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Journal articles on the topic 'Manufacturing of Metals'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Wadley, H. N. G. "Cellular Metals Manufacturing." Advanced Engineering Materials 4, no. 10 (October 14, 2002): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(20021014)4:10<726::aid-adem726>3.0.co;2-y.

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2

Herzog, Dirk, Vanessa Seyda, Eric Wycisk, and Claus Emmelmann. "Additive manufacturing of metals." Acta Materialia 117 (September 2016): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019.

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3

Tesfaye, Fiseha, Naiyang Ma, and Mingming Zhang. "Cleaner Manufacturing of Critical Metals." JOM 72, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03976-w.

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4

Kumar, Sanjay, and Sisa Pityana. "Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of Metals." Advanced Materials Research 227 (April 2011): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.227.92.

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For making metallic products through Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, laser-based systems play very significant roles. Laser-based processes such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) are dominating processes while Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) has also been used. The paper will highlight key issues without going into details and try to present comparative pictures of the aforementioned processes. The issues included are machine, materials, applications, comparison, various possibilities and future works.

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Oh, Ji-Won, Jinsu Park, and Hanshin Choi. "Multi-step Metals Additive Manufacturing Technologies." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2020.27.3.256.

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6

Jadhav, Nisha Ramesh. "Metallic Additive Manufacturing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40188.

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Abstract: As metallic additive manufacturing grew in many areas, many users have requested greater control over the systems, namely the ability to change the process parameters. The goal of this paper is to review the effects of major process parameters on the quality such as porosity, residual stress, and composition changes and materials properties like microstructure and microsegregation. In this article, we give an overview over the different kinds of metals specially steels in additive manufacturing processes and present their microstructures, their mechanical and corrosion properties, and their heat treatments and their application. Our aim is to detect the microstructures as well as the mechanical and electrochemical properties of metals specially the steels. Steels are subjected during additive manufacturing processing to time-temperature profiles which are very different from the conventional process. We do not describe in detail the additive manufacturing process parameters required to achieve dense parts. We discuss the impact of process parameters on the microstructure, where necessary.

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7

SAIDA, Kazuyoshi. "Crystalline Control in Additive Manufacturing of Metals." Journal of Smart Processing 6, no. 3 (2017): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.6.115.

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8

Suter, M., E. Weingärtner, and K. Wegener. "MHD printhead for additive manufacturing of metals." Procedia CIRP 2 (2012): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2012.05.049.

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9

Furumoto, Tatsuaki. "Special Issue on Additive Manufacturing with Metals." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 3 (May 5, 2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0329.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) with metals is currently one of the most promising techniques for 3D-printed structures, as it has tremendous potential to produce complex, lightweight, and functionally-optimized parts. The medical, aerospace, and automotive industries are some of the many expected to reap particular benefits from the ability to produce high-quality models with reduced manufacturing costs and lead times. The main advantages of AM with metals are the flexibility of the process and the wide variety of metal materials that are available. Various materials, including steel, titanium, aluminum alloys, and nickel-based alloys, can be employed to produce end products. The objective of this special issue is to collect recent research works focusing on AM with metals. This issue includes 5 papers covering the following topics: ===danraku===- Powder bed fusion (PBF) ===danraku===- Directed energy deposition (DED) ===danraku===- Wire and arc-based AM (WAAM) ===danraku===- Binder jetting (BJT) ===danraku===- Fused deposition modeling (FDM) This issue is expected to help readers understand recent developments in AM, leading to further research. We deeply appreciate the contributions of all authors and thank the reviewers for their incisive efforts.

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Lee, Kee-Ahn, Jae-Sung Oh, Young-Min Kong, and Byoung-Kee Kim. "Manufacturing And High Temperature Oxidation Properties Of Electro-Sprayed Fe-24.5% Cr-5%Al Powder Porous Metal." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0091.

