específicos. Embora não possa ser demonstrada ou comprovada enquanto axioma, a metodologia tem sido constantemente validada por sua utilização bem-sucedida em diferentes especialidades técnicas, da manufatura ao desenvolvimento de produtos, da organização de empresas à tecnologia da informação. Apesar da clareza de sua proposição e da existência de modelos matemáticos para seu uso, o Projeto Axiomático não é de simples e direta aplicação às diferentes especialidades técnicas a que se propõe. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como proposta desenvolver uma metodologia pragmática e acessível para a aplicação integral do Projeto Axiomático à tomada de decisões em projetos de dispositivos de manufatura. A metodologia desenvolvida é então validada e demonstrada através da aplicação da mesma em um caso fabril real de uma indústria de autopeças de grande porte<br>Abstract: Engineering design is till present times widely based on empiric processes, ad hoc methodologies and iterative methods. The experience of those who perform the task is of great influence on the outcome due to the lack of scientific criteria for both analysis and decision making along the development of a product or a process. The common consequences are quality and reliability problems, execution delays and cost overrun. Currently there are only a few scientific design methodologies with a holistic approach, Axiomatic Design among them. Developed during the last decades by Prof. Nam Pyo Suh, it proposes two basic axioms to guide the analysis and decision-making for projects of any kind, both being then unfolded in theorems and corollaries. Although not able of being neither demonstrated nor proved as axiom, the methodology has been constantly validated through its successful utilization on different technical fields, from manufacturing to product design, from organizational structures to information technology. In spite of the clearness of its proposition and the existence of mathematical models for its usage, the Axiomatic Design is not of simple and direct application to the different technical fields it is suitable for. This master's degree dissertation has the purpose of developing a pragmatic and accessible methodology for the complete application of the Axiomatic Design to the decision making regarding the design of devices. The proposed methodology is then validated and demonstrated through its application to a real industrial process in a large size multinational automotive industry<br>Mestrado<br>Projetos<br>Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

Ce travail de thèse vise à proposer une méthodologie d’évaluation de la capacité à innover et à exporter des PME manufacturières et de procédés. Cette méthodologie est basée sur l’identification et la caractérisation d’un espace commun innovation/export représentant les activités, ressources, compétences qu’une PME doit mobiliser en priorité pour améliorer de façon simultanée ses performances concernant l’innovation et l’export, tout en réduisant l’effort associé à cette montée en performance. Ce travail contribue à la recherche scientifique à travers différents aspects. Tout d’abord, la relation innovation/export en PME, traditionnellement pensée de façon causaliste, a été envisagée à travers le prisme du paradigme de la complexité. Cette contribution théorique a permis d’aboutir à l’identification d’un espace commun conceptuel innovation/export. Puis, cet espace commun a été caractérisé à travers l’identification d’activités conjointes. L’identification de ces activités conjointes est un apport à la fois théorique et managérial car en améliorant une de ces activités, les entreprises actionnent un seul levier qui se répercute simultanément en matière d’innovation et d’export. Dans le contexte des PME, pour qui le manque de ressources est une difficulté capitale, cela prend tout son sens. Enfin, une méthodologie d’évaluation de la capacité à innover et à exporter basée sur cet espace commun a été conçue de façon à proposer un outil multicritères d’aide à la décision dédié aux PME. Cet outil a finalement été testé auprès de PME manufacturières et de procédés de la région Lorraine<br>This research work aims to suggest a methodology for analyzing the innovation and export capabilities of SMEs working in the manufacturing and process sectors. This methodology is based on the identification and the characterization of a conceptual innovation/export common space representing the activities, the resources, the skills that a SME has to mobilize first and foremost in order to improve in a simultaneous way its performances concerning innovation and export. Working on the activities included in the common space allows the reduction of the effort associated with this performance improvement. This work contributes to the scientific research through various aspects. First of all, the innovation / export relationship in SMEs, traditionally thought in a causal way, was envisaged through the prism of the complexity