Academic literature on the topic 'Manual Drilling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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Tei, Matteo Maria, Giacomo Placella, Marta Sbaraglia, Roberto Tiribuzi, Anastasios Georgoulis, and Giuliano Cerulli. "Does Manual Drilling Improve the Healing of Bone–Hamstring Tendon Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Histological and Biomechanical Study in a Rabbit Model." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (2020): 232596712091160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120911600.
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Background: Heat necrosis due to motorized drilling during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction could be a factor in delayed healing at the bone–tendon graft interface. Hypothesis: The process of osteointegration could be enhanced using manual drilling. It reduces the invasiveness of mechanical-thermal stress normally caused by the traditional motorized drill bit. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon autografts was performed in 28 skeletally mature female New Zealand white rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A (n = 12), the tunnels were drilled using a motorized device; in group B (n = 12), the tunnels were drilled using a manual drill bit; and group C (n = 4) served as a control with sham surgical procedures. The healing process in the tunnels was assessed histologically at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and graded according to the Tendon–Bone Tunnel Healing (TBTH) scoring system. In addition, another 25 rabbits were used for biomechanical testing. The structural properties of the femur–ACL graft–tibia complex, from animals sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperatively, were determined using uniaxial tests. Stiffness (N/mm) and ultimate load to failure (N) were determined from the resulting load-elongation curves. Results: The time course investigation showed that manual drilling (group B) had a higher TBTH score and improved mechanical behavior, reflecting better organized collagen fiber continuity at the bone–fibrous tissue interface, better integration between the graft and bone, and early mineralized chondrocyte-like tissue formation at all the time points analyzed with a maximum difference at 4 weeks (TBTH score: 5.4 [group A] vs 12.3 [group B]; P < .001). Stiffness (23.1 ± 8.2 vs 17.8 ± 6.3 N/mm, respectively) and ultimate load to failure (91.8 ± 60.4 vs 55.0 ± 18.0 N, respectively) were significantly enhanced in the specimens treated with manual drilling compared with motorized drilling ( P < .05 for both). Conclusion: The use of manual drilling during ACL reconstruction resulted in better tendon-to-bone healing during the crucial early weeks. Manual drilling was able to improve the biological and mechanical properties of bone–hamstring tendon graft healing and was able to restore postoperative graft function more quickly. Tunnel drilling results in bone loss and deficient tendon-bone healing, and heat necrosis after tunnel enlargement may cause mechanical stress, contributing to a delay in healing. Manual drilling preserved the bone stock inside the tunnel, reduced heat necrosis, and offered a better microenvironment for faster healing at the interface. Clinical Relevance: Based on study results, manual drilling could be used successfully in human ACL reconstruction, but further clinical studies are needed. A clinical alternative, called the original “all-inside” technique, has been developed for ACL reconstruction. In this technique, the femoral and tibial tunnels are manually drilled only halfway through the bone for graft fixation, reducing bone loss. Data from this study suggest that hamstring tendon–to–bone healing can be improved using a manual drilling technique to form femoral and tibial tunnels.
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Guo, Peng, Zhongjian Zhang, Xuefan Wang, Zhongqi Yue, and Maosheng Zhang. "A Novel Borehole Cataloguing Method Based on a Drilling Process Monitoring (DPM) System." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 5832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165832.
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Borehole cataloguing is an important task in geological drilling. Traditional manual cataloguing provides the stratification of underground boreholes based on changes in core lithology. This paper proposes a novel borehole cataloguing method using a drilling process monitoring (DPM) system. This DPM cataloguing method stratifies a borehole according to the drilling speed through the rock. A 102 m borehole was drilled and cored in Baota district, Yan’an city, Shaanxi Province, China. The rock-breaking response parameters of the drill bit displacement, drill rod rotation speed and inlet pipe and outlet pipe oil pressures were monitored throughout the drilling process, and the drilling depth-penetration rate curve during the net drilling process was obtained. The changes in drilling speed show that the DPM cataloguing can identify the depths of the layer interfaces of the borehole and describe the stratification. The interface depth values obtained by DPM have little difference from the interface depth values obtained by manual cataloguing, and the errors are between −0.04% and 4.29%. From the DPM stratification results, the engineering quality evaluation of the rock mass can be realized without coring. DPM is fast, convenient, accurate, can greatly improve the efficiency of existing catalogues, and can be applied to scientific research in any underground space. DPM is a measurement-while-drilling technology. According to DPM data, the operating state of a drilling rig and the parameter changes while drilling can be obtained in situ and in real time throughout the drilling process.
