Books on the topic 'Manipulation of ground'
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1
Ronzhin, Andrey, Tien Ngo, Quyen Vu, and Vinh Nguyen. Ground and Air Robotic Manipulation Systems in Agriculture. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86826-0.
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Detinko, Alla. Probabilistic Group Theory, Combinatorics, and Computing: Lectures from the Fifth de Brún Workshop. London: Springer London, 2013.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a democratic press. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1994.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a democratic press. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1993.
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Joswig, Michael. Polyhedral and Algebraic Methods in Computational Geometry. London: Springer London, 2013.
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The new genetics: Challenges for science, faith, and politics. Wakefield, R.I: Moyer Bell, 1996.
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Ronzhin, Andrey, Vinh Nguyen, Tien Ngo, and Quyen Vu. Ground and Air Robotic Manipulation Systems in Agriculture. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
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Ronzhin, Andrey, Vinh Nguyen, Tien Ngo, and Quyen Vu. Ground and Air Robotic Manipulation Systems in Agriculture. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.
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9
von Philipsborn, Anne C. Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0003.
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Behavioral neurobiology aims at explaining behavior at the level of neurons and neuronal circuits, based on linking comparative anatomy, and the observation and manipulation of nervous system activity with animal behavior. The numerical simplicity and the presence of identified neurons in insect nervous systems make them outstanding model systems for neurobiology. The insect nervous system has a common ground plan with functionally specialized regions for sensory processing, integration, and motor control. In holometabolous species, the nervous system is restructured during metamorphosis to support new behavior. Different forms of plasticity allow for behavioral adaptations in the adult stage. Neuronal circuits for behavior in Drosophila melanogaster can be effectively analysed with genetic tools, as exemplified for courtship and mating behavior. Recent developments in connectomics and genome editing are expected to further behavioral neurobiology in a broad range of species and permit a comprehensive comparative approach to the neurobiology of behavioral ecology.
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Cooper, Mark S. Hormone therapies in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0049.
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A range of hormonal manipulations have been proposed as adjunctive therapy during critical care. These therapies might be used to treat a pre-existing or acquired hormonal disorder. Additionally, hormonal manipulation has been suggested to alter the long-term outcome of critical illness, even in patients without structural abnormalities of endocrine glands. Currently, the effectiveness of these anabolic therapies has not been established and they might be harmful in some patient groups. Recently, it has been recognized that many critically-ill patients have low levels of vitamin D and this is associated with an adverse outcome. It is still unclear whether replacement of vitamin D will be effective in improving outcome. This chapter will also highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing hormonal deficiency in patients with known pituitary disease and with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is associated with a high prevalence of acute and long-term pituitary dysfunction. The management of the rare, but important thyroid disorders requiring critical care, thyroid storm, and myxoedema coma, will also be discussed.
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Judson, D. H. Manipulating power asymmetry in dyads via external reinforcement contingencies. 1988.
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Clash of identities: Media, manipulation, and politics of the self. [Scarborough, Ont: Prentice-Hall Canada], 1996.
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Glazov, M. M. Interaction of Spins with Light. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0006.
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This chapter presents the details of the optical manipulation of electron spin states. It also addresses manifestations of the electron and nuclear spin dynamics in optical response of semiconductor nanostructures via spin-Faraday and -Kerr effects. Coupling of spins with light provides the most efficient method of nonmagnetic spin manipulation. The main aim of this chapter is to provide the theoretical grounds for optical spin injection, ultrafast spin control, and readout of spin states by means of circularly and linearly polarized light pulses. The Faraday and Kerr effects induced by the electron and nuclear spin polarization are analyzed both by means of a macroscopic, semi-phenomenological approach and by using the microscopic quantum mechanical model. Theoretical analysis is supported by experimental data.
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Fearon, James, and Macartan Humphreys. Why Do Women Co-Operate More in Women’s Groups? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0010.
