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1
Dowd, Kevin William. "The social and political activity of the Cadbury family : a study in manipulative capitalism." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42781.
Abstract:
This study had its origins in my Master of Education dissertation analysing the role of the Cadbury family and their business, Cadbury Bros Ltd., in initiating and supporting post elementary educational schemes in the Bournville area of south Birmingham during the inter-war years, schemes which were implemented either as vocational training for their business work force, or which provided a more general schooling at the local authority's Bournville Day Continuation School, many of whose students were also Cadbury employees. However, whilst undertaking this research it became evident that, although both the Cadbury family and business had exercised considerable influence in introducing and sustaining these schemes, this was nevertheless, neither the beginning nor the sum of their involvement in social policy and, indeed, social engineering: it was an involvement which embraced a much wider range of social provision and one which required a far more substantial consideration to reveal the full nature and extent of this Cadbury participation and influence. Accordingly, this research project set out to explore the nature and extent of the social involvement of the Cadburys. It draws on late Victorian and early 20th Century material, including the Cadbury Papers held at Birmingham Central Library, together with contemporary documents at both the Selly Oak Colleges they founded and from many agencies with whom the Cadburys collaborated. The central contention of this thesis is that, throughout this period, the Cadbury family and their close associates exercised a considerable influence on Britain's social and political life. This influence, traditionally either unacknowledged or portrayed as political altruism, had the effect, locally and nationally, of steering both the working class populace and the largest of the newly emerging left wing political parties away from seeking the most radical changes to the existing economic order, in favour of more moderate reforms which left this system not only essentially intact, but even more profitable for industrialists such as the Cadburys. This programme included both establishing their own initiatives and supporting those of other who shared their social and political aims, and had a direct bearing on many areas of the urban populace's life, including education, housing, public health and recreation. This process was in turn facilitated by the desire of leading members of the Cadbury group to adopt a significantly more prominent public profile, as they accepted positions of power within local voluntary and municipal bodies, all of which promoted moderate political perspectives, encouraged belief in the apolitical nature of the state and frequently sought to amend working class behaviour and manipulate their financial insecurities in the interests of both the nation's industrial efficiency and industrialists. Specifically, this programme was instigated to counter the ostensibly increasing physical and mental deterioration of Britain's working class (factory) populace and the apparent weakening of traditional mechanisms of social control, including religion, over this populace, two particularly prevalent perceptions and concerns shared by both the Cadburys and many contemporary social commentators and reformers. Furthermore, this activism had a distinctly national dimension, the Cadbury initiatives being heralded as models for widespread emulation, whilst their financial patronage enabled the policies which formed the essence of their social philosophy to be more effectively pursued, this patronage being of considerable significance in the Liberal Party"s 1906 election victory. Such overt and covert activism effectively established the Cadburys in the vanguard of contemporary social reformers. Indeed, this thesis illustrates the central role and impact of the Cadburys in responding to those developments they perceived as threatening their own and the nation's industrial and financial security, through the implementation of a coherent social programme, complemented and supplemented by the support they provided to a network of interrelated sympathetic politicians and activists.
2
Petersson, Malin, and Caroline Bäckström. "How does a Government Lower Primary School in India work with mathematics? - A study on how the teachers’ mathematical beliefs affect the norms operating in the classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35819.
Abstract:
Denna studie beskriver hur en kommunal grundskola i sydvästra Indien undervisar matematik.Vår frågeställning var: Hur fungerar en indisk statlig grundskola arbetar med matematik? Vilka är lärarnas uppfattningar om skolans sätt att undervisa? För att ha möjlighet att fördjupa oss i frågorna undersökte vi även Hur lärarnas föreställningar om matematik påverkar normerna i klassrummet utifrån ramen av Yack och Cobbs normteori. Det är en kvalitativ studie där vi utförde observationer av undervisningen och intervjuer med lärare och rektorn på skolan om deras syn på matematikundervisningen, under tre veckor. Vi samlade också information om och dokumenterade deras matematikverkstad.Utifrån våra intervjuer och observationer kunde vi dra slutsatsen att samtliga på skolan arbetade med en aktivitetsbaserad undervisning där matematik lärs med hjälp av manipulativt, laborativt material. De arbetade tillsammans i ett arbetslag med en strävan att uppfylla läroplanens mål och med en gemensam arbetsmetod. Vi fann också att lärarnas värderingar och föreställningar om hur matematik ska läras ut, påverkar de normer som verkar i klassrummet.Denna studie kan inte generaliserbar eftersom detta är en fallstudie på denna skola. Dock förespråkar den indiska läroplanen att undervisningen ska ske utifrån elevnära aktiviteter, men matematikverkstaden på denna skola var speciell och utvecklad på denna skola.For our study, we visited a Government Lower Primary School in India to inquiry about how a school in another schooling context teaches mathematics. Our research questions were: How does an Indian Government Lower Primary School work with mathematics? What are the teachers' perceptions of the school’s teaching approach? In addition to these questions and to inquire deeper into this subject, we also investigated How do the teachers’ perceptions and method of teaching connect to Yackel and Cobb’s framework of the different kinds of norms operating in the classroom?We did a qualitative study, staying at the school for three weeks to interview teachers about their method of teaching mathematics as well as observing how they were teaching mathematics and the norms that operated in the classroom. We also gathered information about their mathematics laboratory. During our interviews and observations we came to the conclusion that the school worked with activity-based learning by using manipulative materials. All teachers as well as the principal cooperatively strived to meet the curricula objectives, with the same teaching approach. We also found that the teachers’ values and beliefs about how mathematics should be taught, affect the norms operating in the classroom.This study cannot be generalised for all schools in India or even in this area. This study is a minor study which only considered one particular school which used an interesting teaching method, activity-based learning with manipulatives.
3
Abakar, Seye N'Dèye Yacine Mar. "Contribution à la production d’une ingénierie didactique en biologie en Centrafrique : cas de l’enseignement de la génétique au secondaire en tenant compte des contraintes locales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BRES0081.
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Cette thèse porte sur la conception et l’analyse de situations d’enseignement-apprentissage de la génétique en classe au collège et au lycée en République centrafricaine. Elle vise l’amélioration du système éducatif centrafricain par le développement d’activités pratiques tenant compte des contraintes locales. L’analyse de situations ordinaires d’enseignement en classe de troisième a montré l’absence de préconisations de démarches d’investigation dans les curriculums. Nous avons également mis en évidence l’inexistence d’un réel milieu didactique pour l’étude de la duplication des chromatides des chromosomes qui précède la division cellulaire, appelée mitose ou reproduction conforme. Nous avons donc proposé une situation intégrant une activité manipulatoire en génétique mobilisant un matériel didactique de fabrication locale et adapté au contexte centrafricain. Ce matériel composé de barres de bois peintes modélisant des gênes, que les élèves sont invités à manipuler et constitue ainsi un milieu pour l’apprentissage.La recherche montre que l’activité manipulatoire testée en 2021 en classe de troisième a contribué à la compréhension par les élèves des notions de gêne et de mitose. Malgré des avancées notoires dans l’acquisition de connaissances, la mise en oeuvre de la situation modifiée a également posé des difficultés analysées ici. L’analyse des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage est menée à l’aide des concepts issus de la Théorie des situations didactiques (TSD) (Brousseau, 1998) et de la Théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique (TACD) (Sensevy, 2011) qui présentent en même temps des parentés et des spécificitésThis thesis focuses on the design and analysis of teaching/learning situations in genetics classes in secondary schools in Centra African Republic. It aims to improve the Central African education system by developing practical activities that take account of local constraints. Analysis of ordinary teaching situations in the third year of secondary school showed that the curricula didnot recommend any investigative approaches. We also found that there was no real teaching environment for studying the duplication of chromosome chromatids that precedes cell division, known as mitosis or conformal reproduction. We therefore proposed a situation incorporating a manipulative activity in genetics using locally manufactured teaching aids adapted to the Central African context. The epuipment consisted of painted wooden bars modelling genes, which the pupils were invited to manipulate, thus creating a learning environment.The research shows that the manipulative activity tested in 2021 in the third year contributed to the pupils’understanding of the concepts of gene and mitosis. Despite significant progress in thte acquisition of knowledge, the implementation of the modified situation also posed difficulties, which are analysed here. The theaching-learning situations were analysed using concepts from the Theory of didactic situations (TSD) (Brousseau,1998) and the Theory of joint action in didactics (TACD) (Sensevy, 2011) wich at the same time have similarities and specifities
4
Wilson, Catherine. "IPads in the early childhood science classroom: An exploration of iPad use in hands-on science activities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132659/2/Catherine%20Wilson%20Thesis.pdf.
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This qualitative case study explored the affordances and uses of the iPad in Prep classrooms when integrated into hands-on science activities about movement. Using a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach, this study identified and described the ways that virtual and augmented reality apps on the iPad can both enhance and distract from hands-on science activities about movement in Prep. The findings suggest ways that educators may achieve greater integration of hands-on science and technology learning experiences in Prep classrooms.
5
Picchiottino, Mathieu. "Effets des manipulations articulaires sur les marqueurs de l'activité du système nerveux autonome The acute effects of joint manipulative techniques on markers of autonomic nervous system activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials The effect of a single spinal manipulation on cardiovascular autonomic activity and the relationship to pressure pain threshold: a randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled trial What is the effect of spinal manipulation on the pressure pain threshold in young asymptomatic subjects? A randomized placebo-controlled trial, with a cross-over design." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS103.
Abstract:
L’utilisation des manipulations articulaires dans la prise en charge de certains troubles musculosquelettiques est ancienne, répandue et soutenue par la littérature scientifique. Cependant, les mécanismes d’action des différentes techniques de manipulation sont mal compris. Le potentiel effet des manipulations articulaires sur l’activité autonome est une composante fondamentale de théories relatives à leurs mécanismes d’action. Une de ces théories propose l’activation, par les manipulations articulaires, du système inhibiteur descendant de la douleur via la stimulation de la substance grise périaqueducale, une structure qui participe à la coordination de la modulation de la douleur et de l’activité autonome. Cette théorie a toutefois été peu explorée dans la littérature. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer les effets spécifiques des différentes techniques de manipulation articulaire sur les marqueurs de l’activité autonome en réalisant une revue systématique de la littérature. Le second objectif était d’évaluer (i) l’effet spécifique d’une manipulation vertébrale avec impulsion sur l’activité autonome cardiovasculaire et sur le seuil de douleur à la pression, ainsi que (ii) la relation entre ces deux variables. Notre évaluation de la littérature suggère que certaines techniques de mobilisation articulaire, les mobilisations avec oscillations, produisent probablement, par rapport au placébo, une augmentation statistiquement significative de l’activité sympathique cutanée. Les manipulations vertébrales avec impulsion ainsi qu’une autre technique de mobilisation vertébrale pourraient, quant à elles, ne pas avoir d’effet spécifique sur l’activité autonome. Les résultats de notre essai expérimental suggèrent que l’application d’une manipulation vertébrale avec impulsion n’a pas d’effet spécifique sur l’activité autonome cardiovasculaire ni sur le seuil de douleur à la pression. De plus, nous n’avons pas mis en évidence de relation entre la modulation de la douleur et la modulation de l’activité autonome après l’intervention. Ainsi, ces données expérimentales ne sont pas en faveur de l’activation du système inhibiteur descendant de la douleur par ce type de manipulation. Pour conclure, nous suggérons de nouveaux travaux expérimentaux et cliniques dans ce domaine de recherche. Plusieurs recommandations sont formulées dans ce sensThe use of joint manipulative techniques in the management of some musculoskeletal disorders is ancient, common and supported by scientific literature. However, the mechanisms of action of these techniques are poorly understood. The potential effect of joint manipulative techniques on autonomic activity is a fundamental component of theories relating to their mechanisms of action. One of these theories proposes that joint manipulative techniques may activate the descending pain inhibitory system projecting from the periaqueductal gray matter, a structure that participates in the coordination of pain modulation and autonomic activity. However, this theory has been little explored in the literature. The first objective of this thesis was to evaluate the specific effects of joint manipulative techniques on markers of autonomic activity by conducting a systematic review of the literature. The second objective was to evaluate (i) the specific effect of a single spinal manipulation (thrust technique) on both cardiovascular autonomic activity and pressure pain threshold, and (ii) the relationship between these two variables. Our evaluation of the literature suggests that oscillatory mobilizations, compared to a sham, probably produce a statistically significant increase in skin sympathetic nerve activity. Spinal manipulation and another type of spinal mobilization technique may have no specific effect on autonomic activity. The results of our experimental trial suggest that the application of a single spinal manipulation has no specific effect on cardiovascular autonomic activity and also not on pressure pain threshold. In addition, we found no relationship between pain modulation and cardiovascular autonomic activity after the intervention. Thus, these experimental results do not support the activation of the descending pain inhibitory system by this type of manipulation. To conclude, we suggest further experimental and clinical research in this area. Several recommendations are made in this regard
6
Joubert, Debra. "Manipulation of neutral invertase activity in sugarcane." Thesis, Link to online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/557.