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Lan, Pi Xiang, Guo Qing Hu, Xiao Fan Deng, and Feng Yuan Hou. "Upgrading of the Bench Drilling Machine’s Manual Feeding to Automatic Feeding System." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.229.
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Bench drilling machine is compact and flexible. But in the mass production, as the feeding of the machine is rely on manual work, the workers are easily to be exhausted and the manual production is not effective. This thesis gives a brief introduction of process of designing the automatic feeding device which is based on PLC for the Z512-drilling machine. The thesis demonstrates the device’s construction and control logic. This device can save works’ labor, time, easily to be produced and has a valuable application.
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Forsyth, Alison M., Eshwan Ramudu, Helen Louise Hindal, and Dana R. Lazarus. "A Manual Well Drilling Pilot Project: Implementing the Water for All International Method." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 5, no. 1 (2010): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v5i1.2153.
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We established a manual well-drilling pilot project based on the Water for All International drilling method in a small rural community in the Dominican Republic. Water testing for determining the level of biological and chemical contaminants was used to better assess the water needs of the community. For geophysical exploration, an experimental resistivity method and survey of existing wells provided information to better optimize the drilling location. With this information a pilot well site was selected in Tireo Abajo, and over the course of a week a 9 meter-deep well was successfully drilled, cased, and conditioned. The partner family and as many as 40 other members of the community helped to develop and implement this method during every stage of the process. This suggests the potential for a long-term development project that could benefit their community.
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Mamat, Azuddin, Hwa Jen Yap, Chee Hau Tan, and Muhammad Basril Muhammad Asri. "Fixture Design for Outer Skin Aircraft Door Manual Drilling Operation with Finite Element Analysis and Ergonomic Consideration." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4236629.
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Fixture design for dedicated aircraft components is very challenging nowadays due to complexity, process capability, and effect on technical worker health conditions. The proposed fixture design for drilling an outer skin aircraft door will accommodate a design principle of fixture and ergonomic aspect of the technical worker. The proposed design will include the comfort drilling posture and finite element analysis (FEA) on the structure. The step required for the drilling process, starting from loading, locating, clamping, frame rotation, and hole drilling was discussed. FEA analysis shows a maximum value for the von Mises stress recorded was 6.373 × 105 N/m2 at the flange between the frame and vertical stand, and acceptable stress distribution results from the loaded weight of the outer skin aircraft door. A fully functional prototype was developed with a scale reduced to a quarter to verify the design. The developed prototype is successfully showing the capability of the fixture design in providing a mechanism of ergonomic consideration in the drilling of the outer skin of the aircraft door.
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Zhou, You Hang, Hui Guo, Yin Song Dong, and Qi He. "Cluster Analysis for Drilling-Quality Based on the Modified Algorithm of InDBSCAN." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.877.
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To detect the quality of batch drilling quickly，a new approach based on Acoustic Emission signals is presented. The signals’ statistical characteristics are extracted from acoustic emission signals in Time-domain, and then the signals’ eigenvectors are constructed to reflect each drilling process. A modified incremental clustering algorithm InDBSCAN is used to cluster these eigenvectors，and the batch drilling-quality can be analysed indirectly. Calculation and analysis results show that: the conclusion of incremental cluster analysis is more reasonable by the modified incremental clustering method of InDBSCAN. The detection accuracy of the batch drilling-quality is up to 84.3% according to the manual quality inspection.
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Xing, Dongqiu, Lihua Qi, Jing Zhao, and Yi Wang. "The design of computer controlled ground information transmission down platform in drilling." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030904017.
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In order to improve the drilling efficiency and avoid the disadvantages of manual operation, the method of sending the surface intervention instruction with computer instruction is researched. Based on the similarity of liquid flow, a set of hydraulic circulation system is used to simulate the drilling process, selected the key components, designed and built the intelligent drilling system indoor experiment platform; Define different commands with the length of the time and decode them and carried out the sending command experiment. The results show that the platform can successfully send the command to the downhole under the condition of non-stop drilling, which is the attitude intervention, command coding and Weak signal detection in the intelligent drilling system provides a new platform.
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Umbel, Benjamin D., B. Dale Sharpe, Adam L. Halverson, and Mark A. Prissel. "Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy: Loss of Correction with Varying Drilling Techniques." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2020): 2473011420S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00471.
