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Academic literature on the topic 'Mantle fluids'

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Published: 9 March 2023
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Journal articles on the topic "Mantle fluids"

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Rosenbaum, Jeffrey M., Alan Zindler, and James L. Rubenstone. "Mantle fluids: Evidence from fluid inclusions." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, no. 17 (September 1996): 3229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00167-6.

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Bureau, Hélène, Daniel J. Frost, Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova, Clémence Leroy, Imène Esteve, and Patrick Cordier. "Diamond growth in mantle fluids." Lithos 265 (November 2016): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.10.004.

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Hu, Wenxuan, Xiaolin Wang, Dongya Zhu, Donghua You, and Haiguang Wu. "An overview of types and characterization of hot fluids associated with reservoir formation in petroliferous basins." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 6 (March 15, 2018): 1359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718763895.

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Increasing petroleum explorations indicate that the formation of many reservoirs is in close association with deep hot fluids, which can be subdivided into three groups including crust-derived hot fluid, hydrocarbon-related hot fluid, and mantle-derived hot fluid. The crust-derived hot fluid mainly originates from deep old rocks or crystalline basement. It usually has higher temperature than the surrounding rocks and is characterized by hydrothermal mineral assemblages (e.g. fluorite, hydrothermal dolomite, and barite), positive Eu anomaly, low δ18O value, and high 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the central Tarim Basin, northwestern China serve as typical examples. The hydrocarbon-related hot fluid is rich in acidic components formed during the generation of hydrocarbons, such as organic acid and CO2, and has strong ability to dissolve alkaline minerals (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and alkaline feldspar). Extremely 13C-depleted carbonate cements are indicative of the activities of such fluids. The activities of hydrocarbon-related hot fluids are distinct in the Eocene Wilcox Group of the Texas Gulf Coast, and the Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimusaer Sag and the Triassic Baikouquan Formation of the Mahu Sag in the Junggar Basin. The mantle-derived hot fluid comes from the upper mantle. The activities of mantle-derived hot fluids are common in the rift basins in eastern China, showing a close spatial relationship with deep faults. This type of hot fluid is characterized by high CO2 content, unique gas compositions, and distinct noble gas isotopic signatures. In the Huangqiao gas field of eastern China, mantle-derived CO2-rich hot fluids have created more pore spaces in the Permian sandstone reservoirs adjacent to deep faults.
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Tiraboschi, Carla, Francesca Miozzi, and Simone Tumiati. "Carbon-saturated COH fluids in the upper mantle: a review of high-pressure and high-temperature ex situ experiments." European Journal of Mineralogy 34, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-59-2022.

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Abstract. High-pressure COH fluids have a fundamental role in a variety of geological processes. Their composition in terms of volatile species can control the solidus temperature and carbonation/decarbonation reactions, as well as influence the amount of solutes generated during fluid–rock interaction at depth. Over the last decades, several systems have been experimentally investigated to unravel the effect of COH fluids at upper-mantle conditions. However, fluid composition is rarely tackled as a quantitative issue, and rather infrequently fluids are analyzed in the same way as the associated solid phases in the experimental assemblage. A comprehensive characterization of carbon-bearing aqueous fluids in terms of composition is hampered by experimental difficulties in synthetizing and analyzing high-pressure fluids without altering their composition upon quenching. Recently, improved techniques have been proposed for the analyses of experimental carbon-saturated COH fluids, leading to a significant advancement in synthetic fluid characterization. Here, we present a review of carbon-bearing aqueous fluid experiments conducted at lower-crust and upper-mantle P–T (pressure and temperature) conditions, in which fluids have been characterized quantitatively through ex situ techniques. We review the experimental background of the most commonly employed thermodynamic models for COH fluids, together with the techniques to synthetize them and analyze their composition when the fluid coexists with solid phases. We highlight how a quantitative approach to COH fluid analyses is a fundamental step to understand the effect of these fluids at upper-mantle conditions and to provide a strong experimental foundation to thermodynamic models to ultimately unravel the deep cycling of elements.
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Halpaap, Felix, Stéphane Rondenay, Alexander Perrin, Saskia Goes, Lars Ottemöller, Håkon Austrheim, Robert Shaw, and Thomas Eeken. "Earthquakes track subduction fluids from slab source to mantle wedge sink." Science Advances 5, no. 4 (April 2019): eaav7369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7369.

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Subducting plates release fluids as they plunge into Earth’s mantle and occasionally rupture to produce intraslab earthquakes. It is debated whether fluids and earthquakes are directly related. By combining seismic observations and geodynamic models from western Greece, and comparing across other subduction zones, we find that earthquakes effectively track the flow of fluids from their slab source at >80 km depth to their sink at shallow (<40 km) depth. Between source and sink, the fluids flow updip under a sealed plate interface, facilitating intraslab earthquakes. In some locations, the seal breaks and fluids escape through vents into the mantle wedge, thereby reducing the fluid supply and seismicity updip in the slab. The vents themselves may represent nucleation sites for larger damaging earthquakes.
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Pal'yanov, Yu N., A. G. Sokol, Yu M. Borzdov, A. F. Khokhryakov, and N. V. Sobolev. "Diamond formation from mantle carbonate fluids." Nature 400, no. 6743 (July 1999): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22678.

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KAWAMOTO, Tatsuhiko. "Chemical Composition of Mantle Wedge Fluids." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 124, no. 3 (2015): 473–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.124.473.

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Frezzotti, Maria-Luce, Jacques L. R. Touret, Wim J. Lustenhouwer, and Else-Ragnild Neumann. "Melt and fluid inclusions in dunite xenoliths from La Gomera, Canary Islands: tracking the mantle metasomatic fluids." European Journal of Mineralogy 6, no. 6 (November 30, 1994): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/6/6/0805.

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Frezzotti, Maria Luce, Ernst A. J. Burke, Benedetto De Vivo, Barbara Stefanini, and Igor M. Villa. "Mantle fluids in pyroxenite nodules from Salt Lake Crater (Oahu, Hawaii)." European Journal of Mineralogy 4, no. 5 (October 14, 1992): 1137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/4/5/1137.