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Abstract Fe-Cr-Al based Powder porous metals were manufactured using a new electro-spray process, and the microstructures and high-temperature oxidation properties were examined. The porous materials were obtained at different sintering temperatures (1350°C, 1400°C, 1450°C, and 1500°)C and with different pore sizes (500 μm, 450 μm, and 200 μm). High-temperature oxidation experiments (TGA, Thermal Gravimetry Analysis) were conducted for 24 hours at 1000°C in a 79% N2+ 21% O2, 100 mL/min. atmosphere. The Fe-Cr-Al powder porous metals manufactured through the electro-spray process showed more-excellent oxidation resistance as sintering temperature and pore size increased. In addition, the fact that the densities and surface areas of the abovementioned powder porous metals had the largest effects on the metal’s oxidation properties could be identified.

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11

Gupta, Manoj. "Special Issue: 3D Printing of Metals." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122563.

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12

Lowe, Terry C. "Outlook for Manufacturing Materials by Severe Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.355.

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Six years have passed since the international workshop “Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation” held 2-8 August 1999 in Moscow, Russia. This workshop focused on severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing to produce bulk nanostructured metals and alloys. Since 1999 the field has expanded from 200 to over 2000 publications that have addressed the microstructures and properties that can be produced by a growing number of SPD techniques. In view of this expansion, the outlook for ongoing development of severely deformed materials is updated. Special attention is given to factors influencing the manufacturing and commercialization of SPD-processed metals, including barriers to their widespread application. Recommendations are made for future SPD research that will facilitate more rapid commercialization of SPD-processed metals and enhance the competitiveness of SPD processing with respect to alternative technologies for producing bulk nanostructured metals.

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Dobrzański, L. A., L. B. Dobrzański, and A. D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Manufacturing technologies thick-layer coatings on various substrates and manufacturing gradient materials using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 99 (March 1, 2020): 14–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1598.

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Purpose: The paper is a comprehensive review of the literature on manufacturing technologies thick-layer coatings on various substrates and manufacturing gradient materials using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: Extensive literature studies on manufacturing technologies thick-layer coatings on various substrates and manufacturing gradient materials using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics have been carried out. The paper is illustrated with examples of various structure images obtained as part of research of engineering materials made by authors with powders. By using knowledge engineering methods, development perspectives of individual technologies were indicated. Findings: The manufacturing technologies thick-layer coatings on various substrates and manufacturing gradient materials using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics as the advanced digital production (ADP) technologies are proves the highest possible potential and relatively good attractiveness, as well as their fully exploited attractiveness or substantial development opportunities in this respect. Originality/value: According to augmented holistic Industry 4.0 model, many materials processing technologies and among them manufacturing technologies thick-layer coatings on various substrates and manufacturing gradient materials using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics are becoming very important among product manufacturing technologies. They are an essential part of powder engineering.

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14

Singamneni, Sarat, Nicholas McKenna, Olaf Diegel, Darius Singh, and A. Roy Choudhury. "Rapid Manufacture in Light Metals Processing." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.387.

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As several of the free form fabrication processes progress with continuous process and material improvements, the feasibility of Rapid Manufacturing becomes more and more of a reality. Defined as the use of a Computer Aided Design (CAD) based automated additive manufacturing process to construct parts that are used directly as finished products and components, some of the rapid manufacturing processes are already competing with traditional processes such as injection moulding and progress is being made in applying the new technologies to the processing of metals, envisioning additive manufacture of high strength parts of unlimited complexity. While there have been quite a few successful attempts in the rapid production of complex medical implants using titanium alloys, 3D printing of sand moulds opens up yet another rapid manufacturing front, allowing for the rapid casting of aluminium and magnesium alloys. The effectiveness of such processes is yet to be researched in terms of process and product characteristics and the overall economy. This paper attempts to review some of the promising rapid manufacturing technologies for light metals processing and presents results of experimental investigations conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid casting process currently researched at the Rapid Product Development Centre of AUT University.

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15

Mutchler, Eric. "Trends Watch: Metal Additive Manufacturing." AM&P Technical Articles 177, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2019-05.p028.

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Abstract Metal 3D printing is expanding manufacturing possibilities by enabling new designs and improved outcomes. This article discusses some recent advances in processes and in metals suitable for additive manufacturing.

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16

Tan, Koon Tatt. "Review on Manufacturing of Metal Foams." ASM Science Journal 16 (July 26, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.794.

