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Journal articles on the topic 'Manual Drilling'
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1
Tei, Matteo Maria, Giacomo Placella, Marta Sbaraglia, Roberto Tiribuzi, Anastasios Georgoulis, and Giuliano Cerulli. "Does Manual Drilling Improve the Healing of Bone–Hamstring Tendon Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Histological and Biomechanical Study in a Rabbit Model." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 232596712091160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120911600.
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Background: Heat necrosis due to motorized drilling during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction could be a factor in delayed healing at the bone–tendon graft interface. Hypothesis: The process of osteointegration could be enhanced using manual drilling. It reduces the invasiveness of mechanical-thermal stress normally caused by the traditional motorized drill bit. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon autografts was performed in 28 skeletally mature female New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A (n = 12), the tunnels were drilled using a motorized device; in group B (n = 12), the tunnels were drilled using a manual drill bit; and group C (n = 4) served as a control with sham surgical procedures. The healing process in the tunnels was assessed histologically at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and graded according to the Tendon–Bone Tunnel Healing (TBTH) scoring system. In addition, another 25 rabbits were used for biomechanical testing. The structural properties of the femur–ACL graft–tibia complex, from animals sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperatively, were determined using uniaxial tests. Stiffness (N/mm) and ultimate load to failure (N) were determined from the resulting load-elongation curves. Results: The time course investigation showed that manual drilling (group B) had a higher TBTH score and improved mechanical behavior, reflecting better organized collagen fiber continuity at the bone–fibrous tissue interface, better integration between the graft and bone, and early mineralized chondrocyte-like tissue formation at all the time points analyzed with a maximum difference at 4 weeks (TBTH score: 5.4 [group A] vs 12.3 [group B]; P < .001). Stiffness (23.1 ± 8.2 vs 17.8 ± 6.3 N/mm, respectively) and ultimate load to failure (91.8 ± 60.4 vs 55.0 ± 18.0 N, respectively) were significantly enhanced in the specimens treated with manual drilling compared with motorized drilling ( P < .05 for both). Conclusion: The use of manual drilling during ACL reconstruction resulted in better tendon-to-bone healing during the crucial early weeks. Manual drilling was able to improve the biological and mechanical properties of bone–hamstring tendon graft healing and was able to restore postoperative graft function more quickly. Tunnel drilling results in bone loss and deficient tendon-bone healing, and heat necrosis after tunnel enlargement may cause mechanical stress, contributing to a delay in healing. Manual drilling preserved the bone stock inside the tunnel, reduced heat necrosis, and offered a better microenvironment for faster healing at the interface. Clinical Relevance: Based on study results, manual drilling could be used successfully in human ACL reconstruction, but further clinical studies are needed. A clinical alternative, called the original “all-inside” technique, has been developed for ACL reconstruction. In this technique, the femoral and tibial tunnels are manually drilled only halfway through the bone for graft fixation, reducing bone loss. Data from this study suggest that hamstring tendon–to–bone healing can be improved using a manual drilling technique to form femoral and tibial tunnels.
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Guo, Peng, Zhongjian Zhang, Xuefan Wang, Zhongqi Yue, and Maosheng Zhang. "A Novel Borehole Cataloguing Method Based on a Drilling Process Monitoring (DPM) System." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 5832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165832.
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Borehole cataloguing is an important task in geological drilling. Traditional manual cataloguing provides the stratification of underground boreholes based on changes in core lithology. This paper proposes a novel borehole cataloguing method using a drilling process monitoring (DPM) system. This DPM cataloguing method stratifies a borehole according to the drilling speed through the rock. A 102 m borehole was drilled and cored in Baota district, Yan’an city, Shaanxi Province, China. The rock-breaking response parameters of the drill bit displacement, drill rod rotation speed and inlet pipe and outlet pipe oil pressures were monitored throughout the drilling process, and the drilling depth-penetration rate curve during the net drilling process was obtained. The changes in drilling speed show that the DPM cataloguing can identify the depths of the layer interfaces of the borehole and describe the stratification. The interface depth values obtained by DPM have little difference from the interface depth values obtained by manual cataloguing, and the errors are between −0.04% and 4.29%. From the DPM stratification results, the engineering quality evaluation of the rock mass can be realized without coring. DPM is fast, convenient, accurate, can greatly improve the efficiency of existing catalogues, and can be applied to scientific research in any underground space. DPM is a measurement-while-drilling technology. According to DPM data, the operating state of a drilling rig and the parameter changes while drilling can be obtained in situ and in real time throughout the drilling process.
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Lan, Pi Xiang, Guo Qing Hu, Xiao Fan Deng, and Feng Yuan Hou. "Upgrading of the Bench Drilling Machine’s Manual Feeding to Automatic Feeding System." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.229.
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Bench drilling machine is compact and flexible. But in the mass production, as the feeding of the machine is rely on manual work, the workers are easily to be exhausted and the manual production is not effective. This thesis gives a brief introduction of process of designing the automatic feeding device which is based on PLC for the Z512-drilling machine. The thesis demonstrates the device’s construction and control logic. This device can save works’ labor, time, easily to be produced and has a valuable application.
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Forsyth, Alison M., Eshwan Ramudu, Helen Louise Hindal, and Dana R. Lazarus. "A Manual Well Drilling Pilot Project: Implementing the Water for All International Method." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2010): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v5i1.2153.
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We established a manual well-drilling pilot project based on the Water for All International drilling method in a small rural community in the Dominican Republic. Water testing for determining the level of biological and chemical contaminants was used to better assess the water needs of the community. For geophysical exploration, an experimental resistivity method and survey of existing wells provided information to better optimize the drilling location. With this information a pilot well site was selected in Tireo Abajo, and over the course of a week a 9 meter-deep well was successfully drilled, cased, and conditioned. The partner family and as many as 40 other members of the community helped to develop and implement this method during every stage of the process. This suggests the potential for a long-term development project that could benefit their community.
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Mamat, Azuddin, Hwa Jen Yap, Chee Hau Tan, and Muhammad Basril Muhammad Asri. "Fixture Design for Outer Skin Aircraft Door Manual Drilling Operation with Finite Element Analysis and Ergonomic Consideration." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4236629.
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Fixture design for dedicated aircraft components is very challenging nowadays due to complexity, process capability, and effect on technical worker health conditions. The proposed fixture design for drilling an outer skin aircraft door will accommodate a design principle of fixture and ergonomic aspect of the technical worker. The proposed design will include the comfort drilling posture and finite element analysis (FEA) on the structure. The step required for the drilling process, starting from loading, locating, clamping, frame rotation, and hole drilling was discussed. FEA analysis shows a maximum value for the von Mises stress recorded was 6.373 × 105 N/m2 at the flange between the frame and vertical stand, and acceptable stress distribution results from the loaded weight of the outer skin aircraft door. A fully functional prototype was developed with a scale reduced to a quarter to verify the design. The developed prototype is successfully showing the capability of the fixture design in providing a mechanism of ergonomic consideration in the drilling of the outer skin of the aircraft door.
