Journal articles on the topic 'Manipulation de laboratoire'
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1
Chaigneau, D., M. Arsicault, J. P. Gazeau, and S. Zeghloul. "LMS robotic hand grasp and manipulation planning (an isomorphic exoskeleton approach)." Robotica 26, no. 2 (March 2008): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574707003736.
Abstract:
SUMMARYIn order to widen the potentialities of manipulation of the Laboratoire de Mécanique des solides (LMS) mechanical hand, we developed a new planning approach based on the use of a specific exoskeleton. This one has kinematics architecture and dimensions identical to the mechanical hand. This feature allows us to obtain manipulation trajectories for the mechanical hand, very easily and very quickly, by using the exoskeleton, without complex calibration. Manipulation's trajectories are replayed offline with an autonomous control, and, consequently, the exoskeleton is not used with any feedback strategy for telemanipulation. This paper presents the characteristics of this exoskeleton and the graphic interface that we developed. This one uses a method to determine the object's evolution during the manipulation with the exoskeleton, without using exteroceptive sensors. This new approach was tested for standard trajectories by simulation on a Computer-aided design (CAD) robotics system and by using the mechanical hand. Thus, we validate the use concept of an isomorphic exoskeleton to mechanical hand for manipulation planning with the LMS mechanical hand.
2
Sylvie TOUCHE and Dominique ABITEBOUL. "SÉCURITÉ AU LABORATOIRE DE BACTÉRIOLOGIE CLINIQUE." ACTUALITES PERMANENTES EN MICROBIOLOGIE CLINIQUE 18, no. 01 (March 1, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/apmc.18.01.1506.
Abstract:
L’activité des laboratoires de biologie médicale (LBM) imposeaux professionnels qui y exercent de se prémunir vis-à-vis d’uncertain nombre de risques, pour leur propre protection et celle deleur environnement.S’agissant des laboratoires de bactériologie, le risque microbiologique occupe une place évidente. D’autres risques sont aussià prendre en considération, tels que ceux liés à la manipulation deproduits chimiques de divers types, à l’utilisation d’appareillages,aux postures contraintes dans certaines situations de travail, …L’ensemble de ces risques doit faire l’objet d’une évaluation(EvRP) dans le cadre de l’obligation réglementaire qui incombeà tout employeur (art. L.4121-2 et L.4121-3 du Code du travail).Cette évaluation doit être élaborée en concertation avec l’ensembledes professionnels concernés. Les résultats, consignés dans un« document unique » (DU), permettent de définir un plan deprévention, régulièrement actualisé en fonction de l’évolutiondes pratiques et des moyens de maîtrise des risques mis en œuvre
3
Desrosiers, G., B. Vincent, C. Retière, and L. Boucher. "Comparaison de critères utilisables pour l'étude de la structure des populations du polychète Nereis virens (Sars)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-212.
Abstract:
The various biometrical criteria used in the study of the population structure of the annelid polychaete Nereis virens (Sars) are reviewed. This type of study, which requires the examination of large numbers of specimens representing all size classes, is sometimes complicated by the occurrence of autotomy, a phenomenon quite frequent in this species, and by mechanical breaks during sampling and sieving. Measurements such as total length, width of an anterior segment, and total weight are not good criteria. We have used a new biometrical criterium developed at the Laboratoire maritime de Dinard (France). This criterium is based on a partial weight of animals that have been put in formaldehyde and wiped; the weight is determined from an histogram in which breaking points are "ranked". This ponderal measurement has been compared with the linear measurement of the jaw length. The new method allows the manipulation of a larger number of individuals and it is easier and faster to use than the method based on jaw measurements.[Journal translation]
4
Barnat, Ons. "Le studio d’enregistrement comme terrain en ethnomusicologie." Ethnologies 37, no. 2 (October 18, 2017): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041493ar.
Abstract:
À partir des conclusions tirées de notre thèse (consacrée à l’étude du phénomène de l’enregistrement en studio de la paranda garifuna en Amérique centrale), cet article soulève certaines des préoccupations théoriques et méthodologiques qui apparaissent quand l’ethnomusicologue contemporain décide de faire du studio d’enregistrement son principal terrain de recherche. Dans ces studios où se créent les musiques à vendre, des relations de pouvoir se déploient en permanence autour d’un enjeu principal : le contrôle de la manipulation électronique des sons enregistrés. S’il fait office de laboratoire expérimental pour ses acteurs (musiciens, ingénieurs du son, réalisateurs…), le studio d’enregistrement offre à la recherche ethnomusicologique un microcosme au sein duquel un appareillage technique sophistiqué se trouve manipulé en fonction d’interactions entre des individus. En se basant sur une revue de littérature interdisciplinaire, cet article propose une base théorique et méthodologique pour toute recherche ethnomusicologique portant sur le rôle et la place du studio d’enregistrement dans l’analyse de phénomènes musicaux contemporains.