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A substantial amount of development programming assumes that women have preferences or aptitudes that are more conducive to economic development. For example, conditional cash transfer programmes commonly deliver funding to female household heads, and many microcredit schemes focus on women’s savings groups. This chapter examines a public goods game in northern Liberia. Women contributed substantially more to a small-scale development project when playing with other women than in mixed-gender groups, where they contributed at about the same levels as men. We try to explain this composition effect using a structural model, survey responses, and a second manipulation. Results suggest women in the all-women group put more weight on co-operation regardless of the value of the public good, the fear of discovery, or the desire to match others’ behaviour. We conjecture that players have stronger motivation to signal public-spiritedness when primed to consider themselves representatives of the women of the community.
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O'Brien, William Arctander. Friedrich von Hardenberg (Pseudonym Novalis). Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.11.
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For Hardenberg, the poets are surely ‘unacknowledged legislators of the world’, as Shelley would have it; and still more, they are the makers of the legitimacy that grounds legislation, that grounds the very existence of the state. InHeinrich von Afterdingen, legitimacy is a product of the poets’ manipulation of spectacle, convention, sign. It is a fiction that becomes a working fiction, a fiction actualized and institutionalized in the reality of the state. Hardenberg’s tale is no escape from political realities, as some claim of the Romantics, but a lesson in how political reality is made. Fiction makes the real, or, as Hardenberg noted at the time,notsentimentally: ‘The more poetic, the more true’ (III. 647). In politics, as in all else, this is the final word in Hardenberg’s Romanticism.
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Allan, Sandra A. Behavior-based control of insect crop pests. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0020.
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Manipulation of insect behavior can provide the foundation for effective strategies for control of insect crop pests. A detailed understanding of life cycles and the behavioral repertoires of insect pests is essential for development of this approach. A variety of strategies have been developed based on behavioral manipulation and include mass trapping, attract-and-kill, auto-dissemination, mating and host plant location disruption, and push-pull. Insight into application of these strategies for insect pests within Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera/Thysanoptera are provided, but first with an overview of economic damage and traditional control approaches, and overview of relevant behavioral/ecological traits. Then examples are provided of how these different control strategies are applied for each taxonomic group. The future of these approaches in the context of altered crop development for repellency or as anti-feedants, the effects of climate change and the risks of behaviorally-based methods are discussed.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a Democratic Press. Princeton University Press, 2014.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a Democratic Press. Princeton University Press, 2016.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a Democratic Press. Princeton University Press, 2014.
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Baker, C. Edwin. Advertising and a Democratic Press. Princeton University Press, 2014.
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21
Wolf, Richard K. Shah Jamal. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038587.003.0006.
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This chapter describes Muharram Ali's observations of drumming and music traditions linked to the Shah Jamal shrine in Lahore, Pakistan. Shah Jamal was a Sufi who lived in the time of Shah Jahan in the seventeenth century. The mound where his shrine is located is called Damdamah, and Shah Jamal's durbar rose seven stories above it. Across stood a queen's palace and the royal garden and pool. Ali reflects on the relationship between verbal and manual articulations of drum patterns; the emotional subtleties and speechlike qualities created through manipulations of tempo and intonation; and the spiritual and musical hierarchies. Lesser musicians are mere imitators. Qualified musicians must transcend mere replication to produce an appropriate variation or response—and yet they must never violate music's truth by deviating from the ground pattern.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Rotations and Lorentz transformations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0014.
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A computational approach to rotations and Lorentz transformation is presented. The discussion starts with the mathematical properties of the rotation and the proper orthochronous Lorentz groups. Rotation and Lorentz transformations are implemented by exponentiating generators of SU(2). This approach allows rotations of states in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space to be carried out with the same machinery used to rotate ordinary vectors and it allows Lorentz boosts of Dirac spinors to be carried out with the same machinery used to boost four-vectors. Rotations and boosts can be applied to other objects with simple transformation properties. A computational approach to the helicity formalism used in scattering and decay theory is presented, and a library devoted to the manipulation of objects in spacetime is introduced.
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Sandstrom, Marlene J. The Peer Nature of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0011.