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Gao, Yun, Bailin Chen, Liyan Wu, Jianfeng Gao, Guangqian Zeng, and Jinghui Shen. "Mantle-Derived Noble Gas Isotopes in the Ore-Forming Fluid of Xingluokeng W-Mo Deposit, Fujian Province." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050595.

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China has the largest W reserves in the world, which are mainly concentrated in south China. Although previous studies have been carried out on whether mantle material is incorporated in granites associated with W deposits, the conclusions have been inconsistent. However, rare gas isotopes can be used to study the contribution of mantle-to-W mineralization. In this paper, we investigated the He and Ar isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in pyrite and wolframite from the Xingluokeng ultra-large W-Mo deposit to evaluate the origin of ore-forming fluids and discuss the contribution of the mantle-to-tungsten mineralization. The He-Ar isotopic compositions showed that the 3He/4He ratios of the ore-forming fluid of the Xingluokeng deposit ranged from 0.14 to 1.01 Ra (Ra is the 3He/4He ratio of air, 1 Ra = 1.39 × 10−6), with an average of 0.58 Ra, which is between the 3He/4He ratios of mantle fluids and crustal fluids, suggesting that the mantle-derived He was added to the mineralizing fluid, with a mean of 8.7%. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios of these samples ranged from 361 to 817, with an average of 578, between the atmospheric 40Ar/36Ar and the crustal and/or mantle 40Ar/36Ar. The results of the He-Ar isotopes from Xingluokeng W-Mo deposit showed that the ore-forming fluid of the deposit was not the product of the evolution of pure crustal melt. The upwelling mantle plays an important role in the formation of tungsten deposits.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mantle fluids"

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Frost, Daniel James. "The properties of C-O-H fluids under upper mantle conditions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295063.

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REMIGI, SAMANTHA. "On the application of Raman micro-spectroscopy to the characterization of Earth's CO2 fluids." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/325898.

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Questa tesi indaga l'applicabilità della micro-spettroscopia Raman per migliorare la caratterizzazione dei fluidi a CO2 terrestri, intrappolati come inclusioni fluide (FI) nelle peridotiti. Nello spettro Raman della CO2, la distanza delle due vibrazioni fondamentali è densità (d) dipendente, inoltre sono visibili le vibrazioni 13CO2 e 12CO2. Ciò permette alla micro-spettroscopia Raman di avere il potenziale per caratterizzare in situ FI a CO2, consentendo di comprendere meglio i meccanismi di trasporto del C all'interno della Terra. La proporzionalità tra le aree 13CO2 e 12CO2 con la loro concentrazione molare permette di calcolare il δ13CCO2 tramite micro-spettroscopia Raman. I rapporti delle aree richiedono precisione sulla 4° decimale per dare valori di δ13CCO2 rappresentativi dei serbatoi naturali terrestri. Gli spettri Raman sono influenzati da inevitabili effetti casuali che riducono la precisione dell'area. 42 FI a CO2 pura di alta d, provenienti dalla regione del Lago Tana e da El Hierro, sono state analizzate. Per ogni FI sono state acquisite due serie di spettri con tempi di acquisizione diversi. Di 84 serie di analisi, 23 avevano rapporti di area 13CO2/12CO2 diversi tra loro di più di un ordine di grandezza. Questi sono stati rimossi dal dataset. Il 95% dei restanti 61 set aveva riproducibilità dei rapporti di area <≈4‰, consentendo di calcolare valori di δ13CCO2 con precisione <±≈2‰. Solo poche analisi erano caratterizzate da una minore precisione. I valori di δ13CCO2 calcolati per FI nelle peridotiti dalla regione del Lago Tana hanno mostrato un’origine di mantello per la CO2, mentre quelli nelle peridotiti di El Hierro dai valori tipici di mantello. L'accuratezza delle misure è stata verificata tramite spettrometria di massa. Questa ha dimostrato che i valori di δ13CCO2 calcolati erano accurati, e consentivano di modellare la variazione isotopica a scala minerale. L’applicabilità della micro-spettroscopia Raman come densimetro per i fluidi a CO2 è stata precedentemente studiata. Molte equazioni di densimetro calcolano d differenti per gli stessi Δ, con distribuzione grafica bimodale, la cui origine non è stata ben compresa. L'origine di questa distribuzione è stata studiata nel presente lavoro calcolando la d di 40 FI a CO2 pura, provenienti da El Hierro, mediante microtermometria. I Δ sono stati misurati acquisendo spettri Raman con una procedura simile a quella adottata per altri densimetri, con risoluzione spettrale per px ≈1,50 cm-1/px. La distribuzione dei dati Δ-d è stata fittata al meglio con un'equazione polinomiale di III°, permettendo di calcolare le d della CO2 con un errore di ±0.015 g/cm3. L’equazione plottava con quelle ottenute mediante una risoluzione spettrale per px simile. Gli intervalli di confidenza al 95% della distribuzione Δ-d per tutte le equazioni sono stati calcolati mediante un algoritmo statistico. I CI hanno permesso di valutare l'accuratezza dei valori Δ-d e di definire un punto di cut-off al di sotto del quale la potenza di stima della d era bassa. Per tutti i densimetri, il punto di cut-off corrispondeva al punto in cui le distanze relative dei CI erano <7.5% (coincidenti con CO2 gassosa a P-T ambiente). Il confronto tra CI al 95% delle equazioni a bassa ed alta risoluzione spettrale per px ha mostrato che densimetri con risoluzione calcolano d statisticamente equivalente con una confidenza del 95%. Al contrario, densimetri con risoluzione diversa calcolano d non confrontabili. I risultati ottenuti hanno consentito di proporre un metodo preliminare per calcolare in situ i δ13CCO2 con una precisione ≈±2% per il 95% delle analisi. Inoltre, questi hanno migliorato la conoscenza della distribuzione Δ-d dei densimetri Raman, indicando che d di CO2 calcolate per mezzo di equazioni con risoluzione spettrale simile sono statisticamente equivalenti al 95% di confidenza per FI aventi d vicino e al di sopra del punto critico di CO2.
This thesis investigates the applicability of Raman micro-spectroscopy for CO2 density (d) and δ13CCO2 values calculations to improve characterisation of CO2 Earth’s fluid trapped as fluid inclusions (FI) in peridotites. Based on the properties of CO2 Raman spectrum, where the distance of two main vibrations is d-dependent and 13CO2 and 12CO2 vibrations are present, Raman micro-spectroscopy has the potential to become a complementary technique for in situ characterisation of CO2 FI, allowing to better understand the C transport mechanisms within Earth. The calculation of CCO2 isotopic composition by mean of Raman micro-spectroscopy is possible due to the proportionality between 13CO2 and 12CO2 areas with their molar concentration. Calculation of area ratios requires precision at 4th decimal place to obtain δ13CCO2 values representative of Earth’s natural reservoirs. Raman spectra are affected by unavoidable random effects that reduce area measurements’ precision. 42 high-d CO2-pure FI from Lake Tana region and El Hierro have been analysed. For each inclusion, two sets of spectra have been acquired by mean of different acquisition times. Among the 84 set of measurements, 23 were characterised by 13CO2/12CO2 area ratios differing more than one order of magnitude one another. These have been removed from dataset. 95% of remaining 61 sets were characterised by area ratios reproducibility <≈4‰, allowing to calculate FI δ13CCO2 values with precision <±≈2‰. Only few analyses were characterised by lower precision. Calculated δ13CCO2 values for FI trapped in peridotites from Lake Tana region showed CO2 mantle origin, while for those in peridotites from El Hierro differed from mantle isotopic signature. Accuracy of measurement has been checked by bulk measurements, proving that calculated δ13CCO2 values were accurate, and allowing to model δ13CCO2 variations at single mineral scale. The adoption of Raman micro-spectroscopy for calculating CO2 fluid d has been previously investigated. Many densimeter equations calculate different d for the same Δ values, with a bimodal graphic distribution, whose origin was not well understood. The origin of this distribution has been investigated in present work by calculating the d of 40 CO2-pure FI trapped in mantle xenoliths from El Hierro by mean of microthermometry. CO2 FI Δ values have been measured by acquiring Raman spectra applying analytical parameters common to those adopted for other densimeter equations, with spectral per px resolution ≈1.50 cm-1/px. A 3rd order polynomial equation best fitted obtained Δ-d data distribution. Equation calculates CO2 d with an error of ±0.015 g/cm3, and plots with those obtained by mean of a similar spectral per px resolution. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of Δ-d distribution for all the equations has been calculated by a bootstrapping statistical algorithm. CIs allowed to assess the accuracy of measured Δ-d values and define a cut-off point below which the CO2 d estimation power is low. For all the densimeters, cut-off point has been set where the relative distances of computed CIs were <7.5%, which corresponded for all the equations to gas-like CO2 at ambient conditions. The comparison of 95% CIs calculated for high and low spectral resolution per px equations showed that densimeters with similar spectral per px resolution calculate statistically equivalent CO2 d at 95% confidence. In contrast, densimeters with different resolution calculate incomparable CO2 d.Obtained results allowed to preliminarily propose an analytical procedure to calculate in situ δ13CCO2 with a precision of ≈±2% for 95% of the analyses. Moreover, these improved the knowledge about Δ-d distribution of Raman densimeters, indicating that CO2 d calculated by mean of equations having similar spectral resolution are statistically equivalent at 95% confidence for CO2 FI having d values near and above the CO2 critical point.
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Tiraboschi, C. "COH FLUIDS AT UPPER-MANTLE CONDITIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VOLATILE SPECIATION AND MINERAL SOLUBILITY IN THE MS+COH SYSTEM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/260613.