7
Winkler, Jonathan Alexander. "Improving antibiotic activity by manipulating bacterial reactive oxygen species metabolism." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12675.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.The discovery of antibiotics was one of the most important medical breakthroughs of the twentieth century, having a broad impact on overall life expectancy and public health. Unfortunately, antibiotic discovery has slowed significantly in recent times and has failed to match the rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Gram-negative pathogens are a particularly troublesome threat, primarily because these bacteria possess an outer membrane that prevents many antibiotics from accessing their primary cellular targets. While the discovery of novel antibiotics could help to address these issues, alternative strategies, such as improving the activity of preexisting antibiotics, are also needed. Bactericidal antibiotics have recently been shown to share a common mechanism of cell death, despite having different primary, cellular targets. This shared mechanism involves the metabolic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and can ultimately result in bacterial cell death. The body of work described here shows that this common mechanism can be exploited to improve antibiotic activity, regardless of the antibiotic's primary mode of action. First, I will describe how bacterial metabolism can be predictably perturbed to increase endogenous ROS production, and that increasing endogenous ROS is sufficient to enhance bacterial sensitivity to treatments with ROS-generating biocides, antibiotics, and immune cell attack. I will then describe work indicating that an ancient antimicrobial agent, silver salts, can also increase endogenous ROS production and potentiate the activity of multiple antibiotic classes. Furthermore, I show that silver salts can increase the outer membrane permeability of a Gram-negative organism. This property is exploited to enable vancomycin, an antibiotic that is specific for Gram-positive bacteria, to work against a Gram-negative organism. Together, this body of work demonstrates that bacterial ROS metabolism can be exploited effectively to enhance. antibiotic activity, which ultimately could result in the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial agents.
8
Simmonds, Marian. "The effect of neck manipulation on excitability of the motor cortex thesis submission to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
9
Groenewald, Jan-Hendrik. "Manipulation of pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity in sugarcane." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1089.
Abstract:
Thesis (PhD (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The main aim of the work presented in this thesis was to elucidate the apparent role of pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) in sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. PFP activity in sugarcane internodal tissue is inversely correlated to the sucrose content and positively to the water-insoluble component across varieties which differ in their capacities to accumulate sucrose. This apparent well defined and important role of PFP seems to stand in contrast to the ambiguity regarding PFP’s role in the general literature as well as the results of various transgenic studies where neither the downregulation nor the over-expression of PFP activity had a major influence on the phenotype of transgenic potato and tobacco plants. Based on this it was therefore thought that either the kinetic properties of sugarcane PFP is significantly different than that of other plant PFPs or that PFP’s role in sucrose accumulating tissues is different from that in starch accumulating tissues. In the first part of the study sugarcane PFP was therefore purified and its molecular and kinetic properties were determined. It consisted of two subunits which aggregated in dimeric, tetrameric and octameric forms depending on the presence of Fru 2,6-P2. Both the glycolytic and gluconeogenic reactions had broad pH optima and the kinetic parameters for all the substrates were comparable to that of other plant PFPs. The conclusion was therefore that sugarcane PFP’s molecular and kinetic characteristics do not differ significantly from that of other plant PFPs. The only direct way to confirm if PFP is involved in sucrose accumulation in sugarcane is to alter its levels in the same genetic background through genetic engineering. This was therefore the second focus of this study. PFP activity was successfully down-regulated in sugarcane. The transgenic plants showed no visible phenotype under greenhouse and field conditions and sucrose concentrations in their immature internodes were significantly increased. PFP activity was inversely correlated with sucrose content in the immature internodes of the transgenic lines. Both the immature and mature internodes of the transgenic plants had significantly higher fibre contents. This study suggests that PFP plays a significant role in glycolytic carbon flux in immature, metabolically active sugarcane internodal tissues. The data presented here confirm that PFP can indeed have an influence on the rate of glycolysis and carbon partitioning in these tissues. It also implies that there are no differences between the functions of PFP in starch and sucrose storing tissues and it supports the hypothesis that PFP provides additional glycolytic capacity to PFK at times of high metabolic flux in biosynthetically active tissue. This work will serve as a basis to refine future genetic manipulation strategies and could make a valuable contribution to the productivity of South African sugarcane varieties.
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Hobson, Piers D. "The regulation and genetic manipulation of Rubisco activity in wheat during stress." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422970.
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Shanmugam, Sivaramkumar. "Hard functionof the elderly during key turning activity and remote control manipulation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510751.
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Tyler, Adam Michael. "Manipulating Rab GTPase activity in wheat to alter gluten quality for breadmaking." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12914/.
Abstract:
In the developing endosperm of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), seed storage proteins are produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to protein bodies, specialised vacuoles for the storage of protein. The important gluten proteins of wheat are transported to the protein bodies they are stored in by two distinct routes. One route consists of vesicles that bud directly off the ER, while the other involves transport through the Golgi (Arcalis et al, 2004). In plants, the RabD clade mediates ER to Golgi vesicle transport (Batoko et al, 2000). Available sequence information for Rab GTPases in Arabidopsis, rice, Brachypodium and bread wheat was compiled and compared in phenetic trees. Partial genetic sequences were assembled using the first draft of the Chinese Spring wheat genome. A suitable candidate gene from the RabD clade (TaRabD2a) was chosen for down-regulation by RNA interference (RNAi) and an RNAi construct was used to transform wheat plants. Using real time PCR, all four available RabD genes were shown to be knocked down in the developing endosperm of transgenic wheat. The transgenic grain was found to produce flour with significantly altered processing properties when measured by farinograph and extensograph. SE-HPLC found that a smaller proportion of HMW-GS and large LMW-GS are incorporated into the glutenin macropolymer in the transgenic dough. Lower protein content but a similar protein profile on SDS-PAGE was seen in the transgenic grain
13
Angonin, Diane. "Lineage-specific manipulation of subventricular zone germinal activity for neonatal cortical repair." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1175/document.
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L'hypoxie périnatale entraîne une dégénérescence et un délai de maturation des oligodendrocytes et des neurones corticaux du cortex cerebral. Mon projet de thèse a d'abord consisté à étudier la contribution des cellules souche neurales de la zone sous-ventriculaire dorsale (dSVZ) à la tentative de régénération spontanée observée après la lésion. Dans un second temps, j'ai étudié la capacité de ces cellules souches à être manipulée en utilisant une approche pharmacologique.Mes résultats mettent en évidence une réponse spontanée et dynamique de la dSVZ qui produit des neurones et des oligodendrocytes corticaux en réponse à l'hypoxie. L'administration par voie intranasale d'un inhibiteur de Gsk3b, qui active la voie Wnt/b-caténine, petite molécule identifiée à l'aide d'une étude bio-informatique comme « dorsalisante », juste après la période d'hypoxie, potentialise cette réponse spontanée. En effet, mes résultats montrent que certains neurones corticaux issus de la dSVZ survivent avec le traitement alors qu'aucun ne semblent persister après 1 mois suivant l'hypoxie. De plus, le traitement accélère la maturation des oligodendrocytes corticaux et augmentent leur production et intégration à long terme. Enfin, le traitement a un effet à long terme sur les cellules souches de la dSVZ en augmentant la proportion de ces cellules qui sont actives. Pour conclure, la dSVZ participe à la récupération corticale spontanée qui suit l'hypoxie périnatale et cette réponse peut être potentialisée par l'administration d'une petite molécule identifiée par notre analyse bio-informatique, un inhibiteur de GSK3bPerinatal hypoxia leads to degeneration and delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes and cortical glutamatergic neurons. My PhD project consists in assessing the contribution of neural stem cells (NSCs) of the dorsal subventricular zone (dSVZ, i.e. the largest germinal zone of the postnatal brain) to the spontaneous regenerative attempt observed following such injury as well as its amenability to pharmacological manipulation.The results I have obtained highlight a dynamic and lineage-specific response of NSCs of the dSVZ to hypoxia that results in de novo oligodendrogenesis and cortical neurogenesis. Newborn cortical neurons express appropriate cortical layer markers, supporting their appropriate specification. A pharmacogenomics analysis allowed us to identify small molecules boosting specificly dSVZ NSCs. Pharmacological activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling by intranasal GSK3ß inhibitor administration during the recovery period following hypoxia indeed potentiates dorsal SVZ participation to post-hypoxia repair. Gsk3b inhibitor CHIR99021 seems to promote survival of cortical neurons from the dSVZ produced in response to hypoxia. More interestingly, CHIR99021 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and long term integration in the cortex as well as a long term increased activity of dSVZ NSCs.Altogether, my results highlighted a dynamic and lineage-specific response of dorsal NSCs cells to hypoxia and identify the early postnatal dorsal SVZ as a malleable source of stem cells for cortical repair following trauma that occur early in life. CHIR99021 (a Gsk3b inhibitor) intranasal administration promotes this cortical cellular repair with a long term activation of dSVZ NSCs which increased their production of oligodendrocytes migrating to the cortex and a short term improvement of their maturation, and might allow the integration of cortical neurons they produce
14
Bell, Pauline. "Manipulation of lipogenase activity in durum wheat for the improvement of pasta colour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398693.
15
Dicks, Pamela. "The endocrine control and manipulation of hair follicle activity in the cashmere goat." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32975.
Abstract:
The Cashmere goat has an annual cycle of hair growth and moulting, which is associated with changes in photoperiod. The first experiment was designed to determine if slow release melatonin implants could be used to delay the spring moult and initiation of hair follicle activity; as has been reported in mink and Blue-foxes and to investigate other endocrine changes associated with the onset of the moulting period. In the second experiment the association between the increase in plasma prolactin concentration and the onset of moulting and hair follicle activity was investigated. The final experiment was designed to determine whether a period of plasma prolactin suppression followed by a rapid increase in plasma prolactin concentration would accelerate the moult and thereby synchronise the onset of moulting within a group of animals. It is concluded that the timing of the spring moult in the cashmere goat can be altered by manipulating plasma prolactin concentrations. Factors other than prolactin may, however, be involved at the follicular level and controlling the response of individual follicles.
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Chao, Crystal. "Timing multimodal turn-taking in human-robot cooperative activity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54904.