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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Surgical correction of Stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction typically involves a combination of soft tissue and bony corrections, often including a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO). This osteotomy is often fixated utilizing two parallel screws; however, it remains unknown how much correction is lost based on various accepted drilling techniques for common fixation of this osteotomy. Our cadaveric study compares three different surgical drilling techniques, using two parallel cannulated screws for fixation, to best maintain desired translation of the MDCO. Methods: Fifteen above knee, fresh-frozen, matched pair cadaveric specimens (30 limbs) were randomized equally into three groups. Calcanealosteotomies were performed, followed by manual 10 mm medial translation of the tuberosity. Two parallel 2.5mm guide wires were advanced across the osteotomy site under fluoroscopy. The first group involved a ‘staggered’ drilling technique in which one guide wire was over drilled to the osteotomy site with a 4.5mm cannulated drill and then a 7.0 mm cannulated screw was placed across the osteotomy, followed by a second screw in similar fashion. The second, ‘simultaneous’ group consisted of over drilling both guide wires sequentially followed by placement of both screws. The third control group involved simultaneously over drilling only the near cortex, followed by placement of the 2 screws. Following screw fixation, the calcaneal tuberosity was manually translated in a lateral direction. The loss of correction was then marked and measured in millimeters. Results: All thirty cadaveric specimens underwent standard medializing calcaneal displacement osteotomy without significant variation, or complication. Loss of medialization was measured in millimeters following a manual lateral displacing force after the screw fixation of the osteotomy. The ‘simultaneous’ drilling group experienced the greatest loss of medial displacement with the mean loss of correction being 2.6 mm (range 1.37 - 3.48 mm) following manual lateral translation. The ‘staggered’ group showed an average loss of 1.16 mm (range 0.36 - 2.67 mm). The control group, that simply involved drilling of the near cortex, demonstrated the greatest maintenance of medial displacement with a mean loss of only 0.036 mm (range 0.01 - 0.06 mm). Conclusion: Our cadaveric study comparing three different drilling techniques for maintaining the intended correction following MDCO demonstrates that simultaneous over drilling of only the tuberosity near cortex prior to screw fixation was the most resistant to loss of medial displacement; whereas mean loss of correction with simultaneous drilling of both wires to the osteotomy resulted in the greatest loss of correction at an average of 26%.
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Wu, Jian, and Rong Di Han. "An Analytical Evaluation of Drilling Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.400.
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An analytical model of drilling temperature was developed based on the thermal model of orthogonal cutting and equivalent model. In this model, the element of cutting edge of twist drill was acted as an independent cutting process. The effects of drilling parameters on the temperature were also investigated. Tests were conducted with various parameters and temperature was measured by manual thermocouple method. Results indicated that the predicted results were according to the measured ones; the errors were less than 15%. And the laws obtained by analytical model were the same as that obtained by tests.
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Guo, Jian Ming, Zheng Wang, and Yan Ping Wang. "Study on Intelligent Monitoring and Controlling System in Oil Drilling Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1319.
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With the increase of drilling data scale, real-time optimal drilling engineering seems to be difficult only by manual or traditional computer data, numerical, even simple knowledge processing. In such a case, Integration knowledge system is proven to be helpful in optimal drilling and improvement of drilling efficiency. A integrated and shared platform is built up about multi-source heterogeneous drilling data and information, to establish the conditions of intelligent reasoning; A multi-hierarchy and multi-modality knowledge model is created based on Ontology, they can define the performance, structure, function, axiom and case of glossary in oil drilling optimization domain, and integrate drilling optimization requirement, static and dynamic drilling data and Problem-Solving Method(PSM)；An evolutionary uncertainty reasoning mechanism is built up to integrate rule and case reasoning based on Bayesian Network; An integrated knowledge system is exploited based on the knowledge model of and its reasoning. By application in oil field, the results show its intelligent level and reliability improve clearly, and prove that optimal drilling knowledge model created based on ontology can meet the neets of share and re-usability of knowledge in a special field, and the model has wide application prospects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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FUSSI, FABIO ANTONIO. "Integration of hydrogeological investigation, remote sensing and terrain modeling for the analysis of shallow aquifers in West Africa and the identification of suitable zones for manual drilling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/89448.
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In diversi paesi del mondo la situazione di accesso all'acqua (in termini di quantita' e protezione dalla contaminazione) e' ancora critica. In questo contesto UNCEF sta promuovendo la perforazione manuale (manual drilling) come una valida soluzione tecnica per aumentare l'uso delle acqua sotterranea.
"Manual drilling" indica un insieme di metodi di perforazione che utilizzano energia umana per la costruzione del pozzo. Queste tecniche sono piu' economiche delle perforazioni meccanizzate e facili da realizzare; Sfortunatamente pero' sono applicabili solo in zone con formazioni non consolidate e profondita' dell' acqua limitata.
La cartografia delle zone favorevoli e' stata realizzata in diversi paesi; il metodo adottato pero' ha un approccio qualitativo, dipendente dalla disponibilita' di dati presistenti e con un procedimento poco strutturato.