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COH fluids play a fundamental role in many geological processes, controlling the location of melting in subduction zones and promoting mass transfer from the subducting lithosphere to the overlying mantle wedge. The properties of COH fluids are strictly dependent on the composition of the fluid in subduction systems, i.e., the speciation of the volatile components of the fluid itself and the presence of solutes deriving from the dissolution of rock-forming minerals. In the scientific literature, the speciation of COH fluids has been generally determined through thermodynamic calculations using equations of state of simple H2O–non-polar gas systems (e.g., H2O–CO2–CH4), equations that do not consider the complexity related to dissolution processes, which are substantially unexplored in COH fluids and limited so far to aqueous fluids (Newton & Manning, 2002). The aim of this work is to experimentally investigate the speciation of COH volatile components of the fluid and the dissolution of mantle minerals in carbon-saturated COH fluids at buffered fO2 conditions. Our experimental approach relies on two different techniques: i) analysis by means of quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) of the COH fluid from pierced run capsules to retrieve speciation of volatile components and ii) analysis of frozen COH fluid with laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to measure the amount of solutes. Experiments were conducted at P = 1–3 GPa and T = 700–1200 °C using a rocking piston-cylinder apparatus. Mantle minerals in equilibrium with COH fluids are represented by synthetic forsterite, enstatite and natural magnesite. fO2 conditions were controlled employing the double capsule technique and nickel–nickel oxide (NNO) buffer. We also performed a series of experimental runs in the COH-only system in single or double capsules, varying the packing material that surrounds the capsule and the oxygen buffer, to evaluate the differences in COH volatile speciation determined by the choice of the experimental setup. Quantitative analyses of COH volatile speciation were retrieved by piercing the capsule in a gas-tight vessel at T = 80 °C and convoying evolved gases to a QMS through a heated line to avoid the condensation of water. Our experimental results on COH volatile speciation highlighted the importance of the experimental verification of volatile speciation, which can diverge considerably compared to the thermodynamic model (Perplex; Connolly, 1990) depending on the experimental strategies adopted. In particular, when single capsules are employed, the packing material that surrounds the capsule exerts a major control on the COH volatile speciation. Double capsule experiments provided similar COH volatile speciation compared to thermodynamic modeling for what concerned the COH-only system. However, the addition of mantle minerals in the experimental charge at the same P–T–fH2 conditions determines a shift in the COH fluid composition toward more CO2-rich terms. At P = 1 GPa, data show an increase in CO2 of + 11 mol% at T = 800 °C and of + 26 mol% at T = 900 °C in the COH fluid in equilibrium with forsterite + enstatite compared to a pure COH fluid. To evaluate if this shift could be determined by interactions of the COH fluid with solid phases, we retrieved the solubility of mantle minerals in COH fluids through the cryogenic LA-ICP-MS technique described by Kessel et al. (2004). With this method the COH fluid is trapped into a diamond layer, the aqueous part of the COH fluid is frozen to avoid any precipitation of solutes and is analyzed through LA-ICP-MS. Experimental results on mantle minerals solubility in COH fluids suggest that the amount of dissolved material in COH fluids is similar compared to mantle mineral solubility in H2O-only fluid and ranges from the 2 wt.%, expressed as MgO + SiO2, at P = 1 GPa and T = 800 °C, to 12 wt.% at P = 2 GPa and T = 1100 °C for the forsterite + enstatite assemblage. The formation of dissolved species containing carbon, such as CO32- and Mg(HCO3)+ lead to an increase in the amount of carbon in the fluid, but not in CO2 species. In order to get the increase of CO2 that we observed in experiments analyzed through quadrupole mass spectrometry, we suggest a series of possible dissolution reactions involving Mg-solutes, which could lead to increase the amount of CO2 in the fluid. As a consequence, the quantity of CO2 infiltrating into the mantle-wedge could be remarkably high, compared to the COH fluid composition predicted by thermodynamic modeling.
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Amann, Méderic. "Evolution du magmatisme et du métasomatisme dans une marge passive pauvre en magma durant l'initiation de l'accrétion océanique : exemple de la marge fossile de la Platta (Alpes suisses) et comparaison avec le système actuel Ibérie-Terre Neuve." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH014/document.