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Zhou, You Hang, Hui Guo, Yin Song Dong, and Qi He. "Cluster Analysis for Drilling-Quality Based on the Modified Algorithm of InDBSCAN." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.877.
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To detect the quality of batch drilling quickly，a new approach based on Acoustic Emission signals is presented. The signals’ statistical characteristics are extracted from acoustic emission signals in Time-domain, and then the signals’ eigenvectors are constructed to reflect each drilling process. A modified incremental clustering algorithm InDBSCAN is used to cluster these eigenvectors，and the batch drilling-quality can be analysed indirectly. Calculation and analysis results show that: the conclusion of incremental cluster analysis is more reasonable by the modified incremental clustering method of InDBSCAN. The detection accuracy of the batch drilling-quality is up to 84.3% according to the manual quality inspection.
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Xing, Dongqiu, Lihua Qi, Jing Zhao, and Yi Wang. "The design of computer controlled ground information transmission down platform in drilling." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030904017.
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In order to improve the drilling efficiency and avoid the disadvantages of manual operation, the method of sending the surface intervention instruction with computer instruction is researched. Based on the similarity of liquid flow, a set of hydraulic circulation system is used to simulate the drilling process, selected the key components, designed and built the intelligent drilling system indoor experiment platform; Define different commands with the length of the time and decode them and carried out the sending command experiment. The results show that the platform can successfully send the command to the downhole under the condition of non-stop drilling, which is the attitude intervention, command coding and Weak signal detection in the intelligent drilling system provides a new platform.
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Umbel, Benjamin D., B. Dale Sharpe, Adam L. Halverson, and Mark A. Prissel. "Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy: Loss of Correction with Varying Drilling Techniques." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00471.
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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Surgical correction of Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction typically involves a combination of soft tissue and bony corrections, often including a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO). This osteotomy is often fixated utilizing two parallel screws; however, it remains unknown how much correction is lost based on various accepted drilling techniques for common fixation of this osteotomy. Our cadaveric study compares three different surgical drilling techniques, using two parallel cannulated screws for fixation, to best maintain desired translation of the MDCO. Methods: Fifteen above knee, fresh-frozen, matched pair cadaveric specimens (30 limbs) were randomized equally into three groups. Calcanealosteotomies were performed, followed by manual 10 mm medial translation of the tuberosity. Two parallel 2.5mm guide wires were advanced across the osteotomy site under fluoroscopy. The first group involved a ‘staggered’ drilling technique in which one guide wire was over drilled to the osteotomy site with a 4.5mm cannulated drill and then a 7.0 mm cannulated screw was placed across the osteotomy, followed by a second screw in similar fashion. The second, ‘simultaneous’ group consisted of over drilling both guide wires sequentially followed by placement of both screws. The third control group involved simultaneously over drilling only the near cortex, followed by placement of the 2 screws. Following screw fixation, the calcaneal tuberosity was manually translated in a lateral direction. The loss of correction was then marked and measured in millimeters. Results: All thirty cadaveric specimens underwent standard medializing calcaneal displacement osteotomy without significant variation, or complication. Loss of medialization was measured in millimeters following a manual lateral displacing force after the screw fixation of the osteotomy. The ‘simultaneous’ drilling group experienced the greatest loss of medial displacement with the mean loss of correction being 2.6 mm (range 1.37 - 3.48 mm) following manual lateral translation. The ‘staggered’ group showed an average loss of 1.16 mm (range 0.36 - 2.67 mm). The control group, that simply involved drilling of the near cortex, demonstrated the greatest maintenance of medial displacement with a mean loss of only 0.036 mm (range 0.01 - 0.06 mm). Conclusion: Our cadaveric study comparing three different drilling techniques for maintaining the intended correction following MDCO demonstrates that simultaneous over drilling of only the tuberosity near cortex prior to screw fixation was the most resistant to loss of medial displacement; whereas mean loss of correction with simultaneous drilling of both wires to the osteotomy resulted in the greatest loss of correction at an average of 26%.
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Wu, Jian, and Rong Di Han. "An Analytical Evaluation of Drilling Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.400.
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An analytical model of drilling temperature was developed based on the thermal model of orthogonal cutting and equivalent model. In this model, the element of cutting edge of twist drill was acted as an independent cutting process. The effects of drilling parameters on the temperature were also investigated. Tests were conducted with various parameters and temperature was measured by manual thermocouple method. Results indicated that the predicted results were according to the measured ones; the errors were less than 15%. And the laws obtained by analytical model were the same as that obtained by tests.
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Guo, Jian Ming, Zheng Wang, and Yan Ping Wang. "Study on Intelligent Monitoring and Controlling System in Oil Drilling Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1319.
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With the increase of drilling data scale, real-time optimal drilling engineering seems to be difficult only by manual or traditional computer data, numerical, even simple knowledge processing. In such a case, Integration knowledge system is proven to be helpful in optimal drilling and improvement of drilling efficiency. A integrated and shared platform is built up about multi-source heterogeneous drilling data and information, to establish the conditions of intelligent reasoning; A multi-hierarchy and multi-modality knowledge model is created based on Ontology, they can define the performance, structure, function, axiom and case of glossary in oil drilling optimization domain, and integrate drilling optimization requirement, static and dynamic drilling data and Problem-Solving Method(PSM)；An evolutionary uncertainty reasoning mechanism is built up to integrate rule and case reasoning based on Bayesian Network; An integrated knowledge system is exploited based on the knowledge model of and its reasoning. By application in oil field, the results show its intelligent level and reliability improve clearly, and prove that optimal drilling knowledge model created based on ontology can meet the neets of share and re-usability of knowledge in a special field, and the model has wide application prospects.
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HSU, YEH-LIANG, SHIH-TSENG LEE, and HAO-WEI LIN. "A MODULAR MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC BONE DRILLING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 13, no. 04 (August 25, 2001): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237201000212.
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Drilling tools currently used in surgery depends only on the surgeon's manual skills to stop the penetration when completing a hole. This paper presents a modular mechatronic system for automatic bone drilling in surgery. The development of a “modular system” that is compatible with motor-driven drills that are commercially available, rather than developing a new surgical drill, is emphasized. A fuzzy controller analyzes the electric current consumed by the DC motor of the drill. When break-through is detected, the power will be cut and stops drilling in order to prevent excessive protrusion of the drill bit. In extensive drilling tests on real human skulls, there were no unexpected failure, and the overshoots of all tests were well less than 2mm.
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Volkova, Evgeniya, Aleksey Druzhinin, Roman Kuzminykh, and Vladimir Poluzadov. "Simulation of the preparation and face drilling processes with laser scanning and automated marking of the drilling grid." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017701010.