5
Vulliez, P., J. P. Gazeau, P. Laguillaumie, H. Mnyusiwalla, and P. Seguin. "Focus on the mechatronics design of a new dexterous robotic hand for inside hand manipulation." Robotica 36, no. 8 (May 8, 2018): 1206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718000346.
Abstract:
SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel tendon-driven bio-inspired robotic hand design for in-hand manipulation. Many dexterous robot hands are able to produce adaptive grasping, but only a few human-sized hands worldwide are able to produce fine motions of the object in the hand. One of the challenges for the near future is to develop human-sized robot hands with human dexterity. Most of the existing hands considered in the literature suffer from dry friction which creates unwanted backlash and non-linearities. These problems limit the accurate control of the fingers and the capabilities of the hand. Such was the case with our first fully actuated dexterous robot hand: the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides (LMS) hand.The mechanical design of the hand relies on a tendon-based transmission system. Developing a fully actuated dexterous robot hand requires the routing of the tendons through the finger for the actuation of each joint. This paper focuses on the evolution of the tendon routing; from the LMS hand to the new RoBioSS dexterous hand. The motion transmission in the new design creates purely linear coupling relations between joints and actuators. Experimental results using the same protocol for the previous hand and the new hand illustrate the evolution in the quality of the mechanical design. With the improvements of the mechanical behavior of the robotic fingers, the hand control software could be extensively simplified. The choice of a common architecture for all fingers makes it possible to consider the hand as a collaboration of four serial robots. Moreover, with the transparency of the motor-joint transmissions, we could use robust, industrial-grade cascaded feedback loops for the axis controls.An inside-hand manipulation task concerning the manipulation of a bottle cap is presented at the end of the paper. As proof of the robustness of the hand, demonstrations of the hand's capabilities were carried out continuously over three days at SPS IPC Drives international exhibition in Nuremberg, in November 2016.
6
Abouhilal, Abdelmoula, Amine Moulay Taj, Naima Taifi, and Abdessamad Malaoui. "Using Online Remote Laboratory in Agriculture Engineering and Electronic Training." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15, no. 06 (March 29, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i06.9699.
Abstract:
<p class="0abstract">Practical manipulations are a core part of engineering training education systems. Remote labs are a new method used for teaching and practicing experimental manipulation using the performance of information and communication technologies. This paper presents a study of two remote labs architecture using low cost embedded systems that could be addressed to the 3rd year bachelor degree students on renewable energy and others on electronics courses. The first manipulation is based on Arduino microcontroller to monitor an irrigation system powered by photovoltaic panels. In addition, the second manipulation uses a powerful PcDuino, to control remotely a logic electronic experience. A simple interface is developed to allow students and instructors to access to these manipulations. This study is aimed to improve the present education systems in the Moroccan universities by managing the practical manipulation for a large number of students, especially in the open-access faculties. Finally, this architecture can be easily extended to other disciplines and courses.</p>
7
Schmitt, A., and B. Bizot. "Retour d'expériences sur l'étude de trois assemblages osseux issus de sépultures collectives néolithiques." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 3-4 (March 29, 2016): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0156-7.
Abstract:
La plupart des sépultures collectives du Néolithique final ayant bénéficié de fouilles et d'un enregistrement optimaux ont livré une grande quantité d'ossements. Le croisement des données archéologiques et anthropologiques acquises sur le terrain et en laboratoire permet, en théorie, de restituer les pratiques mortuaires. L'investissement en temps et les compétences requises pour l'étude des assemblages osseux issus des sépultures collectives, notamment en contexte préventif, impose d'aborder la question du bilan des travaux. Cette réflexion se base essentiellement sur trois sépultures collectives. La reconstitution des modes de dépôts initiaux des individus et de manipulation des ossements s'est avérée relativement limitée. Faute de pouvoir quantifier les impacts des facteurs taphonomiques ou de conservation différentielle, variables d'un site à l'autre, il reste difficile de choisir parmi les différentsscenariienvisagés. Alors que les méthodes précises mises en œuvre garantissent une acquisition optimale des données lors de la phase terrain, l'analyse des assemblages osseux demeure une tâche longue et complexe, produisant des résultats de faible portée interprétative. Ainsi, s'il est légitime de nous interroger sur l'adéquation entre les moyens et les résultats obtenus, en l'état actuel de nos ressources méthodologiques, un tel déploiement de moyens constitue encore la principale voie d'approche. Cependant, de meilleurs référentiels ostéologiques et taphonomiques sont nécessaires.
8
Gouzi, Fares, François Bughin, Lucie Barateau, Agathe Hubert, Savine Volland, Dalila Laoudj-Chenivesse, Emilie Passerieux, et al. "Utilisation d’outils numériques dans le cadre d’un dispositif hybride pour l’apprentissage par problème de la physiologie en deuxième année des études médicales. Étude de faisabilité du recours au laboratoire numérique de physiologie « e-ϕsioLab »." Pédagogie Médicale 19, no. 2 (2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/pmed/2019007.