L'obiettivo di questa ricerca e' lo sviluppo di una metodologia per l 'identificazione delle zone favorevoli alle perforazioni manuali. mediante la integrazione di dati esistenti sui punti d'acqua con parametri derivati da telerilevamento e modellazione del terreno
Lo studio e' stato realizzato in due aree nel quadro del progetto "Use of remote sensing and terrain modeling to identify suitable zones for manual drilling in Africa and support low cost water supply", che ha visto partners di Italia, Senegal e Guinea.
La prima parte si e' concentrata sulla definizione di un modello concettuale semi-quantitativo per la stima della attitudine alle perforazioni manuali, basato sulla conoscenza di profondita' dell'acqua, della roccia, spessore di laterite e della trasmissivita' dell'acquifero superficiale.
Nella parte successiva si e' applicato questo modello concettuale alle due aree di studio. Per questo si sono realizzate le seguenti azioni:
1 - uno specifico software per la elaborazione dei dati dei pozzi e' stato sviluppato, sulla base della struttura dei database esistenti nei due paesi e della esperienza nel trattamento con il software TANGRAM all'Unversita' Milano Bicocca.
2 - Tramite la codificazione manuale e l'analisi automatica si sono stimati i parametri idrogeologici dello strato acquifero superficiale nei pozzi.
3 - Contemporaneamente si sono estratti:
• geologia, morfopedologia, tipo e copertura del suolo, ottenute da mappe tematiche esistenti;
• dinamica della vegetazione, della inerzia termica apparente e dell'umidita' del terreno, ottenute da analisi multitemporali di immagini satellitari MODIS (ottiche e termiche) e dati radar ASAR;
• parametri morfometrici otenuti da modelli di elevazione ASTER.
4 - Analisi multivariata per valutare le relazioni tra queste variabili e i parametri idrogeologici ottenuti dai dati dei pozzi; cio' ha permesso di estrapolare le informazioni sull' acquifero superficiale a tutta l'area di studio, identificando quindi le zone favorevoli.
I risultati principali sono le carte delle zone favorevoli alle perforazioni manuali che sono strumenti essenziali per la pianificazione dei programmi idrici di UNICEF e dei governi locali.
I metodo proposto permette di integrare livelli di informazioni disponibili in ogni regione che hanno mostrato relazioni significative con alcuni parametri fondamentali per la stima della attitudine alle perforazioni manuali (R2 = 0.73 con la profondita' dell'acqua in Senegal) e che quindi possono migliorare la ricostruzione del contesto idrogeologico a bassa profondita', specialmente in mancanza di dati diretti.
Inoltre il software TANGAFRIC potra' essere utilizzato per facilitare la organizzazione e interpretazione dei dati idrogeologici disponibili per altre regioni, rappresentando un valido supporto per le istituzioni locali.<br>In several countries of the World the situation of access to improved water sources (supplying an adequate quantity and protected from contamination) is still critical. In this context UNICEF is promoting manual drilling as a suitable low cost technical solution to increase the use of groundwater. Manual drilling refers to several drilling methods that rely on human energy to construct a borehole and complete a water supply. These techniques are cheaper than mechanized boreholes, easy to implement and able to provide clean water if correctly applied. Unfortunately manual drilling can be used only in areas where formations are quite soft and groundwater is relatively shallow. Mapping of suitable zones has been carried out in several countries in Africa, but previous methods are based on a qualitative approach, depending from availability of data and not structured. The main aim of this research is to develop an improved methodology for the characterization of shallow geological conditions and for the identification of suitable zones for manual drilling, by integrating the analysis of existing information from water point database with parameters derived from remote sensing and terrain modelling. This study has been carried out in two different areas, in Senegal and Guinea (West Africa), in the framework of the UK funded project "Use of remote sensing and terrain modeling to identify suitable zones for manual drilling in Africa and support low cost water supply", within the scientific cooperation of partners from Italy, Senegal and Guinea. The first part of the research focused in the definition of a well-structured and semi-quantitative conceptual model to estimate suitability for manual drilling, based on the knowledge of depth of water, depth of hard rock, thickness of lateritic layers and hydraulic transmissivity of shallow aquifer. In the second part this conceptual model has been applied in the two study areas A specific software (TANGAFRIC) to process borehole data has been elaborated, taking into consideration the existing water point database in both countries and the experience of stratigraphic analysis with software TANGRAM at University Milano Bicocca. Using TANGAFRIC with a procedure of manual codification of stratigraphic data and automatic analysis, it was possible to estimate hydro-geological parameters of shallow aquifer at borehole positions. In the mean time a set of variables have been obtained from three categories of data: - geology, geomorphology, soil and land cover, obtained from existing thematic maps; - vegetation phenology, apparent thermal inertia, and soil moisture, obtained from analysis of multitemporal optical and thermal satellite MODIS data and radar (ASAR) data; - morphometric parameters, obtained from public digital elevation models (ASTER GDEM). These variables have been combined using multivariate statistical methods in order to evaluate their relationship with hydrogeological parameters obtained from borehole data: this analysis allowed to extrapolate the information about geometry and hydraulic parameters of shallow exploitable aquifers with manual drilling from borehole position to the whole study area, and finally identifying those zones with potentially suitable conditions. The final result of this research was a comprehensive mapping of suitable zones for manual drilling in the regions under study. The maps thus produced are important tools for a correct planning of water programs by UNICEF and local institutions. The proposed methodology allows the integration of layers of information available in each region that show meaningful relation with those parameters required for the evaluation of suitability for manual drilling (R2 = 0.73 with groundwater depth in Senegal), therefore they can improve the interpretation of shallow hydrogeological context. Furthermore the software TANGAFRIC could be a valid support to local institutions for the organization and analysis of hydrogeological data.