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Metal foams possess excellent physical and mechanical properties. This paper reviews the common manufacturing process of metal foams. Various ways used to produce metal foams based on metal properties are described. The manufacturing process follows four primary routes: liquid state, solid state, ion or vapour processing. Liquid-state processing produces porosity to liquid or semi-liquid metals, and solid-state foaming produces metal foams with metal powder as starting material. For ion and vapour processing methods, metals are electro-deposited onto a polymer precursor. The polymer precursor is removed by chemical or heat treatment to produce metal foams. The advantages and limitations of each manufacturing process are also described.

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17

Murr, Lawrence E., and Shujun Li. "Electron-beam additive manufacturing of high-temperature metals." MRS Bulletin 41, no. 10 (October 2016): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.210.

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18

KYOGOKU, Hideki. "Progress in Laser Additive Manufacturing Technology of Metals." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 83, no. 4 (2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.83.250.

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19

Song, Tingting, Xuezhe Zhang, Haozhang Zhong, Milan Brandt, and M. Qian. "Architectured hierarchical porous metals enabled by additive manufacturing." Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2021.1994110.

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20

Fan, Zongyue, and Bo Li. "Meshfree Simulations for Additive Manufacturing Process of Metals." Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40192-019-00131-w.

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21

Guo, Shaoqing, Wei Liu, Shuai Huang, and Qiao Xiang. "Development of Laser Additive Manufacturing Technology for Metals." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 22, no. 3 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-sscae-2020.03.009.

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22

Chaudhry, Shubham, J. W. Tcheumanak Chuitcheu I. V. Tchouambe, Azzeddine Soulaïmani, and Rajeev Das. "Computational modelling of SLM additive manufacturing of metals." International Journal of Manufacturing Research 17, no. 4 (2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmr.2022.127090.

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23

Kirka, M. M., Y. Lee, D. A. Greeley, A. Okello, M. J. Goin, M. T. Pearce, and R. R. Dehoff. "Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing." JOM 69, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2264-3.

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24

Jalabadze, Nikoloz, Lili Nadaraia, and Levan Khundadze. "SPS Method for Manufacturing Carbide Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.38.

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Due the rapid heating rate combined with high pressure by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technologies possible manufacture a wide range of novel materials with exceptional properties that cannot be achieved using conventional sintering techniques. Hard metals are, from a technical point of view, one of the most successful composite materials. An overview of the metallurgical reactions during the SPS sintering process of powder mixtures for the manufacture of hard metals is presented. The relatively complex phase reactions in the multi-component system TiC-Mo-W-Ni are discussed. There were elaborated a new technology for the fabrication of nanocrystalline hard metals of a new class assigned for the production of articles with high different characteristics. Elaborated materials are characterized by high melting temperature, hardness, wear-resistance, and satisfactory strength at high temperature and corrosive resistance. Through the use of developed technology and the appropriate structural condition gives possibility to achieve high physical-mechanical characteristics. Obtaining of composite materials via elaborated technology is available from the corresponding complex compounds and directly consisting elements too. In this case High-temperature Self-propagation Synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering/synthesis (SPS) process are united and during a single operation it is possible to get not only the powder materials but at the same time obtain required details.

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25

Gawel, Tomasz Grzegorz. "Review of Additive Manufacturing Methods." Solid State Phenomena 308 (July 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.308.1.

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The manuscript reviews the additive manufacturing technology. The principle of operation of the most popular and new AM methods was discussed. the manuscript presents the possibility of skewing different materials for individual technologies. Additive manufacturing technologies have been described that can manufacture parts from polymers, metals, ceramics and composites.

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26

Tolochko, N. K., A. A. Andrushevich, P. S. Chugaev, and T. A. Bogdanobich. "DIRECT MANUFACTURING OF METAL PARTS USING LOM-TECHNOLOGY." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-137-143.

