Journal articles: 'Manual muscle test'

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Nagatomi, Takayuki, Tatsuo Mae, Teruyoshi Nagafuchi, Shin-ichi Yamada, Koutatsu Nagai, and Minoru Yoneda. "Shoulder manual muscle resistance test cannot fully detect muscle weakness." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 25, no. 7 (November 21, 2016): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4380-y.

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Bohannon, Richard W. "Internal Consistency of Manual Muscle Testing Scores." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 2 (October 1997): 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.736.

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The internal consistencies of manual muscle test scores of the actions of three upper and three lower extremity muscles were examined among 37 home care patients. The correlations between scores of specific pairs of actions ranged from .01 to .88. Cronbach alphas ranged from .59 to .88. Manual scores of limb muscle strength, therefore, appear to possess suitable internal consistency.

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SANDERS, DONALD B., BERNADETTE TUCKER-LIPSCOMB, and JANICE M. MASSEY. "A Simple Manual Muscle Test for Myasthenia Gravis." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 998, no. 1 (September 2003): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1254.057.

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Cibulka, Michael T., Dana Weissenborn, Megan Donham, Hayley Rammacher, Patrick Cuppy, and and Sandy A. Ross. "A new manual muscle test for assessing the entire trapezius muscle." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 29, no. 3 (September 7, 2012): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2012.718856.

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Perry, Jacquelin, Mary Lloyd Ireland, Jo Gronley, and M. Mark Hoffer. "Predictive Value of Manual Muscle Testing and Gait Analysis in Normal Ankles by Dynamic Electromyography." Foot & Ankle 6, no. 5 (April 1986): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078600600506.

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Eight muscles about the ankle of seven normal subjects were assessed by electromyography (EMG) during manual muscle testing (MMT) and walking. Three strength levels (normal, fair, trace) and three gait velocities (free, fast, slow) were tested. The muscles studied included the gastrocnemius, soleus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus. Relative intensity of muscle action was quantitated visually (using an eight-point scale based on amplitude and density of the signal). The data showed that EMG activity increased directly as more muscle force was required during the different manual muscle test levels and increased walking speeds. No MMT isolated activity to the specific muscle thought being tested. Instead, there always was a synergistic response. Both the gastrocnemius and soleus contributed significantly to plantarflexion regardless of knee position. The intensity of muscle action during walking related to the manual muscle test grades. Walking at the normal free velocity (meters/min) required fair (grade 3) muscle action. During slow gait the muscle functioned at a poor (grade 2) level. Fast walking necessitated muscle action midway between fair and normal, which was interpreted as good (grade 4).

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Reed, D., M. Halaki, C. Jones, A. Downes, and K. Ginn. "Is there an optimal manual muscle test for subscapularis?" Manual Therapy 25 (September 2016): e73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2016.05.116.

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Sandenbergh, R., and A. Marais. "Reliability of Diagnostic Test in Rotator Cuff Mucle Pathology." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 63, no. 3 (January 9, 2007): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v63i3.155.

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Background: Several tests to assist it in the diagnoses of rota-tor cuff impairment have been described in the literature but controversy still exists as to the accuracy of these tests. A study was therefore conducted to determine the reliability of the rotator cuff muscle tests (empty can, full can, lift off and external rotation) as a diagnostic tool.Methodology: Fifty three patients experiencing shoulder pain were assessed using manual muscle tests (empty can; full can; lift off and external rotation tests). Both pain and weakness were recorded using numerical scales adapted from tests performed by Itoi et al, (1999). These results were compared to ultrasonic diagnoses made by a surgeon. Informed consent was obtained and anonymity was ensured for all participants.Results: A test was false positive when ultrasonic diagnosis indicated no tear in the muscle (although oedema or calcification may have been present), but the manual muscle test was positive regarding pain and weakness. A test on the other hand was false negative when the ultrasonic diagnosis indicated a muscle tear but the manual muscle tests indicated no pain or muscle weakness. Reliability was tested using sensitivity and specificity tests. The sensitivity of all four tests was high (80%), but the specificity was low (20% to 40%), implying that a large number of false positivediagnoses can be made. The major contributors to the false positive results were sub-acromial sub-deltoid bursitis anda decreased acromio-humeral space. When considering pain alone for a positive result the correlation increased a little, however, taking both pain and muscle weakness into account, the correlation increased even more.Conclusion: The manual muscle tests were not as reliable as expected, but concurrent pathologies may be the main factor influencing the results of the tests. The combination of muscle strength and pain could be recommended as criteria for a positive test. The empty can and full can tests could both be recommended in predicting a torn supraspinatus tendon, as they were equally sensitive

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Chen, Xiao Jing, Chun Hua Qi, Shou Lin Zhu, Ming Xing Gao, and Feng Yang. "On Study of Driver’s Shoulder Fatigue in Manual and Automatic on Grassland Highway." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2054.

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On the grassland highway, the driver is prone to muscle fatigue because of the particularity of its landscape and the linear structure. And vehicle operating system leads to different degree of muscle fatigue. In order to explore the pilot fatigue characteristics in grassland under different operation conversion highway, put forward the fatigue improve measures and improving the quality of driving, I use the real driving test. In this paper, we study the manual and automatic driver’s shoulder muscle fatigue with method of frequency domain analysis through testing the driver, obtaining MF of trapezius muscle in static measurement and the surface electronical signal of the trapezius muscle after 110 minutes’ driving. We devide the drivers into 2 groups (5 drivers in manual group, 5 drivers in automatic group). The results show that the automatic driver’s MF has significantly negative correlation (P =- 0.521) before and after the static test, which suggests automatic driver will be afflicted with shoulder muscle fatigue; The manual drive’s MF before and after the test tends to decrease with time (SlopeMS =- 0.0076, SlopeMD =- 0.0582), which suggests that after test, drivers in manual group are in the right shoulder fatigue, and before test, the decline of MF shows the drivers’ fatigue accumulation. After test, MF of manual and automatic group increases (SlopeAD =- 0.01, SlopeMD =- 0.058), which shows that driving on grassland highway can lead to the driver’s muscle fatigue with the extension of time; and vehicle operating system leads to different degree of muscle fatigue.

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Herbison, Gerald J., Zacharia Isaac, Michelle E. Cohen, and John F. Ditunno. "Strength post-spinal cord injury: myometer vs manual muscle test." Spinal Cord 34, no. 9 (September 1996): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1996.98.

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Yi, Cannan, Fan Tang, Kai-Way Li, Hong Hu, Huali Zuo, and Caijun Zhao. "Modeling and Validation of Fatigue and Recovery of Muscles for Manual Demolition Tasks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020930.