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Daniel and 吳柏毅. "Vibration Characteristics and Modal Analysis for Manual Drilling Machine." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17827191975540612932.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>模具工程系<br>97<br>This study aims to investigate the vibration modal characteristics of manual drilling machine, combined with experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis to carry out the model verification and discussion. The hammer impact serves as input condition, and signal measured by accelerometer serves as output condition from the machine structure in order to analyze experimental modal. The frequency response function is obtained by experimental measurement, and the modal parameters, such as natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes, are obtained by using curve fitting software. Moreover, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis are conducted according to the numerical solution theory of finite element analysis to obtain the frequency response functions and structural modal parameters, including natural frequencies and mode shapes. Based on the modal parameters from experimental modal analysis, results obtained by two methods mentioned above are compared and verified in order to identify accuracy and reasonableness of theoretical model established by finite element analysis. The equivalent model established by analysis of the actual structure will be applied in frequency prediction analysis of drilling machine design.
Books on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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International Association of Drilling Contractors. Drilling manual. International Association of Drilling Contractors, 2015.
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Lyons, William C. Air and gas drilling manual. 3rd ed. Gulf Professional Pub., 2009.
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Devereux, Steve, and Steve Devereux. Practical well planning and drilling manual. PennWell, 1998.
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Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Borehole Research Group. Wireline logging manual: Ocean drilling programme. Lamont-Doherty Borehole Research Group, 1986.
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A, Luppens James, Wilson Stephen E, and Stanton Ronald W, eds. Manual on drilling, sampling, and analysis of coal. ASTM, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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"drilling manual." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_44026.
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"drilling (practice(s)) manual." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_44055.
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"- Drilling Applications and Sectors." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-11.
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"- Drilling Operations and Methods." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-6.
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Nayak, Arun. "Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling." In Manual on Operative Laparoscopy. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12037_6.
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"- Tests and Measurements." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-10.
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"- Overcoming Downhole Problems." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-12.
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"- Geology and Mapping for Drillers." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-13.
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"- Information: Logs, Records, and Reports." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-14.
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"- A Guide to Rig and Crew Management." In The Drilling Manual. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18303-15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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Lassaline, Anne Marie, and Cathy Fitzgerald. "Water for All International Manual Well Drilling Method." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)63.
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Farmanbar, Pourya, Anne Siw Berge, Olav Revheim, Alexander Chekushev, and Serafima Schaefer. "Digitalized Operation Procedures Provide Rig Automation System with Context to Manage Longer and Broader Sequences of Activities." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208767-ms.