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A brief review of the main types of additive technologies providing direct manufacturing of metal parts was carried out. Peculiarities of direct manufacturing of metal parts using LOM-technology (laminated object manufacturing) are compared with other additive technologies. Different methods of juncture stacked sheet metals during fabrication of LOM-parts, including methods of mechanical, adhesive, welded and soldered juncture were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods were considered. The possibilities of juncture sheet stacked metals by welding and soldering were demonstrated experimentally.

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27

Peyre, Patrice. "Additive Layer Manufacturing using Metal Deposition." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040459.

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Among the additive layer manufacturing techniques for metals, those involving metal deposition, including laser cladding/Direct Energy Deposition (DED, with powder feeding) or Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM, with wire feeding), exhibit several attractive features [...]

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28

Al-Ayouty, Iman. "The Effect of Energy Consumption on Output: A Panel Data Study of Manufacturing Industries in Egypt." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p490.

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Subsidizing electricity and non-electrical energy products has affected manufacturing output in Egypt, especially given the structure of Egypt’s manufacturing sector which leaning heavily towards capital- and energy-intensive products. This effect is captured in a production function estimated for the twenty industries making up Egypt’s manufacturing sector over the period 2002-2016. With homogeneous parameters, the estimated output elasticity of energy is 0.28. With panel member parameter heterogeneity, the output elasticity of energy is positive and statistically significant in ten manufacturing industries. Negative and statistically significant elasticity is however found in refined petroleum products, fabricated metal products, and electrical machinery and equipment. This indicates suboptimal energy use. Elasticity is also negative, though statistically insignificant, in: textiles, basic metals, and “other manufacturing”. Except for “other manufacturing”, industries of negative elasticity are all energy-intensive. Moreover, refined petroleum, fabricated metals and basic metals are pollution-intensive. A priority policy measure is to remove subsidies from energy inefficient and polluting industries as opposed to mere ‘across-the-board’ removal. Keywords: energy consumption; manufacturing industries; energy- and pollution intensive; Egypt

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Shapovalov, Vladimir. "Porous Metals." MRS Bulletin 19, no. 4 (April 1994): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400039476.

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Porous metals are engineered materials; they are designed for special properties. Technological progress necessitates expanding the choices of such materials, making the development of new porous metals a relevant challenge for materials scientists.Although a wealth of information has already been accumulated on these materials, new results are published every year, extending the engineer's capability to manufacture porous metals and revealing their unknown and often unusual properties. This survey describes the state of the art and some recent accomplishments in the field. This article discusses manufacturing practices, structure, properties, and applications of porous metals. Promising new research issues are also highlighted. Materials whose pores were not formed in situ, like honeycomb structures made by high-energy beams etc., are not covered.

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30

Valentinčič, Joško. "Current Trends in Micro and Nano Manufacturing." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122058.

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31

Sidel'nikov, S. B., N. N. Dovzhenko, Ju D. Gajlis, and O. S. Lebedeva. "Development of CAD subsystem manufacturing processes of jewelry." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2013): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68236.

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The article contains elaborate algorithms and techniques of the design process sheet, flat-and-edge rolling and drawing of long semi-finished products for the production of jewelry made of precious metals and their alloys. This paper describes the developed software, which allows one to calculate deformation modes and energy-power parameters of the designed processes with the visualization of the data in tabular and graphical form.It also describes the process of adaptation of the developed CAD systems for production conditions jewelry chains of gold 585 at JSC "The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant".

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32

van der Wiel, Dave. "Advanced Powder Characterization for Additive Manufacturing." AM&P Technical Articles 177, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2019-05.p022.

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Abstract As powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes continue to mature, reliable powder characterization techniques will be key to optimizing both AM processes and final part performance. This article describes advanced metals for assessing powder properties and their influence on AM processing and part performance.

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33

Liang Misheng, 梁密生, 李欣 Li Xin, 王猛猛 Wang Mengmeng, 原永玖 Yuan Yongjiu, 陈孝喆 Chen Xiaozhe, 许晨阳 Xu Chenyang, and 左佩 Zuo Pei. "Spatially-Shaped Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing of Microgrooves in Metals." Chinese Journal of Lasers 48, no. 2 (2021): 0202003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202148.0202003.