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Relational aggression (RA), which involves the manipulation of a target’s relationships, peer status, or reputation, is an inherently interpersonal weapon. This chapter focuses on the peer context of RA, and addresses core questions about the association between RA and social constructs such as group acceptance, rejection, popularity, and friendship. What are the interpersonal costs and benefits of RA? What factors might explain why some relationally aggressive children are able to achieve and maintain popularity and social centrality despite being disliked? How does RA play out within mutual friendships? And how do the peer dynamics surrounding RA shift across development? The chapter begins with a discussion of RA in relation to group-level peer experiences (i.e., peer liking/acceptance; disliking/rejection; perceived popularity) and then turns to an exploration of RA within the context of friendships. It concludes with a discussion of selection and influence effects in regard to relationally aggressive behavior.
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Hernández Navarro, Luis. Self-Defense in Mexico. Translated by Ramor Ryan. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654539.001.0001.
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In Mexico and across other parts of Latin America local Indigenous peoples have built community policing groups as a means of protection where the state has limited control over, and even complicity in, crime and violence. Luis Hernández Navarro, a leading Mexican journalist, offers a riveting investigation of these armed self-defense groups that sprang up around the time of the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Available in English for the first time, the book spotlights the intense precarity of everyday life in parts of Mexico. Hernández Navarro shows how the self-defense response, which now includes wealthier rancher and farmer groups, is being transformed by Mexico’s expanding role in the multibillion dollar global drug trade, by foreign corporations’ extraction of raw minerals in traditionally Indigenous lands, and by the resulting social changes in local communities. But as Hernández Navarro acknowledges, self-defense is highly controversial. Community policing may provide citizens with increased agency, but for government officials it can be a dangerous threat to the status quo. Leftists and liberals are wary of how the groups may be linked to paramilitary forces and vulnerable to manipulation by drug traffickers and the government alike. This book answers the urgent call to understand the dangerous complexities of government failures and popular solutions.
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Meyer, Michel. The basic features of the history of rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 considers the essential reference points in the history of rhetoric. Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, as well as the main transformations of rhetoric up to the twentieth century, are considered in detail. Plato based his theory of rhetoric on pathos or the manipulation of the audience through its emotions. Aristotle provided a theory of logos which allows rigorous science as well as rhetorical inference (enthymeme). Cicero grounded his new approach to rhetoric by giving a privileged role to the speaker or ethos. In its various revivals in the twentieth century, rhetoric continued this practice of granting primacy to either ethos, pathos, or logos; the various authors who participated in this renewal in the last century therefore followed in the footsteps of either Plato, Aristotle, or Cicero. It is now time for a synthesis with a new starting point: questioning.
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Lindemann, Oliver, and Martin H. Fischer. Cognitive Foundations of Human Number Representations and Mental Arithmetic. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.61.
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The chapters in this section of the volume reveal the striking variety of human numerical cognition. The section comprises four chapters that focus on different aspects of the representation of numerical knowledge, as well as three chapters that examine the several cognitive processes involved in the manipulation of numbers during simple mental arithmetic. They show how chronometric analyses, in combination with clever experimental designs, can reveal the cognitive processes and representations underlying this impressive collection of cognitive skills. Our goal in this overview chapter is to highlight common themes that connect these contributions. In particular, we suggest links between the present contributions, all of which are firmly grounded in the traditional information-processing approach to the human mind, and the more recently emerged embodied cognition perspective, according to which all knowledge representations remain associated with those sensory and motor features that were activated during acquisition of that knowledge.
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Brown, Andrew R. Algorithms and Computation in Music Education. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.17.
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The chapter discusses how bringing music and computation together in the curriculum offers socially grounded contexts for the learning of digital expression and creativity. It explores how algorithms codify cultural knowledge, how programming can assist students in understanding and manipulating cultural norms, and how these can play a part in developing a student’s musicianship. In order to highlight how computational thinking extends music education and builds on interdisciplinary links, the chapter canvasses the challenges, and solutions, involved in learning through algorithmic music. Practical examples from informal and school-based educational contexts are included to illustrate how algorithmic music has been successfully integrated with established and emerging pedagogical approaches.