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Les parties distales des marges passives pauvres en magma représentent la transition complexe entre les domaines continentaux et océaniques. Ces zones encore peu étudiées sont pourtant des endroits clefs pour comprendre les processus impliqués durant les premiers stades de l’accrétion océanique, et plus particulièrement ceux du magmatisme et du métasomatisme. Durant ces premiers stades, ces deux processus sont gouvernés par l’exhumation mantellique. L’interaction entre les liquides magmatiques, les roches du manteau et les fluides marins vont affecter le régime thermique de la marge. De par le monde, seulement deux Transitions Océan-Continent (TOC) ont pu bénéficier d’investigations scientifiques poussées et constituent naturellement les deux sites d’études de cette thèse, à savoir, les marges actuelles conjuguées d’Ibérie-Terre Neuve du sud de l’Atlantique Nord ainsi que les marges fossiles de la Platta et de Tasna, fragments de TOCs de la Téthys Alpine Jurassique. En combinant les études de terrain ainsi que les investigations minéralogiques, pétrologiques et géochimiques, nous avons pu contraindre trois processus clefs se déroulant dans les TOCs. (i) La percolation de liquide magmatique imprégnant le manteau sous-continental hérité dans les marges Ibérie-Terre Neuve permet une refertilisation de ces marges distales. (ii) La transition géochimique visible entre les basaltes des TOCs et les basaltes de dorsales océaniques peut s’appréhender par la fusion partielle du manteau sous-continental refertilisé. (iii) Le rôle des fluides hydrothermaux, ayant des températures comprises entre 60°C et 190°C, joue un rôle sur le métasomatisme de la lithosphère en produisant une intense serpentinisation et rodingitisation, respectivement du manteau sous-continental en exhumation et des dykes basaltiques. Ces températures étant cohérentes avec une exhumation mantellique au niveau du plancher océanique
Distal parts of magma-poor rifted margins represent a complex transition between continental and oceanic domains. These areas remain poorly understood while being a key-place to unravel magmatic and metasomatic processes involved during the first stages of oceanization. At this time, these processes are enhanced by mantle exhumation, and the interaction between melts, mantle rocks and fluids affect the thermal regime of the margin. So far, only two Ocean-Continent Transitions (OCT) have been particularly investigated, namely the present-day Iberia Newfoundland conjugate margins and the fossil analog Platta-Tasna nappes, remnants of the Jurassic Alpine-Tethys OCTs. Studies presented in this Ph.D. thesis have been focused on these two margins. Here, by combining field-works, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical investigations, we have unraveled in OCTs three key-points: (i) The deep porous-flow melt percolation impregnating the long-lived inherited subcontinental mantle in Iberia-Newfoundland margins allow the refertilization of these distal domains; (ii) The geochemical transition depicted from OCT-basalts towards MOR-basalts can be explained by the partial melting of the refertilized subcontinental mantle; (iii) The role of active hydrothermal fluids, on both the exhumed mantle and basalt dikes, lead to the serpentinisation and the rodingitization respectively, at temperature ranging between 60°C and 190°C. These temperatures being consistent with the ongoing mantle exhumation towards near-seafloor conditions
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Davies, Nigel Howard. "Numerical representations of fluid mixing." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1993. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/numerical-representations-of-fluid-mixing(3bf1cb31-ec80-49f2-95ae-a2f56eeeeec2).html.

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The work contained within this thesis is concerned with a theoretical investigatiop of both laminar and thermally driven types of cavity flow, together with an analysis of their associated mixing processes which find applications to Industrial mixing and also to the environment. The mixing efficiency has been viewed from two perspectives namely the tracking of a selection of fluid particles, and also the simulation of the dispersive mixing of a coloured fluid element as carried along by the flow. This thesis also incorporates features of both Newtonian and a wide range of non-Newtonian fluids.
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Freeman, Jonathan. "Mantle-melt and mantle-fluid interactions in suprasubduction zones : evidence from the Troodos Massif, Cyprus." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1220/.