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The article discusses the methods of calculating the drilling and blasting scheme and constructing a drilling grid, manual and automatic calculation options are compared. A method for automatically constructing a drilling grid based on laser scanning is proposed. Moreover, the proposed method can be implemented using cheap equipment - a laser rangefinder and an Arduino microcomputer. Based on the data of the laser rangefinder with openCV and SciPy libraries, a polygonal 3D model of the face is built. The transfer of the drilling grid to the 3D model is implemented using the bilinear interpolation algorithm. The constructed polygonal model can be improved by making changes to the construction algorithm, since it is developed by the authors and can be further developed. The simulation model is created in Anylogic software and shows the drilling process taking into account the previously calculated drilling pattern. The proposed models can be used as a basis for further research and software development.
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Banjo, S. O., O. O. Joseph, O. S. I. Fayomi, M. Udor, J. O. Dirisu, D. O. Omole, S. A. Afolalu, and I. Osagie. "Evaluation of a constructed manual drilling machine for small scale operation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012194.
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Assadi, Masoud Z., Xinli Du, James Dalton, Scott Henshaw, Chris J. Coulson, Andrew P. Reid, David W. Proops, and Peter N. Brett. "Comparison on intracochlear disturbances between drilling a manual and robotic cochleostomy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 227, no. 9 (June 26, 2013): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411913488507.
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U. Jibrin, Mohammed, Ibrahim O. Abdulmalik, Michael C. Amonye, Mahdi Makoyo, and Akonyi N.S. "Appropriate Technology: Manual Rotary Table Concept for Water Drilling in Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (2014): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11152835.
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Brosque, Cynthia, Gunnar Skeie, and Martin Fischer. "Comparative Analysis of Manual and Robotic Concrete Drilling for Installation Hangers." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 147, no. 3 (March 2021): 05021001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002002.
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Mohd Shukor Salleh, Ammar Abd Rahman, Mohd Fairuz Jaafar, and Salah Salman Al-Zubaidi. "Effect of Drilling Penetration Angle on Delamination for One-Shot Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)." Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.8.1.110.
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Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic is prominent with superb specific mechanical properties that contribute to its application in high technology industries, such as aircraft and automobiles' mechanical structures. These materials are considered hard to cut. The delamination issues frequently arise due to their anisotropy and inhomogeneity. In aircraft manufacturing, thousands of holes are required to assemble the structural parts. Hole perpendicularity issues undoubtedly might happen during manual drilling. The main purpose of this work is to study the effects of various minor slant drilling angles on thrust force generation and delamination by using a special drill reamer. From the investigation, the drilling penetration angle significantly impacted the delamination. The delamination factor for the entry and exit sides of holes relatively decreased from 1.042 and 1.087 to 1.027 and 1.049, respectively, as the thrust force declined from 114.8 N to 106.5 N from 5° to 0° drilling angle.
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Zhang, Ji Ping, Xin Ping Han, Shi Jin Ma, and Zhao Feng Yang. "The Development of the LWD-200B Full Hydraulic Open Cut Mine Drill." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.267.
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In order to improve the technical level, perforation efficiency and ability of LWD-200B full hydraulic open cut mine drill to adapt to the complex geological conditions, we developed LWD-200B multi-function full hydraulic open cut mine drill, the drill has rotary cutting, impact and roller bit drill three functions.The drill travel use hydraulic motor to drive crawler belt running gear, low speed high torque hydraulic motor to direct top drive drilling rod. Pressure and lifting system use a long stroke hydraulic cylinder, wire rope and pulley mechanism, load sensing constant power variable pump , load sensing electromagnetic proportional multi-way directional valve. The control system uses electronic control handle and PLC controller, design pressure, speed, length, temperature sensors etc. and GPS base station, with real-time data acquisition, display, lithology automatic identification, closed-loop feedback control, GPS precise positioning , the manual and automatic drilling, specified depth or level drilling function. It applies to drilling diameter 150mm ~ 200mm blast hole in various types of open pit mine.
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Wu, Zheng, Wen-Long Zhang, and Chen Li. "Automatic Implementation Algorithm of Pressure Relief Drilling Depth Based on an Innovative Monitoring-While-Drilling Method." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 3234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093234.
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An innovative monitoring-while-drilling method of pressure relief drilling was proposed in a previous study, and the periodic appearance of amplitude concentrated enlargement zone in vibration signals can represent the drilling depth. However, there is a lack of a high accuracy model to automatically identify the amplitude concentrated enlargement zone. So, in this study, a neural network model is put forward based on single-sensor and multi-sensor prediction results. The neural network model consists of one Deep Neural Network (DNN) and four Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The accuracy is only 92.72% when only using single-sensor data for identification, while the proposed multiple neural network model could improve the accuracy to being greater than 97.00%. In addition, an optimization method was supplemented to eliminate some misjudgment due to data anomalies, which improved the final accuracy to the level of manual recognition. Finally, the research results solved the difficult problem of identifying the amplitude concentrated enlargement zone and provided the foundation for automatically identifying the drilling depth.
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Chen, Y., M. Wang, C. He, L. Li, and W. Yang. "Development and usage of the digital SAMG system." Kerntechnik 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2019-0114.
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Abstract In order to reduce the work burden during the training and drilling of the severe accident and severe accident management guidelines, and improve the implementation efficiency of the guidelines, a method of digitizing the SAMG program files is proposed. A set of digital SAMG system supported by information technology and combined with software and hardware is developed to transform the manual processes of paper file browsing, data searching, logical judgment and auxiliary calculation into automatic and digital processes, which can be used for SAMG training and drilling, and also for verifying the SAMG execution process and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
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Gao, Jun. "Hole Depth Measuring Device based on Mechanical Wave Reflection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012075.
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Abstract In view of the problems of low efficiency and large human factors in the current quality acceptance of underground drilling construction in coal mine, which mainly depends on the manual counting of drill pipes during drilling withdrawal, a portable drilling depth measurement device is designed based on the principle of mechanical wave reflection in drill pipe string, using the propagation speed of mechanical wave in the drill string and the time of one cycle of mechanical wave back and forth in the drill string, the length of drill string in the drill hole is calculated and the drilling depth is determined. The designed mine drilling depth measuring device is mainly composed of three parts: exciter, probe and host. The key functions of data processing and human-computer interaction are realized by the software and hardware of the host. The field tests in Dafosi Coal Mine and Sihe Coal Mine verify that the measuring depth of the device is greater than 200m and the maximum error is no more than 10m, which can meet the urgent needs of underground hole depth measurement in coal mine.
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Martínez-Santos, Pedro, Miguel Martín-Loeches, Silvia Díaz-Alcaide, and Kerstin Danert. "Manual Borehole Drilling as a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking Water Access in Low-Income Contexts." Water 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071981.
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Water access remains a challenge in rural areas of low-income countries. Manual drilling technologies have the potential to enhance water access by providing a low cost drinking water alternative for communities in low and middle income countries. This paper provides an overview of the main successes and challenges experienced by manual boreholes in the last two decades. A review of the existing methods is provided, discussing their advantages and disadvantages and comparing their potential against alternatives such as excavated wells and mechanized boreholes. Manual boreholes are found to be a competitive solution in relatively soft rocks, such as unconsolidated sediments and weathered materials, as well as and in hydrogeological settings characterized by moderately shallow water tables. Ensuring professional workmanship, the development of regulatory frameworks, protection against groundwater pollution and standards for quality assurance rank among the main challenges for the future.