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Manual demolition tasks are heavy, physically demanding tasks that could cause muscle fatigue accumulation and lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Fatigue and recovery models of muscles are essential in understanding the accumulation and the reduction in muscle fatigue for forceful exertion tasks. This study aims to explore the onset of muscle fatigue under different work/rest arrangements during manual demolition tasks and the offset of fatigue over time after the tasks were performed. An experiment, including a muscle fatigue test and a muscle fatigue recovery test, was performed. Seventeen male adults without experience in demolition hammer operation were recruited as human participants. Two demolition hammers (large and small) were adopted. The push force was either 20 or 40 N. The posture mimicked that of a demolition task on a wall. In the muscle fatigue test, the muscle strength (MS) before and after the demolition task, maximum endurance time (MET), and the Borg category-ratio-10 (CR-10) ratings of perceived exertion after the demolition task were measured. In the muscle fatigue recovery test, MS and CR-10 at times 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 min were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the influence of push force and the weight of the tool on MS, MET, and CR-10. Both muscle fatigue models and muscle fatigue recovery models were established and validated. The results showed that push force affected MET significantly (p < 0.05). The weight of the tool was significant (p < 0.05) only on the CR-10 rating after the first pull. During the muscle fatigue recovery test, the MS increase and the CR-10 decrease were both significant (p < 0.05) after one or more breaks. Models of MET and MS prediction were established to assess muscle fatigue recovery, respectively. The absolute (AD) and relative (RD) deviations of the MET model were 1.83 (±1.94) min and 34.80 (±31.48)%, respectively. The AD and RD of the MS model were 1.39 (±0.81) N and 1.9 (±1.2)%, respectively. These models are capable of predicting the progress and recovery of muscle fatigue, respectively, and may be adopted in work/rest arrangements for novice workers performing demolition tasks.

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Bittmann, Frank, Silas Dech, Markus Aehle, and Laura Schaefer. "Manual Muscle Testing—Force Profiles and Their Reproducibility." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10120996.

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The manual muscle test (MMT) is a flexible diagnostic tool, which is used in many disciplines, applied in several ways. The main problem is the subjectivity of the test. The MMT in the version of a “break test” depends on the tester’s force rise and the patient’s ability to resist the applied force. As a first step, the investigation of the reproducibility of the testers’ force profile is required for valid application. The study examined the force profiles of n = 29 testers (n = 9 experiences (Exp), n = 8 little experienced (LitExp), n = 12 beginners (Beg)). The testers performed 10 MMTs according to the test of hip flexors, but against a fixed leg to exclude the patient’s reaction. A handheld device recorded the temporal course of the applied force. The results show significant differences between Exp and Beg concerning the starting force (padj = 0.029), the ratio of starting to maximum force (padj = 0.005) and the normalized mean Euclidean distances between the 10 trials (padj = 0.015). The slope is significantly higher in Exp vs. LitExp (p = 0.006) and Beg (p = 0.005). The results also indicate that experienced testers show inter-tester differences and partly even a low intra-tester reproducibility. This highlights the necessity of an objective MMT-assessment. Furthermore, an agreement on a standardized force profile is required. A suggestion for this is given.

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Lucareli, Paulo Roberto Garcia, Mário de Oliveira Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva Lima, Rafaela Okano Gimenes, Juliane Gomes de Almeida Lucareli, Silvio Antonio Garbelotti Junior, Thiago Yukio Fukuda, and José Eduardo Pompeu. "Comparison of methods of measurement of the finger flexor muscles’ strength through dynamometry and modified manual sphygmomanometer." Einstein (São Paulo) 8, no. 2 (June 2010): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010ao1388.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of the modified sphygmomanometer compared to hand dynamometer to measure muscle strength of the flexor muscles of fingers. Methods: We assessed 40 healthy volunteers of both genders, aged between 20 and 55 years, who underwent the muscle strength test in the finger flexor muscles on both hands using two instruments for which the comparison was made between them. Results: After statistical analysis by the paired Student's t test, there was no significant difference between the values obtained in modified sphygmomanometer and hand dynamometer tests in relation to right and left sides (p > 0.05). Pearson's coefficient of correlation observed good correlations between them. Conclusions: The modified sphygmomanometer proved to be a reproducible technique for measuring muscle strength of the finger flexor muscles.

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Brookham, Rebecca L., Linda McLean, and Clark R. Dickerson. "Construct Validity of Muscle Force Tests of the Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Electromyographic Investigation." Physical Therapy 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090024.

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Background Manual muscle tests (MMTs) are used in clinical settings to evaluate the function and strength (force-generating capacity) of a specific muscle in a position at which the muscle is believed to be most isolated from other synergists and antagonists. Despite frequent use of MMTs, few electromyographic evaluations exist to confirm the ability of MMTs to isolate rotator cuff muscles. Objective This study examined rotator cuff isolation during 29 shoulder muscle force tests (9 clinical and 20 generic tests). Design An experimental design was used in this study. Participants and Measurements Electromyographic data were recorded from 4 rotator cuff muscles and 10 additional shoulder muscles of 12 male participants. Maximal isolation ratios (mean specific rotator cuff muscle activation to mean activation of the other 13 recorded muscles) defined which of these tests most isolated the rotator cuff muscles. Results Three rotator cuff muscles were maximally isolated (obtained highest isolation ratios) within their respective clinical test groups (lateral rotator test group for the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and abduction test group for the supraspinatus muscle). The subscapularis muscle was maximally isolated equally as effectively within the generic ulnar force and clinical medial rotation groups. Similarly, the supraspinatus and teres minor muscles were isolated equally as effectively in some generic test groups as they were in their respective clinical test groups. Limitations Postural artifact in the wire electrodes caused exclusion of some channels from calculations. The grouping of muscle force tests based on test criteria (clinical or generic tests and muscle action) may have influenced which groups most isolated the muscle of interest. Conclusions The results confirmed the appropriateness of 9 commonly used clinical tests for isolating rotator cuff muscles, but suggested that several other muscle force tests were equally appropriate for isolating these muscles.

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Sethi, Tinu, Sushma Rawat, and SL Munde. "Effect of strengthening exercises in Hirayama disease: a case study." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0104.

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Background/Aims The effects of strengthening exercises in patients with Hirayama disease are not well documented. This case study examined the effect of strengthening exercises on hand functions in a patient with Hirayama disease. Methods An 18-year-old man with weakness in the right hand was given a hand-function strengthening programme consisting of 40 minutes of exercises, which were performed 5 days a week over an 8-week period. The patient used theraputty, a gel ball, finger dexterity board, gym kit and hand grip exerciser. The effects of the programme were evaluated using manual muscle testing, a hand-held dynamometer, pinchometer and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test. Results The patient's manual muscle testing grades improved following the strengthening programme. Results from the Dynamometer, pinchometer and Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test objectively exhibited increased muscle strength and improved hand functions. Conclusions Strengthening exercises are effective in alleviating muscle weakness and improving hand functions associated with Hirayama disease.