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The Troodos Massif exposes an intact section of harzburgitic mantle from its contact with crustal lithologies to a depth of approximately 3 km, where it is faulted out against a mass of heavily fractured and serpentinised peridotites: the serpentinite diapir. The harzburgites are host to several generations of pyroxenitic and dunitic intrusives, many of which have features suggestive of a reaction relationship with the enclosing harzburgites such as resorbed harzburgite xenoliths and marginal dunites. Mineral chemistry and whole-rock data suggest that the harzburgites in the Troodos sequence are residues from up to 30% fractional partial melting in the spinel stability field. The serpentinite diapir exposes iherzolitic lithologies which can be modelled by 10 to 15% fractional partial melting in the spinel stability field. In both cases, the starting composition for the melt modelling was a fertile MORB mantle source. Deviations from the compositions expected to result from simple fractional partial melting are found in several situations in the mantle section and suggest that melts/fluids interacted with the mantle during and after the partial melting event. Three main situations are identified: i) enrichments in mineral chemistry and whole-rock parameters in specific parts of the background harzburgite section; ii) mineral chemistry enrichments around pyroxenites and iii) the clinopyroxene crystals in the Troodos harzburgites which have LREE/HREE ratios higher than those that could be produced by simple fractional melting models. In the background harzburgites, mineral chemistries were enriched at the top of the sequence (Anomaly 1) and in a layer towards the base of the sequence (Anomaly 2). Pyroxenites also enriched their wallrocks and two trends were identified on the basis of spinel compositions. The Type I trend is of Cr-Fe-Ti enrichment and is similar to the mineral chemistry variations in the Anomaly 1 harzburgites. The melt involved is inferred to be tholeiitic. The Type II trend is of Mg-Al enrichment and is similar to the mineral chemistry variations in the Anomaly 2 harzburgites. The melt involved is inferred to be boninitic. The fact that the lower pillow lavas (LPL) have tholeiitic chemistries and the upper pillow lavas (UPL) boninitic chemistries suggests a link between the melt which crystallised the pyroxenites and the pillow lava sequence. The clinopyroxene trace element patterns from the background harzburgites suggest that the LREE, Nd, Sr and Zr are enriched in these minerals compared to the expected values for fractional melting. The enriched component was modelled from the clinopyroxene data and is similar in trace element pattern to the enriched component in the UPL. This suggests that the addition of the subduction component that has been proposed to explain the UPL chemistries was probably added to the mantle both during and after the melting event which produced the UPL.
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Wiersberg, Thomas. "Edelgase als Tracer für Wechselwirkungen von Krusten- und Mantelfluiden mit diamantführenden Gesteinen des östlichen Baltischen Schildes." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/27/.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden anhand der Edelgaszusammensetzung von Kimberliten und Lamproiten sowie ihrer gesteinsbildenden Minerale die Wechselwirkungen dieser Gesteine mit Fluiden diskutiert. Die untersuchten Proben stammen vom östlichen Baltischen Schild, vom Kola-Kraton (Poria Guba und Kandalaksha) und vom karelischen Kraton (Kostamuksha). Edelgasanalysen nach thermischer oder mechanischer Gasextraktion von 23 Gesamtgesteinsproben und 15 Mineralseparaten ergeben folgendes Bild: Helium- und Neon-Isotopendaten der Fluideinschlüsse von Lamproiten aus Kostamuksha lassen auf den Einfluss einer fluiden Phase krustaler Herkunft schliessen. Diese Wechselwirkungen fanden wahrscheinlich schon während des Magmenaufstiegs statt, denn spätere Einflüsse krustaler Fluide auf die Lamproite und ihr Nebengestein (Quarzit) sind gering, wie anhand der C/36Ar-Zusammensetzung gezeigt wird. Auch sind die mit verschiedenen Datierungsmethoden (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, K-Ar) an Mineralseparaten und teilweise an Gesamtgestein ermittelten Alter konsistent und machen eine metamorphe Überprägung unwahrscheinlich. Aufgrund der Verteilung der primordialen Edelgasisotope zwischen Fluideinschlüssen und Gesteinsmatrix ist ein langsamer Magmenaufstieg anzunehmen, was die Möglichkeit der Kontamination mit einem krustalen Fluid während des Magmenaufstiegs erhöht.

Die Gasextraktion aus Mineralseparaten erfolgte thermisch, wodurch eine Freisetzung der Gase ausschließlich aus Fluideinschlüssen nicht möglich ist. Hierbei zeigen Amphibol und Klinopyroxen, separiert aus Kostamuksha-Lamproiten, in ihrer Neon-Isotopenzusammensetzung im Vergleich zur krustalen Zusammensetzung (Kennedy et al., 1990) ein leicht erhöhtes Verhältnis von 20Ne/22Ne, was ein Hinweis auf Mantel-Neon sein könnte. Kalifeldspäte, Quarz und Karbonate enthalten dagegen nur Neon krustaler Zusammensetzung. Phlogopite haben sehr kleine Verhältnisse von 20Ne/22Ne und 21Ne/22Ne, zurückzuführen auf in-situ-Produktion von 22Ne in Folge von U- und Th-Zerfallsprozessen.

Wie unterschiedliche thermische Entgasungsmuster für 40Ar und 36Ar zeigen, ist 36Ar in Fluideinschlüssen konzentriert. Das 40Ar/36Ar-Isotopenverhältnis der Fluideinschlüsse von Lamproiten aus Kostamuksha ist antikorreliert mit der durch thermische Extraktion bestimmten Gesamtmenge an 36Ar. Argon aus Fluideinschlüssen setzt sich daher aus zwei Komponenten zusammen: Einer Komponente mit atmosphärischer Argon-Isotopenzusammensetzung und einer krustalen Komponente mit einem Isotopenverhältnis 40Ar/36Ar > 6000. Diffusion von radiogenem 40Ar aus der Kristallmatrix in die Fluideinschlüsse spielt keine wesentliche Rolle.

Kimberlite aus Poria Guba und Kandalaksha zeigen anhand der Helium- und z. T. auch der Neon-Isotopenzusammensetzung eine Mantelkomponente in den Fluideinschlüssen an. Bei einem angenommenen 20Ne/22Ne-Isotopenverhältnis von 12,5 in der Mantelquelle ergibt sich ein 21Ne/22Ne-Isotopenverhältnis von 0,073 ± 0,011 sowie ein 3He/4He-Isotopenverhältnis, welches im Vergleich zum subkontinentalem Mantel (Dunai und Baur, 1995) stärker radiogen geprägt ist. Solche Isotopensignaturen sind mit höheren Konzentrationen an Uran und Thorium in der Mantelquelle der Kimberlite zu erklären.

Rb-Sr- und Sm-Nd-Altersbestimmungen erfolgten von russischer Seite (Belyatskii et al., 1997; Nikitina et al., 1999) und ergeben ein Alter von 1,23 Ga für den Lamproitvulkanismus in Kostamuksha. Eigene K-Ar-Datierungen an Phlogopiten und Kalifeldspäten stimmen mit einem Alter von 1193 ± 20 Ma fast mit den Rb-Sr- und Sm-Nd-Altern überein. Die K-Ar-Datierung an einem Phlogopit aus Poria Guba, separiert aus dem Kimberlit PGK 12a, ergibt ein Alter von 396 Ma, ebenfalls in guter Übereinstimmung mit Rb-Sr-und Sm-Nd-Altern (ca. 400 Ma, Lokhov, pers. Mitteilung). K-Ar-Altersbestimmungen an Gesamtgestein aus Poria Guba erbrachten kein schlüssiges Alter. Die Rb-Sr- und Sm-Nd-Alter des Lamproitmagmatismus in Poria Guba betragen 1,72 Ga (Nikitina et al., 1999).