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Martínez-Santos, Pedro, Miguel Martín-Loeches, Daniel Solera, Beatriz Cano, and Silvia Díaz-Alcaide. "Mapping the Viability, Time, and Cost of Manual Borehole Drilling in Developing Regions." Water 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2017): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9040262.
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Saasen, Arild, and Jan David Ytrehus. "Viscosity Models for Drilling Fluids—Herschel-Bulkley Parameters and Their Use." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205271.
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An evaluation is presented of the practical usage of the Herschel-Bulkley viscosity model for drilling fluids. If data from automatic viscosity measurements exist, the parameters should be selected from relevant shear rate ranges to be applicable. To be able to be used properly, viscosity measurements must be measured with a sufficient accuracy. It is shown that a manual reading of standard viscometers may yield insufficient accuracy. It is also shown that the use of yield point/plastic viscosity (YP/PV) as measured using API or ISO standards normally provide inaccurate viscosity parameters. The use of the Herschel-Bulkley model using dimensionless shear rates is more suitable than the traditional way of writing this model when the scope is to compare different drilling fluids. This approach makes it also easier to make correlations with thermodynamic quantities like pressure and temperature or chemical or mineralogical compositions of the drilling fluid.
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Knop, Krzysztof. "Elimination of constraints in the production process of power equipment components and the analysis of the resulting benefits." Production Engineering Archives 24, no. 24 (September 1, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.24.09.
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Abstract The article presents the results regarding the elimination of constraints in the production process of a power equipment subassembly, a boiler chamber, together with an analysis of the benefits resulting from this, both financial and non-financial. The significance of bottlenecks in the production process, ways of its identification and limitations - in general - are presented. The article is a case-study of an attempt to eliminate the bottleneck in the production process of the boiler chamber, which turned out to be the process of drilling and marking-off, and work stations representing these processes. In order to eliminate the limitation, it was decided to replace the existing tracing and drilling work with a numerically controlled device - a boring machine moved from the liquidated department.. As a result, labor-intensive, manual chambers marking-off and the process of drilling holes with a smaller diameter drill have been eliminated. A number of benefits has been demonstrated resulting from the elimination of the bottleneck in the process, first of all, it was possible to reduce the duration of the marking-off and drilling operations and reduce the costs of the boiler chamber production process.
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Banjo, S. O., P. O. Babalola, I. Osagie, O. O. Joseph, A. B. Williams, O. S. I. Fayomi, C. A. Bolu, and S. A. Afolalu. "Design and development of a table-mounted manual drilling machine for the rural purpose." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012168.
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Sha, Yong Bai, Ji Liang Zhu, Xiao Ying Zhao, and Xiao Peng Wan. "Structural Research of Pipe Automatic Handing System of Land Rig." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.983.
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Pipe automatic handing system is an important part of automation rig, which replace manual operation by using mechanical equipment, and realize the reciprocate transfer operation of drill pipe. It is an effective way to make drilling safe, healthy and efficient. This paper introduces the common structure, the function and the basic principle of the pipe automatic handing system used now, and the different structure are compared.
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Sha, Yong Bai, Ji Liang Zhu, Xiao Ying Zhao, and Xiao Peng Wan. "Column Strength and Stability Analysis of Column Pipe Automatic Transferring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2523.
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Pipe automatic operating system uses mechanical,hydraulic and control technology, replace manual operation by using mechanical equipment,it is an effective way to make drilling safe,healthy and efficient.In the paper,the general mechanical structure,and working principle of the column pipe automatic transferring system of land rig are introduced.The strength and stability analysis of column are presented.provided a way of strength and stability analysis.
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Toconas, F., L. Jordan, and S. Kedda. "A comparison between conventional blast hole sampling and diamond core drilling for copper grade at the Antapaccay mine." TOS Forum 2022, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/tosf.161.
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Even though the sampling technique result in potentially biased samples with poor precision of the metal grade and are classified as specimens and not samples, the manual sampling of rotary percussion blast hole chips is still widely performed in the industry for operational grade control purposes. The objectives of this investigation are to estimate the precision and“bias” of manual sampling by comparing the copper grade results of fifteen (15) diamond drill core samples versus fifteen (15) rotary percussion blast hole drilling chip samples. This also includes the determination of a practical manual sampling template with the highest precision to providean understanding of the distribution of the copper content within the cone of blast hole chips. The contouring plots of thecopper grades provides the selection of the best fit-for-purpose template with regards precision and operational resourcing requirements. The diamond drill core samples take into account the Increment Delimitation Error (IDE) andIncrement Extraction Error (IEE) and therefore can be considered as reference samples for the purpose of this review.
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Rusnaldy, Rusnaldy, Pratama Eka Putra Sijabat, Paryanto Paryanto, and Toni Prahasto. "Effect of Using Coolant on the Formation of Microcracks, Burr and Delamination in Bone Drilling Process." Journal of Biomedical Science and Bioengineering 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbiomes.2021.v1i1.17-26.
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Direct approach for bone fracture treatment usually involves restoring the fractured parts to their initial position and immobilizing them with plates, screws and wires. This approach needs a bone surgery drilling to produce hole for screw insertion. But this drilling process causes mechanical damages, i.e microcracks, burr formation and delamination, that can reduce the stability of the fixation. One of the ways to minimize it is by using coolant. Moreover, it is noted that bone has anisotropic microstucture. The object of this study is to understand the effect of coolant on mechanical damages that occur in bone drilling and to understand the effect of microstructure difference on microcracks that occur in the drilled walls holes. Adult bovine bones and adult goat bones were used in this study as the specimens to represent differences in cortical bone microstructure. Five consecutive holes from the distal to the proximal in each specimen were generated using manual hand-drill (spindle speed (n) = 1000 rpm; drill bit (d) = 4 mm diameter) with the use of coolant as variation. The drilling holes then stained and observed using a microscope. As the result, it was found that the use of coolant can significantly reduce the drilling temperature. Microcracks, burr formation and delamination were found to be quite large in the drilling holes without coolant. However, there is no microcrack found in the drilling holes with coolant, there is only a small number of burr formation was found. In addition, it was found that the differences in bone microstructure affect the number and length of microcracks that occur in the wall of the hole. It can be concluded from this study that the application of coolant is very effective to reduce the drilling temperature and enhancing the quality of the hole generated by bone drilling and the higher the density of osteon in cortical bone, the easier the microcrack to initiate and propagate.
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Santhiarsa, I. Gusti Ngurah Nitya. "Teknologi Hijau: Perancangan Mesin Bor Biopori." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 11, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2018.v11.i02.p04.