paradigm. This theoretical contribution allowed the identification of an innovation/export common space. Then, this common space was characterized through the identification of joint activities. The identification of these joint activities is both a theoretical and managerial contribution because by improving one of these activities, companies activate a single lever which echoes simultaneously on innovation and export capabilities. In the context of SMEs, for whom the lack of resources is a major difficulty, it makes perfect sense. Finally, an evaluation methodology of the innovation and export capabilities based on this common space was designed so as to propose a multicriteria decision-making tool dedicated to SMEs. This tool was finally tested within manufacturing and process SMEs of the Lorraine region

L’analyse de la réception critique des nouvelles formes d’art apparaissant dès la fin des années 1950 et se développant au cours des années 1960, en particulier dans le champ de la sculpture et des œuvres en trois dimensions, constitue le socle de notre réflexion. Celle-ci vise à mettre en lumière les profondes évolutions que connaissent les processus de conception et de production des œuvres en trois dimensions, chez des artistes que la réception critique « à chaud » puis l’histoire de l’art ont séparés en fonction de critères stylistiques : néo-dada, pop, minimal… L’observation de ces déplacements de la pratique, intégrant des matériaux et des modes de production industriels (ou résistant à ces derniers) offre une autre approche des enjeux de l’art de cette période, qui voit s’éloigner la figure archétypale et héroïque du sculpteur moderniste incarnée par David Smith, et s’élaborer la figure nouvelle de l’artiste « post-studio ». Parallèlement, apparaissent de nouveaux soutiens, institutionnels, financiers et surtout techniques, pour les artistes produisant des œuvres en trois dimensions et délégant tout ou partie de la fabrication à des sociétés industrielles. Un nouveau type d’entreprise voit le jour, spécialisé dans la fabrication d’œuvres en trois dimensions et de sculptures monumentales. Au début des années 1970, les nouveaux modes de fabrication expérimentés durant la décennie précédente sont parfaitement intégrés à l’économie générale de l’art. En proposer une forme d’archéologie afin d’en comprendre les motivations initiales vise à mieux penser les enjeux actuels des pratiques artistiques ayant recours à la fabrication déléguée<br>The analysis of the critical reception of the new forms of art appearing from the end of the 1950s and developing during the 1960s, especially in the field of sculpture and tridimensional works, constitutes the foundation of our thought. It aims at bringing to light the profound shifts in the conception and production processes of the works in three dimensions, made by artists separated by the critical reception then the art history according to stylistic criteria : Neo-Dada, Pop, Minimal, and so on. To observe these displacements of the art practice, integrating industrials materials and means of production (or resisting them) offers another approach of the art stakes in this period, which sees the archetypal and heroic figure of the modernist sculptor (embodied by David Smith) fading, and elaborating the new figure of the post-studio artist. At the same time, new supports (institutional, financial and especially technical) appear for the artists producing works in three dimensions and delegating all or any of the manufacturing to industrial companies. A new type of company, specialized in the manufacturing of works in three dimensions and monumental sculptures, is born. In the early 1970s, the new means of manufacturing experienced during the previous decade are perfectly integrated into the general economy of art. To propose a kind of archeology of these means in order to understand the initial motivations aims at a better thinking of the current stakes in the artistic practices turning to delegated manufacturing processes

Capes<br>No contexto atual do setor industrial onde a competitividade é cada vez maior, reduzir as incertezas presentes durante o desenvolvimento de novos produtos se torna essencial. Para isso podem ser utilizados os modelos de referência do PDP (Processo de Desenvolvimento do Produto), os quais visam uma melhoria de projeto, facilitando seu desenvolvimento e reduzindo as incertezas. Alguns segmentos industriais exigem grandes investimentos iniciais para a produção do produto, podendo-se destacar o de injeção polimérica. Neste processo há uma aquisição inicial do molde de injeção, o qual é responsável por grande parcela dos custos finais do produto, sendo este indispensável à realização da etapa. Visto isso, a utilização de ferramentas que propiciem uma redução de incertezas torna-se de grande valia. Uma destas ferramentas é o software CAM, que rotineiramente é utilizado nas fases do projeto detalhado e preparação da produção. Utilizá-lo de maneira não tradicional, em