Vergleiche von gemessenen mit berechneten Edelgaskonzentrationen aus in-situ-Produktion zeigen weiterhin, dass in Abhängigkeit vom Alter der Probe Diffusionsprozesse stattgefunden haben, die zu unterschiedlichen und z. T. erheblichen Verlusten an Helium und Neon führten. Diffusionsverluste an Argon sind dagegen kaum signifikant. Unterschiedliche Diffusionsverluste in Abhängigkeit von Alter und betrachtetem Edelgas zeigen auch die primordialen Edelgase.
In the present thesis, interactions of kimberlites and lamproites as well as their constituent minerals with fluids are discussed based on noble gas compositions. The samples originate from the eastern Baltic Shield, more specifically from the Kola craton (Poria Guba and Kandalaksha) and the Karelia craton (Kostamuksha). Gas was extracted by stepwise heating and crushing from 23 whole rock samples and 15 mineral separates. These two techniques allow differential extraction of gas from fluid inclusions (crushing technique) and from the bulk sample (stepwise heating). The noble gas analyses provide the following information:

Helium and neon isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in lamproites reveal the presence of a crustal fluid phase. Fluid interaction probably ocurred already during the process of magma ascent. Interaction after lamproite emplacement seems unlikely. The lamproites and their host rock differ in the degree of fluid-rock interaction, as demonstrated by the C/36Ar composition. In addition, various dating methods (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, K-Ar) yield almost the same age within analytical error. Thus, a metamorphic overprint can be excluded. The distribution of primordial noble gases between fluid inclusions and crystal lattice suggests a relatively slow magma ascent, making an interaction of the lamproitic magma with crustal fluids even more likely. Since noble gases from mineral separates were extracted only by the stepwise heating method, gases stored in fluid inclusions could not be released separately.

Amphibole and clinopyroxene separates yielded a higher 20Ne/22Ne ratio in comparison to crustal composition (Kennedy et al., 1990). This presumably is an indication of a mantle derived fluid phase. On the other hand, neon isotopic composition of K-feldspar, quartz and carbonate separates are indistinguishable from the crustal composition. In comparison to other mineral separates, phlogopite yields very low ratios of 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne due to in situ production of 22Ne, which is a result of nuclear reactions.

The distinct thermal gas release patterns of 40Ar and 36Ar indicates that 36Ar is concentrated in fluid inclusions. The 40Ar/36Ar isotopic ratio in fluid inclusions shows a negative correlation with the total amount of 36Ar released by thermal extraction. Therefore, argon from fluid inclusions is a simple 2-component mixture of air and a crustal component with an 40Ar/36Ar ratio > 6000. It can be shown that diffusion of 40Ar from the matrix into fluid inclusions is negligible.

In contrast to lamproites, whole rock kimberlite samples from Poria Guba and Kandalaksha show clear evidence in helium and, to a certain extentalso in neon isotope ratios, of interaction with a mantle derived fluid phase. Assuming a 20Ne/22Ne ratio of 12.5 for the mantle endmember, a 21Ne/22 Ne ratio of 0.073 ± 0.011 can be calculated. Likewise, the resulting 3He/4He ratio is more strongly influenced by radiogenic helium in comparison to the mean subcontinental mantle (Dunai und Baur, 1995). Such behaviour reflects higher concentrations of uranium and thorium in the magma source of kimberlites than the subcontinental mantle.

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd age determinations (Belyatskii et al., 1997; Nikitina et al., 1999) yield 1.23 Ga for the lamproite magmatism in Kostamuksha. K-Ar dating of phlogopite and K-feldspar provides similar ages (1.19 Ga). K-Ar dating of a single phlogopite separate from the Kimberlite sample PGK12a from Poria Guba, yields an age of 396 Ma which corresponds well with Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages.

Depending on sample age, distinct and partly extensive diffusive loss of helium and neon has occurred, as shown by comparison of measured and calculated concentrations of in situ produced isotopes. Diffusion loss is negligible for argon. This is also strongly supported by primordial noble gas composition.

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Pinto, Victor Hugo. "Linking tectonic evolution with fluid history in hyperextended rifted margins : examples from the fossil Alpine and Pyrenean rift systems, and the present-day Iberia rifted margin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH018/document.

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Cette thèse est centrée sur la caractérisation des traceurs des fluides qui interagissent avec les roches du socle et les roches sédimentaires dans les systèmes riftés hyper-amincis exposés dans la Téthys alpine, les Pyrénées et Ibérie-Terre Neuve. L’étude de ces fluides est basée sur les observations géologiques, les analyses géochimiques et les données géophysiques. Deux types de fluides ont été identifiés : les fluides associés à la croûte continentale, avec une signature caractérisée par Si et Ca, ainsi que les fluides liés au manteau en exhumation, avec une signature caractérisée par Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ni, Cr et V. La percolation des fluides est fortement liée à la formation des failles de détachement et à l’évolution des systèmes hyper-amincis. Le flux de fluides dans ces systèmes a des implications importantes pour les changements rhéologiques, pour la nature des sédiments et pour les modifications chimiques des réservoirs de la Terre
This thesis focus in the identification of geochemical tracers and effects of fluid that interact with basement and sedimentary rocks in hyperextended systems. The investigation of such fluids is based on geological observation, geochemical analyses and geophysical data from fossil hyperextended rift systems exposed in the Alps and in the West Pyrenees, and the present-day distal margins of Iberia and Newfoundland. Two types of fluids were identified during this study. The first type, referred to as continental crust-related fluids, has a signature of Si and Ca. The second type, referred to as mantle-related fluids, has a signature of Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ni, Cr and V. The fluid percolation is strongly related to the formation of extensional detachment faults and the evolution of hyperextended systems. Fluid flow in these systems has major implications for the nature of sediments, rheological changes and chemical modifications of the Earth’s reservoirs throughout its evolution
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Kumagai, Yoshitaka. "Carbon dioxide bearing saline fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths from the Ichinomegata volcano, the Northeast Japan arc and their evolution in the mantle wedge." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199111.