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Pembangunan fisik di perkotaan berdampak pada dua sisi, pada satu sisi, sarana prasarana untuk pelayanan penduduk semakin lengkap, dan pada sisi lain, terjadi penyusutan areal terbuka hijau. Salah satu akibat susulan dari penyusutan luas ruang terbuka hijau adalah makin menipisnya cadangan air pada cekungan air tanah. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan pembuatan biopori pada kawasan yang terbangun. Pembuatan biopori bisa dilakukan secara manual yaitu dengan bor biopori manual dan dengan bantuan mesin bor biopori. Proses perancangan mesin bor biopori berdasarkan proses desain elemen mesin, mulai dari analisis karakter kekuatan tanah, analisis gaya dan daya bor, perhitungan elemen mesin yang digunakan, dan pembuatan prototype. Kegiatan perancangan mesin bor biopori telah menghasilkan sebuah prototype mesin dengan daya motor 0,6 kW dan putaran mesin 500 rpm.
Physical development on campus on two sides, on the one hand, facilities for population services are increasingly complete, and on the other hand, there is a shrinking of green open areas. One consequence of the subsequent shrinkage of the wide open space is to deplete the air reserve in the ground air basin. One solution to solve this problem is to make a biopori in the area that is built. Biopori production can be done manually, with a manual biopori drill and with the help of a biopori drilling machine. Soil Surface Control Techniques, Characteristic Analysis, Style Analysis, Style Analysis, Energy Style, and Prototype Making. The design of the biopori drilling machine has produced a prototype engine with a motor power of 0.6 kW and a 500 rpm engine speed.
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Sendyk, Daniel Isaac, Natacha Kalline de Oliveira, Claudio Mendes Pannuti, Maria da Graça Naclério-Homem, Ann Wennerberg, and Maria Cristina Zindel Deboni. "Conventional Drilling Versus Piezosurgery for Implant Site Preparation: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Oral Implantology 44, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00091.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate if the stability of dental implants varies between dental implants placed by piezosurgery compared with those placed by conventional drilling. An electronic search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken until August 2016 and was supplemented by manual searches and by unpublished studies at OpenGray. Only randomized controlled clinical trials that reported implant site preparation with piezosurgery and with conventional drilling were considered eligible for inclusion in this review. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of piezosurgery on implant stability. Of 456 references electronically retrieved, 3 were included in the qualitative analysis and quantitative synthesis. The pooled estimates suggest that there is no significant difference between piezosurgery and conventional drilling at baseline (weighted mean differences [WMD]: 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.09, 9.49; P = .55). At 90 days, the pooled estimates revealed a statistically significant difference (WMD: 3.63; 95% CI: 0.58, 6.67, P = .02) favoring piezosurgery. Implant stability may be slightly improved when osteotomy is performed by a piezoelectric device. More randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Orelaja, Oluseyi Adewale, Xingsong Wang, Donghua Shen, Dauda Sh Ibrahim, Tianzheng Zhao, Umer Sharif, and Ishola A. Afiz. "Comparative Analysis of Cutting Forces, Torques, and Vibration in Drilling of Bovine, Porcine, and Artificial Femur Bone with Considerations for Robot Effector Stiffness." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (October 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817422.
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Bone drilling is known as one of the most sensitive milling processes in biomedical engineering field. Fracture behavior of this cortical bone during drilling has attracted the attention of many researchers; however, there are still impending concerns such as necrosis, tool breakage, and microcracks due to high cutting forces, torques, and high vibration while drilling. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the cutting forces, torques, and vibration resulted on different bone samples (bovine, porcine, and artificial femur) using a 6dof Robot arm effector with considerations of its stiffness effects. Experiments were conducted on two spindle speeds of 1000 and 1500 rpm with a drill bit diameter of 2.5 mm and 6 mm depth of cut. The results obtained from the specimens were processed and analyzed using MATLAB R2015b and Visio 2000 software; these results were then compared with a prior test using manual and conventional drilling methods. The results obtained show that there is a significant drop in the average values of maximum drilling force for all the bone specimens when the spindle speed changes from 1000 rev/min to 1500 rev/min, with a drop from (20.07 to 12.34 N), approximately 23.85% for bovine, (11.25 to 8.14 N) with 16.03% for porcine, and (5.62 to 3.86 N) with 33.99% for artificial femur. The maximum average values of torque also decrease from 41.2 to 24.2 N·mm (bovine), 37.0 to 21.6 N·mm (porcine), and 13.6 to 6.7 N·mm (artificial femur), respectively. At an increase in the spindle speed, the vibration amplitude on all the bone samples also increases considerably. The variation in drilling force, torque, and vibration in our result also confirm that the stiffness of the robot effector joint has negative effect on the bone precision during drilling process.
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Ben Achour, Anas, Carola Petto, Heike Meißner, Anita Mostofa, Uwe Teicher, Dominik Haim, Steffen Ihlenfeldt, and Günter Lauer. "An Experimental Method to Determine the Interstitial Splitting Forces and Thermal Load Input Induced by Self-Tapping and Self-Drilling Bone Screws: A Pilot Study." Biomechanics 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics1020020.
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Background: The aim is to evaluate methods to quantify the interstitial splitting force and thermal load input of self-tapping and self-drilling osteosynthesis screws. Methods: A specialized modular test bench was developed to measure the induced splitting force of self-drilling and self-tapping osteosynthesis screws using porcine mandibular bone. In addition, a fundamentally new approach to measure the temperature near the contact zone of osteosynthesis screws (fiber-optic sensor in the axis of the screw) was established. Results: The self-drilling screw type induces a splitting force of about 200 N in the surrounding tissue, so that microdamage of the bone and increased resorption can be assumed. Even pre-drilling induces a short-time force into the tissue, which is comparable to the splitting force of the self-tapping screw. The temperature increase in the screw is clearly higher compared to the temperature increase in the surrounding tissue, but no significant difference in temperature between the two screw types could be measured. Based on the measured temperatures of both screw types, the temperature increase in the contact zone is considered critical. Complications during the screwing process caused by the manual tool guidance resulted in numerous breakages of the fiber-optic sensors. Conclusions: The developed methods provide additional insight regarding the thermomechanical load input of self-drilling and self-tapping screws. However, based upon the optical fiber breakages, additional refinement of this technique may still be required.
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Dilli Babu, G., K. Sivaji Babu, and B. Uma Maheswar Gowd. "Determination of Delamination and Tensile Strength of Drilled Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.134.
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A study has been carried out to investigate the delamination and tensile properties of drilled composites made by reinforcing the natural fibers like hemp, jute, banana and vakka into a polyester resin matrix. The fibers extracted by retting and manual processes have been used to fabricate the composites. These composites are tested for delamination and tensile strength after drilling and compared with those of established composite like glass made under the same laboratory conditions. The Taguchi method with orthogonal array of L9 (34) was selected to realize the influence of the drilling parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on delamination and tensile strength for various fiber reinforced composites. The results indicate that the delamination of the drilled natural fiber composites were in some cases better than those of glass fiber composites.