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Turn-taking is a fundamental process that governs social interaction. When humans interact, they naturally take initiative and relinquish control to each other using verbal and nonverbal behavior in a coordinated manner. In contrast, existing approaches for controlling a robot's social behavior do not explicitly model turn-taking, resulting in interaction breakdowns that confuse or frustrate the human and detract from the dyad's cooperative goals. They also lack generality, relying on scripted behavior control that must be designed for each new domain. This thesis seeks to enable robots to cooperate fluently with humans by automatically controlling the timing of multimodal turn-taking. Based on our empirical studies of interaction phenomena, we develop a computational turn-taking model that accounts for multimodal information flow and resource usage in interaction. This model is implemented within a novel behavior generation architecture called CADENCE, the Control Architecture for the Dynamics of Embodied Natural Coordination and Engagement, that controls a robot's speech, gesture, gaze, and manipulation. CADENCE controls turn-taking using a timed Petri net (TPN) representation that integrates resource exchange, interruptible modality execution, and modeling of the human user. We demonstrate progressive developments of CADENCE through multiple domains of autonomous interaction encompassing situated dialogue and collaborative manipulation. We also iteratively evaluate improvements in the system using quantitative metrics of task success, fluency, and balance of control.
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Jarrin, Annie. "Manipulation génétique des anticorps : analyse moléculaire d'anticorps dirigés contre la glycoprotéine plaquettaire alpha 2b, beta 3 génération, à partir de banques d'expression d'immunoglobulines à la surface de bactériophages, d'anticorps dirigés contre la VE-cadhérine." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10176.
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Dans le premier chapitre de cette these, nous nous sommes interesses a deux anticorps monclonaux murins, produits a partir d'hybridomes. Ces deux anticorps, appeles ac7 et b2a sont capables d'empecher l'agregation des plaquettes sanguines. Nous avons entrepris l'analyse moleculaire de ces deux anticorps dans le but de determiner les sequences en acides amines des regions hypervariables ou cdr, responsables de la specificite des anticorps, et d'identifier ainsi d'eventuelles sequences antagonistes de l'agregation plaquettaire. Nos resultats montrent que le peptide h3, correspondant a la region hypervariable 3 de la chaine lourde de l'anticorps ac7, possede une activite anti-agregante pouvant servir de base au developpement de nouveaux composes. Le second chapitre de ce manuscrit decrit l'analyse d'anticorps obtenus a partir de banques combinatoires d'immunoglobulines exprimees a la surface de bacteriophages filamenteux et diriges contre une molecule adhesive specifique des cellules endotheliales, la ve-cadherine. Ce type de technologie doit nous permettre d'isoler de nouveaux anticorps dont l'obtention est difficile par la technique classique des hybridomes et presente la possibilite d'une eventuelle manipulation genetique des anticorps. La premiere partie de ce chapitre decrit la generation d'une banque de fabs murins et la caracterisation par elisa de deux anticorps selectionnes. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons utilise une banque de fabs humains representant un large repertoire d'anticorps. Cette banque, generee par l'equipe du dr. Barbas, nous a permis de selectionner trois fabs. Ces anticorps ont ete caracterises pour leur specificite pour la ve-cadherine par elisa, deplacement a l'equilibre et immunodetection par la technique du western blot
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Gocheva, Veronika. "Single-molecule nano-manipulation study of the enzymatic activity of the transcription termination factor Rho." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20273.
Abstract:
La protéine Rho est une hélicase homohéxamérique en forme d'anneau responsable de la terminaison de la transcription chez les prokaryotes. Son activité est essentielle pour la régulation des gènes chez E.coli mais aussi chez d'autres bactéries. Le modèle classique de la terminaison de la transcription induite par Rho propose que ce processus soit initié par la fixation spécifique de Rho sur un site Rut (pour « Rho-utilization ») de l'ARN en cours d'élongation. Rho se lie sur le Rut via son site primaire de liaison (PBS) distribué parmi les domaines N-terminaux à travers l'anneau héxamérique. Par la suite l'ARN en cours de transcription est introduit dans le canal central de l'anneau où des contacts avec le site secondaire de liaison (SBS) s'effectuent. Ceci active l'activité enzymatique de la protéine et la translocation ATP-dépendante sur l'ARN en cours d'élongation dans la direction 5'-3', aboutissant à la dissociation de l'ARN polymérase et la terminaison de la transcription. Malgré le grand nombre de données structurales, biochimiques et génétiques, les mécanismes moléculaires employés par Rho pour effectuer ses fonctions biologiques restent peu connus et plusieurs aspects de ce modèle classique sont flous. Ceci inclut les étapes d'activation, le mécanisme de terminaison de la transcription (dissociation de l'ARN polymérase) et les mécanismes précis de translocation. Plusieurs modèles ont été proposés pour expliquer les différents détails mécanistiques de l'activité enzymatique de Rho. Il est impossible de distinguer parmi ces modèles en utilisant des méthodes classiques d'ensemble car l'activation du complexe Rho-RNA est lente et donc constitue une étape cinétiquement limitante. D'où la nécessité d'expériences réalisées à l'échelle de la molécule unique pour une analyse quantitative de mécanismes moléculaires de Rho. La première partie de ces travaux de thèse a été le développement des outils requis pour l'observation de l'activité de la protéine Rho à l'échelle de la molécule unique. Un premier développement a été le design et la synthèse de constructions complexes en acides nucléiques adaptées à ce type d'étude. Elles sont composées d'une région simple brin d'ARN contenant la séquence d'un terminateur naturel de Rho (avec ou sans des structures en tige-boucle) et des « handles » en ADN/ARN nécessaires pour un attachement ultérieur des constructions. Par la suite, j'ai implémenté un montage de pinces magnétiques à haute résolution. Ceci a nécessité le développement et l'optimisation de ce montage mais également des programmes d'analyse des données. Ce montage a été par la suite utilisé pour étudier l'activité de la protéine Rho à l'échelle de la molécule unique. D'abord, en utilisant une stratégie basée sur une analyse en temps réel des données, j'ai optimisé les conditions expérimentales précises pour l'observation de l'activité de Rho avec des pinces magnétiques. Par la suite, j'ai utilisé ces conditions, dans une stratégie d'observation en parallèle de plusieurs constructions attachées pour augmenter les statistiques des événements observés. J'ai utilisé ce type d'essai pour observer pour la première fois la translocation de molécules uniques de Rho et mesurer leur processivité et vitesse de translocation. De plus, cette méthodologie m'a permis de distinguer parmi trois modèles proposés pour expliquer le mécanisme de translocation de RhoThe Rho protein is a ring-shaped homo-hexameric helicase responsible for prokaryotic transcription termination. Its activity is essential for the regulation of gene expression in E. coli and in other bacteria. The classical model for Rho-dependent transcription termination stipulates that this process is initiated by the specific binding of Rho to the nascent RNA transcript at a Rho-utilization (Rut) site. This initial anchoring is performed through the primary binding site (PBS) of Rho, distributed on the N-terminal domains around the hexameric ring. Next, the RNA transcript is accommodated within Rho's central channel where it contacts an asymmetric secondary binding site (SBS). This leads to motor activation and ATP-fueled translocation on the nascent RNA in the 5'→3' direction, ultimately promoting RNA polymerase (RNAP) dissociation and transcription termination.Despite a wealth of structural, biochemical and genetic data, the molecular mechanisms used by Rho to carry out its biological functions still remain poorly understood and many aspects of this current model are still obscure. These include the activation steps, the mechanism of transcription termination (RNAP dissociation) and the precise mechanisms of translocation and tracking. Several models have been proposed to explain the different mechanistic details of Rho's enzymatic activity. Clear discrimination between these models cannot be performed with classical ensemble assays because the activation of the Rho-RNA complex is rate-limiting. Therefore, quantitative analysis of Rho's mechanisms requires experimentation at the single-molecule level. During the first part of this PhD work I have developed the “tools” required for probing Rho's activity at the single molecule level. These include first design and synthesis of complex nucleic acid constructs adapted for this type of studies. They are composed of a single stranded RNA region containing a natural Rho terminator sequence (with or without hairpin structures) and DNA/RNA “handles” necessary for the subsequent tethering of the constructs. Next, I have implemented a high-resolution magnetic tweezers configuration. This has required the development and the optimization of the setup as well as the data analysis software. This configuration was then used to probe for Rho's single molecule activity. First, by using a real-time analysis based strategy, I have optimized the precise experimental conditions for monitoring Rho's activity with magnetic tweezers. Then, I have used these conditions, in a multiplexing strategy that allows the parallel tracking of several tethered constructs in order to increase the statistics of the observed events. I used this assay to observe for the first time translocation of single Rho molecules and measure the rate and processivity of this translocation. Furthermore this methodology has allowed me to test three independent models for Rho's tracking mechanism proposing that Rho (1) maintains its contacts between the PBS and the loading site upon translocation (a mechanism referred to as “tethered-tracking”), (2) disrupts these initial contacts with Rut, and translocates by remodeling RNA/PBS contacts (“pure-tracking” model), or (3) completely disrupts PBS/Rut contacts upon translocation (“Rut-free tracking”). The obtained results have shown that ATP-dependent Rho translocation at 7pN of external opposing force induces shortening of the nucleic acid constructs tethered between a glass slide and a magnetic bead. This directly demonstrates that Rho is able to translocate by using a “tethered tracking” mechanism. Furthermore detailed inspection of the translocation events has allowed the measurement of the velocity (56 ± 3 nt/s) and processivity (62 ± 3 nt) of Rho translocation at the single-molecule level. Rho thus translocates against at least 7pN of opposing force at rates 2-6 times faster than the speed of transcription by the RNAP (10-30nt/s)
19
Wu, Kechun. "Solubility and manipulation of disulfides in puroindoline-b: Recombinant puroindoline-b shows antifungal activity." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27083.
Abstract:
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) kernel texture (hardness) is the most important determinant of milling and end-product quality. Recent data indicate that the only difference between soft and hard textured wheat is a single amino acid mutation in one protein, puroindoline-b (PIN-b). A rare tryptophan-rich domain in this protein consists of five tryptophan residues among a stretch of seven amino acid residues. To understand how this single mutation makes hard wheat possible, thus enabling bread making, it is crucial to have a high-resolution three-dimensional structure of this protein. The prerequisite for structural elucidation of any protein is the high-quality sample preparation.
In this thesis PIN-b from a diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum ) was chosen as the model system because its grain is soft and it has the simplest genome of all wheats. The coding sequence of PIN-b was amplified from the diploid wheat using PIN-b specific primers. It was cloned into a protein expression vector. PIN-b was expressed as a protein behind the thioredoxin (TRX-a) tag. The TRX-a-PIN-b fusion protein was purified using nickel chelating chromatography. The immunological identity of the fusion protein was confirmed by Western blot. The PIN-b was released from the fusion protein by enterokinase proteolysis and purified using ion exchange chromatography. After glutathione treatment to facilitate full formation of the potential five disulfide bonds, PIN-b demonstrated higher fungicidal activity when compared to the non-treated PIN-b.
20
Yu, Yan [Verfasser], and Hilmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Bading. "Manipulation of Neuronal Activity with Light-activated Ion Channels / Yan Yu ; Betreuer: Hilmar Bading." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177248530/34.
21
Silva, Sinhara Rishi Malinda. "Manipulating Electromagnetic waves with enhanced functionalities using Nonlinear and Chiral Metamaterials." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7443.