auxílio a estimativa de custos, já nas fases iniciais do PDP pode trazer algumas vantagens ao desenvolvimento do projeto. Com isso busca-se identificar a contribuição do software CAM como ferramenta de auxílio na estimativa de custos para tomada de decisão na fase inicial do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos poliméricos injetados. Para a realização do trabalho, buscou-se avaliar as fases iniciais dos modelos de referência do PDP a fim de identificar as atividades dadas como essenciais ao processo. Com a identificação das fases, foram correlacionadas quais funcionalidades do software CAM auxiliam na realização das atividades na fase inicial do PDP. Com isso propôs-se uma metodologia para estimar os custos de fabricação do molde de injeção para a fase inicial do PDP. Realizou-se então um estudo de caso, variando-se o design do produto, no qual buscou-se identificar a contribuição do software CAM na estimativa dos custos de fabricação. Após a realização do estudo de caso, percebe-se que a ferramenta CAM pode auxiliar na fase inicial do projeto, pois a mesma favorece a seleção do design do produto a ser fabricado, visto que pode-se através do software CAM estimar os tempos e as ferramentas de usinagem necessárias à fabricação do molde de injeção. Nota-se ainda que esta ferramenta favorece a definição do portfólio de produtos através da estimativa dos custos para fabricação do molde.<br>In the current context of the industrial sector where competitiveness is increasing, reducing the uncertainties present during the development of new products becomes essential. For this reference model of the PDP, which aim to improve the design, facilitating their development and reducing uncertainty can be used. Some industries require large initial investment for the production of the product and may highlight the polymer injection. In this process, there is an initial purchase of injection mold, which is responsible for a large portion of the final cost of the product, which is essential to carry out the step. Seen that the use of tools that may reduce the uncertainties become very valuable. One of these tools is the CAM software, which is routinely used in the stages of detailed design and production preparation. Use it for non-traditional way, aid in the cost estimate, since in the early stages of the PDP can bring some advantages to the project development. Thus, we seek to identify the contribution of CAM software tool to aid in estimating costs for decision-making early in the development process injected polymer products. To conduct the study sought to evaluate the early stages of the reference models of the PDP in order to identify activities as essential given the process. With the identification of the phases of CAM, software features, which assist in performing the activities in the initial phase of the PDP, were correlated. With this proposed a methodology for estimating the costs of manufacturing injection mold for the initial phase of the PDP. Then performed a case study, varying the design of the product, in which we attempted to identify the contribution of CAM software in estimates of manufacturing costs. After the completion of the case study, it can be seen that the CAM tool can assist in the initial design stage, because it favors the selection of the design of the product being manufactured, as it can be through the CAM software to estimate the times and machining tools needed to manufacture the injection mold. Note also that this tool favors the definition of the product portfolio by estimating costs for mold manufacturing.

Apesar da significativa representatividade do setor da construção civil na economia, o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados pelo setor ainda é um desafio na maioria dos municípios brasileiros. Os resíduos da construção civil (RCC) são gerados nas atividades relacionadas à construção, comércio e indústria de materiais da construção civil. Estes resíduos quando não recebem tratamento e destinação adequados além de causarem impactos ambientais, afetam direta ou indiretamente a saúde, segurança e o bem estar da população, interferindo nas atividades sociais e econômicas e na qualidade dos recursos ambientais. Neste contexto, a logística reversa é vista como alternativa para gestão adequada dos resíduos, quando bem planejada e executada. A logística reversa está prevista na Lei no 12.305/2010, que trata sobre a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). No entanto, a implantação da logística reversa ainda é um desafio para alguns setores devido às dificuldades inerentes a este sistema e a falta de informações quanto à operacionalização e regulamentação. Tendo em vista esta dificuldade, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de aplicação dos preceitos da logística reversa ao setor da construção civil na cidade de Curitiba e propor um modelo conceitual, destacando as responsabilidades dos principais participantes da cadeia produtiva da construção civil. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, profissionais da construção civil foram selecionados para responder, com auxílio da técnica Delphi, um questionário, elaborado com base na revisão da literatura, a fim de selecionar critérios relevantes para compor o sistema de logística reversa no setor da construção civil. Na primeira rodada Delphi os profissionais opinaram sobre a relevância dos critérios escolhidos para compor o sistema de logística reversa e na segunda rodada foi realizada a análise multicritério com auxílio do Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) a fim de ponderar e hierarquizar os critérios selecionados. Os resultados foram analisados na ferramenta BPMS AHP Excel e exportados por meio de gráficos. Nesta etapa da pesquisa foi demonstrado que a aplicação do questionário Delphi em conjunto com o AHP auxilia a tomada de decisão dos agentes da cadeia produtiva da construção civil. Os resultados apontam a importância da relação colaborativa entre clientes e fornecedores na devolução materiais e as possíveis barreiras que podem dificultar a operacionalização do sistema de logística reversa no setor da construção civil como a falta de apoio do governo, conscientização da população e baixo incentivo para reutilização de RCC. Na etapa da idealização e elaboração do modelo conceitual, com o auxílio da ferramenta Free Mind, foi possível destacar o potencial de aplicação dos preceitos da logística reversa entre os principais agentes da cadeia produtiva da construção civil em Curitiba. O modelo proposto auxilia na compreensão do fluxo de materiais no sistema de logística reversa e as responsabilidades de cada prestador de serviço, na execução das atividades relacionadas à construção civil, incluindo o gerenciamento dos RCC, além do cumprimento da PNRS e minimização dos impactos ambientais.<br>Despite the significant representativeness of the construction sector in the economy, the management of solid waste generated by the sector is still a challenge in most Brazilian municipalities. Construction and Demoliton Waste (CDW) is generated in activities related to the construction, trade and construction materials industry. The CDW when not properly treated and destined besides causing environmental impacts can affect directly or indirectly the health, safety and welfare of the population, interfering in social and economic activities and the quality of environmental resources. In this context, reverse logistics is seen as one of the alternatives for proper waste management, when well planned and executed. Reverse logistics is provided for in Law 12.305/2010, which deals with the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW). However, the implementation of reverse logistics is still a challenge for some sectors due to the difficulties inherent in this system and the lack of information regarding operationalization and regulation. In view of this difficulty, this paper aims to evaluate the potential of applying the reverse logistics precepts to the civil construction sector in the city of Curitiba and to propose a conceptual model, highlighting the responsibilities of the main participants in the civil construction production chain. In the first stage of the research, professionals of construction industry were selected to answer, with the help of the Delphi technique, a questionnaire elaborated based on the literature review, in order to select relevant criteria to compose a reverse logistics system to the civil construction sector. In the first round of Delphi, the participants decided on the relevance of the criteria chosen to compose the reverse logistics system and in the second round a multicriteria analysis was carried out with the aid of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to weight and hierarchize the criteria selected. The results were analyzed in the BPMS AHP Excel tool and exported through graphs. In this stage of the research it was demonstrated that the application of Delphi questionnaire in conjunction with the AHP helps the decision making of the agents of the civil construction productive chain. The results point out the importance of the collaborative relationship between customers and suppliers in the return of materials and possible barriers that may hinder the operation of the reverse logistics system in the construction sector, such as a lack of government support, population awareness and a low incentive to CDW reuse. In the stage of idealization and elaboration of the conceptual model, with Free Mind tool, it was possible to highlight the potential of applying the reverse logistics precepts among the main agents of the civil construction production chain in Curitiba. The proposed model assists in understanding the flow of materials in the reverse logistics system and the responsibilities of each service provider in the execution of activities related to civil construction, including the management of CDW, besides compliance with NPSW and minimization of environmental impacts.