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Arnø, Mikkel Leite, John-Morten Godhavn, and Ole Morten Aamo. "Classification of Drilled Lithology in Real-Time Using Deep Learning with Online Calibration." SPE Drilling & Completion 37, no. 01 (November 11, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204093-pa.
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Summary Decision making to optimize the drilling operation is based on a variety of factors, among them real-time interpretation of drilled lithology. Because logging while drilling (LWD) tools are placed some meters above the bit, mechanical drilling parameters are the earliest indicators, although they are difficult to interpret accurately. This paper presents a novel deep learning methodology using mechanical drilling parameters for lithology classification. A cascade of deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained on historical data from wells on a field operated by Equinor. Rather than an end-to-end approach, the drilling parameters are used to estimate LWD sensor readings in an intermediate step using the first DNNs. This allows continuous updates of the models during operation using delayed LWD data. The second DNN takes the virtual LWD estimates as input to predict currently drilled lithology, similar to manual expert interpretation of logs. This configuration takes into account case-dependent [mud, bottomhole assembly (BHA), wellbore geometry] and time-varying (bit wear, wellbore friction) relationships between drilling parameters and LWD readings while assuming a constant rule when using LWD data to classify lithology. Upon completion of training and validation, the system is tested on a separate, unseen wellbore, for which results are presented. Visualizations for true lithology alongside the estimates are given, along with confusion matrices and model accuracy. The system achieves high accuracy on the test set and presents low confusion between classes, meaning that it distinguishes well between the lithologies present in the wellbore. It can be seen that the borders between successive layers of lithology are detected rapidly, which is crucial seen from an optimization standpoint, so the driller may immediately adjust accordingly. It shows promise as an advisory system, capable of accurately classifying currently drilled lithology by continuously adapting to changing downhole conditions. Although we cannot expect perfect estimates of lithology purely based on drilling parameters, we can obtain a preliminary map of the subsurface this way. This novel configuration gives a real-time interpretation of the currently drilled lithology. Thus, the drilling operation can be improved through early information and prompt drilling parameter adjustments to accommodate the current drilling environment.
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Singh, MD, DM, Sandeep, Balram Bhargava, MD, DM, Praveen Aggarwal, MD, Renu Dhingra, MSc, PhD, Arun Kumar Gupta, MD, Rakesh Lodha, MD, Ramesh Agarwal, MD, and Jayant S. Karve, BTech, MDes. "Performance of a novel, manually operated intraosseous device in adult human cadavers." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2018.0283.
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Aim: Intraosseous (IO) access in adults is preferred using semi-automatic devices as it is difficult to penetrate the thick cortical layer of long bones using manual needles. The authors have developed an IO device which generates both rotational and axial thrust using a manual driver. This drilling mechanism addresses certain pain-points of current IO devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of this device in human cadavers.Methods: The authors tested the ability of this device for IO access at proximal and distal tibia in 10 adult cadavers. Needle position was confirmed by fluoroscopy after contrast injection. Needle penetration time—defined as the time required for manual drilling of bone—and the total procedure time were calculated from video analysis. A successful IO procedure was defined as an appropriate needle position without any contrast extravasation, device, or procedure-related complication. After each procedure, the authors recorded damage to the device or fracture of the bone.Results: A single physician performed 40 IO procedures. The IO access was successful in 35 (87.5 percent) and was accomplished in first attempt in 33 (82.5 percent) insertions. Reasons for failure were undershooting of needle (2/40, 5 percent), trocar damage (1/40, 2.5 percent), and detachment of plastic hub of the needle during removal in (2/40, 5 percent) procedures. There were no bone fractures. In all but one instance, needle penetration time was 3 seconds. The mean total procedure time was 40 ± 13 seconds.Conclusion: In this pilot study, the authors have demonstrated the efficacy of a novel, manually introduced IO device in adult cadavers.
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Deal, Philip T., and David A. Sabatini. "Utilizing indicator kriging to identify suitable zones for manual drilling in weathered crystalline basement aquifers." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 11 (October 2020): 100402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100402.
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Wang, Xing Zhen, and Jia Ping Yan. "A Method of Spatial Analysis of Fault Structure Based on 3D GIS." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.13.
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3D GIS is a useful modeling tool, which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the geological modeling, meet the requirements of modeling in complicated geological area. A typical 3D geological model is composed of one or a plurality of stratum, structure, fault etc. In this paper, we divide geological body into blocks, determinate each levels block boundary, build single block model, couple them up in 3D space. Combining with variation characteristics of 3D geological body, by manual interpretation or second derivative method, we get their distribution characteristics of fault unconfirmed by drilling. Through 3D GIS visualization and space analysis, we can not only be facilitate to manage drilling data and visualize underground geological body, but also analyze fault characteristics from a real angle, confirm their boundary, get ore body distribution characteristics, and provide credible digital model for ore grade analysis.
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Yin, Wei Ming, and Han Jie Luo. "The Design of Weighted Mud Automatic Mixing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2448.
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The density and reserve of the weighted mud play a decisive role in dealing with the unexpected oil well blowout, how to quickly mix out the weighted mud with desired density and volume is a problem which is urgent need to be resolve by each drilling crew and the petroleum equipment manufacturing enterprises. On the base of the original manual equipment for mixing weighted mud, this paper designed an automatic control system which can make the weighted mud mixed quickly and automatically.
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Zhang, Ji Ping, Xin Ping Han, Shi Jin Ma, and Jing Cheng Zhang. "Full Hydraulic and Control Systems Application in Open-Cut Mine Drill." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.91.
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The LWD-200B full hydraulic open cut mine drill's hydraulic system uses a variable displacement pump with load sensing constant power, load sensitive electromagnetic proportional multi-way directional valve, high torque hydraulic motor overhead direct drive rotary head, a long stroke hydraulic cylinder and steel wire rope and pulley speed lifting system, hydraulic cylinder to drive the unloading rod mechanism, hydraulic motor driving crawler, double hydraulic cylinder lifting the drill frame mechanism, a hydraulic motor driven cable winding drum, hydraulic legs leveling method. Control system adopts the control handle and the PLC control mode, with real-time data acquisition, computer automatic recognition of lithology and closed loop feedback control and GPS precise positioning function, to achieving the automatic or manual drilling, specified depth or level drilling. Through the test of practice, it is a multifunctional, fully hydraulic, which is intelligent and efficient perforation equipment.
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Cheluszka, Piotr. "Numerical Studies of the Dynamics of the Roadheader Equipped with an Automatic Control System during Cutting of Rocks with Different Mechanical Properties." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217353.