Abstract:
Contexte : À l’Université de Montpellier, l’enseignement de la physiologie passe par une initiation à la démarche expérimentale, effectuée sous forme d’un apprentissage par problème (APP) au cours d’enseignements dirigés (ED) ou travaux pratiques (TP). Actuellement, les ED/TP de physiologie en 2e année de Diplôme de formation générale en sciences médicales (DFGSM2) posent un problème de faisabilité. But(s) : Nous avons évalué la faisabilité d’un dispositif hybride « Laboratoire numérique de physiologie (e-ϕsioLab) » combinant ED présentiels (EDP) au tableau blanc interactif (TBI) + supports multimédias, et ED dématérialisés (EDD) sur plate-forme pédagogique Moodle, pour la résolution de problèmes de physiologie en DFGSM2. Méthodes : Pour les EDP, nous avons évalué les travaux des étudiants et comparé la participation des étudiants ayant bénéficié de ces ED e-ϕsioLab vs. ED classique. Pour les EDD, nous avons évalué les travaux et la participation des étudiants. Résultats : Les travaux ont révélé que les étudiants avaient effectué les tâches d’apprentissage visées pour l’APP (élaboration d’hypothèses, manipulation de paramètres, interprétation, retour sur problème) à l’aide du dispositif hybride. Durant les EDP, la participation et les échanges entre les étudiants étaient supérieurs aux ED classiques. Etudiants et enseignants ont utilisé les fonctionnalités de l’e-ϕsioLab, permettant la production de travaux originaux et en phase avec les objectifs pédagogiques. Conclusion : Notre dispositif hybride e-ϕsioLab à forte hybridation présentiel/à distance apparaît faisable pour l’APP en physiologie. Son utilisation a révélé une forte participation des étudiants, et poussé à la transformation de l’enseignement de physiologie vers les pédagogies actives.
9
Hsieh, Mu-Cheng, and Kuu-Young Young. "Effective manipulation for a multi-DOF robot manipulator in laboratory environments." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 36, no. 5 (July 2013): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2012.737112.
10
COUROT, M., and P. VOLLAND-NAIL. "Conduite de la reproduction des mammifères domestiques : présent et futur." INRAE Productions Animales 4, no. 1 (February 5, 1991): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1991.4.1.4314.
Abstract:
Les techniques modernes de reproduction appliquées aux mammifères domestiques ont pour but d’accroître l’efficacité de la production de jeunes dans les conditions choisies par les éleveurs. Cette revue présente les différentes techniques disponibles pour atteindre un tel objectif. Pour les mâles, en plus de l’utilisation de semence par insémination artificielle désormais possible chez toutes les espèces domestiques, l’accent est mis sur deux stratégies : d’une part, distribuer par insémination intra-utérine un petit nombre de spermatozoïdes des meilleurs reproducteurs (sur un plan génétique) à un maximum de femelles avec les plus grandes chances de fécondation, d’autre part, maintenir en permanence les mâles d’espèces saisonnées au maximum de leurs capacités de production spermatique par un régime photopériodique approprié. Pour les femelles, des techniques efficaces de contrôle de l’oestrus et de l’ovulation étant maintenant disponibles pour toutes les espèces domestiques, la reproduction peut être conduite au moment choisi par l’éleveur. Des techniques de reproduction plus complexes ont été développées avec la manipulation des embryons dans le but de diffuser plus largement le haut potentiel génétique des meilleurs reproducteurs. Si le transfert d’embryons est parvenu à un stade de développement commercial, la fécondation in vitro et les techniques de sexage ou de clonage des embryons sont encore au stade des études de laboratoire. Ces techniques sont néanmoins présentées car elles modifieront certainement la pratique de l’élevage dans l’avenir. En vue d’objectifs peut-être plus lointains, la transgenèse est aussi abordée chez les animaux domestiques. Enfin, une brève réflexion prospective évoque plusieurs aspects qui font déjà l’objet de recherches afin de mieux maîtriser ou rendre plus efficace la reproduction animale.
11
Ahmed, Al Sabri, Moussetad Mohamed, Adhiri Rahma, Akensous Youness, Khazri Yassine, Ennasri Hind, and Laouina Zineb. "Remote Lab Experiments: Measuring and Monitoring of Temperature Changes." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i02.12219.