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Kim, Daeho, Sein Jang, and Jihong Park. "Electroacupuncture and Manual Acupuncture Increase Joint Flexibility but Reduce Muscle Strength." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040414.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture on hip flexion range of motion (ROM), knee joint (flexion replication at 15° and 45°) and quadriceps (strength and activation) function. Forty-five neurologically healthy adults participated in this randomized controlled laboratory study. Straight leg raise test, modified Thomas test, and hip abductors strength test were performed to determine acupoints. Afterwards, one of three 15-min treatments (control—no treatment, electroacupuncture, or manual acupuncture) was randomly applied using determined acupoints. Measurements (hip flexion ROM, and knee joint and quadriceps function) were recorded at baseline, and at 0, 20, and 40 min post treatment. Both electroacupuncture (4.0°, ES = 0.41) and manual acupuncture (5.4°, ES = 0.95) treatment immediately increased hip flexion ROM, and the increased values persisted for 40-min (p = 0.01). Knee flexion replication (at 15°: p = 0.17; 45°: p = 0.19) and quadriceps activation (p = 0.71) did not change at any of the time points. Post-treatment, both electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture decreased quadriceps strength at 0-min (electroacupuncture: 9.2%, p < 0.0001, ES = 0.60) and 40-min (electroacupuncture: 7.3%, p = 0.005, ES = 0.55; manual acupuncture: 8.7%, p = 0.01, ES = 0.54). A single session of either electroacupuncture or manual acupuncture treatment (selected acupoints based on physical examination) may immediately improve joint flexibility but reduce muscle strength.

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Bohannon, Richard W. "How informative are manual muscle test scores obtained from home-care patients?" Isokinetics and Exercise Science 17, no. 1 (March 10, 2009): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ies-2009-0326.

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Needham-Shropshire, M. Belinda, K. John Klose,, Mary Tucker, and Christine Thomas. "Manual Muscle Test Score and Force Comparisons After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 20, no. 3 (January 1997): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10790268.1997.11719483.

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Jan, Mei-Hwa, Huei-Ming Chai, Yeong-Fwu Lin, Janice Chien-Ho Lin, Li-Ying Tsai, Yu-Chih Ou, and Da-Hon Lin. "Effects of Age and Sex on the Results of an Ankle Plantar-Flexor Manual Muscle Test." Physical Therapy 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.10.1078.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. The ability to perform 20 or more one-leg heel-rises is considered a “normal” grade for muscle strength (force-generating capacity of muscle) of the ankle plantar flexors, regardless of age and sex. Because muscle strength is closely related to age and sex, the “normal” test criterion was re-evaluated in different groups categorized by age and sex. Subjects and Methods. One hundred eighty sedentary volunteers (21–80 years of age) without lower-limb lesions performed as many repetitions of one-leg heel-rise as possible. Lunsford and Perry criteria were used to determine completion of the test. Results. The age and sex of the participants influenced the maximal repetitions of heel-rise, and the repetitions decreased with age and in female subjects. Discussion and Conclusion. The muscle strength of the ankle plantar flexors, as measured by manual muscle testing, varied with age and sex. Clinicians should consider the variances of age and sex when they perform manual muscle testing of the ankle plantar flexors.

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Savić, Radoš, and Maja Kalinović. "Psychomotor pattern for neurological assessment of reflex in karate and taekwondo: Manual muscle test under load - general model." Sport - nauka i praksa 12, no. 1 (2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/snp12-1-37984.

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A reflex is an involuntary reaction of the nervous system to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. In athletes, it is largely damaged, which presents a serious problem. The psychomotor pattern for the neurological assessment of reflex in karate, taekwondo and other martial arts is based on the principles of physiology, neurology and biomechanics. Pattern can be defined as an inseparable entity of the physical (motor), psychological (mental-emotional) and energy factor, during manual muscle test under load used to assess muscle tonus, which is the subject of this paper. The aim of the paper is to determine neurological reflex activities of athletes' muscles when they are subject to load in order to fully exploit their potential. Investigating the reaction of the peripheral nervous system was based on the assessment of examinees' reflexes, among which were active athletes N = 50 and random sample of examinees N = 50, as well as on data comparison. The results indicated the damaged muscle innervation in 46% of athletes and 50% of random sample of examinees. The conclusion is that muscle tone virtually does not depend on whether someone is engaged in sport or not, and on the other hand, it sends a warning that it is necessary to balance the nervous system. Therefore, by restoring biological feedback, an adequate reaction of the nervous system improves health and athletes' training process. The authors provide a model of pre-exercise testing, which has the basic role of preventing muscle tone and a key role as a guardian of natural human functioning.

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Valentín-Mazarracin, Irene, Miriam Nogaledo-Martín, Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, María Stokes, José L. Arias-Buría, María J. Díaz-Arribas, and Gustavo Plaza-Manzano. "Reproducibility and Concurrent Validity of Manual Palpation with Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging for Assessing Deep Abdominal Muscle Activity: Analysis with Preferential Ratios." Diagnostics 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020298.

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The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is a clinical tool used for identifying preferential activity of deep abdominal muscles. However, concurrent validity and reproducibility of palpation during the ADIM has not been formally investigated. The aims of this study were (1) to assess intra- and interrater reliability of manual palpation during the ADIM, and (2) to determine the concurrent validity of manual palpation during the ADIM by calculating preferential activation ratio cut-off as assessed with ultrasound imaging (RUSI). Thirty-two subjects (n = 16 patients with nonspecific low back pain and 16 comparable healthy individuals) performed the ADIM in a supine hook-lying position. Two experienced assessors evaluated the presence or absence of preferential contraction of the deep abdominal muscles by palpation during the ADIM on 2 different days. Intrarater (test-retest) and interrater reliability of palpation were calculated using Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Muscle thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles at rest and during the ADIM were also measured. TrA-Contraction Ratio (TrA-CR), TrA-Preferential Activation Ratio (TrA-PAR), and Modified-TrA-PR (M-TrA-PAR) were calculated. The concurrent validity of manual palpation was determined using the correlation between manual palpation and imaging and by calculating ROC curve (operating characteristics curve), Youden index, and sensitivity and specificity. Intra- and interrater reliability of manual palpation during the ADIM was excellent (k: 0.82–1.00) and good to excellent (k: 0.71–1.00), respectively. Interrater reliability for muscle thickness ranged from good to excellent (ICC3,1 0.79–0.91). Manual palpation and TrA ratio showed low to moderate correlations (r: 0.36–0.60). When evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of manual palpation, the best predictive model (ROC value: 0.89; p < 0.001) for correct a preferential contraction of TrA was obtained when the M-TrA-PAR was ≥0.08 (sensitivity: 0.95–1.00; specificity: 0.62). Good to excellent intra- and interrater reliability of manual palpation was found during the ADIM in both patients and healthy groups. Manual palpation showed concurrent validity for identifying the preferential activity of the TrA muscle supporting its use in clinical practice.

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Bohannon, Richard W. "Manual muscle testing: does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test?" Clinical Rehabilitation 19, no. 6 (September 2005): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269215505cr873oa.