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The process of cutting rocks with a boom-type roadheader results in extreme dynamic loads and vibrations. Mining, especially in the case of hard rocks, is associated with large energy consumption, which, when combined with low process efficiency, can lead to low drilling performance. These phenomena are undesirable because excessive dynamic load leads to low machine durability, as well as deterioration of work conditions and safety. Low mining efficiency affects the economics of mining works conducted using roadheaders. However, these adverse effects can be minimized by optimizing the cutting process, thanks to the automatic control of the roadheader. The present article discusses the concept of automatic control of a boom-type roadheader’s cutting heads movement. Based on previously conducted computer investigations, it was assumed that reducing the energy consumption of the cutting process and improving the dynamic state of the roadheader (objective functions) are possible only by controlling three of the four parameters characterizing the cutting process: angular speed of the cutting heads, boom swinging speed, and cut height. The web of cut and workability of the rock can be treated as variables of a stochastic nature. This paper presents selected results of computer tests during simulated cutting of rocks with different uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) in automatic and manual mode. In addition, the tests studied the behavior of the roadheader during the cutting of rocks with variable workability, which is typical of drilling excavations in a layered rock mass. The results of simulated cutting in automatic and manual mode were compared to assess the effectiveness of the adopted automatic control strategy. It was found that the algorithm developed for automatic control of the cutting heads’ movement allows reducing the consumption of cutting energy by up to half compared to the consumption during cutting in manual mode. Furthermore, it was found to improve the dynamic state of the machine.
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Asma Z. Fadhil, Thuraya Husamuldeen Abdullah, and Hayder Ali. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of transvaginal ovarian drilling under ultrasound guide in patients with resistant polycystic ovary syndrome to clomiphene citrate." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 1556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.1335.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a heterogeneous disorder found in 3% - 10% of women worldwide, and it constitutes about 80 % of anovulation infertility. In cases of resistance to CC surgical option in form of ovarian drilling, for using maneuver with less invasive than laparoscopy we study the effect of transvaginal ovarian drilling under ultrasound guide in patients with resistant polycystic ovary syndrome to clomiphene citrate This study was conducted o evaluate the effectiveness of transvaginal ovarian drilling under ultrasound guide in patients with resistant polycystic ovary syndrome to CC. In this, A prospective, clinical trial study 42 infertile women with PCOS resistant to 3 months course of treatment with CC enrolled in this study. The preoperative assessment includes history, physical examination, the serum levels of FSH, LH, AMH, testosterone, and TVS was done for ovarian morphology. Transvaginal ovarian drilling under ultrasound guide using a needle connected to manual vacuum pressure that punctured each ovary between 3 – 6 punctures. Postoperatively Signs of spontaneous ovulation, levels of FSH, LH, AMH, testosterone, and pregnancy rate were recorded. The results revealed that There is a significant reduction in the level of LH, FSH, Testosterone, and Anti-Mullerian hormones. Signs of spontaneous ovulation was developed, and the pregnancy rate after the operation was recorded. This low cost, no recorded adverse effects, and quickly done manoeuvre has an excellent result in improving fertility rate in resistant PCOS women to CC.
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Salleh, Mohd Norizam, Nuzul Azam Haron, Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri, Abdul Aziz Abdullah, and Nadzrol Fadzilah Ahmad. "A glimpse of horizontal directional drilling productivity factors." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825005006.
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Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless technology provides an installation alternative that offers a lot of benefit compared to traditional open-cut method. It’s called HDD because its steering ability to avoid existing utilities or other obstacles either horizontally, vertically and even pulled back where she got its name. HDD was developed in California in the 1970s and was introduced in Europe in 1986. Since year 1992 up to 2016 there are about 40 thousand unit HDD machine were sold worldwide. Contractors, consultants, municipalities and decision makers are always in difficulties to determine the installation cost and the duration required when using the HDD method due to the presence of many qualitative factors. Understanding the HDD productivity factors will assist the stakeholders to overcome this matter. The aims of this study are to identify the existing HDD productivity factors, identify the factors that affect HDD productivity, identify the current tools that are used by current researcher, and identify the open problems and areas related to HDD productivity for improvement. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried to previous related papers retrieved by a manual search, critically analysed and discussed. Researches regarding HDD productivity conducted by previous researchers were compared and discussed. The studies involved journal articles, conference papers, books, guidelines and etc. Consequently, these previous experiences and models can assist the contractors, consultants, municipalities and decision makers in preparing their costing and scheduling. The lacking factors on HDD productivity factors were highlighted and suggested for futre studies.
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Feder, Judy. "Implementation of an Intelligent Drilling Automation System in the Middle East." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0221-0045-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 203251, “Drilling in the Digital Age: Harnessing Intelligent Automation To Deliver Superior Well-Construction Performance in a Major Middle Eastern Gas Field,” by Brennan Goodkey, Gerardo Hernandez, and Andres Nunez, Schlumberger, et al., prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually from 9-12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. While breakthroughs in digital technology have rewarded many industries with a step change in productivity and efficiency during the past decade, the drilling industry has yet to benefit on a large scale from these advances. The complete paper details the introduction of a drilling automation system (DAS) to deliver superior well-construction performance in a major gas field in the Middle East. The DAS was deployed on two onshore gas drilling rigs. The paper discusses the technology itself, the deployment process, implementation challenges, the agile development model, and the results achieved. Introduction In 2018, Schlumberger partnered with a major Middle Eastern national oil company on one of the world’s largest lump-sum, turnkey gas-well-delivery projects, where drilling operations had already been optimized by targeting high-impact, low-effort areas of opportunity. Drilling automation was pursued to achieve an improvement in performance, specifically to shift the technical limit and to minimize the frequency of service incidents that could cost days of nonproductive time (NPT). An in-house solution under development for some time was designed to take control of the rig’s surface equipment to automate and optimize most drilling tasks and to generate value in the following areas: Automation of drilling actions to perform exactly as planned, within the safe limits of operation, by eliminating the inconsistency of manual operation and its susceptibility to human factors Identification and mitigation of drilling dysfunctions that could lead to costly tool failures and incidents by using intelligence engines that would adapt drilling parameters continuously for best performance Technology Overview The DAS was developed as the execution component of a well-construction platform designed to link planning and execution. The planning component allowed for all well-design stakeholders to collaborate online and create the well plan simultaneously. Once prepared, the plan would be exported to the rig as a machine-interpretable digital drilling plan that the DAS could digest. With the validation of rig personnel, the DAS would then take control of a selection of drilling actions and execute exactly as instructed in the well plan. While drilling, extensive information would be collected to serve as a vehicle to drive performance when planning future wells. In the deployment summarized in the complete paper, a pilot version of the drilling automation module was deployed as a standalone product. The key objectives of design included three categories - dynamic planning, safety and resilience, and interoperability.
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Zhou, Zhijun, Tao Yang, and Haobo Fan. "A Full-Scale Field Study on Bearing Characteristics of Cast-in-Place Piles with Different Hole-Forming Methods in Loess Area." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1450163.