Abstract:
<p class="0abstract">The physical training education systems of the faculties of science focus on practical manipulations. Remote Labs are a recent approach used for educating experimental manipulations by using the performance of information and communication technologies. This article presents a real remote laboratory using low-cost embedded systems addressed to engineering and undergraduate students. The manipulation is based on the electronic control system to change the temperature with a plate-form, which is developed to permit students and teacher access to this manipulation. Our purpose of this study is the development of a control system to improve current educational systems in Moroccan universities by managing practical manipulations for a large number of students, based on a web from anywhere and anytime. Measuring and Monitoring of Temperature changes is a new experience of a remote monitoring system that will be allowed the users to access the experiment thought a specific web site.</p>
12
Shopova, Dobromira, and Diyan Slavchev. "Laboratory investigation of Accuracy of Impression Materials for Border Molding." Folia Medica 61, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.61.e39351.
Abstract:
Introduction: Border molding of the edge of the individual impression tray is an important stage of prosthetic treatment of edentulous jaws, which often depends on the final result of the treatment. Classical thermoplastic impression materials for border molding have positive qualities that make them preferable by clinicians for their hardness, unlimited manipulation time and high impression sharpness. Modern silicone impression materials for border molding have long manipulating time and appropriate viscosity to allow dentists to perform functional tests. Aim: To determine the accuracy of different impression materials for border molding of individual impression trays. Materials and methods: Four impression materials for border molding were laboratory tested: Kerr impression compound green sticks and thermoplastic GC Iso functional sticks, additive type silicone Detaseal function and condensation type silicone sta-seal f. A modified individual impression tray designed by authors was used, allowing for laboratory load and stability. Ten impressions were taken and their formed edges were measured at 10 points three times - immediately after hardening/elasification, and 24 hours and 48 hours after hardening/elasification. Results: The results were analysed using ANOVA repetition analysis, where a statistically insignificant difference in the accuracy of three of the impression materials for border molding was established, except the C-type of silicone. Conclusions: Good manipulative qualities and measured accuracy in laboratory tests define these materials as very good for border molding procedures.
13
Dennis, Jennifer F., and Bradley A. Creamer. "To Touch or Not to Touch: Evaluating Student Laboratory Outcomes of Hands-On versus Visual Examination of Prosected Cadavers." Education Sciences 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080519.
Abstract:
We utilized the physical manipulation of cadaveric donors by students to evaluate learning outcomes in two undergraduate anatomy courses. Students (n = 176) were assigned as those whom ‘manipulated’ (n = 100) or ‘did not manipulate’ (n = 76) donors, and data were compared to performance on laboratory assessments. A Fisher’s exact test was conducted within individual and combined course populations to assess if the relationship between physical touch and receiving a passing grade is more than expected by chance. BIO 201 ‘manipulating’ students received a ‘C’ or better (n = 58) vs. 6 D, F, or Withdraw grades (DFW) on lab practicals as compared to those who did not manipulate (n = 33 DFW vs. 18 C or better) (p < 0.0001). BIO 221 ‘manipulating’ students (n = 34) received a ‘C’ or better vs. DFW grades (n = 2), while ‘non-manipulating’ students were able to earn outcomes of ‘C’ or better (n = 13 vs. 12 DFW). However, students involved in donor manipulation were more likely to receive a ‘C or better’ (p = 0.0002). Analysis of the data as a single cohort indicates non-manipulating students are 7.24 times more likely to earn a ‘DFW’ on lab practicals, demonstrating that students are better prepared for laboratory assessments when encouraged to manipulate anatomical structures.
14
English, Sinead, and Tobias Uller. "Does early-life diet affect longevity? A meta-analysis across experimental studies." Biology Letters 12, no. 9 (September 2016): 20160291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0291.
Abstract:
Life-history theory predicts that nutrition influences lifespan owing to trade-offs between allocating resources to reproduction, growth and repair. Despite occasional reports that early diet has strong effects on lifespan, it is unclear whether this prediction is generally supported by empirical studies. We conducted a meta-analysis across experimental studies manipulating pre- or post-natal diet and measuring longevity. We found no overall effect of early diet on lifespan. We used meta-regression, considering moderator variables based on experimental and life-history traits, to test predictions regarding the strength and direction of effects that could lead to positive or negative effects. Pre-natal diet manipulations reduced lifespan, but there were no effects of later diet, manipulation type, development mode, or sex. The results are consistent with the prediction that early diet restriction disrupts growth and results in increased somatic damage, which incurs lifespan costs. Our findings raise a cautionary note, however, for placing too strong an emphasis on early diet effects on lifespan and highlight limitations of measuring these effects under laboratory conditions.
15
Cornwall, Christopher E., and Catriona L. Hurd. "Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 3 (July 8, 2015): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv118.