La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

碩士<br>明新科技大學<br>機械工程系精密機電工程碩士在職專班<br>104<br>Abstract This paper studies for inkjet head hole yielding process improvement, the content of studyis including 3 parts (1) Influence of raw material size for alumina powder (2) pressure and time effects of Holes injection process finished (3) Influence of temperature of alumina powder to hole forming time，this paper hopes the above obtained experimental results from data analysis to find ways to improve yields and production methods. By the results obtained in this study were as follows:(1) Influence of raw material size for alumina powder: Through experiments, it is found that comprehensive blasting machine using alumina powder with #180 as the optimum size。When sprayed directly in automatic sandblasting machine wear, #400 aluminum oxide powder is used as the best(2) pressure and time effects of Holes injection process finished: Learned to consider production efficiency through experiments, each inkjet heads spraying time to less than 13 seconds, and，Therefore, through the study of blast pressure got, Comco pressures yield production of inkjet head holes in 40psi State is to meet the requirements (3) Influence of temperature of alumina powder to hole forming time: New sand, a reclaimed sand in sand temperature between 40 and 120℃ on spray time required not to change clearly。Through the above process，It can be enhanced the good efficient of inkjet head yielding process and it can be increased 4 times production of inkjet head under the same operating time. Keywords：Alumina powder，Wafer，Injecting time、Injecting pressure

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>商學研究所<br>89<br>The purpose of the study is to develop a DMSS (Decision-Making Support System) for a semiconductor manufacturing process. The system provides simulation engine to foundries those want to implement APC (Automatic Process Control). Including the forecasting model library, the system can predict and set up the manufacturing recipe for different situations of the manufacturing process. Verification of the system with the data from one of the major foundry in Taiwan, it shows that the quality control method for single product、single machine is not appropriate to use for multi-product multi-machine. The result from the simulation indicates that the system improves the yield rate、enhances the CPK value and indirectly reduces the cost of time 、material and man power . In the mean time, it also increases the capacity of the foundry.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>製造科技研究所<br>102<br>The first object the article to verify the laser beam shaper as the flat Gaussian distribution to improve the quality of the loss of ignition of the ceramic green body, line loss of ignition situation fairly uniform changed from the jagged edges of almost a straight line, measured by optical microscopy and surface roughness proven to enhance the ceramic green loss of ignition embryo quality. The acceleration and deceleration zone laser can cause excessive powder eruption, the chip is read using Microchip''s motor biaxial Encoder signals and output voltage based on the current motor speed modulation power, to establish the relationship between motor speed and voltage, the actual scan loss of ignition at trial film, it is clear that acceleration and deceleration zone modulated laser energy was the case after loss of ignition constant region roughly the same. The second purpose of this process for material improvements to increase the water resistance and shock resistance, no damage to the rapid completion of the clear material way after overlay was found that no surface cracking because PMMA is a thermosetting resin, after the continuous oven heating, followed by sonication in water for the experiment, will not dissolve, the material needs to achieve rapid clearance.

碩士<br>元智大學<br>機械工程學系<br>105<br>Nowadays, printed circuit board (PCB) becomes more and more important, because the 3C products are omnipresent in our lives. Almost all electronic devices require PCB support, so the PCB is a big component in the global electronics market. In other words, the demand for PCB is increasing, so the company needs to speed up their production line. The defects (hole voids) happened during printed circuits boards manufacturing process, in particular the plating through the holes (PTH) process, and it made the production line slow down. Although there are many ways to check the defects quickly, the cost of these methods is too high. This thesis introduces a way to predict the hole voids based on the phase space reconstruction (PSR), and convolutional neural network (CNN). There are 11 kinds of parameters as the input of the method. First, we normalized each parameter. Second, the standard deviation is used to find the reasonable boundary of concentration, and take the value which out of the boundary as the new value. Third, we use PSR method to build the new value for each parameter. Forth, we take several CNN models to do the weighted vote in ensemble method to make the result much better. After testing, we established the model sensitivity is more than 80%, and accuracy rate is close to 90%. The results demonstrate that the approach has desirable predict to the hole voids to happen or not.