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Wilkinson-Ryan, Tess. Experimental Psychology and the Law. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.007.
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Experimental psychology has become an increasingly reliable and available tool for legal scholars the research of which implicates human behaviour and cognition. This article considers areas of legal scholarship that have used experimental psychology in different ways. These areas include tort law and settlement (e.g. assessing fairness, punishment, and compensation); contracts (e.g. assessing the social, moral, and practical meanings of promissory obligations for ordinary people); dispute resolution, intellectual property, and studies on the differential effects of certain manipulations on different cultural sub-groups. Using these areas as case studies, it is possible to unpack the resonances, implications, and limitations of an experimental psychology approach to legal questions. The article concludes with an example of how experimental psychology has been used to uncover and explain a real-world effect, in this case in the bankruptcy context.
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Penney, Joel. The Citizen Marketer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658052.001.0001.
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From hashtag activism to the flood of political memes on social media, the landscape of political communication is being transformed by the grassroots circulation of opinion on digital platforms and beyond. The Citizen Marketer offers a new framework for understanding this phenomenon by exploring how everyday people assist in the promotion of political media messages in hopes of persuading their peers and shaping the public mind. The analysis is grounded in the firsthand testimony of citizens who have engaged in popular activities such as changing their profile picture to a protest symbol, tweeting links to news articles to raise strategic awareness about select issues, and publicly displaying everything from slogan T-shirts to viral videos that promote a favored electoral candidate. In contrast to the “slacktivism” critique often leveled at these media-based forms of political activity, The Citizen Marketer argues that they enable citizens to take on the potentially influential role of viral political marketers as they participate in the networked dissemination of ideas. Furthermore, the discussion critically examines the promises of the citizen marketer approach for expanding democratic participation and elevating the voices of marginalized groups, as well as the risks that these practices pose for polarization and partisanship, the trivialization of issues, and control and manipulation by elites. By investigating the logics and motivations behind the citizen marketer, as well as how this approach has developed in response to key social, cultural, and technological changes, the book charts the evolution of activism in the age of mediatized politics, promotional culture, and viral circulation.
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Li, Jie Jack, Chris Limberakis, and Derek A. Pflum. Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187984.001.0001.
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Searching for reaction in organic synthesis has been made much easier in the current age of computer databases. However, the dilemma now is which procedure one selects among the ocean of choices. Especially for novices in the laboratory, it becomes a daunting task to decide what reaction conditions to experiment with first in order to have the best chance of success. This collection intends to serve as an "older and wiser lab-mate" one could have by compiling many of the most commonly used experimental procedures in organic synthesis. With chapters that cover such topics as functional group manipulations, oxidation, reduction, and carbon-carbon bond formation, Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory will be useful for both graduate students and professors in organic chemistry and medicinal chemists in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
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Badler, Norman I., Cary B. Phillips, and Bonnie Lynn Webber. Simulating Humans. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195073591.001.0001.
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During the past decade, high-performance computer graphics have found application in an exciting and expanding range of new domains. Among the most dramatic developments has been the incorporation of real-time interactive manipulation and display for human figures. Though actively pursued by several research groups, the problem of providing a synthetic or surrogate human for engineers and designers already familiar with computer-aided design techniques was most comprehensively solved by Norman Badler's computer graphics laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania. The breadth of that effort as well as the details of its methodology and software environment are presented in this volume. The book is intended for human factors engineers interested in understanding how a computer-graphics surrogate human can augment their analyses of designed environments. It will also inform design engineers of the state of the art in human figure modeling, and hence of the human-centered design central to the emergent concept of concurrent engineering. In fulfilling these goals, the book additionally documents for the entire computer graphics community a major research effort in the interactive control of articulated human figures.
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Przekop, Peter. Professionally Directed Non-Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0016.