Abstract:
Metamaterials are artificial structures, which periodically arranged to exhibit fascinating electromagnetic properties, not existing in nature. A great deal of research in the field of metamaterial was conducted in a linear regime, where the electromagnetic responses are independent of the external electric or magnetic fields. Unfortunately, in linear regime the desired properties of metamaterials have only been achieved within a narrow bandwidth, around a fixed frequency. Therefore, nonlinearity is introduced into metamaterials by merging meta-atoms with well-known nonlinear materials. Nonlinear metamaterials are exploited in this dissertation to introduce and develop applications in microwave frequency with broadband responses. The nonlinearity was achieved via embedding varactor diode on to split ring resonator (SRR) design, which demonstrates tunability in resonance frequency and phase of the transmission signal. SRR exhibits power and frequency dependent broadband tunability and it is realized for external electro-magnetic signals. More importantly, the nonlinear SRR shows bi-stability with distinct transmission levels, where the transition between bi-states is controlled by the impulses of pump signal and it can be used as a switching device in microwave regime. In order to increase its functionality in other frequencies, a new design, double split ring resonator (DSRR) is introduced with two rings, which has two distinct resonance frequencies. The double split ring resonator also demonstrate similar behavior as the SRR but it is broadband. Furthermore, by designing the structure such that the inner ring has a frequency twice as outer ring resonance frequency; we observed the enhancement of harmonic generation. We exhibit enhancement in second harmonic generation and methods that can use to increase the harmonic signal power. Arranging the unit cells in an array and particular orientation further increases the harmonic power. In addition, we show that using a back plate to create a cavity will help to increase harmonic power. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that applying an external DC voltage can be used to tune resonance frequency as well as phase of the signal. Exploring these ideas in THz frequency regime is also important. So simulation results were obtained with advanced designs to achieve non-linearity in terahertz frequency regime to realize tunability, hysteresis and bi-stable states.
A negative refractive index can be realized in metamaterials consisting of strong magnetic and electric resonators with responses at the same frequency band. However, high loss and narrow bandwidth resulting from strong resonances have impeded negative index optical components and devices from reaching expected functionalities (e.g. perfect lens). Here, we demonstrate experimentally and numerically that a 2D helical chiral metamaterial exhibits broadband negative refractive index with extremely low loss. With Drude-like dispersion, its permittivity leads to zero-index, and broadband chirality further brings the index to negative values for left-handed circularly polarized light in the entire range below the plasma frequency. Non-resonant architecture results in very low loss (<2% per layer) and an extremely high Figure-of-merit (>90).
Tunable THz metamaterials has shown great potential to solve the material challenge due to the so-called “THz gap”. However, the tunable mechanism of current designs relies on using semiconductors insertions, which inevitably results in high Ohmic loss, and thereby significantly degrades the performance of metamaterials. In this work, we demonstrate a novel tunable mechanism based on polymeric microactuators. Our metamaterials are fabricated on the surface of patterned pillar array of flexible polymers embedded with magnetic nanoparticles. The transmission spectrum of the metamaterial can be tuned as the pillars are mechanically deformed though applied magnetic field. We observed and measured several type of deformation including bending, twisting and compressing when the applied magnetic field is polarized along different direction with respected to the axis of the magnetic particles. Compared to previous semiconductor based tunable mechanism, our structure has shown much lower loss. We demonstrate using simulations and experimentally that with an external magnetic field, we can achieve phase modulation using magnetic polymeric micro-actuators.
22
Vogel, Holger [Verfasser], Philippe [Akademischer Betreuer] Bastiaens, and Leif [Gutachter] Dehmelt. "Controlling Ras activity by manipulating its localization / Holger Vogel ; Gutachter: Leif Dehmelt ; Betreuer: Philippe Bastiaens." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176189697/34.
23
Walsh, Annabel. "Manipulating dopaminergic activity with bupropion : effects on reward and emotional processing biases implicated in depression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:08372a77-bc23-42f9-be4e-2f0511124cdf.
Abstract:
Major depressive disorder is characterised by two core diagnostic symptoms, low mood and anhedonia, which have been suggested to be caused by negative biases in emotional processing and aberrant reward processing, respectively. Previous research using antidepressants predominantly affecting serotonin or noradrenaline activity suggests that antidepressants may act to reduce the negative biases in emotional processing, which then influences low mood; however, such antidepressants do not fully correct the anhedonia. This lack of efficacy underlines the need for further research to unravel the roles of various neurotransmitter systems in the modulation of processing biases implicated in major depressive disorder. For example, it is still unclear how the initial antidepressant effects on biases in emotional processing relate to effects on aberrant reward processing in major depressive disorder and whether they are also targeted by antidepressants affecting dopaminergic activity, such as bupropion. The current thesis aimed to delineate the role of the dopaminergic reward system in the cognitive neurobiological processes underlying the two symptom clusters of low mood and anhedonia in major depressive disorder. In order to do this, two experimental studies manipulating dopaminergic activity with the antidepressant bupropion were completed and the effects on reward and emotional processing biases implicated in major depressive disorder were assessed. The first study investigated the acute effects of bupropion on behavioural measures of reward and emotional processing in a non-clinical population. Compared to placebo, an acute dose of bupropion was found to reduce negative and increase positive emotional processing with little effect on reward processing. The second study investigated the early and longer-term effects of bupropion on behavioural and neural measures of reward and emotional processing in individuals suffering with major depressive disorder. Compared to untreated healthy controls, bupropion was again found to reduce negative and increase positive emotional processing but was found to worsen aberrant reward processing at 2 weeks prior to normalisation after the full 6 week treatment. Higher right lateral orbitofrontal cortex activity in response to happy faces and decreased right amygdala activity in response to sad faces at 2 weeks was associated with decreased HAM-D score at 6 weeks. This suggests a causal role for the early neural effects of bupropion in later change in subjective symptoms and has clinical implications providing further evidence for the potential to predict clinical outcome from the early effects of antidepressants.
24
O'Grady, Mathew. "Manipulating a conditioning activity to enhance potentiation and its application to jumping and sprinting performance." Thesis, Federtion University Australia, 2017. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/165480.
Abstract:
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is the phenomenon where contractile history of a muscle may acutely increase voluntary performance of future contractions that are biomechanically similar (72). In order to exploit the PAP phenomenon, a conditioning activity (CA) is performed to enhance the performance of a subsequent skill. Throughout the literature, a common example of a CA is sets of heavy-loaded squats in order to potentiate subsequent jumping (31,33,39,57,83,116,151,163) or sprinting performance (15,28,39,99). Post-activation potentiation can be used either in a warm-up to acutely enhance performance for competition, or used within a resistance training session to enhance speed-strength, with the intention of producing a greater training stimulus for chronic adaptations. The major issue with the PAP literature is the inconsistent results from study to study. There are many examples within the research that show the positive effects of PAP (44,54,57,62,83,102,133,163), whilst many others have failed to find any increase in performance (42,47,56,81,112,123,141). The results have been inconsistent as the methodology between studies has varied dramatically. These differences include the warm-up used prior to testing sessions, changes in the type of CA (30,54,163), the intensity or load of the CA (19,21,33) and the rest period allocated between the CA and the performance of the skill. Furthermore, it seems that certain individuals respond better to a CA, with most of the literature suggesting that participant strength has a positive correlation with a potentiating response (15,31,44,116,128,129,163). Due to the vast differences in methodologies used throughout the potentiation literature, it is hard for coaches to identify the best practice in order to elicit a positive potentiating effect. Therefore, four studies were designed to address these current gaps within the potentiation literature in order to establish the best methodology to elicit a potentiating response. The first study sought to investigate whether a heavy half-squat CA could further improve jumping after an individualised optimal warm-up. As many of the warm-ups used prior to the baseline measurement in the potentiation research have been insufficient (30,44,69,71,88,102,111,115,140,143,158), it is plausible to suggest that improvements after a CA could be due to general mechanisms of a warm-up, rather than PAP. To investigate this, participants performed six different volumes of warm-ups on six separate days, followed by CMJ and DJ testing. After each participant completed the six warm-ups, their individual optimum warm-up was identified as the warm-up that produced the greatest CMJ relative peak power (RPP). On two separate sessions, a CA of four half-squats at a 5RM load was then added to each individual’s optimum warm-up and a sub-optimum warm-up. Countermovement jump tests were performed before the CA (pre) and then four and eight minutes after the CA. Drop jump testing was performed before the CA (pre) and then six and 10 minutes after the CA. When examining each post-test separately, no improvements in CMJ performance were identified. Furthermore, for both the optimum and sub-optimum warm-up conditions, DJ performance significantly decreased at all post-tests (p < 0.05). When each individuals best recovery period was considered (post-best), both the maximum and mean CMJ jump height significantly increased above baseline measures for the optimum warm-up condition. No other CMJ or DJ variable displayed any significant change after the addition of the CA for either condition. As significant increases in CMJ jump height were identified, the four half-squat CA with a 5RM load was used in the next investigation. Although each individual’s optimum warm-up volume varied, the moderate warm-up volume produced sufficient CMJ performance for all individuals. Considering the time required identifying each individuals optimum warm-up, the moderate warm-up was deemed sufficient and was used for the following studies. The second study of this thesis investigated the acute response of two different CA strategies. Both CAs included four half squats at a 5RM load, however, in one condition participants were instructed to perform the squat in a controlled manner, whilst in the second condition, they were instructed to lift the bar as fast as possible without losing contact with the ground. At any post-time (including post-best), no significant improvement were identified for any CMJ variable in either condition. Furthermore, DJ performance significantly decreased at all post-tests for the explosive CA condition. Although no significant improvements were identified, when each individual’s optimum recovery period was considered, CMJ jump height increased by 2.6% in the explosive CA condition, as opposed to 0.9% in the controlled CA condition. Because of this difference within the means of each condition, for the future studies throughout this thesis, participants were instructed to lift the bar as fast as possible during a heavy half-squat CA. The third study of this thesis compared different volumes of plyometric CAs (rebound jumps) to a CA involving heavy half-squats and assessed the effect each had on potentiating CMJ and sprinting performance. Past research had often used small amounts of plyometric contacts to potentiate future contractions (23,30,143,146,151), however, due to their short duration; they were often not successful in improving performance. For one condition, this study increased the repetitions of plyometric contacts in the CA, so that its duration matched the time under tension exhibited by the four half-squats with a 5RM load. Furthermore, two other plyometric CA conditions were included; one that matched half of the time under tension of the half-squats and one that involved only four repetitions of the rebound jump (match the amount of repetitions of the half-squat). No CA (plyometric or half-squat) displayed statistical significant improvements in CMJ or sprint performance at any post-test interval. For CMJ performance, although it did not significantly improve performance, generally the heavy half-squat CA had smaller decrements in performance than the plyometric CAs, hence the final investigation of this thesis focussed upon different heavy dynamic CAs in order to potentiate CMJ performance. The final study of this thesis firstly aimed to investigate the effect of three different types of half-squat CAs had on potentiating CMJ performance. This study also aimed to explore why certain individuals respond positively to a CA, whilst others respond in a negative manner. At the beginning of this study, participants completed a number of fitness performance tests, to assess each individual’s performance. Participants then assessed the effect of three different CAs on CMJ performance. These CAs included three repetitions of the half-squat with a 3RM load (3 @ 3RM), four repetitions with a 5RM load (4 @ 5RM) and then five repetitions with a 5RM load (5 @ 5RM). In terms of the entire population of the study, after each of the CAs, post-CMJ performance typically decreased across all rest periods, whilst any improvement in particular CMJ variables were considered to only be trivial in terms of effect size magnitudes. Despite this, multiple statistically significant positive correlations were evident between particular fitness qualities (absolute strength, CMJ RPP and aerobic capacity) and the change scores between pre and post-best CMJ performance after certain CAs. Therefore, the participants were median split in terms of each of the following fitness qualities to assess the relationship each quality has on potentiating CMJ performance. When the population was split in terms of absolute strength, the stronger participants significantly improved CMJ performance at their best recovery period after the performance of the 5 @ 5RM CA (three out of the four CMJ variables assessed significantly improved), whilst the weaker individuals showed no significant improvements. A similar trend was exhibited when the population was split in terms of CMJ RPP, with the more powerful individuals improving by small to moderate effect size magnitudes after the 5 @ 5RM CA, whilst the less powerful group did not. From the studies presented in the thesis, it can be concluded that certain recreationally resistance trained males can acutely enhance CMJ performance with the use of a heavy dynamic CA, even after pre-test performance has been optimised by a general warm-up. The optimum recovery period for the individual does need to be considered, as individuals require different amounts of rest to allow for an improvement in performance. Furthermore, the individual needs to have sufficient strength of the lower limbs in order to improve future contractions via the use of the heavy dynamic CA, as individuals with less strength do not improve post-CMJ performance after a CA. In terms of the type of CA used, heavy half-squat seem to be more effective than rebound jumps in order to potentiate CMJ performance. Furthermore, five repetitions with a 5RM load seems more effective than heavier CAs (3 @ 3RM) or ones that have less repetitions (4 @ 5RM) for this particular population.Doctor of Philosophy
25
Haymes, Rosemary Y. "The manipulation of cellular ribonucleotide reductose to increase the differential anti-cancer activity of modified nucleosides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46334.