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Plaster, Ralph, Wellington Bueno Vieira, Flávia Alves Duarte Alencar, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, and Richard Eloin Liebano. "Immediate Effects of Electroacupuncture and Manual Acupuncture on Pain, Mobility and Muscle Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Acupuncture in Medicine 32, no. 3 (June 2014): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010489.

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Objective To compare the immediate effects of electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture on pain, mobility and muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Sixty patients with knee osteoarthritis, with a pain intensity of ≥2 on the pain Numerical Rating Scale, were included. The patients were randomised into two groups: manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Pain intensity, degree of dysfunction (Timed Up and Go (TUG) test), maximal voluntary isometric contraction and pressure pain threshold were assessed before and after a single session of manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture treatments. Results Both groups showed a significant reduction in pain intensity (p<0.001) and time to run the TUG test after the acupuncture treatment (p=0.005 for the manual acupuncture group and p=0.002 for the electroacupuncture group). There were no differences between the groups regarding pain intensity (p=0.25), TUG test (p=0.70), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (p=0.43) or pressure pain threshold (p=0.27). Conclusions This study found no difference between the immediate effects of a single session of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture on pain, muscle strength and mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Trial Registration Number RBR-9TCN2X.

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Peulić, Miodrag, Miloš Joković, Tijana Šušteršič, and Aleksandar Peulić. "A Noninvasive Assistant System in Diagnosis of Lumbar Disc Herniation." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (April 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6320126.

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The purpose of this study is the application of pressure sensors in diagnostics and evaluation of the accuracy diagnostics of lumbar disc herniation at levels L4/L5 and L5/S1 using the aforementioned platform. The motivation behind the idea to apply the pressure measurement platform is the fact that the motor weakness of plantar and dorsal flexia of the feet is one of the absolute indications for the operative treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation at the indicated levels. In patients, MRI diagnosis of the lumbosacral spine served as the ground truth in the diagnosis of herniation at L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels. The inclusive criteria for the study were the proven muscle weakness based on manual muscle tests performed prior to surgery, after seven days of surgery and after physical therapy. The results obtained with the manual muscular test were compared with the results obtained using our platform. The study included 33 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results of the measurements indicate that the application of our platform with pressure sensors has the same sensitivity diagnostics as a manual muscle test, when done preoperatively and postoperatively. After physical therapy, pressure sensors show statistically significantly better sensitivity compared to the clinical manual muscle test. The obtained results are encouraging in the sense that the pressure platform can be an additional diagnostic method for lumbar disc herniation detection and can indicate the effectiveness of operative treatment and physical therapy after operation. The main advantage of the system is the cost; the whole system with platform and sensors is not expensive.

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Şahin, F., N. Ş. Atalay, N. Akkaya, Ö. Ercidoğan, B. Başakçı, and B. Kuran. "The correlation of neurophysiological findings with clinical and functional status in patients following traumatic nerve injury." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413479507.

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In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the electrodiagnostic findings and the functional status, muscle strength and sensibility in patients with traumatic nerve injury to the wrists. We assessed 50 patients at a mean of 11.6 months (SD 5.85) (range 6–25) after nerve injury. Sensibility was assessed by monofilament testing. Motor function was evaluated by assessing the manual muscle grade of the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles. Function was evaluated by the Sollerman Hand Function Test. The amplitudes of the compound muscle action potential and the sensory nerve action potential were determined by electroneuromyography. While the compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes had significant correlation with muscle grade and Semmes Weinstein Monofilament tests, there was no correlation with the functional scores.

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Karaganova, Irina, and Stefka Mindova. "APPLICATION OF HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER FOR MONITORING FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 28, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 4345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2022282.4345.

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Cervical radiculopathy is common in clinical practice. It is the main reason to neck pain. Depending on the severity, neck pain can interfere with daily activities. In this regard, in order to identify the symptoms and to undertake optimal treatment of the problem, a full clinical and functional examination must be performed. The most commonly used and imposed test in practice to assess the condition of the muscles is manual muscle testing (MMT). Recent studies of muscle dysfunction in various neuromuscular disorders have focused on the use of apparatus methods to assess and monitor functional recovery. For this reason, based on the successful results of the use of a manual electronic dynamometer, we applied in a clinical setting testing with Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) to monitor functional recovery in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Aim: The aim of the study was: to monitor and compare changes in muscle strength during functional recovery in patients with cervical radiculopathy using standard Manual Muscle Testing and Hand-Held Dynamometer. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the period from December 2019 to April 2020. They were selected 16 patients of different origins of pain in the neck portion (osteochondrosis, spondylosis, disk herniation). Functional, hardware and statistical methods were used to monitor and evaluate the results. HDD-muscle testing was also included in the experimental group. Results: The practical experience of using a Hand-Held electronic dynamometer proved to be facilitation not only for the researcher but also for the patients. The inclusion of an HHD in the conducted research allowed fast and accurate assessment of the physical function and the weakened muscle groups. This allowed individual dosing and targeted exercise of weakened muscle groups in each individual patient. Conclusion: The use of HHD to assess muscle strength leads to objectification and a more rational presentation of the results of muscle strength testing.

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Heldner, Mirjam R., Tim Vanbellingen, Stephan Bohlhalter, Heinrich P. Mattle, René M. Müri, and Christian P. Kamm. "Coin Rotation Task: A Valid Test for Manual Dexterity in Multiple Sclerosis." Physical Therapy 94, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130252.

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Background Impaired manual dexterity is frequent and disabling in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, convenient, quick, and validated tests for manual dexterity in people with MS are needed. Objective The aim of this study was to validate the Coin Rotation Task (CRT) for examining manual dexterity in people with MS. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 101 outpatients with MS were assessed with the CRT, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); muscle strength and sensory deficits of the hands were noted. The concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy of the CRT were determined by comparison with the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). Construct validity was determined by comparison with a valid dexterity questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were done to explore correlations of the CRT with the EDSS, SARA, MAS, muscle strength, and sensory deficits. Results The CRT correlated significantly with the 9HPT (r=.73, P<.0001), indicating good concurrent validity. The cutoff values for the CRT relative to the 9HPT were 18.75 seconds for the dominant hand (sensitivity=81.5%, specificity=80.0%) and 19.25 seconds for the nondominant hand (sensitivity=90.3%, specificity=81.8%); these values indicated good diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the CRT correlated significantly with the dexterity questionnaire (r=−.49, P<.0001), indicating moderate construct validity. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the EDSS was the strongest predictor for impaired dexterity. Limitations Most of the people examined had relapsing-remitting MS and EDSS scores of up to 7. Conclusions This study validated the CRT as a test that can be used easily and quickly to evaluate manual dexterity in people with MS.

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Kemnitz, Jana, Christian F. Baumgartner, Felix Eckstein, Akshay Chaudhari, Anja Ruhdorfer, Wolfgang Wirth, Sebastian K. Eder, and Ender Konukoglu. "Clinical evaluation of fully automated thigh muscle and adipose tissue segmentation using a U-Net deep learning architecture in context of osteoarthritic knee pain." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 33, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00816-5.