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34

Liu, Zhiyuan, Dandan Zhao, Pei Wang, Ming Yan, Can Yang, Zhangwei Chen, Jian Lu, and Zhaoping Lu. "Additive manufacturing of metals: Microstructure evolution and multistage control." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 100 (February 2022): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.011.

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35

Yakushev, Alexey Vyacheslavovich, Alexander Vasilyevich Smolyaninov, and Konstantin Mikhaylovich Kolyasov. "Structural and phenomenological models of metals for car manufacturing." Transport of the Urals, no. 4 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-4-18-23.

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The paper provides examples of negative changes of mechanical properties of metals, including 20L cast steel, that are used in manufacturing of bearing elements of bogies for freight cars, which are manifested with growth of cyclic operating time. In order to study relationship of mechanical properties the authors have carried out a mathematical description of processes occurring at uniaxial quasi-static stretching in representative volume of fragile and viscous steel for car manufacturing with various cyclic operating time. Well known models of structural steel are supplemented by the Mironov - Yakushev model that considers a softening stage in separate microstructural seeds and that is useful for studying fragile and viscous steel. The authors have studied damage of steel by a method of preventive unloading on a stage of poet-failure deformation with a construction of full tensile stress-strain diagrams at stretching of studied volume of metal and have compared with results of tests of full-scale samples. Results of modeling show a decrease of all mechanical properties of metals after operating time and an interaction with the tensile stress-strain diagram.

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Ladani, Leila, and Maryam Sadeghilaridjani. "Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091391.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technology has received much attention in recent years. In practice, however, much effort is focused on the AM of polymers. It is comparatively more expensive and more challenging to additively manufacture metallic parts due to their high temperature, the cost of producing powders, and capital outlays for metal additive manufacturing equipment. The main technology currently used by numerous companies in the aerospace and biomedical sectors to fabricate metallic parts is powder bed technology, in which either electron or laser beams are used to melt and fuse the powder particles line by line to make a three-dimensional part. Since this technology is new and also sought by manufacturers, many scientific questions have arisen that need to be answered. This manuscript gives an introduction to the technology and common materials and applications. Furthermore, the microstructure and quality of parts made using powder bed technology for several materials that are commonly fabricated using this technology are reviewed and the effects of several process parameters investigated in the literature are examined. New advances in fabricating highly conductive metals such as copper and aluminum are discussed and potential for future improvements is explored.

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Brown, Travis L., Srinivasan Swaminathan, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, W. Dale Compton, Alexander H. King, and Kevin P. Trumble. "Low-cost manufacturing process for nanostructured metals and alloys." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 10 (October 2002): 2484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0362.

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In spite of their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited uses because of the cost of preparation and the limited range of materials that can be synthesized. It has been shown that most of these limitations can be overcome by subjecting a material to large-scale deformation, as occurs during common machining operations. The chips produced during lathe machining of a variety of pure metals, steels, and other alloys are shown to be nanostructured with grain (crystal) sizes between 100 and 800 nm. The hardness of the chips is found to be significantly greater than that of the bulk material.

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Shih, Hsuan Hao, and Chih Kuang Lin. "Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing for Metals." Key Engineering Materials 825 (October 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.825.7.

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The aim of this study is to develop a finite element analysis technique to characterize the distributions of temperature and stress in the process of multilayer deposition of metallic powders by laser additive manufacturing (LAM). Simulation results indicate the residual normal stress in the laser moving direction is greater than that in other directions due to a larger temperature gradient, and it increases with number of deposited layers. Highly residual stresses are present in the LAM build and at the base nearby the interface between the build and base.

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Hofmann, Douglas C., Joanna Kolodziejska, Scott Roberts, Richard Otis, Robert Peter Dillon, Jong-Ook Suh, Zi-Kui Liu, and John-Paul Borgonia. "Compositionally graded metals: A new frontier of additive manufacturing." Journal of Materials Research 29, no. 17 (August 28, 2014): 1899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.208.

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40

Kumar, J. Pradeep, R. Arun Prakash, and R. Jaanaki Raman. "Wire ARC Additive Manufacturing of Functional Metals - A Review." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 6 (June 28, 2023): 572–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230671.