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Abstract The exact definition of all types of activities in well construction, from spud to completion, is an area of great challenges for an automation system to function successfully in. In an operation plan, these activities can be categorized into three subgroups: standard and repetitive sub-activities, customized sub-activities, and manual sub-activities. A digitalized detailed operation procedure (DOP) provides the appropriate context by defining the machine-readable version of these activities. Digitalizing a DOP is achieved by splitting it into individual parts, categorizing them into activities, checks, risks, lessons learned, best practices, and operational parameters and constraints. This paper focuses on manual sub-activities (e.g. close/open valves or nippling up) in which start and end time are acknowledged manually; pre-defined sub-activities (e.g. drilling and tripping) which are defined by repetitive tasks (e.g. drilling, lower string, lifting string and connections); and custom sub-activities (e.g. recording slack off and pick up weight or pressure tests) which can be customized for a tool, company, or operation with limited tasks (e.g. increase flowrate or reduce rotation). Adopting this approach guarantees:An unbroken consistency between the planned, executed and reported phases of an operation as the digitalized DOP is directly connected to the automation system and the detailed log of executed activities are recorded.Enabling automation of longer sequences as the rig state transition between activities is managed seamlessly. This also applies when it is interrupted by manual operations like making up casing hangers.Quality check and improvement of the automatically performed activities by using real-time models. This is not limited to the normal repetitive sub-activities such as drilling or tripping. They can be used for every related custom sub-activity, e.g., hydraulic modelling after the opening of a circulation sub or torque and drag calculations after releasing a liner running tool. Having a software library consisting of categorized, distinguishable manual and automatic activities lets the user describe with precision the operational tasks in a standardized digital format. With each automatic activity being readable and recognizable by the rig automation system, the system can execute longer and broader sequences of activities securely and cost-effectively, where the sequence is well defined.
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Cayeux, Eric, Rodica Mihai, Liv Carlsen, Morten Ørevik, Kjartan Birgisson, and Ronny Bergerud. "A Technical Approach to Safe Mode Management for a Smooth Transition from Automatic to Manual Drilling." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204114-ms.
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Abstract Unexpected situations and system failures during well construction operations are always possible. In the context of drilling automation, or even autonomous drilling, proper automatic management of these situations is of critical importance as the situation awareness of the human operator is very much reduced. The proper management of the transition between automatic and manual modes is necessary to improve the safety of automation solutions. An important characteristic of drilling automation solutions is their ability to cope with unexpected situations. This also encompasses, placing the drilling system in a state that is easy and intuitive for the human operator when manual control is required. Our approach to safe mode management is dependent on a good state estimation of the current conditions of the process. If for any reason, manual control must be regained, then the automated function itself triggers the necessary actions that will ensure a stable current state. In case of a drilling problem or a system failure, the human operator may have to regain control when the context might be totally different from the one left when the automation or autonomous function was enabled. It may even be a different human operator that has to take control, if a crew change has taken place. To make the transition from the automated/autonomous context to manual control, the automation/autonomous system sets the drilling machines in a so-called safe transition state. A safe transition state is one for which leaving the current setpoints of drilling machines untouched for a reasonable amount of time, will not immediately jeopardize the safety of the drilling operation. A safe transition state is contextual as it is not necessarily the same sequence of actions that must be performed to reach the safe transition state every time. The novel safe modes management method is integrated into existing drilling automation solutions. In a drilling automation context, the situation awareness of the human operator is considerably reduced as the automated functions control the process and the human operator is not actively driving the drilling machines. Without active safe mode management, there is a risk that drilling automation solutions may lead to serious situations as the driller may be totally unprepared to regain control in the middle of a critical situation. When it is needed to return to manual mode in the middle of the execution of an automatic procedure, an adequate procedure is executed. The choice of the procedure and its parameters depend on the current state of the process and system.
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Ruzhnikov, Alexey, and Rasesh Saraiya. "Development and Application of Digital Solutions for Automatic Hazard Identification During Well Planning Stage." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209870-ms.
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Abstract Having a good understanding of the offset wells is the key for successful planning and execution of any well, both from the risk management point of view as well as from equipment and operations planning. In both cases of congested or simple fields the amount of the manual work is significant, which further affected by potential human mistakes. The manuscript aims to provide the detailed explanation of the digitalization of the offset well risk analysis (ORA) implemented in several drilling projected, what lead to almost complete elimination of the manual work and allowed to improve the quality and the quantity of the offset data. At the project kick-off the manual work performed by different parties (drilling engineer as well as drilling fluid, directional, bits engineers etc.) was mapped in the different detailed workflows. This allowed to understand the final result of every tasks. As next step the massive database of the end of well reports, post-job reports, daily drilling reports, etc was created with few tens of millions entry points. Further the artificial intelligence in combination with data analytics was used to replicate the previously mapped workflows. As the result entire manual work was replaced by the digital, leading to receive higher number of outputs with superior quality. The direct benefit was a reduction of the time required to get the final result, when previously a detailed analysis was completed in 3 to 4 days, and now it is done within minutes, allowing to dedicate the man-hours to more other valuable tasks. The manuscript provides the novel information on ability to use digital technologies to eliminate manual work and avoid costly human mistakes. The proposed solution can be implemented in any other drilling project worldwide, as well as in any other activity requiring performance of the repetitive tasks.
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Salehi, Mehdi, David Sternkopf, Ruediger Haas, and Eric Schilling. "Design and Development of Novel Lubricant Free Transmission System for Manual Bone Drilling Machine." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2619.