Abstract:
Abstract Ocean acidification has been identified as a risk to marine ecosystems, and substantial scientific effort has been expended on investigating its effects, mostly in laboratory manipulation experiments. However, performing these manipulations correctly can be logistically difficult, and correctly designing experiments is complex, in part because of the rigorous requirements for manipulating and monitoring seawater carbonate chemistry. To assess the use of appropriate experimental design in ocean acidification research, 465 studies published between 1993 and 2014 were surveyed, focusing on the methods used to replicate experimental units. The proportion of studies that had interdependent or non-randomly interspersed treatment replicates, or did not report sufficient methodological details was 95%. Furthermore, 21% of studies did not provide any details of experimental design, 17% of studies otherwise segregated all the replicates for one treatment in one space, 15% of studies replicated CO2 treatments in a way that made replicates more interdependent within treatments than between treatments, and 13% of studies did not report if replicates of all treatments were randomly interspersed. As a consequence, the number of experimental units used per treatment in studies was low (mean = 2.0). In a comparable analysis, there was a significant decrease in the number of published studies that employed inappropriate chemical methods of manipulating seawater (i.e. acid–base only additions) from 21 to 3%, following the release of the “Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting” in 2010; however, no such increase in the use of appropriate replication and experimental design was observed after 2010. We provide guidelines on how to design ocean acidification laboratory experiments that incorporate the rigorous requirements for monitoring and measuring carbonate chemistry with a level of replication that increases the chances of accurate detection of biological responses to ocean acidification.
16
BRAUN, K. F., F. MORESCO, K. MORGENSTERN, S. FÖLSCH, J. REPP, S. W. HLA, G. MEYER, and K. H. RIEDER. "MANIPULATION OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NANOSYSTEMS: THE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE AS AN OPERATIVE TOOL." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (August 2003): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001218.
Abstract:
Controlled manipulations with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) down to the scale of small molecules and single atoms allow to build molecular and atomic nanosystems, leading to the fascinating possibility of creating manmade structures on atomic scale. Here we present a short review on investigations based on atomic scale manipulation. Upon soft lateral manipulation of adsorbed species, in which only tip/particle forces are used, three different manipulation modes can be discerned: pushing, pulling and sliding. Even the manipulation of strongly bound native substrate atoms is possible. We demonstrate applications as local analytic and synthetic chemistry tools, with important consequences on surface structure research. Vertical manipulation of Xe and CO leads to improved imaging with functionalized tips. With CO deliberately transferred to the tip, we have also succeeded to perform vibrational spectroscopy on single molecules. Furthermore, we describe how we have reproduced a full chemical reaction with single molecules, whereby all basic steps, namely preparation of the reactants, diffusion and association, are induced with the STM tip. Here also field and electron current effects are employed. Finally, we have extended the manipulation techniques to large specially designed molecules by performing lateral manipulation in constant height and realizing the principle of a conformational molecular switch. Artificial nanoscale structures built in atom by atom fashion can serve as quantum laboratories for investigations of various physical properties.
17
van Vliet, Liesbeth M., Sandra van Dulmen, Bram Thiel, Gerard W. van Deelen, Stephanie Immerzeel, Marc B. Godfried, and Jozien M. Bensing. "Examining the effects of enhanced provider–patient communication on postoperative tonsillectomy pain: protocol of a randomised controlled trial performed by nurses in daily clinical care." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e015505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015505.
Abstract:
IntroductionPlacebo effects (true biopsychological effects not attributable to the active ingredients of medical technical interventions) can be attributed to several mechanisms, such as expectancy manipulation and empathy manipulation elicited by a provider’s communication. So far, effects have primarily been shown in laboratory settings. The aim of this study is to determine the separate and combined effects of expectancy manipulation and empathy manipulation during preoperative and postoperative tonsillectomy analgesia care on clinical adult patients’ outcomes.Methods and analysisUsing a two-by-two randomised controlled trial, 128 adult tonsillectomy patients will be randomly assigned to one out of four conditions differing in the level of expectancy manipulation (standard vs enhanced) and empathy manipulation (standard vs enhanced). Day care ward nurses are trained to deliver the intervention, while patients are treated via the standard analgesia protocol and hospital routines. The primary outcome, perceived pain, is measured via hospital routine by a Numeric Rating Scale, and additional prehospitalisation, perihospitalisation and posthospitalisation questionnaires are completed (until day 3, ie, 2 days after the operation). The manipulation is checked using audio recordings of nurse–patient interactions.Ethics and disseminationAlthough communication is manipulated, the manipulations do not cross norms or values of acceptable behaviour. Standard medical care is provided. The ethical committee of the UMC Utrecht and the local OLVG hospital committee approved the study. Results will be published via (inter)national peer-reviewed journals and a lay publication.Trial registration numberNTR5994; Pre-results.
18
Javaid, Maria. "Communication Through Haptics During Human Collaborative Manipulation." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 15, no. 03 (June 2018): 1850003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843618500032.