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This chapter is a complement to Chapter 15, concentrating on the non-pharmacological approaches to chronic pain. It features a discussion on the utility of mind-body therapies, psychosocial treatments, and technology-based therapies in the context of recovery through 12-Step programs and other mutual support groups. Such settings are commonly poorly receptive to medication management of either pain or addiction; the availability of other approaches can bridge the gap, leading to effective management of both. The therapies discussed include “movement” therapies, such as internal qi gong, tai chi, yoga, and martial arts. Healing touch, reiki, external qi gong, and acupuncture are examples of “energy” therapies, requiring an intercessor. Among the psychosocial treatments are motivational interviewing, cognitive restructuring, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance-based cognitive therapy, operant training, hypnosis, relaxation training, and mindfulness/meditation. Addressed as procedures are massage, chiropractic and osteopathic manipulations, trans-epidermal nerve stimulation (TENS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
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Tschinke, Ingo, Udo Finklenburg, Beatrice Gähler, and Tim Konhäuser, eds. Lehrbuch ambulante psychiatrische Pflege. Hogrefe AG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/85691-000.
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Ambulante Pflege psychisch kranker Menschen Die Autor*innen des ersten umfassenden Lehrbuchs zur ambulanten psychiatrischen Pflege • beschreiben die Entwicklung der ambulanten psychiatrischen Pflege (APP) in DE und CH • erläutern professionelle Grundlagen und pflegerische Grundhaltungen • führen Organisationselemente der APP an, von der Tourenplanung über Dokumentation, Marketing bis hin zu Qualitäts-, Aufnahme-, Change- und Selbstmanagement • beschreiben prozessorientierte Instrumente ambulanter psychiatrischer Pflege, wie das REACH-Modell und den Pflegeprozess • klären rechtliche Grundlagen zu Zulassungsbedingungen, Gewaltvermeidung, Zwangsbehandlung, Haftungsrecht und Datenschutz in DE und CH • skizzieren therapeutische Angebote der Psychotherapie, Angehörigen- und Peer-Group-Arbeit, Teilhabeförderung und Strukturierungsangebote bei komplexen Erkrankungen • stellen spezifische Behandlungssettings für Kinder, Jugendliche, Erwachsene und alte Menschen vor, ergänzt um forensische und transkulturelle Angebote • skizzieren 36 Konzepte und «Handlungsräume», die von Aggressivität, über Adherence, Angst, Chronizität, Essen, Humor, Hoffnung, Identität, Integration, Kommunikation, Langeweile, Machtlosigkeit, Manipulation, Migration, Privatheit, Recovery, Scham, Schlaf, Selbstkonzept, -vernachlässigung, -verletzung, Sexualität, Trauma, Trauer, Vertrauen, Verwirrtheit, Wellbeing bis hin zu Zwang reichen • betonen die Bedeutung von persönlichen Netzwerken, Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie berufspolitischem Engagement für die Weiterentwicklung der ambulanten psychiatrischen Pflege.
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Crowley, Lara M. Satire and the “Deathles Soule”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821861.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 concerns early interpretations of Donne’s satiric poetry, specifically Metempsychosis. Investigating a copy of Donne’s strange poem in Folger, Manuscript V.a. 241, this study proposes that the compiler purposefully grouped it with the other contents—satiric dialogues by Lucian and a fable entitled “The Tale of the Fauorite”—because of a thematic link: the dangers of untrustworthy advisors. Donne had just cause to fear criticizing the court candidly, especially thanks to his Catholic family heritage. Surrounded by spies and censors, in 1601 Donne resorted to poetic subterfuge. Analysis of paratexts and thematic connections suggests that a contemporary reader interpreted Metempsychosis as topical satire on manipulative court counselors, thus reinforcing the modern critical contention that the poem satirizes Sir Robert Cecil. This study also reveals a reader who, while compiling the manuscript in approximately 1620, might have perceived that such criticisms maintained relevance for George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham.
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Dye, David H. Ancient Mississippian Trophy-Taking. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935420.013.30.