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This paper describes design and development of novel lubricant free transmission system for manual bone drilling machine. In order to design the transmission system, applied forces and torques on the gears has to be achieved. In this regard, bone drilling forces and torques were detected, preforming experimental tests of the drilling operation by CNC milling machine. At this point, various drill diameters and machining parameters were considered. After achieving the bone drilling forces, they were utilized for gears design process. The design process including gear geometry, material and detailed design analysis were done according to German norm VDI 2736 - Part 3. In this context, the mating worm gears materials were selected out of stainless steel 316 and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK), which can reduce weight, noise, moment of inertia, and necessity of lubrication, etc. In order to evaluate the gears performance, numerically and experimentally were performed. The static stress and deflection of the PEEK gear tooth were investigated numerically by finite element analysis. According to the numerical results, each tooth force carrying capacity (until yield stress) were estimated until 302 N. Surface temperature and wear rate for two types of PEEK gears were examined, experimentally, while applying two resistance torque values, 0.75 and 0.5 Nm, to the manufactured transmission system. The selected torques were three and five times bigger than drilling torque values, enabling us to simulate the bone drilling operation considering unexpected loaded in the extreme case, misuse, emergence situation, and degradation. The maximum temperatures of the tooth contour of the transmission system raised to 127 °C. According to the results, the maximum achieved PEEK gear life was 200 minutes for the Natural PEEK polymer at the 0.5 Nm torque.
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Boiadjiev, George, Tony Boiadjiev, Kamen Delchev, and Ivan Chavdarov. "Temperature Control in Robotic Bone Drilling Process." In Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2021) Future Trends and Applications. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001149.
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The bone drilling process is characterized with a set of input and output parameters. The first ones define the conditions of the process execution and the second ones determine the outcome. The input parameters feed rate and drill speed have the most importance for the outcome, namely thermal and mechanical damages of the bone tissue. In manual drilling the surgeon controls the input parameters regarding his experience. The control of these parameters and the achievement of their optimal values can be successfully realized only under robotized execution. This work presents basic characteristics of orthopedic drilling robot ODRO as well as a new drill speed control algorithm.
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Suryadi, Hendrik, Haifeng Li, Diego Medina, and Alex Celis. "New Digital Well Construction Planning Solution: Improving Efficiency & Quality of Well Design through Collaboration and Automation." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205701-ms.
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Abstract Drilling wells with minimum risk and optimizing well placement with the least possible cost are key goals that companies strive to achieve. The major contributor to the successful execution of the well is the quality of the drilling program. Well design is a complex process, which requires full collaboration of multiple domain roles & expertise working together to integrate various well-planning data. Many design challenges will be encountered, such as risk assessments, domain-specific workflows, geological concerns, technology selections, cost & time estimation, environmental and safety concerns. Design process efficiency depends on effective communication between parties, quickly adapting to any changes, reducing the number of changes, and reducing complicated & manual processes. Current existing workflow and tools are not promoting an excellent collaborative environment among the different roles involved. Engineers utilize multiple engineering applications, which involved many manual data transfers and inputs. The different party is still working in a silo and sharing the design via email or other manual data transfer. Any changes to the design cause manual rework, leading to inconsistency, incoherency, slow decision & optimization process, and failure to identify all potential risks, increasing the well planning time. The new digital planning solution based on cloud technology allows the design team to maximize the results by giving them access to all the data and science they need in a single, standard system. It's a radical new way of working that gives engineers quicker and better-quality drilling programs by automating repetitive tasks and validation workflows to ensure the entire plan is coherent. This new planning solution allows multiple roles & domain collaboration to break down silos, increase team productivity through tasks assignment, and share all data. An automated trajectory design changes the way engineers design trajectory from manually connecting the path from a surface location to the target reservoir location to automatically calculate & propose multiple options with various KPIs allowing the engineer to select the best trajectory option. The system reinforces drilling program quality through auto engineering analysis, which provides quick feedback for any design changes and provides an integrated workflow from the trajectory design to operational activity planning and AFE. The automation of repetitive tasks, such as multiple manual inputs, frees domain experts to have more time to focus on creating new engineering insights while still maintaining design traceability to review updates over the life of the projects and see how the design changes have optimized the drilling program. This new solution solves some of the significant challenges in the current well-planning workflow.
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St.Michel, Nathan, Jianhui James Xu, Jonathan Harrist, Guodong David Zhan, and Abdulwahab Aljohar. "Automated Fluid Rheology Measurement at the Drillsite." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211082-ms.