Abstract:
This paper describes research towards understanding haptic communication during planar object manipulation. In particular, a classification algorithm that classifies four stages of manipulation of a planar object is described. This research was performed as a part of a broader research project which has the goal of developing a user-friendly communication interface for an elderly-assistive robot. The manipulation of planar object was studied in detail as it happened very frequently during user study involving a caregiver helping an elderly person with the activities of daily living. For observing human haptic interaction, a sensory glove was developed. Further data collection was conducted in the laboratory setting and data was analyzed using various machine learning techniques. Based on this analysis, decision rules were derived that give insight into human-to-human collaborative manipulation of planar objects and successfully identified several classes of manipulative actions. The developed decision tree-based algorithm was then tested on the data of a user study that involved a caregiver assisting an elderly person in the activities of daily living. The developed algorithm also successfully classifies manipulation actions in real-time. This information is particularly interesting as it does not depend on any particular sensor and thus can be used by other researchers to further study haptic communication.
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Maure, Fanny, Jacques Brodeur, Nicolas Ponlet, Josée Doyon, Annabelle Firlej, Éric Elguero, and Frédéric Thomas. "The cost of a bodyguard." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2011): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0415.
Abstract:
Host manipulation by parasites not only captures the imagination but has important epidemiological implications. The conventional view is that parasites face a trade-off between the benefits of host manipulation and their costs to fitness-related traits, such as longevity and fecundity. However, this trade-off hypothesis remains to be tested. Dinocampus coccinellae is a common parasitic wasp of the spotted lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata . Females deposit a single egg in the haemocoel of the host, and during larval development the parasitoid feeds on host tissues. At the prepupal stage, the parasitoid egresses from its host by forcing its way through the coccinellid's abdominal segments and begins spinning a cocoon between the ladybird's legs. Remarkably, D. coccinellae does not kill its host during its development, an atypical feature for parasitoids. We first showed under laboratory conditions that parasitoid cocoons that were attended by a living and manipulated ladybird suffered less predation than did cocoons alone or cocoons under dead ladybirds. We then demonstrated that the length of the manipulation period is negatively correlated with parasitoid fecundity but not with longevity. In addition to documenting an original case of bodyguard manipulation, our study provides the first evidence of a cost required for manipulating host behaviour.
20
Turney, Jon. "Life in the laboratory: public responses to experimental biology." Public Understanding of Science 4, no. 2 (April 1995): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/4/2/004.
Abstract:
Present-day public attitudes to biological manipulation are ambivalent, many surveys show. This paper explores evidence of earlier attitudes to experimental biology, before survey data exists, by examining published responses in the press to the idea that biologists would `create life'. This remarkable claim achieved wide currency in the early years of this century, particularly linked to the work of two prototypical `visible scientists': Jacques Loeb and Alexis Carrel. Analysis of press responses to accounts of their work reveals deep disquiet about its possible implications, at a time when science and technology in general were regarded very positively. The evidence is augmented by studying commentary on a Presidential Address by Edward Schafer to the British Association meeting of 1912. It is concluded that feelings of ambivalence toward the manipulative power of biology are apparent at a very early stage in the development of modern biology, and that this makes it implausible that more recent manifestations of such ambivalence can be ascribed to some generalized `anti-science' sentiment which has gathered strength in recent years.
21
Will, Ian, Biplabendu Das, Thienthanh Trinh, Andreas Brachmann, Robin A. Ohm, and Charissa de Bekker. "Genetic Underpinnings of Host Manipulation by Ophiocordyceps as Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 7 (April 30, 2020): 2275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401290.
Abstract:
Ant-infecting Ophiocordyceps fungi are globally distributed, host manipulating, specialist parasites that drive aberrant behaviors in infected ants, at a lethal cost to the host. An apparent increase in activity and wandering behaviors precedes a final summiting and biting behavior onto vegetation, which positions the manipulated ant in a site beneficial for fungal growth and transmission. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by: (i) producing a high-quality hybrid assembly and annotation of the Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani genome, (ii) conducting laboratory infections coupled with RNAseq of O. camponoti-floridani and its host, Camponotus floridanus, and (iii) comparing these data to RNAseq data of Ophiocordyceps kimflemingiae and Camponotus castaneus as a powerful method to identify gene expression patterns that suggest shared behavioral manipulation mechanisms across Ophiocordyceps-ant species interactions. We propose differentially expressed genes tied to ant neurobiology, odor response, circadian rhythms, and foraging behavior may result by activity of putative fungal effectors such as enterotoxins, aflatrem, and mechanisms disrupting feeding behaviors in the ant.
22
Rasmussen, S. R., H. B. Rasmussen, M. R. Larsen, R. Hoff-Jørgensen, and R. J. Cano. "Combined polymerase chain reaction-hybridization microplate assay used to detect bovine leukemia virus and Salmonella." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.2.200.
Abstract:
Abstract Here we describe the use of an assay that integrates the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with hybridization of the amplified product for detection in the same microwell. Traditional PCR requires transportation of the amplified product to another system for characterization of samples. Transportation means time-consuming manipulation and risk of contaminating the laboratory with amplified product. Integration of amplification and specific product detection greatly reduces sample manipulations and the risk of contamination. We used the assay for detection of bovine leukemia virus and Salmonella. The results were identical with those produced by two traditional PCR methods. This assay could easily be adapted for other organisms, simply by using other primers and probes.