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Abstract Objective Segmentation of thigh muscle and adipose tissue is important for the understanding of musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore, the purpose of this work is (a) to evaluate whether a fully automated approach provides accurate segmentation of muscles and adipose tissue cross-sectional areas (CSA) compared with manual segmentation and (b) to evaluate the validity of this method based on a previous clinical study. Materials and methods The segmentation method is based on U-Net architecture trained on 250 manually segmented thighs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). The clinical evaluation is performed on a hold-out test set bilateral thighs of 48 subjects with unilateral knee pain. Results The segmentation time of the method is < 1 s and demonstrated high agreement with the manual method (dice similarity coeffcient: 0.96 ± 0.01). In the clinical study, the automated method shows that similar to manual segmentation (− 5.7 ± 7.9%, p < 0.001, effect size: 0.69), painful knees display significantly lower quadriceps CSAs than contralateral painless knees (− 5.6 ± 7.6%, p < 0.001, effect size: 0.73). Discussion Automated segmentation of thigh muscle and adipose tissues has high agreement with manual segmentations and can replicate the effect size seen in a clinical study on osteoarthritic pain.

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CHUANG, CHEN-TSE, SHOU-ZEN FAN, and JIANN-SHING SHIEH. "MUSCLE RELAXATION CONTROLLED BY AUTOMATED ADMINISTRATION OF CISATRACURIUM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 18, no. 06 (December 25, 2006): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237206000439.

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In this paper, the muscle relaxant agent (i.e., cisatracurium) and three clinical control methods (i.e., 13 patients undergoing intermitted bolus control, 15 patients undergoing intensive manual control and 15 patients) undergoing automatic fuzzy logic control (FLC), were used for maintaining depth of muscle relaxation (DOM) during surgery. Cisatracurium, a muscle relaxation drug with long-term effect, low metabolic loading, but long delay time, is widely used in operating rooms and ICUs. Meanwhile, the rules for the FLC were developed from the experimental experience of intensive manual control after learning from 15 patient trials. According to experts' experimental experience, our FLC inputs were chosen from T1% error and trend of T1% which differ from other previous studies on eliminating the effect of time delay from cisatracurium. In individual clinical experimental results, the mean(SD) of the mean T1% error in 13 patients for intermitted bolus control, in 15 patients for intensive manual control, and in 15 patients for automatic control was 8.76(1.46), 1.65(1.67), and 0.48(1.43), respectively. The t test results show that automatic control is not significantly different from intensive manual control. The results show that a simple fuzzy logic controller derived from anesthetists ' clinical trials can provide good accuracy without being affected by the pharmacological time delay problem.

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Knepler, Caryn, and Richard W. Bohannon. "Subjectivity of Forces Associated with Manual-Muscle Test Grades of 3+, 4-, and 4." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 3_suppl (December 1998): 1123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.3f.1123.

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Capelari, Tânia Valdameri, Jéssica Saccol Borin, Melissa Grigol, Raquel Saccani, Franciele Zardo, and Fernanda Cechetti. "EVALUATION OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IN MEDULLAR INJURY: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Coluna/Columna 16, no. 4 (December 2017): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120171604179802.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the tools used to evaluate muscle strength in subjects with spinal cord injury in both clinical practice and scientific research. Methods: Initially, the literature review was carried out to identify the tools used in scientific research. The search was conducted in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Pedro, and PubMed. Studies published between 1990 and 2016 were considered and selected, depicting an evaluation of muscle strength as an endpoint or for characterization of the sample. Next, a survey was carried out with physiotherapists to identify the instruments used for evaluation in clinical practice, and the degree of satisfaction of professionals with respect to them. Results: 495 studies were found; 93 were included for qualitative evaluation. In the studies, we verified the use of manual muscle test with different graduation systems, isokinetic dynamometer, hand-held dynamometer, and manual dynamometer. In clinical practice, the manual muscle test using the motor score recommended by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association was the most used method, despite the limitations highlighted by the physiotherapists interviewed. Conclusion: In scientific research, there is great variation in the methods and tools used to evaluate muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury, differently from clinical practice. The tools available and currently used have important limitations, which were highlighted by the professionals interviewed. No instrument depicts direct relationship of muscle strength and functionality of the subject. There is no consensus as to the best method for assessing muscle strength in spinal cord injury, and new instruments are needed that are specific for use in this population.

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Shanker, Ramkumar Rajabathar Babu Jai, Michael H. Zhang, and Daniel T. Ginat. "Semantic Segmentation of Extraocular Muscles on Computed Tomography Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071553.

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Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the orbit with measurement of extraocular muscle size can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect extraocular muscles. However, the manual measurement of extraocular muscle size can be time-consuming and tedious. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in segmenting extraocular muscles and measuring muscle sizes from CT images. Consecutive CT scans of orbits from 210 patients between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 were used. Extraocular muscles were manually annotated in the studies, which were then used to train the deep learning algorithms. The proposed U-net algorithm can segment extraocular muscles on coronal slices of 32 test samples with an average dice score of 0.92. The thickness and area measurements from predicted segmentations had a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.35 mm and 3.87 mm2, respectively, with a corresponding mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7 and 9%, respectively. On qualitative analysis of 32 test samples, 30 predicted segmentations from the U-net algorithm were accepted while 2 were rejected. Based on the results from quantitative and qualitative evaluation, this study demonstrates that CNN-based deep learning algorithms are effective at segmenting extraocular muscles and measuring muscles sizes.

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Yousefpour, Keiwan, Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin, and Maliheh Hadadnejad. "Comparison of the Effect of Therapeutic Exercise Protocol With and Without Kinesiotype and Manual Therapy on Pain and Disability and Muscle Function of Men With Cervicogenic Headache." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 11, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 560–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.11.4.3.

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Background and Aims Headache is one of the most common problems in adults and almost 47% of the world's population suffer from some kind of headache. High percentage of these headaches come from neck muscles these are called cervicogenic headaches. The purpose of this study is Comparison of the effect of comprehensive therapeutic protocol with and without manual treatment and kinesiotaping on pain and disability, postural and electrical activity of some neck muscles in men with non-traumatic cervicogenic headache. Methods 43 men aged 35 to 55 years with non-traumatic cervicogenic headache were selected for this study and randomly divided into four groups.Forward head angle, pain and disability and power of neck superficial muscle activation measured by using the photogrammetry, neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) and surface electromyography respectively in pre-test and after six weeks in post-test. Statistical methods, Shapiro-wilk and then repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and paired t-test, repeated measure variance and finally and Bonferroni were used (α≤0.05). Results The results showed a significant decrease in pain and disability, forward head angle and also a decrease in the activity of the superficial neck muscles in the experimental groups after six weeks of intervention. (P=0.00). Comparing the above three experimental groups, the comprehensive exercise therapy group with manual therapy had the highest statistical significance in reducing pain and disability, reducing the angle of head forward and reducing the activity of superficial neck muscles. (P=0.00). Conclusion comprehensive exercise therapy intervention with manual therapy had the greatest effect on improving the symptoms of men with non-thromatic cervicogenic headache.