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Abstract With the increase of automation and process control requirements, a good real-time grasp of the drilling fluid rheology has repeatedly been flagged as a key requirement. Unfortunately, drilling fluid rheology is still mostly measured manually and reported only twice a day. Fluctuations in fluid composition and rheology due to wellbore/fluid interaction and temperature/shear/solids effects are generally missed. This paper describes the field implementation and testing of an inline-design pipe rheometer that operates autonomously to continuously measure rheological properties of the drilling fluid in the rig's mud tanks. This data can be used to monitor the stability or indicate changes in these drilling fluids. The system employs a progressive cavity pump to draw drilling fluid from the mud tank and propel it, at varying controlled rates, through two different sizes of pipe. Differential pressure transducers are used to measure the pressure drop over a fixed length in each size of pipe, and this data, along with flow rate, is used to calculate fluid viscosity. All components are installed within a standard ISO shipping container for ease of transport and deployment at the wellsite. It is positioned next to the mud tanks where it continuously samples and measures the drilling fluid. Field test results of the system are presented. The system was operated autonomously on location in Saudi Arabia for an entire drill stage (3.5 days) of 5-7/8" section for gas drilling. In this section, oil based mud was used and measured by the system. The system was controlled remotely via WiFi connection. During the test period, manual viscosity and density measurements were also taken using the Fann-35 and mud balance methods. Subsequent comparison shows excellent agreement between the automated and manual measurements.
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Kiani Nassab, Kazem, Rachit Garg, Veerawit Benjaboonyazit, et al. "Well Design and Engineering Process Automation." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201088-ms.
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Abstract Drilling engineers use several applications to perform well design tasks and to create a final report for review and approval, any changes in subsurface information require revalidation of engineering calculations and repeat of the entire tasks to update the stage-gate report. This is usually a manual, timeconsuming and human error prone process that may result in additional cost and/or prolonged planning cycle time. Moreover, such manual works by individual engineers lead to diversified well design practices and formats across a company which make it difficult for standardization and compliance control. Drilling engineering computer programs are primarily standalone applications that are used for engineering calculations with no continuous workflow in most cases. Well Delivery Process (WDP) is an engineering software solution developed to integrate, automate and standardize well construction planning process across the operating company. The system encompasses several integrated workflows by which users can carry out drilling/completion tasks from feasibility study to concept selection and detailed design as well as operations monitoring and closeout reports on a single digital platform. Furthermore, functions such as engineering calculations, rules validation, offset analyzing, well schematic, risk analysis, checklist, and well program are automated through the workflows and several microservices built on a series of applications. The WDP, based on the company's well design automation initiative, was developed jointly with the service provider using its Business Process Management (BPM) tools. The system integration transforms how wells are constructed and delivered by combining a digitalized planning and design process with engineering models on a single and open cloud-native platform. Several tools and techniques such as design templates, continuous calculations, well cost models, etc. are utilized through integrated workflows to automate well design and process. The solution supports all new wells and leverage data from existing wells to optimize well construction process. As a result, the collaborative well design platform and automation tools take the drilling engineering process to the next level with a better quality well design and a reduced planning time.
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Taugbøl, Knut, Bengt Sola, Matthew Forshaw, and Arild Fjogstad. "Automatic Drilling Fluids Monitoring." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204041-ms.
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Abstract The drilling fluid is the primary barrier against well control incidents when drilling a well in conventional mode and the drilling fluid properties must be correct at all times to prevent well control incidents. Automatic drilling fluid monitoring through automated measuring techniques combined with real time data transfer into control center with 24/7 surveillance substantially improves this control compared to conventional methods relying on manual measurements with long sampling intervals. New measurement devices have been introduced to the industry which measure the drilling fluid properties of all fluid going into the well as well as fluid coming out from the well. Properties measured are among others density and a full rheology profile. The data are transferred to users on the rig as well as directly to onshore operation centers. This highly improves the fluid engineering, enabling a more precise diagnostician and treatment in real time. This also improves efficiency when performing displacements from one fluid system to another. This paper will present new units for automatic drilling fluids measurements and its use in offshore drilling. The surveillance of fluid properties and the use of data at an onshore operation center will be presented. The drilling fluid properties are also detrimental for drilling parameters such as ECD (equivalent circulating density), surge and swab pressures and hole cleaning properties and the added data will improve any estimation of such parameters. The paper will present experiences from use of these data into advanced real time hydraulic measurements and models for automatic drilling control and explain how this can improve safety in the drilling operations as well as improve the drilling efficiency.
Reports on the topic "Manual Drilling"
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Weight, E., R. Yoder, and A. Keller. Manual well drilling investment opportunity in Ethiopia. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.210.
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