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Taguchi, Kan. "Special Issue on Robot with Integrated Locomotion and Manipulation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 4 (August 20, 1997): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0247.
Abstract:
Recently, demand has risen for outdoor robots in architecture, civil engineering, agriculture, fire fighting, or restorations of earthquake disasters. For such cases, robots should have both locomotion and manipulation to work in unknown and unassisted fields. Since robot locomotion and manipulation have been researched independently, robots with integrated locomotion and manipulation are anticipated. However, problems involve the cooperative control of locomotor and manipulators or their integrated mechanisms. In January 1994, the Robotics Society of Japan set up an integrated locomotion and manipulation robot research committee whose aim is identify different aspects of such robots, such as analysis and synthesis of mechanisms, control theory for integrated locomotion and manipulation, and actual on-job applications. The Committee includes researchers from industry, government laboratories, and academia, who have discussed the possibilities of new type robots. The Committee organized sessions such as ""Robots with Integrated Locomotion and Manipulations"" in the 12th (1994) to 14th (1996) annual conferences of the Robotics Society of Japan and ""Integrated Locomotion & Manipulation"" in International Robotics Symposium IROS96. A special issue of ""Integrated Locomotion and Manipulation"" for the <I>Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan</I> was compiled and published in November 1995 by the Committee. In November 1996, the Committee handed in its final report to the Society and adjourned. The final report is in Japanese. As a Committee member, I have wanted to introduce some of the Final Report in English. Fortunately, the editors of the <I>Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics</I> have given me the opportunity to publish these reports in a special issue. Other Committee members have agreed to contribute as well. I thank the Committee -- especially Chairman Dr. Tatsuo Arai (MEL), who encouraged me in writing this article. Special thanks go to Prof. Yamafuji, who introduced me to the editors who gave me the chance to publish this article.
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Lasky, Larry C. "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Manipulation in the Laboratory." Laboratory Medicine 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 843–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/18.12.843.
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Parish, J. H. "Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces — A Laboratory Manual." Biochemical Education 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(86)90228-1.
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Bourlioux, P. "Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces: A laboratory manual." Biochimie 69, no. 1 (January 1987): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(87)90278-1.
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Ritchie, D. A. "Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces. A laboratory manual." Endeavour 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(87)90187-6.
28
Bulfield, Grahame. "Genetic manipulation of laboratory and farm animals." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 43, no. 4 (April 24, 2007): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280430405.
29
Sayahkarajy, Mostafa, and Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi. "Design of a Mechatronic Interface with Compliant Manipulator for Robot Assisted Echocardiography." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2107, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012005.
Abstract:
Abstract A compliant manipulator with a compound soft actuator is proposed for robot-assisted echocardiography. The target application is devoted to the TOE echo (Trans-oesophageal echocardiography), which is conventionally performed by medical practitioners. The manual manipulation of the echocardiography probe shows significant risks such as human errors, exposure to ionizing radiation, and multitasking complexity. Automation of TOE provides advantages in terms of control, safety, and workload of the operator. This paper proposes a teleoperated robotic system assisting the physician to perform TOE, to be used in cardiac catheterization laboratories as well as hybrid operation theatres. A system containing a holder with master-slave Dynamixel servos and a manipulator with soft actuators has been developed. To alleviate the major lack of the previous designs in conducting the insertion tube, a robotic arm with a soft structure is proposed that has not hazards of conventional robot manipulators. The fundamental equations and relations for quasi-static control of the system are developed in this paper.
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Weyrer, Matthias, Mathias Brandstötter, and Manfred Husty. "Singularity Avoidance Control of a Non-Holonomic Mobile Manipulator for Intuitive Hand Guidance." Robotics 8, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8010014.
Abstract:
Mobile manipulators are robot systems capable of combining logistics and manipulation tasks. They thus fulfill an important prerequisite for the integration into flexible manufacturing systems. Another essential feature required for modern production facilities is a user-friendly and intuitive human-machine interaction. In this work the goal of code-less programming is addressed and an intuitive and safe approach to physically interact with such robot systems is derived. We present a natural approach for hand guiding a sensitive mobile manipulator in task space using a force torque sensor that is mount close to the end effector. The proposed control structure is capable of handling the kinematic redundancies of the system and avoid singular arm configurations by means of haptic feedback to the user. A detailed analysis of all possible singularities of the UR robot family is given and the functionality of the controller design is shown with laboratory experiments on our mobile manipulator.
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Wong, Ching-Chang, Li-Yu Yeh, Chih-Cheng Liu, Chi-Yi Tsai, and Hisasuki Aoyama. "Manipulation Planning for Object Re-Orientation Based on Semantic Segmentation Keypoint Detection." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072280.