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Harry, Anju, and Susan Annie George. "Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique on Improving Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in High School Level Kabaddi Players." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210616.

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Introduction: Kabaddi is one of the most popular games, which makes it our national pride. Kabaddi requires a lot of power, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, breath control and wariness. The game comes under contact sports and hence injuries are common. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a form of manual therapy used to relax the muscles via autogenic or reciprocal inhibition and lengthen the muscle, which uses muscle’s own energy in the form of gentle isometric contraction. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of MET on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, active knee extension (AKE) range, and agility in high school level kabaddi players. Subjects: 30 female amateur kabaddi players Methodology: 30 high school level Kabaddi players were assessed and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assigned into two groups. Group A (experimental n=15) received MET along with conventional exercises and Group B received Conventional flexibility exercises alone for 5 consecutive days. Pre-post and a follow-up measurement of hamstring flexibility, AKE and agility was taken using flexometer, 90-90 test and agility T-test. Results: Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired t-test. In paired t-test, the hamstring muscle flexibility improved significantly on day 5, on follow-up day 8 measurement it showed reduction in flexibility but not significant for both groups. The AKE of right and left knee joint has significantly improved on day 5 and there was significant reduction on day 8. Whereas the agility for both groups has significantly improved on day 5 and 8. On unpaired t-test, there is significant difference between both groups for all 3 outcomes. Conclusion: The Muscle energy Technique is effective on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, Active knee extension range and agility in 5 day MET programme. Therefore, concluded that Muscle Energy Technique is effective and can be administered on-field prior to sports events, and thereby improve player’s performance. Keywords: MET, Kabaddi, Hamstring injuries, Flexometer test, active knee extension test, agility T-test.

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Florence, Julaine M., Shree Pandya, Wendy M. King, Jenny D. Robison, Jack Baty, J. Philip Miller, Jeanine Schierbecker, and Linda C. Signore. "Intrarater Reliability of Manual Muscle Test (Medical Research Council Scale) Grades in Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy." Physical Therapy 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/72.2.115.

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Spinoso, Deborah Hebling, Murilo Goulart, Antonio Ferreira, and Marcelo Navega. "Analysis of the relationship between hamstring flexibility with muscular strength and its response to myofascial release." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 20 (September 15, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2022.20.1235.

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Background: Decreased flexibility can contribute to postural changes, the deficit in the ability to produce strength, and predispose to injuries. Currently, several myofascial release techniques work to improve muscle flexibility. Objective: To analyze the relationship between flexibility and muscle strength of the knee flexors and to verify the acute effect of two modalities of myofascial release on the flexibility of the hamstrings. Methods: 45 women participated in this study, divided into Manual Release Group, Instrumental Release Group, and Control Group. A sit and reach test, a third finger floor test, an assessment of the popliteal angle, and an assessment of knee flexion muscle strength were performed. Subsequently, the volunteers received a myofascial release session in the hamstring muscle group. After treatment, the volunteers were reassessed. Results: Both groups that received myofascial release performed better in flexibility tests. There was no correlation between hamstring flexibility and the ability to produce joint torque from knee flexion. Conclusion: The flexibility of the hamstring muscles did not influence the ability to produce knee flexion torque and both myofascial release techniques were effective in improving the flexibility of this musculature.

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Marty, Melissa C., Jolene M. Henning, and John T. Willse. "Accuracy and Reliability of Peer Assessment of Athletic Training Psychomotor Laboratory Skills." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.609.

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Abstract Context: Peer assessment is defined as students judging the level or quality of a fellow student's understanding. No researchers have yet demonstrated the accuracy or reliability of peer assessment in athletic training education. Objective: To determine the accuracy and reliability of peer assessment of athletic training students' psychomotor skills. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Entry-level master's athletic training education program. Patients or Other Participants: First-year (n = 5) and second-year (n = 8) students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants evaluated 10 videos of a peer performing 3 psychomotor skills (middle deltoid manual muscle test, Faber test, and Slocum drawer test) on 2 separate occasions using a valid assessment tool. Accuracy of each peer-assessment score was examined through percentage correct scores. We used a generalizability study to determine how reliable athletic training students were in assessing a peer performing the aforementioned skills. Decision studies using generalizability theory demonstrated how the peer-assessment scores were affected by the number of participants and number of occasions. Results: Participants had a high percentage of correct scores: 96.84% for the middle deltoid manual muscle test, 94.83% for the Faber test, and 97.13% for the Slocum drawer test. They were not able to reliably assess a peer performing any of the psychomotor skills on only 1 occasion. However, the ϕ increased (exceeding the 0.70 minimal standard) when 2 participants assessed the skill on 3 occasions (ϕ = 0.79) for the Faber test, with 1 participant on 2 occasions (ϕ = 0.76) for the Slocum drawer test, and with 3 participants on 2 occasions for the middle deltoid manual muscle test (ϕ = 0.72). Conclusions: Although students did not detect all errors, they assessed their peers with an average of 96% accuracy. Having only 1 student assess a peer performing certain psychomotor skills was less reliable than having more than 1 student assess those skills on more than 1 occasion. Peer assessment of psychomotor skills could be an important part of the learning process and a tool to supplement instructor assessment.

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Heo, Gi-yoon, Hee-kyung Kang, Min-hwa Kim, Irang Nam, Mariah Kim, So-yeon Kim, So-jung Park, et al. "A Case Report on a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treated with Korean Medicine." Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 43, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2022.43.5.891.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the improvement of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after long-term combined Korean medical treatment.Methods: A patient diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and rehabilitation for four separate hospital stays. To evaluate their respiratory discomfort and limb weakness, we used Manual Muscle Testing, the Pulmonary Function Test, and the Korean Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised.Results: The weakness of the muscles of the lower extremities and respiratory function was improved.Conclusion: We consider that combined Korean medicine treatments might be an effective treatment for muscle weakness and respiratory discomfort of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To verify the effectiveness of these treatments, further research is required.

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Kim, Chae-eun, Da-young An, Seung-ho Sun, Ui min Jerng, and Mikyung Kim. "A Case Report of Hemiparesis After Head Injury Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine." Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 43, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2022.43.5.817.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to report a case in which a patient showed recovery from hemiparesis after a head injury.Methods: A 60-year-old woman who suffered a head injury received Korean medicine treatment, including herbal decoctions, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and physical treatment for 32 days. The response before and after treatment was evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test, the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, and walking status.Results: After treatment, the range of the Manual Muscle Test grades of her left lower extremity increased from 1-3 to 2-4. Her score on the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index improved from 60 to 90. The patient, who was in a wheelchair at the time of admission, walked with a cane upon discharge.Conclusion: This study suggests that intervention with Korean medicine could be one of the therapeutic options for improving hemiparesis after head injury.