26
Salimi-Ghezelbash, Iran. "Modulation of neuronal activity in somatosensory cortex of monkeys during object manipulation using a precision grip." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0011/NQ38832.pdf.
27
Cassaday, Helen John. "The effects of pharmacological and neurotoxic manipulation of serotonergic activity on latent inhibition in the rat." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294276.
28
Descarreaux, Martin. "Étude des déficits sensori-moteurs associés aux douleurs lombaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17911.
Abstract:
Au cours des dix dernières années, on a pu observer l'émergence de nouvelles problématiques de recherche portant sur les dysfonctions et les syndromes douloureux de la région lombaire. En effet, de nombreux chercheurs s'intéressent maintenant aux liens possibles entre le contrôle moteur, l'utilisation des informations proprioceptives en provenance du tronc et le développement de douleurs lombaires chroniques et aiguës. Dans cette thèse, trois articles permettant d'approfondir la question des déficits sensori-moteurs associés aux douleurs lombaires sont présentés. Les effets de la douleur chronique et de la douleur expérimentale dans des tâches de forces isométriques et de repositionnement du tronc sont, entre autres, abordés. Un quatrième article aux portées cliniques présente les résultats d'une étude sur les effets préventifs de la manipulation vertébrale. L'évaluation du statut sensori-moteur des patients atteints de douleurs lombaires permettra éventuellement de développer de nouveaux indices cliniques qui faciliteront le suivi et les interventions cliniques.
29
Martin, Brent R. "Optimization of protein and RNA detection methodologies and a new approach for manipulating protein activity in living cells." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208094.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Jun 2, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
30
Moulis, Gérald. "Une approche cognitive du langage mathématique afin d'assister les activités de manipulation de formules." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02045804.
Abstract:
Cette thèse étudie les spécifications d'un système informatique d'assistance au mathématicien s'inspirant de l'activité mathématique naturelle. La démarche est structurée relativement aux trois questions suivantes: 1) quelle est la nature de l'activité mathématique?; 2) que peut-on souhaiter pour un tel système?; 3) que peut-on proposer? La partie 1 élabore des modèles cognitifs, se situe en complément du raisonnement heuristique, analyse le langage mathématique et préconise le développement d'une linguistique des mathématiques. Elle étudie des textes de démonstration, et les structures notamment à partir de la notion de preuve à granularité variable. Le cas apparemment simple des manipulations de formules est alors étudié en partie 2 afin de réaliser un assistant mathématicien intelligent (ami), charge de taches élémentaires dans un atelier mathématique intégré (ami). La partie 3 débute par un état des lieux des mathématiques assistées par ordinateur (mao). Elle propose un modèle de formules base sur trois structures couplées (apparente, textuelle et mathématique) pour enrichir l'interaction de manipulation de formules. Elle étudie l'analyse et la génération de formules pour le cas du sigma, et montre la complexité des connaissances mathématiques a fournir. Elle présente enfin les mécanismes envisages pour l'utilisation d'identités remarquables. Cette thèse illustre une approche plus générale: 1) analyse d'une activité conceptuelle via le langage: 2) transcription en une activité naturelle d'assistance par un système; 3) développement expérimental ascendant de ce système. Le rôle de l'homme est prédominant dans cette approche dite intercom, comme il l'est également dans la problématique générale de l'assistance au travail scientifique. Elle est validée dans cette thèse par un jeu de modèles et de scenariiThis thesis studies some specifications of a computer system which assists the mathematician. This system is inspired by the "natural" mathematician's activity. Our approach is structured according to the three following questions : I) What is the nature of the mathematical activity ? II) What could we wish for such a system ? III) What could we propose ? We elaborate in part I some cognitive models and situate our work in complement of heuristic reasoning. We analyze the Mathematical Language and recommend the development of a linguistics of mathematics. We study some textual proofs and structure them more especially with variable granularity proof-graphs. In part II we study the apparently simple case of formulae manipulations. We try to elaborate an intelligent mathematical Assistant (Ami) which manages elementary tasks in an Integrated Mathematical Workshop. Part III starts with a state-of-the-art of Computer-Assisted Mathematics (CAMath). We propose a formulae model based on three tied structures (graphical, textual and mathematical) in order to improve formulae manipulation. We study the parsing and the generation of formulae for the case of "sigma". We then exhibit the complexity of the required knowledge to assist the mathematician's activity. Finally, we present the intended mecanisms for using mathematical identities. This thesis illustrates a more general approach: I) the analysis of a conceptual activity from a linguistic point of view II) its transcription in a "natural" activity assisted by a system III) an experimental bottom-up development of this system. In this approach that we call Intercom, the user's role is predominant as it is in the general problematic of Scientific Work Assistance. Intercom has been validated through a set of models and scenarii
31
Pettengell, Clare Louise. "The isolation of muscle activity and ground reaction force patterns associated with postural control in four load manipulation tasks." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005203.
Abstract:
Although much effort has been placed into the reduction of risks associated with manual materials handling, risk of musculoskeletal disorder development remains high. This may be due to the additional muscle activity necessary for the maintenance of postural equilibrium during work tasks. This research proposes that postural control and subsequent additional muscle activity is influenced by the magnitude of the external load and the degree of body movement. The objective of this research was to identify whether performing tasks with increased external load and with a greater degree of trunk motion places additional strain on the musculoskeletal system in excess of that imposed by task demands. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female subjects performed four load manipulation tasks under three loading conditions (0.8kg, 1.6kg, and 4kg). Each task comprised of a static and dynamic condition. For the static condition, subjects maintained a stipulated posture for ten seconds. The dynamic condition required subjects to move and replace a box once every three seconds, such that a complete lift and lower cycle was performed in six seconds. Throughout task completion, muscle activity of six pairs of trunk muscles were analysed using surface electromyography. This was accompanied by data regarding ground reaction forces obtained through the use of a force platform. After the completion of each condition subjects were required to identify and rate body discomfort. Differential analysis was used to isolate the muscle activity and ground reaction forces attributed to increased external load and increased trunk movement. It was found that the heaviest loading conditions (4kg) resulted in significantly greater (p<0.05) muscle activation in the majority of muscles during all tasks investigated. The trend of muscle activity attributed to load was similar in all significantly altered muscles and activation was greatest in the heaviest loading condition. A degree of movement efficiency occurred in some muscles when manipulating loads of 0.8kg and 1.6kg. At greater loads, this did not occur suggesting that heavier loading conditions result in additional strain on the body in excess of that imposed by task demands. In manipulated data, trend of vertical ground reaction forces increased with increased load in all tasks. Sagittal movement of the centre of pressure attributed to load was significantly affected in manipulated data in the second movement phase of the “hip shoulder” task and the second movement phase of the “hip twist” task. The “hip reach” task was most affected by increased load magnitude as muscle activity attributed to load was significantly different (p<0.05) under increased loading conditions in both movement phases in all muscles. Further, a significant interactional effect (p<0.05) between condition and data point was found in all muscles with the exception of the right and left lumbar erector spinae during the second movement phase of the “hip reach” task. Muscle activity associated with increased trunk motion resulted in additional strain on the trunk muscles in the “hip shoulder” and “hip reach” tasks as muscle activity associated with the static component of each of the above tasks was greater than that of the dynamic tasks. Trend of ground reaction forces attributed to increased trunk motion generally increased under increased loading conditions. Additionally, a significant interactional effect (p<0.05) between load and muscle activity pattern was found in all muscles during all tasks, with the exception of the right rectus abdominis in the first movement phase of the “hip shoulder’ task, the left rectus abdominis in the second movement phase of the “hip knee” task and the right latissimus dorsi during the first movement phase of the “hip twist” task. This was accompanied by a significant interactional effect (p<0.05) between load and sagittal centre of pressure movement attributed to load, in both movement phases of all tasks investigated. From this research it can be proposed that guidelines may underestimate risk and subsequently under predict the strain in tasks performed with greater external loads as well as tasks which require a greater degree of trunk motion. Therefore, this study illustrates the importance of the consideration of the muscle activity necessary to maintain postural equilibrium in overall load analyses.
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Negus, Suzanne Schleehauf. "A Novel Microbial Transglutaminase Derived From Streptoverticillium baldaccii." Thesis, Griffith University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367567.