Improvement of manufacturing productivity is dependent on the successful automation of manufacturing processes, the success of which is based in turn upon the availability of information which describes the state of manufacturing operations. Acoustic Emission (AE) signals related to the cutting process and tool wear have been recently applied to monitor manufacturing processes, and various AE parameters can be used to provide process information. For example, when cutting tools become worn, AE energy generated at the interface of tool flank and work piece increases. This study is thus an experimental investigation of the AE spectrums representing AE signals energy distribution to determine the possibility of extracting useful parameters to provide on-line information about drilled-hole quality and drill-bit wear. An experiment conducted using a radial-arm drilling machine was employed to collect on-line AE drilling process spectrums, yielding eight indicator parameters. Drill wear states were measured using a machine vision system. Assessment of the drilled hole quality was based on tolerances established in Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Correlations among drill wear, drilled-hole quality measurements, and the AE spectrum indicator parameters were examined by regression analysis. A forward-stepwise variable selection procedure was used to select the best-fit regression model for each drilled hole quality measurement associated with the set of one AE parameter raised to different powers. According to quality measurements, drilled holes were categorized as either "acceptable" or "unacceptable" holes, using cluster analysis with a group-averaging method. The usage of AE parameters to decide to which group a drilled hole belonged was also examined. From the experimental evidence, it was observed that there are strong relationships between AE parameters and drill-wear state and the quality measurements of drilled holes. AE parameters could be useful predictor variables to provide information to controller/operators to evaluate current drilling processes. Based on the status information of drill wear and the quality measurements, drilling processes can be adjusted accordingly.<br>Graduation date: 1997

碩士<br>元智大學<br>工業工程與管理學系<br>99<br>In the past decades, TFT-LCD manufacturing is one of the most important high-tech industries in Taiwan. To increase competitiveness, every individual corporation strives to promote its market share and total profit. Using high quality equipment for the TFT-LCD manufacturing process is crucial in achieving this goal, since good equipment will ensure efficiency and reliability of the production process. The wet process in TFT-LCD manufacturing is an important stage that determines product quality. Selection of wet process equipment is essential, since the equipment is costly, subject to long-term use, and an imperative part of the production line. In this research, we study a wet process equipment purchase decision problem for a major LCD manufacturing company in Taiwan, and employ fuzzy multi-attribute decision making method to solve the problem. The decision process integrates two methods: fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy TOPSIS, where FAHP is applied to determine the relative weights between essential attributes in purchasing equipments, and fuzzy TOPSIS is employed to evaluate each candidate’s equipment performance. In the study, the information obtained from five department managers, 30 senior engineers, and relevant articles are used to establish a two-level attribute hierarchical structure. Three sample suppliers were selected for the case study. Supplier candidate 1 is a Korean company, candidate 2 is a Japanese company, and candidate 3 is a Taiwanese company. The hierarchical structure has five major attributes (consideration factors): quality, cost, service, techniques, and safety; each major attribute comprises three to four sub-attributes. Each department manager will respectively determine his own weights for major attributes and sub-attributes, and evaluate the performance of each candidate supplier. The factory director is requested to assign his weighted values on the five managers’ opinions. As a consequence, each candidate supplier will receive a fuzzy score for his overall equipment performance evaluation. Five defuzzification methods are used to rank three candidates. Four of the methods conclude the same rank, and one method can only conclude rank 1 candidate, but is inconclusive in ranking the remaining two candidates.

博士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系<br>96<br>Yeast strains isolated from soil (Yc), pineapple (Ypa), grape peels (Yg) and liquor rice dregs collected from three wine making factories (Yr, Yp and Yk) were used as tester microbes. The purpose of the first part of this investigation was to screen for the most suitable yeast strains for making sugarcane wine. The results obtained from the compared fermentation rate, ethanol contents and ethanol tolerance all showed that strains Yr2, Yp4 and Yk2 were among the tested isolates scored the highest. Upon ethanol treatment, the survival cell counts of these 3 selected strains all decreased with the increase of ethanol concentration applied. However, in general, they could tolerate ethanol up to 12%. Using pure sugarcane juice of 24 °Brix as cultural substrate, the average ethanol contents reached peak high about 12.34% at 7 days after inoculation of these three tester strains. The yield and quality of the wine obtained suggested clearly the value of the three strains worth to be recommended for attempted sugarcane wine manufacturing. The morphological and physiological characteristics including asexual proliferation, mycelium growth, sexual reproduction, cultural