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The need for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has substantially expanded in recent years, and it has emerged as a possible alternative to subtractive production. According to research, the mechanical qualities of wire arc additively manufactured materials are comparable to cast material. When compared to other fusion sources, WAAM provides considerable cost savings as well as a higher deposition rate. However, WAAM presents considerable problems, including undesired microstructures and mechanical characteristics, large residual stresses, and deformation. As a result, more study is required to address the aforementioned problems by optimizing process parameters and post-deposition heat treatment. In accordance with the foregoing, this paper attempts to fill the gap by presenting a comprehensive review of WAAM literature, which includes stage-wise development of WAAM, metals, and alloys used, effects of process parameters, and methodologies used by various researchers to improve the quality of WAAM components. Furthermore, this work suggests topics that could be explored further in the future. Keywords: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Subtractive production, cost saving, optimizing parameters, stage wise development.

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41

Zhang, Jiarong, Xinjie Di, Chengning Li, Xipeng Zhao, Lingzhi Ba, and Xin Jiang. "Additive manufacturing of Inconel625-HSLA Steel functionally graded material by wire arc additive manufacturing." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 5 (2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021063.

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Functional graded materials (FGMs) have been widely applied in many engineering fields, and are very potential to be the substitutions of dissimilar metal welding joints due to their overall performance. In this work, the Inconel625-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Steel FGM was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The chemical composition distribution, microstructure, phase evolution and mechanical properties of the FGM were examined. With the increasing of HSLA Steel, the chemical composition appeared graded distribution, and the primary dendrite spacing was largest in graded region with 20%HSLA Steel and then gradually decreased. And the main microstructure of the FGM transformed from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. Laves phase precipitated along dendrites boundary when the content of HSLA Steel was lower than 70% and Nb-rich carbides precipitated when the content of HSLA Steel exceeded to 70%. Microhardness and tensile strength gradually decreased with ascending content of HSLA Steel, and had a drastic improvement (159HV to 228HV and 355Mpa to 733Mpa) when proportion of HSLA Steel increased from 70% to 80%.

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Osipovich, Ksenia, Kirill Kalashnikov, Andrey Chumaevskii, Denis Gurianov, Tatiana Kalashnikova, Andrey Vorontsov, Anna Zykova, et al. "Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing: A Review." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020279.

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The work is devoted to a review of modern achievements in the field of wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing. The features of structure formation in aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel-based alloys, and steels during 3D printing are shown. Aspects of directional solidification during the production of components from various metals and alloys are considered. The prospects for obtaining composite and functionally graded materials based on various metals and alloys using wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing are determined. The regularities of the structure modification and hardening of additively manufactured materials by the method of friction stir processing were considered. The main purpose of the review is to present additive manufacturing methods, the main focus being on the wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing of metal alloys.

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Guan, Lei, Guoyi Tang, and Paul K. Chu. "Recent advances and challenges in electroplastic manufacturing processing of metals." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 7 (July 2010): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0170.

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Electroplastic manufacturing processing (EPMP) is a relatively new metal-forming process that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to manufacture metals or alloys that are difficult to process by conventional manufacturing protocols. There have been significant advances in EPMP in the past decade, and this review summarizes our current state of understanding and describes recent developments in EPMP. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the mechanisms responsible for the electroplastic effect and microstructure evolution as well as major advances in EPMP of metals. Challenges facing theoretical and experimental investigations are also discussed.

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Aguado, Ainhoa Riquelme, Carmen Sánchez de Rojas Candela, and Pilar Rodrigo Herrero. "Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Components for Hard Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12071007.

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Dobrzański, L. A., L. B. Dobrzański, and A. D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Additive and hybrid technologies for products manufacturing using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 102 (April 1, 2020): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1525.