Abstract:
Transglutaminase (TGase; protein-glutamine y-glutamyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.2.13) is an enzyme that catalyses the acyl transfer reaction by introducing covalent cross-links between proteins, peptides and various primary amines. Until recently, commercial TGase has been derived from mammalian origin. Calcium-dependent TGase extracted from guinea-pig liver and blood plasma have been investigated for the purpose of their application in the food industry. However, supply, complicated separation and purification procedures as well as the requirement for calcium have made it almost impossible to apply mammalian TGase in food processing on an industrial scale. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was first purified from the culture filtrate of Streptoverticillium S-8112, a variant of Stv. mobaraense and subsequently the extracellular enzyme has been purified from the culture filtrate of other Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces species. This enzyme is easily obtained by microbial fermentation and has been found to have the ability to induce cross-linking and gelation of food proteins. In addition, MTGase does not require calcium for activation which is of great advantage for the food industry as many food-proteins are easily precipitated in the presence of Ca2+ thus rendering them less sensitive to the enzymatic reaction. A commercial source of MTGase derived from Stv. mobaraense is available, however the optimum temperature range of this enzyme is 50 to 55 degrees C. Important to the food industry is the requirement of catalytic activity at low temperatures so the need for a low temperature variant is desirable. This thesis explores the possibility of finding a bacterial source which retains MTGase activity at low temperatures and can be produced on an industrial scale. Thus provided the MTGase functions at the required temperature the reduced catalytic activity can be offset by using more enzyme. Psychrophilic, psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria were screened for the presence of a related TGase gene. A PCR strategy which amplified the region of the gene encoding the putative active site of MTGase was utilised for the selection and cloning of the gene. This successful screening strategy led to the cloning of the entire coding sequence of the mature form of MTGase from mesophilic actinomycetes including several Streptoverticillium species (Stv. mobaraense, Stv. griseocarneum, Stv. cinnamoneum ssp. cinnamoneum) and Streptomyces lavendulae and also from a previously unreported mesophilic bacteria, Stv. baldaccii. Structural relationships of the gene and protein were analysed by Southern and western blotting, respectively. MTGase derived from Stv. baldaccii was examined to determine the optimal growth conditions for maximum enzyme activity and whether this enzyme could function at low temperatures. Stv. baldaccii TGase exhibits characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes found in psychrophilic bacteria. Stv. baldaccii TGase has a lower temperature optimum, higher specific activity at low temperatures and thermal instability at moderately high temperatures. Industrial applications often require continuous large volumes of enzyme product. In this study a purification scheme was developed for the isolation of endogenous MTGase from the culture filtrate of Stv. baldnccii. However for commercial applications a recombinant source would overcome problems with supply, production time and complex and expensive growth requirements. MTGase gene encompassing the entire coding region for the protein from Stv. baldaccii was expressed in E. coli and produced an active enzyme. The recombinant MTGase shared similar immunological and enzymatic characteristics as the endogenous enzyme. The findings of this thesis are: (i) A PCR method was developed for selection and cloning of the gene based on the sequence encoding the mature active form and the putative active site encoding region of the TGase gene from Stv. mobaraense; (ii) The entire coding sequence of the mature form of MTGase from mesophilic Streptoverticillium species (Stv. mobaraense, Stv. griseocarneum, Stv. cinnamoneum ssp. cinnamoneum and Stv. baldaccii) and Streptomyces lavendulae were compared; (iii) Structural analysis of the protein by western blotting revealed that there is a related protein produced within the Streptoverticillium species with both the Pro-TGase and the active mature enzyme detected in the culture filtrate. Southern blot hybridisation revealed that MTGase produced within Streptoverticillium species is related by genomic organisation, with only one copy of the gene detected; (iv) Stv. baldaccii TGase production was optimised by a systematic analysis of growth conditions: TGase production was favoured by growth at low temperatures with maximum growth and enzyme activity occurring when cultured cells changed from exponential phase to stationary phase; (v) Stv. baldaccii TGase exhibits characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes found in psychrophilic bacteria with its low temperature optimum, higher specific activity at low temperatures and thermal instability at 55 degrees C; (vi) Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the TGase gene cloned from Stv. mobaraense and Stv. baldaccii showed approximately 80 % identity. This difference in the protein sequence of the two MTGases may be responsible for the lower activity optima and heat instability of Stv. baldaccii TGase; (vii) The MTGase gene encompassing the entire coding region for the protein from Stv. baldaccii was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant MTGase showed immunological and enzymatic characteristics similar to the endogenous form of the enzyme and therefore the same purification conditions were applied. Taken together I have shown that MTGase from Stv. baldaccii has high specific activity at low temperatures and the enzyme is produced at comparable levels to Stv. mobaraense under a variety of conditions. The enzyme can be over-expressed in E. coli thus providing a convenient production pathway since E. coli media has been optimised as a result of many studies to minimise the cost of production. A recombinant source would overcome supply, reduce production time and produce the enzyme cheaply and in abundant amounts. This thesis provides detailed proof of concept for the development of a commercial, high activity, temperature desensitised enzyme for use in biofilm production and protein manipulation with potential application in the food and beverage industry.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Jamieson, David. "Characterisation and manipulation of NQO1 and NQO2 activity and expression and the effect on routinely used and experimental cancer chemotherapeutic agents." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423724.
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Stein, Sebastian. "Multi-modal recognition of manipulation activities through visual accelerometer tracking, relational histograms, and user-adaptation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/61c22b7e-5f02-4f21-a948-bf9e7b497120.
Abstract:
Activity recognition research in computer vision and pervasive computing has made a remarkable trajectory from distinguishing full-body motion patterns to recognizing complex activities. Manipulation activities as occurring in food preparation are particularly challenging to recognize, as they involve many different objects, non-unique task orders and are subject to personal idiosyncrasies. Video data and data from embedded accelerometers provide complementary information, which motivates an investigation of effective methods for fusing these sensor modalities. This thesis proposes a method for multi-modal recognition of manipulation activities that combines accelerometer data and video at multiple stages of the recognition pipeline. A method for accelerometer tracking is introduced that provides for each accelerometer-equipped object a location estimate in the camera view by identifying a point trajectory that matches well the accelerometer data. It is argued that associating accelerometer data with locations in the video provides a key link for modelling interactions between accelerometer-equipped objects and other visual entities in the scene. Estimates of accelerometer locations and their visual displacements are used to extract two new types of features: (i) Reference Tracklet Statistics characterizes statistical properties of an accelerometer's visual trajectory, and (ii) RETLETS, a feature representation that encodes relative motion, uses an accelerometer's visual trajectory as a reference frame for dense tracklets. In comparison to a traditional sensor fusion approach where features are extracted from each sensor-type independently and concatenated for classification, it is shown that combining RETLETS and Reference Tracklet Statistics with those sensor-specific features performs considerably better. Specifically addressing scenarios in which a recognition system would be primarily used by a single person (e.g., cognitive situational support), this thesis investigates three methods for adapting activity models to a target user based on user-specific training data. Via randomized control trials it is shown that these methods indeed learn user idiosyncrasies. All proposed methods are evaluated on two new challenging datasets of food preparation activities that have been made publicly available. Both datasets feature a novel combination of video and accelerometers attached to objects. The Accelerometer Localization dataset is the first publicly available dataset that enables quantitative evaluation of accelerometer tracking algorithms. The 50 Salads dataset contains 50 sequences of people preparing mixed salads with detailed activity annotations.
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Avramopoulos, Petros [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Engelhardt, Stefan [Gutachter] Engelhardt, and Arne [Gutachter] Skerra. "Optical analysis of microRNA activity and therapeutic manipulation of microRNA-29 in vivo / Petros Avramopoulos ; Gutachter: Stefan Engelhardt, Arne Skerra ; Betreuer: Stefan Engelhardt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220320455/34.
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Maitre, Julien. "Vieillissement, activité physique et contrôle postural Analyse de l’interaction à travers l’utilisation de manipulations sensorielles multiples et combinées." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3033/document.
Abstract:
L’objectif général de ce travail doctoral était de étudier la résultante entre les bénéfices induits par l’activité physique chronique et les effets délétères de l’avancée en âge sur la fonction d’équilibration. Pour cela, différentes techniques de manipulations sensorielles (e.g. stimulation vestibulaire galvanique, vibration tendineuse, électromyostimulation, tapis de mousse) ont été employées dans le cadre de tâches posturales bipodales. Les principaux résultats montrent que les manipulations sensorielles affectent le contrôle postural quel que soit l’âge et le niveau de pratique physique du sujet. Par ailleurs, l’avancée en âge semble majorer les effets perturbateurs des manipulations sensorielles. Le comportement postural observé pourrait, en grande partie, résulter d’une dégradation de la proprioception. Lorsque l’information proprioceptive est manipulée (i.e. vibration tendineuse), le groupe de sujets âgés ne pratiquant aucune activité physique saturerait plus rapidement le système proprioceptif que les autre groupes de sujets. En revanche, l’activité physique chronique limiterait la dégradation de la capacité d’équilibration. Elle pourrait améliorer la capacité des sujets âgés à recalibrer l’information sensorielle erronée et renforcerait l’efficacité de la proprioception. En filigrane, une optimisation fonctionnelle du système postural permettrait de compenser partiellement les effets du vieillissement. En effet, les involutions qui s’opèrent au cours de l’avancée en âge au niveau des systèmes sensoriels et du système nerveux central s’avèrent inéluctables. Elles empêchent les sujets âgés pratiquant une activité physique régulière de maintenir une habileté à compenser une perturbation posturale similaire à celle de sujets jeunes sportifsThe overall objective of this thesis was to analyse the benefits resulting from the chronic physical activity and the deleterious effects induced by aging on postural control. To this end, different sensory manipulation techniques (e.g. vestibular galvanic stimulation, tendon vibration, electromyostimulation, foam surface) were used in the context of bipedal postural tasks. The main results showed that sensory manipulations affect postural control whatever the age and the level of physical practice of the subject. In addition, the disruptive effects of the sensory manipulations on postural control seem to increase with aging. This postural behaviour could largely result from the involution of the proprioception. When proprioception is disrupted (i.e. tendon vibration), the non-active old subjects group would saturate the proprioceptive system more quickly than the other groups. In contrast, the chronic physical activity would limit the involution of the postural control effectiveness. It could improve the ability of the old subjects to reweight sensory information and enhance the proprioception effectiveness. Hence, a functional postural control optimization might partly compensate the aging effects. Indeed, age-related involutions of sensory systems and central nervous system occurring across life span are inevitable. They prevent the older subjects who practice regular physical activity to maintain a similar ability to cope with postural disruptions in comparison with young athletes
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George, Zenas Okon. "Expression and genetic manipulation of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins for improved toxicity and development of a protocol for in vivo selection of toxin variants with improved activity." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7392/.
Abstract:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its insecticidal toxins have been used in pest control for decades but there is a great concern about its future as a successful pest control agent due to the development of insect resistance and the narrow spectrum of activity of the toxins. To ensure the continuous relevance of Bt toxins in pest control, projects aimed at isolating novel Bt strains expressing toxins with improved activity are vigorously pursued and the genetic manipulation of existing toxins to improve their activity and overcome resistance is also undertaken. The aim of this project was to genetically manipulate the genes encoding Cry1Ah and Cry1Ie for improved activity aimed at countering resistance evolved by populations of Plutella xylostella. The project was also aimed at expressing cry30Ea and cry40Da genes cloned from highly mosquitocidal Bt strains S2160-1 and S2196 respectively and at developing a protocol for the in vivo selection of toxin variants with improved activity. Cry1Ah was successfully expressed in E. coli JM109 under the control of a cry1Ac promoter and ribosome binding site and in Bt IPS/78/11 under the control of the cyt1Aa promoter while Cry1Ie was also expressed in E. coli JM109. The expressed Cry1Ah and Cry1Ie toxins were found to be toxic to both susceptible (G88) and Cry1A resisitant (KARAK) populations of Plutella xylostella though there was significant cross resistance to Cry1Ah in KARAK. A genetically manipulated hybrid toxin CryAIA aimed at creating a novel toxin that captures the relatively broad spectrum of Cry1Ah but overcoming KARAK resistance was expressed but found to be non-toxic. Attempts to express cry30Ea and cry40Da were also not successful despite utilising different hosts and expression vector systems that have successfully been used in expressing other cry genes. Meanwhile, the strategy designed to enrich for more toxic Bt strains in vivo in from a mixed treatment in fact found that the non-toxic R128M strain dominated the toxic 431 strain.
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Gehlen, Jana [Verfasser], Frank Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] [Spehr. "Pharmacological manipulation of oscillatory activity in the retina of the retinitis pigmentosa mouse model rd10 improves efficiency of electrical stimulation / Jana Gehlen ; Frank Müller, Marc Spehr." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218019700/34.
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Gehlen, Jana Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] [Spehr. "Pharmacological manipulation of oscillatory activity in the retina of the retinitis pigmentosa mouse model rd10 improves efficiency of electrical stimulation / Jana Gehlen ; Frank Müller, Marc Spehr." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218019700/34.
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Eyermann, Barbara [Verfasser], Stephan A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieber, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Eisenreich, and Stephan A. [Gutachter] Sieber. "A Dual Inhibitor Attenuates Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus and Manipulation of ClpP Activity / Barbara Eyermann ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Eisenreich, Stephan A. Sieber ; Betreuer: Stephan A. Sieber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201482755/34.