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Pears, M. I. B. "Stall and collapse in mantle plumes : an experimental and numerical fluid dynamics perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465981/.

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Collapsing thermal plumes were investigated through experimental and numerical simulations. Collapsing plumes are an uncommon fluid dynamical phenomenon, usually observed when the heat source is removed. A series of fluid dynamical experiments were conducted on thermal plumes at a variety of temperature and viscosity contrasts, in a cubic plexiglas tank of inner side dimension 26.5cm and no-slip sides. The fluid was heated by a small 2cm diameter heater. Experimental fluids included Lyle’s Golden syrup and ADM’s Liquidose 436 syrup, which have strongly temperature-dependent viscosities and high Prandtl numbers (10³-10⁵ at experimental conditions). Visualisation techniques included white light shadowgraphs and Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) of the tank's central plane. Temperature contrasts ranged from 3-60°C, and two differing forms of collapse were identified. At very low temperature differences stalled collapse was observed, where the plumes stall in the lower third of the tank before collapsing. At temperature differences between 7-23°C normal plume evolution occurred, until lenticular collapse developed between midway and two-thirds of the distance from the base of the tank. The lens shape originated in the top of the head and was present throughout collapse. At temperatures above ΔT=23°C, the plumes followed the expected growth and shape and the head flattened out at the top of the tank. Thermal collapse remains difficult to explain given experimental conditions (continuous heating). Instead, it is possible that small density differences arising from crystallisation at ambient temperatures changes plume buoyancy and therefore induces lenticular collapse. The evolution of the refractive index of the syrup through time to ascertain this possibility was measured. Additionally, SPIV revealed the presence of a large, downwelling, low velocity mass in the tank that inhibited the growth of low temperature difference stalled collapse plumes. In the mantle it is likely that the stalled collapse plumes would be unable to be detected by tomography because they would be unable to traverse far from the thermal boundary layer and would collapse back to the base. This would mean that they would have little impact on redistributing material in the mantle. The plumes in this stalled collapse regime had rise times comparable to diffusion times, which is an additional reason for the collapse. The lenticular collapse in the mantle could cause depletion of a deep-source and redistribute the material in the region where the plume began to collapse with some material flowing back to the base of the mantle. Numerical simulations using Fluidity (Fluidity, is an adaptive mesh finite element package) were undertaken to explore the parameter range where the two collapse phenomena were observed experimentally. These simulated plumes did not show signs of collapse in the purely thermal simulation but at temperature differences up to 14°C the plumes stalled and were unable to ascend to the top of the tank. The aspect ratio of the tank was changed to explore the effect this had on plume stalling. At increased tank height the plume ascended further in the tank whilst the conduit radius remained constant. However, the very low temperature difference plumes remained unable to reach the upper surface of the tank. In contrast, when the tank width was increased the plumes ascended a little further in the tank but stalled at an earlier time and the plume conduit width generally increased. This implied that the tank width was inhibiting the growth of the plume marginally. Therefore, changing the aspect ratio of the tank does not inhibit the stalling of the simulated plumes and is unlikely to be influencing the experimental plumes growth, stalling and collapse.
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Books on the topic "Mantle fluids"

1

Axel, Liebscher, and Heinrich Christoph A. 1953-, eds. Fluid-fluid interactions. Chantilly, Va: Mineralogical Society of America, Geochemical Society, 2007.

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Plates vs plumes: A geological controversy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Vserossiĭskiĭ, simpozium "Glubinnye fli︠u︡idy i. geodinamika" (2003 Moscow Russia). Fli︠u︡idy i geodinamika: Materialy Vserossiĭskogo simpoziuma "Glubinnye fli︠u︡idy i geodinamika", Moskva, 19-21 noi︠a︡bri︠a︡, 2003 g. Moskva: Nauka, 2006.

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B, Holness M., and Mineralogical Society (Great Britain), eds. Deformation-enhanced fluid transport in the earth's crust and mantle. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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B, Holness Marian, ed. Deformation-enhanced fluid transport in the Earth's crust and mantle. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Hauri, Erik Harold. Geochemical and fluid dynamic investigations into the nature of chemical heterogeneity in the earth's mantle. Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992.

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Voorhies, Coerte V. Simultaneous solution for core magnetic field and fluid flow beneath an electrically conducting mantle. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1993.

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Blatter, Daniel. Constraining fluid properties in the mantle and crust using Bayesian inversion of electromagnetic data. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2020.

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Voorhies, Coerte V. Simultaneous solution for core magnetic field and fluid flow beneath an electrically conducting mantle. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1993.

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Keken, Peter Edwin van. Numerical modelling of thermochemically driven fluid flow with non-Newtonian rheology: Applied to the earth's lithosphere and mantle. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mantle fluids"

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Manning, Craig E. "5. Thermodynamic Modeling of Fluid-Rock Interaction at Mid-Crustal to Upper-Mantle Conditions." In Thermodynamics of Geothermal Fluids, edited by Andri Stefánsson, Thomas Driesner, and Pascale Bénézeth, 135–64. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508295-005.

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Lliboutry, Louis A. "Thermal convection in an isoviscous layer and in the Earth’s mantle." In Mechanics of Fluids and Transport Processes, 229–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3563-1_9.

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Unsworth, Martyn, and Stéphane Rondenay. "Mapping the Distribution of Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle Utilizing Geophysical Methods." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 535–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28394-9_13.

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Newton, R. C., and C. E. Manning. "Role of Saline Fluids in Deep-Crustal and Upper-Mantle Metasomatism: Insights from Experimental Studies." In Frontiers in Geofluids, 58–72. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394900.ch5.

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Katsura, Tomoo, and Eiji Ito. "The System MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O at High Pressure: a Preliminary Investigation of CO2Concentration in Mantle Fluids." In High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, 275–81. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm067p0275.