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Appropriating and manipulating human body parts was an important component of the belief system throughout much of the world. In eastern North America, Mississippian trophy-taking behavior was predicated on beliefs that focused on human life forces believed to reside in body elements, especially the head and scalp. Archaeologists have generally neglected to apprehend the potent meanings of trophy-taking behavior as a component of indigenous belief systems. Trophy-taking has been traditionally viewed as grounded in competition over economic resources, intercommunity conflict, or the pursuit of personal status and political advancement. This essay explores how Mississippians engaged in trophy-taking behavior, including snaring life forces for religious purposes through raiding and warfare, especially mortuary programs and ritual performances that emphasized the spirit’s journey to the realm of the dead and the enduring cycle of life and death. This alternative approach embraces a multidisciplinary perspective that includes archaeology, bioarchaeology, ethnography, ethnohistory, iconography, mythology, and osteoarchaeology.
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Polyhedral and Algebraic Methods in Computational Geometry. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Yamamoto, Kei. His Good Name. Edited by Christina Geisen, Jean Li, and Steven Shubert. Lockwood Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2021372.
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The wish to affiliate with a specific cultural, social, or ethnical group is as important today as it was in past societies, such as that of the ancient Egyptians. The same significance applies to the self-presentation of an individual within such a group. Although it is inevitable that we perceive ancient cultures through the lens of our time, place, and value systems, we can certainly try to look beyond these limitations. Questions of how the ancient Egyptians saw themselves and how individuals tried to establish and thus present themselves in society are central pieces of the puzzle of how we interpret this ancient culture. This volume focuses on the topic of identity and self-presentation, tackling the subject from many different angles: the ways in which social and personal identities are constructed and maintained; the manipulations of culture by individuals to reflect real or aspirational identities; and the methods modern scholars use to attempt to say something about ancient persons. Building on the work of Ronald J. Leprohon, to whom this volume is dedicated, contributions in this volume present an overview of our current state of understanding of patterns of identity and self-presentation in ancient Egypt. The contributions approach various aspects of identity and self-presentation through studies of gender, literature, material culture, mythology, names, and officialdom.
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Finkelstein, Claire, Derek Gillman, and Frederik Rosén, eds. The Preservation of Art and Culture in Times of War. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610565.001.0001.
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Abstract Conflict over cultural heritage has increasingly become a standard part of war. Today, systematic exploitation, manipulation, attacks, and destruction of cultural heritage by state and non-state actors form part of most violent conflicts across the world. Such acts are often intentional and based on well-planned strategies for inflicting harm on groups of people and communities. With this increasing awareness of the role cultural heritage plays in war, scholars and practitioners have progressed from seeing conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage as a cultural tragedy to understanding it as a vital national security issue. There is also a shift from the desire to protect cultural property for its own sake to viewing its protection as connected to broader agendas of peace and security. Concerns about cultural heritage have thus migrated beyond the cultural sphere to worries about the protection of civilians, the financing of terrorism, societal resilience, post-conflict reconciliation, hybrid warfare, and the geopolitics of territorial conflicts. This volume seeks to deepen public understanding of the evolving nexus between cultural heritage and security in the twenty-first century. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and perspectives, the chapters in this volume examine a complex set of relationships between the deliberate destruction and misuse of cultural heritage in times of conflict, on the one hand, and basic societal values, legal principles, and national security, on the other.
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(US), National Research Council. Animal Biotechnology: Science Based Concerns. National Academies Press, 2002.
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Lamb, Michael. Ethics for Climate Change Communicators. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.564.