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This paper presents the results from a full-scale field study on the 3 different types of cast-in-place piles: rotary drilling piles (RDPs), manual digging piles (MDPs), and impact drilling piles (IDPs), for a bridge construction project of Wuqi–Dingbian Expressway, in Shaanxi. The results indicate that under the similar conditions, MDP exhibits the largest bearing capacity (11000 kN) in the loess area, followed by RDP (9000 kN) and IDP (8000 kN). And all tested values exceed the estimated value (7797.9 KN), indicating that the calculation formula of bearing capacity recommended by the Chinese standard is safe and conservative. During the load transfer process, the axial force attenuation rate of the pile body increases with pile side resistance. The average attenuation rate of MDP is the largest (24.2%), followed by RDP (19.72%) and IDP (16.69%). The bearing characteristics of these test piles are mainly pile side resistance, but the manual digging method created the least amount of disturbance to the soil around the pile, and due to its hole wall being rough, this enhances the pile-soil interactions. Hole-forming methods mainly affect the exertion of pile side resistance compared with pile end resistance. In view of pile side resistance and pile end resistance not taking effect at the same time, degree of exertion of these 2 resistances should be considered when designing cast-in-place piles in loess areas, and different partial coefficients should be used.
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Boja, Nicuşor, Florinel Boja, Alin Teusdea, Dan Vidrean, Marina Marcu, Eugen Iordache, Cristian Duţă, and Stelian Borz. "Resource Allocation, Pit Quality, and Early Survival of Seedlings Following Two Motor-Manual Pit-Drilling Options." Forests 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110665.
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Afforestation and reforestation operations constitute an important part of the forest management, being crucial for the sustainability of forests. In such operations, there are three options to prepare the planting holes: manual, partly mechanized, and fully mechanized. Given the high cost of mechanized planting and the ergonomic issues of manual planting, one option which is worth exploring is using of augers, because they have the potential to mitigate and/or eliminate intense physical effort and aspects of some of the ergonomic problems. This study examines the early survival of seedlings following the use of augers to prepare the planting pits. Working time, fuel consumption and physical quality of the pits were evaluated on nine sites for two drill types differentiated by their diameter (150 vs. 200 mm). Time consumption was systematically higher when using the larger drill, while fuel consumption was not found to be statistically different. The larger drill systematically produced pits characterized by less physical quality in terms of resistance to penetration and shear strength, but the early survival of seedlings was higher when using this drill size. Survival probability modeled by means of logistic regression showed that pit size was among the factors that may affect the early survival of seedlings. The study concludes that the larger drill would be more appropriate to plant seedlings, but further studies should be arranged to see if long-term survival would be affected in this case.
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Loucas, Marios, Rafael Loucas, Riccardo D’Ambrosi, and Michael Elias Hantes. "Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Anteromedial Portal Versus Transtibial Technique in ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 232596712110245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211024591.
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Background: The drilling technique used to make a femoral tunnel is critically important for determining outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The 2 most common methods are the transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) techniques. Purpose: To determine whether graft orientation and placement affect clinical outcomes by comparing clinical and radiological outcomes after single-bundle ACL reconstruction with the AM versus TT technique. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Articles in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE were searched from inception until April 25, 2020, using the following Boolean operators: transtibial OR trans-tibial AND (anteromedial OR trans-portal OR independent OR three portal OR accessory portal) AND anterior cruciate ligament. Results: Of 1270 studies retrieved, 39 studies involving 11,207 patients were included. Of these studies, 14 were clinical, 13 were radiological, and 12 were mixed. Results suggested that compared with the TT technique, the AM technique led to significantly improved anteroposterior and rotational knee stability, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and recovery time from surgery. A higher proportion of negative Lachman ( P = .0005) and pivot-shift test ( P = .0001) results, lower KT-1000 arthrometer maximum manual displacement ( P = .00001), higher Lysholm score ( P = .001), a higher incidence of IKDC grade A/B ( P = .05), and better visual analog scale score for satisfaction ( P = .00001) were observed with the AM technique compared with the TT technique. The AM drilling technique demonstrated a significantly shorter tunnel length ( P = .00001). Significant differences were seen between the femoral and tibial graft angles in both techniques. Low overall complication and revision rates were observed for ACL reconstruction with the AM drilling technique, similar to the TT drilling technique. Conclusion: In single-bundle ACL reconstruction, the AM drilling technique was superior to the TT drilling technique based on physical examination, scoring systems, and radiographic results. The AM portal technique provided a more reproducible anatomic graft placement compared with the TT technique.
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Grimm, Florian, Georgios Naros, Angelika Gutenberg, Naureen Keric, Alf Giese, and Alireza Gharabaghi. "Blurring the boundaries between frame-based and frameless stereotaxy: feasibility study for brain biopsies performed with the use of a head-mounted robot." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 3 (September 2015): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.jns141781.
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OBJECT Frame-based stereotactic interventions are considered the gold standard for brain biopsies, but they have limitations with regard to flexibility and patient comfort because of the bulky head ring attached to the patient. Frameless image guidance systems that use scalp fiducial markers offer more flexibility and patient comfort but provide less stability and accuracy during drilling and biopsy needle positioning. Head-mounted robot-guided biopsies could provide the advantages of these 2 techniques without the downsides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a robotic guidance device, affixed to the patient’s skull through a small mounting platform, for use in brain biopsy procedures. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 37 consecutive patients who presented with supratentorial lesions and underwent brain biopsy procedures in which a surgical guidance robot was used to determine clinical outcomes and technical procedural operability. RESULTS The portable head-mounted device was well tolerated by the patients and enabled stable drilling and needle positioning during surgery. Flexible adjustments of predefined paths and selection of new trajectories were successfully performed intraoperatively without the need for manual settings and fixations. The patients experienced no permanent deficits or infections after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The head-mounted robot-guided approach presented here combines the stability of a bone-mounted set-up with the flexibility and tolerability of frameless systems. By reducing human interference (i.e., manual parameter settings, calibrations, and adjustments), this technology might be particularly useful in neurosurgical interventions that necessitate multiple trajectories.
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Kalanov, Georgiy, Nikolay Titov, and Victor Shibeko. "CONTINUOUS SCHEDULING IN CONDITIONS OF MASS WELL CONSTRUCTION. PART 1." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2019.4.07.
Full textAbstract:
The article investigates the combinatorial problem of the formation of coordinated work schedules, ensuring the continuous loading of the allocated labor resources for the construction of a group of wells. A parametric mathematical model of continuous scheduling, taking into account a number of restrictions on the organization of the well construction process, is proposed. The model is supplemented with a simple formula for calculating the time characteristics of the well construction depending on the drilling conditions and the drilling crew qualification. The universal nature of the basic model of continuous scheduling allows you to easily transform the model for many practical applications. A multi-criteria algorithm for finding the best planning options based on the methods of dynamic programming and aggregation of the initial planning task taking into account the flow rate of wells under construction is developed. For the selection of alternative solutions, a system of performance indicators and a number of criteria are proposed, taking into account not only the construction procedure and routes of drilling equipment, but also important economic factors, including the time risks of performing planned tasks. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that instead of the "manual" approach to the preparation of a single suitable calendar plan, a methodology for solving calendar planning problems is proposed, based on the development of adequate combinatorial search algorithms.