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Syahputra, Irwan, and Nurwijayanti Nurwijayanti. "Effect of Isometric and Isotonic Exercise Program on Increased Strength of Quardriceps Muscles in Osteoarthritis Patients in Singgasana Rama Physiotherapy Clinic Blitar." Journal for Quality in Public Health 5, no. 1 (November 9, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v5i1.246.

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Background: Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints that can cause disability and is progressive in the joints which cause changes in the water content, proteoglycin content, and collagen in the joints. One of the ways to improve functional ability in osteoarthritis cases is to use isotonic and isometric training exercise. Pain is a clinical symptom of knee osteoarthritis, limiting movement due to pain over time will cause rehabilitation problems such as impaired flexibility and stability, reduction of muscle mass (atrophy). Mild and moderate intensity quadriceps strength training is effective at achieving optimal muscle strength and function without causing significant muscle damage. Destination: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of isotonic and isometric exercises on muscle strength. Research methods: This study uses a pre-experimental research type using "One Group Pre - test and Post - Test". This research has carried out the first observation (pretest) so that researchers can test the changes that occur after the treatment, and the control group. Result: with the Wilcoxon signed rank test test the isometric and isotonic groups had p = 0.000 while the control group had a significance value of p = 1,000; and the 3 groups test has different values, namely: isotonic exercise has a value of 27.67; isometric; 28.60; and control 12.73. The conclusion that can be concluded that the value of isometric training has the highest value, namely 28.60 which means it is the most effective exercise to increase the value of Manual Muscle Testing. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving isometric and isotonic exercises in strengthening the quadriceps muscles.

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Muhith, Abdul, Teguh Herlambang, Atika Fatmawati, Dyah Siwi Hety, and I. Wayan Surya Merta. "PENGARUH TERAPI RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT DAN KUALITAS TIDUR LANJUT USIA." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 8, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v8i2.1792.

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Physiological changes in the elderly can cause a change in the neural system that is a disorder towards sleep quality while changes in the musculoskeletal system are the occurrence of muscle strength decline. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy is a therapy which can improve sleep quality and muscle strength. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy towards muscle strength and sleep quality of the elderly at House Technical Implementation. The research type used is quasi-experiment design with pretest and posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population in this research were all elderly as many as 40 elderly people. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling which was then divided into intervention group which consists of 20 respondents and control group which consists of 20 respondents. The measurement tool used was PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) questionnaire for sleep quality and the MMT (Manual Muscle Testing) observation sheet for muscle strength. The data were analyzed using Paired T-test and Independent T-test. Based on Paired T-test, it was obtained that p value = 0.000 (p

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Aamir Khan, Amna, Hassan Abbas, Rabbia Naseer Ahmed, and Maria Salman. "THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ANKLE JOINT TAPING COMBINED WITH FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR THE CORRECTION OF POST STROKE FOOT DROP." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.4.2/005.

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OBJECTIVE Post stroke foot is inability to lift foot at ankle joint due to paralysis of ankle dorsiflexor muscles. It is a common problem faced by stroke survivors. To determine the effect of ankle joint taping combined with functional electrical stimulation on post stroke foot drop. METHODS It was an experimental study. 10 stroke patients with foot drop were enlisted for the study by convenience sampling and randomized into two groups. The group A or treatment group (n-5) received kinesiotaping of ankle joint and functional electrical stimulation while group B or control group (n-5) received functional electrical stimulation only. Clinical assessment was done before and after study. Outcome measures were Manual Muscle Testing, active ankle dorsiflexion and time up and go test. RESULTS Improvement was recorded in both kinesiotaping of ankle joint with functional electrical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation groups for MMT and active range of ankle dorsiflexion and there was no significant improvement in time up and go test. But statistically non-significant difference between both groups is observed (Z=-2.000, p=0.46). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there is no clear benefit of ankle joint taping combined with functional electrical stimulation for correction of post stroke foot drop. Keywords: Foot Drop, Functional Electrical Stimulation, Ankle Joint Taping, Kinesiotaping, Dorsiflexion, Manual Muscle Testing

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Nishiyama, Daisuke, Hiroshi Iwasaki, Takaya Taniguchi, Daisuke Fukui, Manabu Yamanaka, Teiji Harada, and Hiroshi Yamada. "Deep generative models for automated muscle segmentation in computed tomography scanning." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): e0257371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257371.

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Accurate gluteus medius (GMd) volume evaluation may aid in the analysis of muscular atrophy states and help gain an improved understanding of patient recovery via rehabilitation. However, the segmentation of muscle regions in GMd images for cubic muscle volume assessment is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study automated GMd-region segmentation from the computed tomography (CT) images of patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis using deep learning and evaluated the segmentation accuracy. To this end, 5250 augmented pairs of training data were obtained from five participants, and a conditional generative adversarial network was used to identify the relationships between the image pairs. Using the preserved test datasets, the results of automatic segmentation with the trained deep learning model were compared to those of manual segmentation in terms of the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), volume similarity (VS), and shape similarity (MS). As observed, the average DSC values for automatic and manual segmentations were 0.748 and 0.812, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001); the average VS values were 0.247 and 0.203, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.069); and the average MS values were 1.394 and 1.156, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.308). The GMd volumes obtained by automatic and manual segmentation were 246.2 cm3 and 282.9 cm3, respectively. The noninferiority of the DSC obtained by automatic segmentation was verified against that obtained by manual segmentation. Accordingly, the proposed GAN-based automatic GMd-segmentation technique is confirmed to be noninferior to manual segmentation. Therefore, the findings of this research confirm that the proposed method not only reduces time and effort but also facilitates accurate assessment of the cubic muscle volume.

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Thirunavukkarasu, M. J., Bikash Kumar Das, and H. N. Vrushabhendra. "The prevalence of mechanical low back pain among proprioceptive neuro muscular facilitation and core muscle stabilisation." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (May 22, 2017): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172159.

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Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a common disorder causing pain and disability. Objective was to determine the effects of mechanical versus manual traction in manual physical therapy combined with segmental mobilization and exercise therapy it the physical therapy management of patients with cervical radiculopathy.Methods: The mechanical and manual traction was applied in group A and B along with common intervention of segmental mobilization and exercise therapy in both groups for 5 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by NPRS and NDI at the baseline and after completion of 5 weeks exercise program at 3 days per week. The paired and unpaired t test was applied at 95% confidence interval to determine the statistical difference among two groups and data was analysed by SPSS software version-23.Results: The result revealed that there was statistically both mechanical and manual traction techniques are equally significant in group A and B for pain and disability (p <0.05) and were better in the experimental group.Conclusions: If patients of cervical radiculopathy treated with mechanical traction, segmental mobilization and exercise therapy will manage pain and disability more effectively than treated with manual traction, segmental mobilization and exercise therapy.

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Bohannon, Richard W., and Darcie Corrigan. "A Broad Range of Forces is Encompassed by the Maximum Manual Muscle Test Grade of Five." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 3 (June 2000): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.3.747.