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Over the last decade, scholars have devoted significant attention to making climate change communication more effective but less attention to ensuring that it is ethical. This neglect risks blurring the distinction between persuasion and manipulation, generating distrust among audiences, and obscuring the conceptual resources needed to guide communicators.Three prevailing approaches to moral philosophy can illuminate various ethical considerations involved in communicating climate change. Consequentialism, which evaluates actions as morally right or wrong according to their consequences, is the implicit moral framework shared by many social scientists and policymakers interested in climate change. While consequentialism rightly emphasizes the consequences of communication, its exclusive focus on the effectiveness of communication tends to obscure other moral considerations, such as what communicators owe to audiences as a matter of duty or respect. Deontology better captures these duties and provides grounds for communicating in ways that respect the rights of citizens to deliberate and decide how to act. But because deontology tends to cast ethics as an abstract set of universalizable principles, it often downplays the virtues of character needed to motivate action and apply principles across a variety of contexts. Virtue ethics seeks to overcome the limits of both consequentialism and deontology by focusing on the virtues that individuals and communities need to flourish. While virtue ethics is often criticized for failing to provide a concrete blueprint for action, its conception of moral development and thick vocabulary of virtues and vices offer a robust set of practical and conceptual resources for guiding the actions, attitudes, and relationships that characterize climate change communication. Ultimately, all three approaches highlight moral considerations that should inform the ethics of communicating climate change.
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Keil, Frank C. Wonder. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13640.001.0001.
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How we can all be lifelong wonderers: restoring the sense of joy in discovery we felt as children. From an early age, children pepper adults with questions that ask why and how: Why do balloons float? How do plants grow from seeds? Why do birds have feathers? Young children have a powerful drive to learn about their world, wanting to know not just what something is but also how it got to be that way and how it works. Most adults, on the other hand, have little curiosity about whys and hows; we might unlock a door, for example, or boil an egg, with no idea of what happens to make such a thing possible. How can grown-ups recapture a child's sense of wonder at the world? In this book, Frank Keil describes the cognitive dispositions that set children on their paths of discovery and explains how we can all become lifelong wonderers. Keil describes recent research on children's minds that reveals an extraordinary set of emerging abilities that underpin their joy of discovery—their need to learn not just the facts but the underlying causal patterns at the very heart of science. This glorious sense of wonder, however, is stifled, beginning in elementary school. Later, with little interest in causal mechanisms, and motivated by intellectual blind spots, as adults we become vulnerable to misinformation and manipulation—ready to believe things that aren't true. Of course, the polymaths among us have retained their sense of wonder, and Keil explains the habits of mind and ways of wondering that allow them—and can enable us—to experience the joy of asking why and how.
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Simpson, James. Reflection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375967.003.0011.
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Medieval literature abounds in stories about animals, of which there are two main, easily distinguished, varieties: animal fables and beast epic.1 Animal fables claim Aesop as their source. They are small narratives in which animals act and speak, with even smaller morals tacked on at the end of the little stories. They involve many animals (e.g., mice, lambs, cocks, foxes, birds, wolves, lions, and frogs). Such stories were used to teach schoolboys both Latin and some commonsense morality into the bargain (e.g., do not overeat; do not overreach; save up for the hard times; justice can be rough and ready, so keep clear of the predators). Beast epic, by contrast, is a group of interconnected narratives, set in the court of the lion; its single (anti-)hero is Reynard the Fox. Beast epic presents narratives of dark but vital humor that repeat the same narrative with many variations: its rhetorically brilliant fox, Reynard, outwits all comers by manipulating their bottomless greed. No matter how tight the corner into which Reynard has been backed, we know he will escape. He escapes through brilliant narrative control and intimate, intuitive knowledge of his enemies’ weaknesses. He exposes the arrogance of the greedy but even more damagingly the hypocrisy of the “civilized” order. We learn a fundamental truth from these stories: both animals and humans are predatory and self-interested ...