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Purpose: The paper is a comprehensive review of the literature on additive and hybrid technologies for products manufacturing using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: Extensive literature studies on conventional powder engineering technologies have been carried out. By using knowledge engineering methods, development perspectives of individual technologies were indicated. Findings: The additive and hybrid technologies for products manufacturing using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics as the advanced digital production (ADP) technologies are located in the two-quarters of the dendrological matrix of technologies "wide-stretching oak" and "rooted dwarf mountain pine" respectively. It proves their highest possible potential and attractiveness, as well as their fully exploited attractiveness or substantial development opportunities in this respect. Originality/value: According to augmented holistic Industry 4.0 model, many materials processing technologies and among them additive and hybrid technologies for products manufacturing using powders of metals, their alloys and ceramics are becoming very important among product manufacturing technologies. They are an essential part not only of powder engineering but also of the manufacturing development according to the concept of Industry 4.0.

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Deng, Guanyu, Hongtao Zhu, and Anh Kiet Tieu. "Advances in Friction, Lubrication, Wear and Oxidation in Metals Manufacturing." Metals 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030505.

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When quickly reviewing the developments of new materials design and fabrication, and engineering and industrial manufacturing, it was found that tribology is a very complicated and highly challenging field that cannot be avoided to improve the manufacturing cost and increase the material service life [...]

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Ermakov, Sergei, and Evgeniy Gulihandanov. "Manufacturing powders for additive machines through plasma atomizing." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2021, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2021-6-29-41.

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There is developed and manufactured a plasma atomizer allowing the production of powders of different metals. The analysis of structures of particle crystallization and its impact upon product properties is carried out.

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Fatemi, Ali, Reza Molaei, and Nam Phan. "Multiaxial Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metals." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930001003.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently gained much interest from researchers and industry practitioners due to the many advantages it offers as compared to the traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. These include the ability to fabricate net shaped complex geometries, integration of multiple parts, on-demand fabrication, and efficient raw material usage, among other benefits. Some of distinguishing features of AM metals, as compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing methods, include surface roughness, porosity and lack of fusion defects, residual stresses due to the thermal history of the part during the fabrication process, and anisotropy of the properties. Most components made of AM processes are subjected to cyclic loads, therefore, fatigue performance is an important consideration in their usage for safety critical applications. In addition, the state of stress at fatigue critical locations are often multiaxial. Considering the fact that many of the distinguishing features of AM metals are directional, the subject of multiaxial fatigue presents an important study area for a better understanding of their fatigue performance. This paper presents an overview of the aforementioned issues using recent data generated using AM Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH stainless steel. Specimens were made by laser-based powder bed fusion and subjected to axial, torsion, and in-phase as well as out-of-phase loadings. A variety of conditions such as surface roughness, thermo-mechanical treatment, and notch effects are included. Many aspects are considered including damage mechanisms and crack paths, cyclic deformation, fatigue crack nucleation and growth, and stress concentration effects.

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Yang, Si Yi, Er Tuan Zhao, and Yu Kun An. "Research on Manufacturing the Metal Foams with Regular Cells by 3D Printing." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1233.

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In the paper the methods of designing and manufacturing of the metals foam with regular cells are researched. The software models of metals foam are designed by CAD. The models are transmitted into 3D printing machine to manufacture foam framework. The metal foams with regular cells and fixed porosities are manufactured by chemical plating, electric plating and investment cast. According to the applications the structures of metal foams can be designed to control sizes, shapes and distribution of pores, porosities, density and to control the properties of metals foam, which can satisfy various demands of applications. Nickel foam with regular cells is designed and manufactured by this method.

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Zhang, Mei Jian, Wei Jun Fu, Zhuo Jing Fu, and Zhi Qun Gao. "Mercury and other Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-Vegetation System around Compact Fluorescent Lamp Production Town in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1446.

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There is an increasing concern about heavy metal contamination in farmland in China and worldwide.In order to reveal the spatial features of heavy metals in the soil-vegetable system in the CFL manufacturing area, a total of 18 pairs of soil and vegetable samples were collected from Gaohong, Southeastern China. Most of the heavy metals in soil were much higher than its corresponding background value in Zhejiang province,Most of the heavy metals in the vegetable exceeded the Safe Agricultural Product Standard in China.Compared to other heavy metals, Hg had the highest enrichment index. The CFL manufacturing companies were the main source of heavy metal Hg pollution in this area. There are strong correlation between THg in soil and vegetable.

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