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Jensen, Anne, Richard Stevens, and Amanda Burls. "Developing the Evidence for Kinesiology-Style Manual Muscle Testing: A Series of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 20, no. 5 (May 2014): A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.5250.abstract.

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Jensen, Anne M., Richard Stevens, and Amanda Burls. "Developing the evidence for kinesiology-style manual muscle testing: A series of diagnostic test accuracy studies." Advances in Integrative Medicine 1, no. 3 (December 2014): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2015.01.010.

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Lim, Jae Eun, Mi Sa Song, Hyun Jeong Do, Gyu Hui Kim, Jung Hyeon Park, Hyun Min Yoon, Sun Hee Jang, Jong Cheol Seo, Choon Ho Song, and Cheol Hong Kim. "Brachial Plexus Palsy whilst on Crutches Treated with Korean Medicine Focused on Bee-Venom Pharmacopunture." Journal of Acupuncture Research 37, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/jar.2020.00164.

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This study aimed to show the effects of Korean medicine treatment (particularly bee-venom pharmacopunture) on a patient with brachial plexus palsy. A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with brachial plexus palsy on the right upper extremity and was treated with Korean and Western medicine from September 30<sup>th</sup> to November 6<sup>th</sup>, 2019. Improvement of the patient’s symptoms was evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test, Range of Motion and visual analogue scale. After treatment, the patient’s Manual Muscle Test grade and Range of Motion were improved, and the Visual Analogue Scale score indicated the intensity of her right hand numbness had decreased. These results suggested that improper use of crutches can result in brachial plexus palsy and a Korean-Western medicine treatment regimen primarily focused on bee-venom pharmacopunture, may be effective in reducing the symptoms of brachial plexus palsy.

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Malandrini, Alessandro, Alfredo Orrico, Carmen Gaudiano, Simona Gambelli, Lucia Galli, Gianna Berti, Vincenzo Tegazzin, Maria Teresa Dotti, Antonio Federico, and Vincenzo Sorrentino. "Muscle Biopsy and In Vitro Contracture Test in Subjects with Idiopathic HyperCKemia." Anesthesiology 109, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181862a0d.

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Background Persistent high creatine kinase (CK) levels may reflect underlying subclinical myopathies. In most cases, pathogenesis is unknown and clinical management is unclear. Though clinically asymptomatic, these subjects are potentially susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Methods The authors analyzed 37 subjects with persistent elevation of CK without significant weakness or other neurologic symptoms. Neurologic examination was performed according to manual muscle testing. Muscle biopsy and the in vitro contracture test were performed in all subjects. Results Twenty-three subjects (51.1%) were completely asymptomatic. The others had minor symptoms such as occasional cramps (11 subjects, 24.4%), fatigue (5 subjects, 11.1%), a combination of cramps and fatigue (5 subjects, 11.1%), and muscle pain (1 case, 2.2%). Muscle biopsy enabled precise diagnosis in 3 cases and was normal in 3 cases. The more frequent changes were variation in fiber size (31.1%), a combination of nuclear internalization and variation in fiber size (26.6%), nuclear internalization (6.6%), minor mitochondrial changes (4.4%), and neurogenic atrophy (4.4%). Immunocytochemical analysis was normal in all patients. In vitro contracture testing detected one malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and one malignant hyperthermia-equivocal subject. Conclusions The evidence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility by in vitro contracture test seems to be relatively infrequent among subjects with idiopathic hyperCKemia, but the incidence of true malignant hyperthermia in idiopathic hyperCKemia is unknown. Muscle biopsy should be considered a useful, though not very sensitive, diagnostic tool in idiopathic hyperCKemia, because it enables potentially treatable disorders, such as inflammatory myopathies, to be discovered. No uniform morphologic finding typical of idiopathic hyperCKemia or malignant hyperthermia susceptibility was identified by muscle biopsy.

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Kim, Yunho, Jeeyoung Kim, Heesung Nam, Hyun Dong Kim, Mi Ja Eom, Sang Hoon Jung, and Nami Han. "Ultrasound Imaging of the Trunk Muscles in Acute Stroke Patients and Relations With Balance Scales." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 44, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.19125.

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Objective To examine the correlation between ultrasonographic trunk muscle parameters and balance scales in mild acute stroke patients.Methods A total of 55 stroke patients with hemiparesis and motor power grade ≥4 in the manual motor test were included. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Trunk Control Test (TCT) were used to evaluate patient balance function. Ultrasonographic parameters were measured on both non-paretic and paretic sides of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and erector spinae muscles. Resting thickness and contraction thickness were measured in all muscles, and contractility and contractility ratio were calculated based on measured thicknesses. The differences between paretic and non-paretic muscle parameters, and the correlation between ultrasonographic parameters and balance scales were analyzed. Stroke patients were divided into two groups according to their fall risk. Ultrasonographic measurements between the two groups were compared.Results All muscles’ contraction thickness and contractility were significantly different between paretic and non-paretic sides (p<0.001). Contractility ratios of all trunk muscles showed a significant correlation with SARA, BBS, TUG, and TCT (p<0.05). Contractility ratios of all muscles were significantly different between high- and low-risk fall groups (p<0.05).Conclusion The contractility ratio in stroke patients reflects their balance disturbance and fall risk and it may serve as a new parameter for ultrasound imaging of trunk muscles.

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Yoshioka, Hideyuki, Toru Horikoshi, Shigeki Aoki, Masaaki Hori, Keiichi Ishigame, Mikito Uchida, Masao Sugita, Tsutomu Araki, and Hiroyuki Kinouchi. "DIFFUSION TENSOR TRACTOGRAPHY PREDICTS MOTOR FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE." Neurosurgery 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000311066.03121.b8.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the predictive value of diffusion tensor tractography for motor functional outcome in a case series of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS Diffusion tensor tractography was performed in 17 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (putamen, nine patients; thalamus, seven patients; combined, one patient) within 5 days after onset. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values along the corticospinal tracts at the level of the hematoma were measured bilaterally, and the ratios of values (hematoma side/contralateral side) were determined as FA and ADC ratios, respectively. Patients were evaluated for motor function on admission and at 3 months after onset using the manual muscle test score and then divided into good (manual muscle test, 4–5) and poor (manual muscle test, 0–3) motor function groups. RESULTS FA ratio measured shortly after the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage correlated well with motor functional outcome at 3 months (P < 0.05) but not with motor function on admission. FA ratios in the group with good motor functional outcome were significantly higher than those in the group with poor motor functional outcome (P < 0.01). The ADC ratio did not correlate with motor function either on admission or at 3 months. All patients with an FA ratio greater than 0.8 had a good motor functional outcome. In three patients, however, motor functional outcomes were favorable even though FA ratios were not high; in these patients, ADC ratios tended to be elevated. CONCLUSION Motor functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage can be predicted by measuring FA values using diffusion tensor tractography.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Manual muscle test'

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