characteristics, and further the confirmation by the sequence of the D1-D2 domains of the 26S rDNA gene all indicated that the three tester strains were members of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the second part of this study, response surface methodology was applied to explore the combined effects of cultural conditions such as sugar content, incubation temperature and medium pH on the sensory quality and ethanol contents of sugarcane wine (SCW) obtained. The results from contour plots showed that the maximum ethanol contents around 11% was obtained from the treatment with the initial sugar content at 25.0 oBrix, incubation temperature at 26.3℃ and pH at 5.5. The results of consumer tests showed that a better color acceptance of the SCW produced with initial sugar content equal to or lower than 24 oBrix was from those incubated at a higher temperature. While the applied sugar content exceeded 24 oBrix, the lower temperature appeared to be favorable for better aroma, flavor and overall preference. Statistical analysis with the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) showed that the total soluble solids of SCW produced was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the applied sugar content, pH and incubation temperature. The applied sugar content and incubation temperature appeared to affect significantly (p<0.05) the ethanol contents and aroma of SCW. Whereas the applied pH significantly (p<0.05) affected the flavor and overall preference. The overall performance regarding to the results of total soluble solids, ethanol contents, consumer preferences and the confirmative experiments all indicated that the applied sugar content at 24-26oBrix, pH at 5.5 and incubation temperature at 24-27℃ were the optimal cultural condition for SCW manufacturing. In the third part of the works, a quantitative descriptive analysis of the SCW produced by use of the tested S. cerevisiae (Yr2) strain was carried out by a panel of 8 well-trained panelists. The data obtained was used to investigate the effects of process parameters on the sensory characteristics and to analyze the correlation among the sensory properties evaluated. The increase of applied sugar content was found to be stimulatory in regarding to the aroma, alcoholic flavor, sweetness flavor and aftertaste, and decreased acidity and astringency. The applied pH appeared to affect significantly (p<0.05) the yellowness, lightness, sugarcane aroma, sweetness and acidity of SCW. Whereas the applied incubation temperature significantly (p<0.05) affected the sugarcane aroma, sweetness, acidity and sweet aftertaste of SCW. The last part of this study was aimed to examine the growth curve of yeasts, the changes of sugar contents, the yield of ethanol, organic acids and volatile compounds, and the changes of pH, acidity and color in SCW during fermentation by using tested S. cerevisiae strain. According to the results, the maximal population of S. cerevisiae reached to 8.12 log cfu/ml at the sixth day of fermentation. The maximum ethanol contents at 15.16% was obtained at the ninth day while sucrose and glucose contents of the cultural broth were almost exhausted. Citric acid was found to be the most abundant organic acids detected at the second day of fermentation, next to that was in the order lactic and succinic acids. The analysis of volatile compounds by SPME/GC-MS indicated that the concentration of alcohols, esters and acids all reached the highest level among the broth cultures at the sixth day of fermentation. The highest esters/alcohols in the wine and the most abundant amount of aroma-related compounds detected indicated that the attempted SCW fermentation by use of the tested S. cerevisiae strain is better off at the sixth day when the highest aroma quality is a primed target. The overall preference of consumer test also supports this view where that the SCWs at day six consistently showed the highest scores.

碩士<br>元智大學<br>機械工程學系<br>104<br>This study is originated due to the defects happening in printed circuit board manufacturing process. The study investigated the relationship between concentration of chemical and wall holes when the concentration is especially abnormal from the average. In this study a wall hole forecasting system is developed by combining time-delay and feedforward neural networks. In order to optimize the system, the method to decide numbers of hidden layers and hidden nodes in neural network has been investigated via two parameters of correlation coefficient and root mean square error. After optimization, the correlation coefficient compared between result nonlinear mapped by neural network and real data raised from 0.3 to 0.63. The system enables to predict the possibility for the wall hole happening in the next 3 days. In offline testing, the accuracy between real and predicted result is 0.96 for day one.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>工程管理碩士在職專班<br>103<br>Steel industry is one of the important foundation industries, it also significantly affect Taiwan's economic. In this case study, the steel company has four blast furnaces, each furnace shuts down every four months for regularly repair. Therefore, shortening the blow-in preparation time can save costs and increase productivity. This study that based on lean management principle uses value stream map and 5S method to remove the waste of the blast furnace blow-in preparation process from Iron-making manufacturing. Comparing the current-state value stream map with future-state value stream map shows the lead time is shorten from 92.3 minutes to 65.6 minutes, and the manpower is saved from 12 persons to 6 persons. After implement Seiri and Seiton, people put the mark on the stuff for name, limit of inventory and location. Thus, operator can easily find tools and work faster. Doing Seisou and Seiketsu keeps work site clean and clear. People can work in a comfortable condition and feel respected. In conclusion, this study tries to prove that lean management principle can also be used in steel industry which is a large-volume and small-variety production to shorten the blast furnace blow-in preparation time. If top management determine to introduce lean management principle into company and make a successful case to be a model, lean thinking can be spread in the others field. Therefore, the waste will be eliminated and the competitive power will be enhanced.