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Theorin, Anna. "To select one hand while using both neural mechanisms supporting flexible hand dominance in bimanual object manipulation /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-29805.
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Engvall, Margareta. "Handlingar i matematikklassrummet : En studie av undervisningsverksamheter på lågstadiet då räknemetoder för addition och subtraktion är i fokus." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100179.
Abstract:
Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva, analysera och förstå matematikundervisning på lågstadiet. Mer precist är syftet att undersöka vad denna undervisning ger elever i några klassrum möjlighet att lära då undervisningsinnehållet är skriftliga räknemetoder för addition och ubtraktion. Centrala frågor är vad lärare och elever gör i matematikklassrummet och vad eleverna, som en följd av undervisningen har möjlighet att lära. En fältstudie har genomförts i fem klasser med början på våren i år 2 och fortsättning under hösten i år 3. Sammanlagt 24 lektioner har videofilmats. Materialet har analyserats i två etapper, med början i en empiri nära, tematisk analys. Verksamhetsteorin är teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyget som inspirerats av Engeströms modell för verksamhetssystem har varit vägledande i den andra etappen av analysen. Resultatet visar fyra typer av undervisningsverksamheter i matematik, vilka resulterar i möjligt lärande som varierar i förhållande till de förmågemål som anges i Lgr11. Det framgår också att de utmärkande metoder som lärare och elever använder kan ordnas i fem grupper, i huvudsak beroende på vilka kunskapsaspekter metoderna riktas mot. Det gäller metoder där procedurer, begrepp och samband, matematisk kommunikation och resonemang samt intresse och tilltro är i centrum, tillsammans med metoder som bidrar till stötestenar, vilka innebär utmaningar för både lärare och elever. Resultatet diskuteras mot bakgrund av forskning om undervisning och lärande i matematik med inriktning mot språklig kommunikation, användning av laborativt material, klassrumskultur och klassrumsorganisation.The aim of this study is to describe, analyse and understand teaching of mathematics in lower primary school. More precisely, the aim is to investigate what this teaching offers pupils in some classrooms in terms of learning, when the content of teaching is written calculation methods for addition and subtraction. Teachers’ and pupils’ activities are in focus, as well as what it is possible for the pupils to learn as a consequence of these activities. Collection of data has been carried out in five classes, starting in spring when the pupils were in second grade and finished by the end of the autumn, when the pupils were in third grade. The video-recorded material comprises a total of 24 lessons. The collected research material has been analysed in two steps, where the first step can be described as empirically oriented and thematical. The theoretical perspective is Activity theory (CHAT) and an analysing tool, inspired by Engeström’s model has guided the second step of the analysis. The result demonstrates four types of teaching activities in mathematics, which leads to possible learning that varies in relation to the educational goals set in the curriculum (Lgr11). It is also shown that teachers and pupils make use of a variety of characteristic methods, which can be sorted into five groups, primarily based on ability aspects that are actualised by different methods. These are methods, where (1) procedures, (2) concepts and connections, (3) mathematical communication and reasoning, and (4) interest and confidence are in focus. There is also a fifth group, but it deviates from the others, as it consists of methods that contribute to (5) stumbling blocks, which in turn means that they become challenges for teachers as well as pupils. The results are discussed in relation to other research about teaching and learning mathematics.
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Bayram, Zeki. "Contrôle de l'activité en chimie." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131864.
Abstract:
Ce travail est centré sur l'activité de laboratoire en chimie, dans ses aspects manipulatoires et en prenant en compte les ressources cognitives qui permettent de contrôler cette activité. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur la place de cette pratique dans le curriculum de chimie dans l'enseignement général.Le premier volet est l'analyse de ce qu'est cette pratique de laboratoire des chimistes, à partir de leur discours, obtenu avec une technique d'entretien. Le deuxième volet est l'analyse des protocoles proposés aux élèves et des grilles d'observation fournies aux évaluateurs pour les épreuves de capacités expérimentales de baccalauréat de la session 1999. Dans le troisième volet, nous avons cherché les traces d'une éventuelle prise en charge d'un apprentissage progressif du contrôle de l'activité dans les manuels scolaires de lycée.Nous nous intéresserons à la progressivité, à la cohérence des manuels, considérés comme relevant du curriculum possible, sur ces aspects.
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Qian, Yang. "Conception et Commande d’un Robot d’Assistance à la Personne." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0005/document.
Abstract:
Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la conception et réalisation d’un robot d’assistance à la personne. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons particulièrement à la conception, à la modélisation et à la commande d’un robot manipulateur mobile. La conception mécanique couplée à un outil de simulation dynamique multi-corps nous a permis d’obtenir un modèle virtuel très réaliste. Le modèle cinématique du système a été obtenu en utilisant la méthode D-H modifiée. L’approche Bond graph et la méthode de Lagrange ont permis de construire le modèle dynamique. Un algorithme hybride qui combine la pseudoinverse du jacobien et la méthode RRT a été proposé pour la planification de mouvement d’un manipulateur redondant et rechercher de configurations continues, stables et sans collision. Un contrôleur basé sur les réseaux de neurones a été introduit pour la commande coordonnée d’un manipulateur mobile. Cette méthode ne nécessite pas un modèle précis du robot. Les paramètres inconnus sont identifiés et compensés en utilisant des réseaux de neurones RBF. Un algorithme de contrôle similaire est présenté pour la commande force/position d’un manipulateur mobile qui est soumis à des contraintes holonomes et nonholonomes. L’étude de la main robotique a été effectuée séparément avant d’être couplée au reste du système. Les modèles cinématique et dynamique du système main-objet ont été obtenus en utilisant les approches mathématiques et bond graph. Un algorithme est proposé afin d’assurer une prise ferme, éviter les dérapages et suivre les mouvements désirés. Les validations des modèles et des différentes lois de commande ont été effectuées grâce à la co-simulation Matlab/modèle virtuelThe purpose of this thesis is to design, model and control of a personal assistant robot used for domestic tasks. In order to make the robot’s design more efficient, a virtual simulation system is built using dynamic simulation software. The kinematic model is set up based on modified D-H principle. The dynamic model is built using the Lagrange theorem and elaborated in Matlab. We also employ an energy-based approach for modeling and its bond graph notation ensures encapsulation of functionality, extendibility and reusability of each element of the model. A hybrid algorithm of combining the Jacobian pseudoinverse algorithm with Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree method is presented for collision-free path planning of a redundant manipulator. An intelligent robust controller based on neural network is introduced for the coordinated control of a mobile manipulator. This method does not require an accurate model of the robot. Unknown dynamic parameters of the mobile platform and the manipulator are identified and compensated in closed-loop control using RBF neural network. A similar control algorithm is presented for coordinated force/motion control of a mobile manipulator suffering both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. Kinematics and dynamics of a dexterous hand manipulating an object with known shape by rolling contacts are derived. A computed torque control algorithm is presented to ensure firm grip, avoid slippage and well track a given motion imposed to the object. The validation of models and different control laws were made by the co-simulation Matlab / virtual model
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Ben, Slimene Imen. "L'impact de la réglementation sur la qualité et le coût de l'audit en Europe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG006/document.
Abstract:
Dans la perspective d’une évaluation critique des réformes adoptées récemment par la commission européenne et la législation des pays membres, cette recherche analyse les rôles respectifs de l’auditeur et de la réglementation qui régit son activité sur la qualité et le coût de l’audit. S’appuyant sur un échantillon 4218 firmes européennes pour une période allant de 2007 à 2010, notre première étude traite de l’impact de l’auditeur et de la réglementation de l’audit sur la qualité des chiffres comptables. Les résultats montrent que les Big n’offrent aucune garantie particulière sur la qualité de l’information comptable s’ils ne sont pas simultanément spécialistes de l’activité de la firme auditée. Elle montre aussi que la nature et l'ampleur de la gestion des résultats sont influencées par les réglementations nationales de l’audit. Il apparait en effet que l’audit conduit à une information de meilleure qualité lorsque la responsabilité de l’auditeur est délictuelle plutôt que contractuelle, mais aussi lorsque son mandat peut être remis en cause chaque année. Cette étude offre également un éclairage nouveau aux différends qui opposent auditeurs et régulateurs en matière de services annexes en montrant qu’il n’est pas forcément souhaitable d’interdire ou de contraindre trop fortement ces services. Ils conduisent les auditeurs à mieux percevoir l’entreprise, ce qui leur permet d’agir utilement sur l’ampleur des manipulations réelles. Il apparait enfin que les mesures visant à imposer la rotation de l’associé signataire responsable de la mission d’audit ou à imposer un audit joint sont sans effets réels.Retenant un échantillon de 4293 firmes européennes sur la période allant de 2003 à 2011, la deuxième étude traite de l’impact de l’auditeur et de la réglementation de l’audit sur les honoraires d’audit. Les résultats montrent que recourir à des auditeurs réputés (Big ou spécialistes du secteur d’activité de la firme auditée) génère, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, des honoraires d’audit plus élevés. Il apparait aussi que trois des attributs réglementaires étudiés (la responsabilité délictuelle de l’auditeur, la remise en cause annuelle du mandat de l’audit, l’obligation d’un audit conjoint) affectent positivement les honoraires d’audit versés par les firmes européennes. Le rapprochement des résultats des deux études que nous avons menées montre donc que, moyennant le paiement d’honoraires plus élevés, des auditeurs spécialistes sont un gage de qualité des chiffres comptables audités. Ce rapprochement montre aussi que la responsabilité délictuelle de l’auditeur et la possibilité d’une remise en cause annuelle de son mandat garantissent la qualité des chiffres comptables, ces deux contraintes réglementaires étant par ailleurs associées à des honoraires d’audit plus conséquentsThis dissertation includes two studies. The first study analyzes the impact of auditor quality and audit regulation on the quality of accounting information, particularly on tradeoff between accrual-based and activity-based earnings management. In the second study in order to better understand the audit fees incurred by listed European companies we analysis the impact of audit regulation on the level of audit fees.Our representative sample is 4219 firms listed on European capital markets from 15 European countries over the period 2007 to 2010. Based on our sample, in the first study we analyze the respective impacts of both auditor quality and audit regulation on earnings quality. We capture auditor quality through using both audit firm size and audit firm industry specialization. We analyze five attributes of audit regulation including namely duration of audit tenure, restrictions on provision of non-audit services, nature of the auditors’ liability, constraints on audit partners’ rotation and obligation of a joint audit.Our main results are as follows: A) Only income-increasing earnings management, which is resulted in overstated earnings, is affected by auditor quality or audit regulations. B) Audit firm expertise influences negatively on the level of the both accrual-based earnings management and activity-based earnings management. Audits provided by large audit firms (i.e. Big4 auditors), have no impact on both accrual-based and activity-based earnings management. C) Audit firm expertise is not the only factor that affects audit quality and earnings quality. Regulation that governs audit services plays a major role in earnings quality as well. Two regulatory attributes have significant beneficial impact on accrual-based earnings management: the nature of the auditor’s liability and the minimal duration of the audit mandate. D) There is a substitution effect between accrual-based and activity-based earnings management, regarding the two attributes of audit regulation that are effective in curbing discretionary accruals. Because of regulatory constraints, the firms that cannot manage accruals upward apply more real activity management, and consequently their earnings are left affected by management actions.In 14 European countries, the diversity of regulations that govern statutory audits provides us with the opportunity to analyze how audit regulation affects audit fees. Using a sample of 4293 European firms over the period 2003 to 2011, in the second study we analyze the attributes of audit regulation, namely duration of audit tenure, restrictions on provision of non-audit services and nature of the auditors’ liability joint audit. Based on Our main results, in addition to usual determinants of audit fees (auditor reputation, firm size, leverage, audit risk…), the three attributes under study impact audit fees significantly. Fees are lower when regulation allows long audit tenure, or non-audit services, as well as when the auditor’s liability is based on tort law
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Victor, Aldo. "The effect of spinal manipulation on biceps brachii muscle activity." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2210.
Abstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Background The electromyographic response post-spinal manipulation may support the elucidation of the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of spinal manipulation on motor activity as well as on arthrogenic muscle inhibition. The literature shows conflicting evidence regarding the excitatory or inhibitory nature of the reflexive electromyographic response and the excitability of the homonymous motor neuron pool post-spinal manipulation. The current study investigated whether the electromyographic response post-spinal manipulation is affected by a facilitated golgi tendon organ Ib inhibitory di-synaptic spinal reflex as part of the convergent input on the homonymous motor neuron pool excitability. Objectives The objectives of this placebo-controlled, single-blinded, repeated measures design were: 1) to determine electrical activity and muscle force of the biceps brachii muscle immediately before and after an Activator Adjusting II Instrument placebo spinal manipulation, 2) to determine electrical activity and muscle force of the biceps brachii muscle immediately before and after a C5/C6 spinal manipulation, 3) to compare the electrical activity and muscle force of the biceps brachii muscle between the control and intervention groups pre- and post-test. Method Each participant performed three sets of modified stretching of the biceps brachii muscle with two minute rest intervals between each set in a single appointment, of which at a standardized fourth second during each set an intervention was applied to the ipsilateral C5/C6 segment. The first intervention (AAI 1) entailed the application of an Activator II Adjustment Instrument placebo spinal manipulation; the second intervention (AAI 2) entailed the application of an Activator II Adjustment Instrument placebo spinal manipulation; and the third intervention (SMT) entailed the application of spinal manipulation. One-second electromyography (EMG) segments were taken during the force plateau of each set; the EMG signal was processed through Root Mean Square (RMS) analysis and the muscle force data were obtained by using the Biopac - MP 150 Data Acquisition system and AcqKnowledge analysis software. Results The objective data analysis revealed a noteworthy scientific finding of a medical anomalous inverse relationship between the muscle force and EMG RMS immediately post-spinal manipulation. The immediate post-SMT intervention revealed an increase in the biceps brachii muscle force by 4.76 % and a decrease in the biceps EMG RMS by 9.03 % with a summation of percentage difference between the muscle force and EMG RMS of 13.79 %. The immediate post-placebo AAI 1 intervention showed a decrease in the biceps EMG RMS by 1.86 % and a decrease in the biceps brachii muscle force by 0.85 % with a summation of percentage difference between the muscle force and EMG RMS of 1.01 %. The immediate post-placebo AAI 2 intervention showed a decrease in the biceps EMG RMS by 0.05 % and a decrease in the biceps brachii muscle force by 1.97 % with a summation of percentage difference between the muscle force and EMG RMS of 1.92 %. Conclusion Further research is warranted to add statistical significance to the inverse relationship between muscle force and EMG RMS observed immediately post-spinal manipulation. This knowledge obtained, may have clinical relevance for rehabilitation practitioners and physical therapists by providing evidence based support for the suggestion that optimal management of patients with muscle weakness suspected to be of arthrogenic nature could include the application of spinal manipulation to the segmentally innervated facet joints before traditional strength training is initiated.
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nan, Hong Yu, and 洪毓男. "The Market Valuation of Manipulation of R&D Activity." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24827823303851432061.
Abstract:
碩士大葉大學
會計資訊學系碩士班
102
In this study we examine the market rewards for firms just meeting or beating earnings targets through manipulating R&D activities, We find that the cumulated equity premium of firms manipulating R&D activities exclusively to meet analysts' expectations is lowerthan for firms thatjust meeting or beating earnings targets without earnings management when return window is set asone day after the earnings announcement. This finding suggests that the market is able to identify firms that would have missed earnings targets without cutting R&D expenditure and then attach an equity penalty to these firms.＿
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Esteves, Rita Maria Santos. "Development of Optogenetic Tools for Manipulating Neuronal Activity and Behaviour in Zebrafish." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21501.
Abstract:
Integration of sensory input and computation of behavioural output is a dynamic process involving diverse populations of cells often distributed throughout the brain.
To study this topic, monitoring neuronal activity from a large population of cells and manipulating targeted neuronal activity in a behaving animal is crucial. This is possible in zebrafish, due to its small and transparent larval brain and its genetic malleability, by making use of optogenetic tools that allow reversible light-dependent activation and inhibition of neuronal activity, and genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI) that enable non-invasive activity recording.
State-of-the-art optogenetic tools with faster kinetics and higher sensitivity facilitate reliable manipulation of activity with high temporal precision during behaviour. Such tools have been developed to be compatible with better calcium indicators to successfully manipulate and optically record neuronal activity simultaneously.
In this project, the latest developed optogenetic tools - activators ChrimsonR, C1V1(t/t) and Chronos, inhibitor Jaws, red calcium sensor jRCaMP1b and nuclear markers H2B-RFP and H2B-mCherry - were optimized to be expressed in zebrafish. Behavioural assays to characterize the activating and inhibitory optogenetic tools ChrimsonR and Jaws were established. An escape response of short latency could reliably be evoked in transgenic animals with stable expression of ChrimsonR in trigeminal neurons. Combination of this fast, sensitive and red-shifted tool with GCaMP calcium imaging opens the possibility to simultaneously manipulate and record activity with high spatial and temporal precision from a large population of neurons to study their dynamic interactions during behaviour.
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Chang, Hung-Yi, and 張宏毅. "Morphological Manipulation of Cerium Oxide Nanopowders- Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Oxidation Activity." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77539895923167859633.
Abstract:
博士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
93
In this study, CeO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by isothermal and non-isothermal precipitations, respectively. The effects of solvents, temperatures, atmospheres and precursors, on the particle size, shape, crystalline structure, optical properties are investigated. The CeO2 particle evolutions at various temperatures are also explored. Furthermore, the catalytic activities for CO oxidation over various CeO2 nanoparticles are studied. Experimental results show that, via isothermal precipitation, the particle sizes of resulting products are decreased from 20 to 5 nm by decreasing the reaction temperature, which also results in the blueshift of UV absorption due to quantum size effect. As the reaction temperature increases from 30 to 90 oC, the particle shape observed from TEM images transforms from tetragonal to hexagonal attributed to the preferable {111} planes at higher temperature. Moreover, for the CeO2 synthesis in alcohol-water systems, the particle size of resulting products decreases in order as pure water > MeOH/water > EtOH/water ≒ n-PrOH/water ≒ i-PrOH/water ≒ t-BuOH/water > EG/water. Also, the particle size decreases with increasing the amount of alcohol. Since the dielectric constant of reaction medium plays an important role on the nucleation of particles, a comprehensive model correlated between final particle size (dp) and dielectric constant (ε) in mixed solvents (1/dp = A+ B/ε) is obtained. In addition, high oxygen-containing atmosphere, e.g., O2 concentration above 50 %, needle-like CeO2 nanoaprticles are found in the final products. From the evolutions of CeO2 particles at reaction temperatures of 0-90 oC, it is found that the initial Ce(OH)3 precipitate is needle-like at the stage of precipitation above 50 oC. Whereas Ce(OH)3 tiny nanoparticles are precipitated below 50 oC. Afterwards, the Ce(OH)3 needles are broken into nanocrystals and then transformed to be hexagonal-shaped via orientated attachment (OA) and Ostwald ripening (OR) mechanisms. The non-isothermal preparation includes two stages, i.e., precipitating at a given temperature for 5 min, and followed by aging at alternative temperature for 20 hr. The results show that, the final products, synthesized by precipitating at higher temperature (70-90 oC) and then aging at very low temperature (0 oC), are needle-like which are via topotactic mechanism. It is worth to note, the surfaces of CeO2 nanoneedles are preferrably composed of {100} and {110} facets. In addition, the CeO2 nanoneedles can only be obtained starting from the Ce3+ precursor, which can not be formed from the Ce4+ precursor. Furthermore, CO oxidation is used as the model reaction to compare the catalytic activity of various CeO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the activities of catalysts decrease in order as CN-0 (calcined nanoneedles) > N-0(nanoneedles) > CP-90(calcined nanohexagons) > P-90 (nanohexagons) > CERAC(commercial powders). It reveals the activity of catalyst can be enhanced by means of calcination treatment due to the higher degree of crytallinity. Among five catalysts, CN-0 exhibits highest catalytic activity. For example, the CO conversion for CN-0 at 275 oC is about 3.5 times higher than that for commercial powders. This result can be comprehended from the temperature programming reduction (TPR) result of CN-0 catalyst which provides the most surface oxygen sites preferably composed of higher active {110} and {100} facets. In addition, the results of temperature programming desorption (TPD) and IR absorption spectra indicate that stronger adsorption of CO is found for CN-0 than CP-90. Therefore, the morphological manipulation of CeO2 nanoparticles is quite important for determining their catalytic oxidation activity, which also reveals the promise of needle-like CeO2 in future uses.
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Dicks, Jason. "The effect of ankle joint manipulation on peroneal and soleus muscle activity in chronic ankle instability syndrome." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1772.
Abstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Purpose: Ankle sprains are amongst the most common injury sustained by athletes and the general public. When an ankle is repeatedly sprained it results in chronic ankle instability syndrome (CAIS). This repeated trauma results in disruption of the afferent nerve supply from the injured joint, which affects the motor neuron pool excitability of the peroneal and soleus muscles resulting in arthogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). Traditional treatment for CAIS focuses on rehabilitation of the affected muscles via strength and proprioceptive training. Recent literature has shown that the addition of ankle joint manipulation resulted in improved clinical outcomes in the treatment of CAIS. The mechanism on how joint manipulation affects AMI is under-investigated especially in extremity joints. Thus this study aimed to determine the immediate effect of ankle joint manipulation on peroneal and soleus muscle activity, by assessing surface electromyography (sEMG) H/M ratio to detect a change in the proportion of the total motor neuron pool being recruited, in participants with CAIS. Methods: The study utilised a quantitative, experimental, pre-test post-test study design. Forty two participants with grade I and II CAIS, aged 18-45 years, were randomly allocated into one of three groups. Group one received a single talocrural joint long axis distraction manipulation, group two received a sham manipulation and group three was the control receiving no intervention. sEMG H/M ratio measurements were taken before and immediately after the intervention using a Biopac wireless emg system. Results: The groups were comparable at baseline for age, gender, body mass index and H/M ratio measurements for the soleus and peroneal muscles (p < 0.050). Intra-group analysis of the soleus muscle H/M ratio showed no statistically significant change over time for the manipulation (p = 0.975) and sham (p = 0.056) groups, with the control group showing a statistically significant (p = 0.019) decrease in the H/M ratio. For the peroneal muscle no statistically significant (p > 0.050) differences were observed in any of the three groups. Inter-group analysis of the soleus muscle H/M ratio measurements showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups (p = 0.470; F = 1.010) over time, with Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test revealing a statistically significant (p = 0.028) difference being observed between the sham and control groups in terms of post soleus muscle H/M ratio measurements. Conclusion: This study failed to show that ankle joint manipulation affects the soleus and peroneal muscles in terms of H/M ratio measurements in participants with CAIS. There may have been a trend of an effect of the sham and manipulation interventions counteracting the muscle fatigue experienced in the control group, however further investigation is required.
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