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Manning, Craig E., Everett L. Shock, and Dimitri A. Sverjensky. "5. The Chemistry of Carbon in Aqueous Fluids at Crustal and Upper-Mantle Conditions: Experimental and Theoretical Constraints." In Carbon in Earth, edited by Robert M. Hazen, Adrian P. Jones, and John A. Baross, 109–48. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508318-007.

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Schettino, Antonio. "Flow and Fluid Behaviour of the Mantle." In Quantitative Plate Tectonics, 337–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09135-8_13.

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Bailey, D. K. "Fluid Transport and Metasomatic Storage in the Mantle." In Chemical Transport in Metasomatic Processes, 39–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4013-0_2.

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Eggler, David H. "Influence of H2O And CO2 on Melt and Fluid Chemistry in Subduction Zones." In Crust/Mantle Recycling at Convergence Zones, 97–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0895-6_11.

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Manning, Craig E. "Coupled Reaction and Flow in Subduction Zones: Silica Metasomatism in the Mantle Wedge." In Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks, 139–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1533-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mantle fluids"

1

Burgess, R., and G. Turner. "Halogen geochemistry of mantle fluids in diamond." In Volatiles in the Earth and solar system. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48753.

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Matthews, Simon, and Dimitri A. Sverjensky. "Modelling Zr Transport in Crustal and Mantle Fluids." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1747.

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Hunt, Lindsey E., and William M. Lamb. "USING MINERAL EQUILIBRIA TO CONSTRAIN THE NATURE OF MANTLE FLUIDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284074.

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de Obeso, Juan Carlos, Peter Kelemen, Manuel D. Menzel, Craig Manning, Marguerite Godard, Louise Bolge, James Andrew Leong, and Yue Cai. "Deep sourced fluids for peridotite carbonation in the shallow mantle wedge." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10623.

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Wang, Kun, and Dmitri Ionov. "Potassium isotope evidence for slab-derived fluids in the sub-arc mantle." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9823.

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Kempton, Pamela D., Ryan Mathur, and Grant Zweifelhofer. "CU-ISOTOPE HETEROGENEITY IN THE LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE: A ROLE FOR SUBDUCTION-DERIVED FLUIDS?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318235.

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Hartley, Elena Sohn, Ines Pereira, Evan D. Cameron, F. Zeb Page, Craig Storey, and John Valley. "TRACING MANTLE FLUIDS: TRACE ELEMENT SIGNALS IN METASOMATIC GARNET IN QUARTZITES FROM THE CATALINA SCHIST (CALIFORNIA, USA)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302998.

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Teboul, Pierre-Alexandre, Neilma Lima, Eric Gaucher, and Laury Araujo. "Fluid/rock interaction in extensional setting: a complex contribution from exhumed mantle and crustal fluids – Case study of the Aptian “Pre-salt” carbonates." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10164.

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Scott, Brandt E., Dennis L. Newell, and Micah J. Jessup. "TRACING VOLATILE AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY WITHIN MANTLE- AND SLAB-DERIVED FLUIDS IN A FLAT-SLAB SUBDUCTION ZONE, PERU." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-295791.

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Abe, Ryuta, Yuji Tasaka, Ichiro Kumagai, Yuichi Murai, and Takatoshi Yanagisawa. "Dynamics of Cell Pattern Formation in Internally Heated Convection Viewed From Local to Global Particle Image Thermometry." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-11014.

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Internally heated convection is a fundamental phenomenon, largely governing the dynamics of natural systems such as the atmosphere and Earth’s mantle. It also plays an important role in industrial applications. Here we have investigated the separation of the top thermal boundary layer in order to understand the cell enlargement and the dynamics of the cell pattern formation. To observe the development of the thermal boundary layer non-invasively, the temperature distribution of the vertical plane in a convective cell was visualized by particle image thermometry (PIT). Micro-encapsulated thermo-chromic liquid crystals (TLCs) were seeded in the test fluid and illuminated by a white light sheet, and scattering light was taken by a digital camera. For quantitative temperature measurement, we have calibrated the temperature changes with the variation of the hue color component. The development of the thermal boundary layer with respect to the Rayleigh number has been investigated. The results show the local Rayleigh number determined from the thickness of the thermal boundary layer, which increases towards a critical local Rayleigh number ∼600.
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Reports on the topic "Mantle fluids"

1

Aulstead, K. L., and R. Spencer. Fluid Inclusion Evidence On the Diagenesis of the Manetoe Facies, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130032.

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Welp, Timothy, and Michael Tubman. Present practice of using nautical depth to manage navigation channels in the presence of fluid mud. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22539.

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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Matte, S., M. Constantin, and R. Stevenson. Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the Kipawa syenite complex, Quebec: implications for rare-earth element deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329212.

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The Kipawa rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the Parautochton zone of the Grenville Province 55 km south of the boundary with the Superior Province. The deposit is part of the Kipawa syenite complex of peralkaline syenites, gneisses, and amphibolites that are intercalated with calc-silicate rocks and marbles overlain by a peralkaline gneissic granite. The REE deposit is principally composed of eudialyte, mosandrite and britholite, and less abundant minerals such as xenotime, monazite or euxenite. The Kipawa Complex outcrops as a series of thin, folded sheet imbricates located between regional metasediments, suggesting a regional tectonic control. Several hypotheses for the origin of the complex have been suggested: crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas, crustal melting, fluid alteration, metamorphism, and hydrothermal activity. Our objective is to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic composition of the Kipawa complex in order to improve our understanding of the formation and the post-formation processes, and the age of the complex. The complex has been deformed and metamorphosed with evidence of melting-recrystallization textures among REE and Zr rich magmatic and post magmatic minerals. Major and trace element geochemistry obtained by ICP-MS suggest that syenites, granites and monzonite of the complex have within-plate A2 type anorogenic signatures, and our analyses indicate a strong crustal signature based on TIMS whole rock Nd isotopes. We have analyzed zircon grains by SEM, EPMA, ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS coupled with laser ablation (Lu-Hf). Initial isotopic results also support a strong crustal signature. Taken together, these results suggest that alkaline magmas of the Kipawa complex/deposit could have formed by partial melting of the mantle followed by strong crustal contamination or by melting of metasomatized continental crust. These processes and origins strongly differ compare to most alkaline complexes in the world. Additional TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses are planned to investigate whether all lithologies share the same strong crustal signature.
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