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>商學研究所<br>91<br>Abstract Matrix organization has many advantages and is widely adopted by businesses. However, it has disadvantages such as confusions in decision-making process, power struggle and causing individual stresses. This study investigates the relations between authority and responsibility, and its cause factors, with a purpose to clarify the confusion between authority and responsibility in decision-making among multi-functions in matrix organizations. The main achievements of this study are: 1. Segregated the relation of authority and responsibility in decision-making process and summed up the standard issues in cross-functional conflicts of organizational decision-making in electronic components manufacturing industry. 2. Concluded 4 different decision process models as well as their cause factors at decision selection stage. They are (1) simple loop type decision model, (2) coupled loop type decision model, (3) feedback loop type decision model, and (4) compound loop type decision model. Theoretical contributions of this study: 1. Using Hunt’s task analysis strategy, this study analyzed 78 organizational decision processes, and re-examined the general models of the structure of unstructured decision processes that Mintzberg concluded after studying 25 cases in decision development. 2. Different from Mintzberg’s inferring several decision process models based on findings at the decision development stage, this study brings about 4 decision process models from findings at the decision selection stage. 3. Mintzberg’s emphasis is on the analysis of elements constituting a decision process at the decision stage. Whereas, this study puts emphasis on the analysis of authorities and responsibilities of each decision role at different decision process models. Practical contributions of this study: The management matrix structure of authority and responsibility that this study defined can be applied to solve or decrease cross-functional conflicts in multi-functional structure caused by growth, expansion and mergers and acquisitions of corporations.

Market economic values have for the last decades been given an increasing role with the establishment of financial institutes and global organisations with a capitalistic focus as a consequence. As a counter reaction, the concept of sustainable development has emerged complementing the economic focus with environmental and social aspects. However, there are still challenges on how to make balanced decisions based on all three view points and consequently the decision makers still primarily reside to the established tangible financial data. Within the industrial setting there is no difference. The manufacturing system design is based on multiple criteria and requirements, but commonly the final investment decision is primarily based on what can be financially justified. Longterm solutions probably lies in combining the tangible economy with the less tangible soft values that cannot be valued in monetary means. Therefore, to find this sweet spot, the purpose of this research is to in-depth investigate the world of economy, but from an engineers' point of view. A financial analysis is done to understand the economical components and how these are related to the manufacturing system. Furthermore, to connect cost with contributed value of the manufacturing system, a holistic business value chain analysis is done to ensure that less tangible aspects can be understood and utilised. The result of this research, highlights for example that sales volume has a larger impact on the manufacturing profitability, than that of the initial investment cost. Therefore, manufacturing systems should also be evaluated on the bases of how well it can meet the volatility in market demands. Another result presented is a portfolio of new graphical representation used as a support tool for investment decisions. Furthermore, to be able to invest in manufacturing systems that contribute to a more competitive company, the wider business value with manufacturing is discussed.

碩士<br>正修科技大學<br>機電工程研究所<br>99<br>Titanium alloy is widely used on aero component. Among the Titanium Alloy, Ti-6Al-4V has the features of high melting point, high strength, high/low temperature resistance, and good weldability; thus, it takes the majority of machining. Engine bracket which is the connector of engine and body is forged into semi- finished products by Ti-6Al-4V, and is formed via the processes of turning, milling, and drilling. Nevertheless, Ti-6Al-4V is not an easy-machining material, and complex shape of the engine bracket makes machining more difficult. During the machining process, C datum hole of critical engine bracket size is deformed frequently; thus, the process capability is not good enough. In this thesis, the major research is to control quality and enhance process capability by analyzing the causes of C datum hole deformation. The findings show that the causes of C datum hole are abnormal clapping, inadequate concentration of cutting oil, and insufficient personnel training. The results indicate that process capability is improved after revising SOP and personnel training.