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Dinter, Martin T., Charles Guérin, and Marcos Martinho dos Santos, eds. Reading Roman Declamation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746010.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Situated at the crossroads of rhetoric and fiction, the genre of declamatio offers its practitioners the freedom to experiment with new forms of discourse. This volume places the literariness of Roman declamation into the spotlight by showcasing its theoretical influences, stylistic devices, and generic conventions as related by Seneca the Elder, the author of the Controversiae and Suasoriae, which jointly make up the largest surviving collection of declamatory speeches from antiquity. In so doing, it draws attention to the complexity of these texts, and maps out, for the first time, the sociocultural context for their composition, delivery, and reception. The volume’s chapters have been authored by an international group of leading scholars in Latin literature and rhetoric, and explore not only the historical roles of individual declaimers but also the physical and linguistic techniques upon which they collectively drew. In addition, the ‘dark side of declamation’ is illuminated by contributions on the competitiveness of the arena and the manipulative potential of declamatory skill. In keeping with the volume’s overall treatment of declamation as a literary phenomenon, a section has also been dedicated to intertextuality. This comprehensive, innovative, and up-to-date treatment provides thought-provoking analyses of Roman declamation, and therefore constitutes an essential volume for both students and scholars in the fields of Latin literature, Republican Roman history, and rhetoric.
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Fantl, Jeremy. The Limitations of the Open Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807957.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
When should you engage with difficult arguments against your cherished controversial beliefs? The primary conclusion of this book is that your obligations to engage with counterarguments are more limited than is often thought. In some standard situations, you shouldn’t engage with difficult counterarguments and, if you do, you shouldn’t engage with them open-mindedly. This conclusion runs counter to aspects of the Millian political tradition and political liberalism, as well as some of the informal logic literature on argumentation. Not all misleading arguments wear their flaws on their sleeve. Each step of a misleading argument might seem compelling and you might not be able to figure out what’s wrong with it. Still, even if you can’t figure out what’s wrong with an argument, you can know that it’s misleading. One way to know that an argument is misleading is, counterintuitively, to lack expertise in the methods and evidence types employed by the argument. When you know that a counterargument is misleading, you shouldn’t engage with it open-mindedly and sometimes shouldn’t engage with it at all. You shouldn’t engage open-mindedly because you shouldn’t be willing to reduce your confidence in response to arguments you know are misleading. And you sometimes shouldn’t engage closed-mindedly, because to do so can be manipulative or ineffective. In making this case, the book discusses echo chambers and group polarization, the importance in academic writing of a sympathetic case for the opposition, the epistemology of disagreement, the account of open-mindedness, and invitations to problematic academic speakers.
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Rose, Jonathan. Readers' Liberation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723554.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Literary Agenda is a series of short polemical monographs about the importance of literature and of reading in the wider world and about the state of literary education inside schools and universities. The category of 'the literary' has always been contentious. What is clear, however, is how increasingly it is dismissed or is unrecognised as a way of thinking or an arena for thought. It is sceptically challenged from within, for example, by the sometimes rival claims of cultural history, contextualized explanation, or media studies. It is shaken from without by even greater pressures: by economic exigency and the severe social attitudes that can follow from it; by technological change that may leave the traditional forms of serious human communication looking merely antiquated. For just these reasons this is the right time for renewal, to start reinvigorated work into the meaning and value of literary reading. For the Internet and digitial generation, the most basic human right is the freedom to read. The Web has indeed brought about a rapid and far-reaching revolution in reading, making a limitless global pool of literature and information available to anyone with a computer. At the same time, however, the threats of censorship, surveillance, and mass manipulation through the media have grown apace. Some of the most important political battles of the twenty-first century have been fought--and will be fought--over the right to read. Will it be adequately protected by constitutional guarantees and freedom of information laws? Or will it be restricted by very wealthy individuals and very powerful institutions? And given increasingly sophisticated methods of publicity and propaganda, how much of what we read can we believe? This book surveys the history of independent sceptical reading, from antiquity to the present. It tells the stories of heroic efforts at self-education by disadvantaged people in all parts of the world. It analyzes successful reading promotion campaigns throughout history (concluding with Oprah Winfrey) and explains why they succeeded. It also explores some disturbing current trends, such as the reported decay of attentive reading, the disappearance of investigative journalism, 'fake news', the growth of censorship, and the pervasive influence of advertisers and publicists on the media--even on scientific publishing. For anyone who uses libraries and Internet to find out what the hell is going on, this book is a guide, an inspiration, and a warning.