Abstract:
In this paper, a manipulation planning method for object re-orientation based on semantic segmentation keypoint detection is proposed for robot manipulator which is able to detect and re-orientate the randomly placed objects to a specified position and pose. There are two main parts: (1) 3D keypoint detection system; and (2) manipulation planning system for object re-orientation. In the 3D keypoint detection system, an RGB-D camera is used to obtain the information of the environment and can generate 3D keypoints of the target object as inputs to represent its corresponding position and pose. This process simplifies the 3D model representation so that the manipulation planning for object re-orientation can be executed in a category-level manner by adding various training data of the object in the training phase. In addition, 3D suction points in both the object’s current and expected poses are also generated as the inputs of the next operation stage. During the next stage, Mask Region-Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) algorithm is used for preliminary object detection and object image. The highest confidence index image is selected as the input of the semantic segmentation system in order to classify each pixel in the picture for the corresponding pack unit of the object. In addition, after using a convolutional neural network for semantic segmentation, the Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) method is used to perform several iterations to obtain a more accurate result of object recognition. When the target object is segmented into the pack units of image process, the center position of each pack unit can be obtained. Then, a normal vector of each pack unit’s center points is generated by the depth image information and pose of the object, which can be obtained by connecting the center points of each pack unit. In the manipulation planning system for object re-orientation, the pose of the object and the normal vector of each pack unit are first converted into the working coordinate system of the robot manipulator. Then, according to the current and expected pose of the object, the spherical linear interpolation (Slerp) algorithm is used to generate a series of movements in the workspace for object re-orientation on the robot manipulator. In addition, the pose of the object is adjusted on the z-axis of the object’s geodetic coordinate system based on the image features on the surface of the object, so that the pose of the placed object can approach the desired pose. Finally, a robot manipulator and a vacuum suction cup made by the laboratory are used to verify that the proposed system can indeed complete the planned task of object re-orientation.
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Fischer, Miloš, Christina Gröbner, Andreas Dietz, Maximillian Krinninger, Tim C. Lüth, and Gero Strauß. "A Technique with Manipulator-Assisted Endoscope Guidance for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 5 (June 20, 2011): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811412726.
Abstract:
Objective. The goal of this study was to examine the theoretical feasibility of a new manipulator system for endoscope guidance in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Study Design. The accuracy of endoscope positioning and time of endoscope movement with an endoscope manipulator system were determined with an artificial sinus model. Setting. A laboratory trial was performed. The time for 60 repetitions of manual compared to manipulator-assisted endoscope movements directed at 3 different target positions was evaluated. In addition, the alignment of the position vector for each endoscope movement was examined. Subjects and Methods. A zero-degree Hopkins II telescope with a camera was used to head for the target positions. First, the endoscope movements were done manually, and afterward the endoscope manipulator system was used for endoscope guidance. The alignment of the position vector of the endoscope was measured with a portable measuring arm. Results. There was no statistical difference between the time for manual and manipulator-assisted endoscope movements for all target positions. The alignment of the position vector of the endoscope was statistically different at 2 target positions: anterior ethmoid left side and ostium of maxillary sinus left side. There was no statistical difference at all other positions. Conclusion. The endoscope manipulator system has the potential to be integrated into the operating workflow without extending the time for endoscope guidance. The surgeon will be able to use both hands for the manipulation of the instruments. Less frequent endoscope movements and instrument changes may be expected after technical modification.
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Jeffries, Sashi, Wiremu S. Demchick, Magdalena Bereza, and Paul H. Demchick. "Remote Teaching and Assessment of Professional Science Laboratory Skills." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 12, no. 5 (2022): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.5.1633.
Abstract:
An approach and system for remote teaching and assessment of a range of science laboratory skills including use of pipettes, micropipettes, dispensing solids by mass and aseptic manipulations is described. This approach assures that students have a range of job-ready practical skills before undertaking a training placement in a commercial laboratory. The system allows two-way audio and video between the student and the educator, allows the educator to remotely know the reading on a digital laboratory balance and allows student and educator to view each other’s inputs in real time on a mock Laboratory Information Management System (simulating those used in professional laboratories).
34
Geurts, Aron M., and Carol Moreno. "Zinc-finger nucleases: new strategies to target the rat genome." Clinical Science 119, no. 8 (July 6, 2010): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20100201.
Abstract:
The importance of genetic laboratory models, such as mice and rats, becomes evident when there is a poor understanding of the nature of human disease. Many rat models for human disease, created over the years by phenotype-driven strategies, now provide a foundation for the identification of their genetic determinants. These models are especially valuable with the emerging need for validation of genes found in genome-wide association studies for complex diseases. The manipulation of the rat genome using engineered zinc-finger nucleases now introduces a key technology for manipulating the rat genome, which is broadly applicable. The ability to generate knockout rat models using zinc-finger nuclease technology will now enable its full emergence as an exceptional physiological and genetic research model.
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Li, Zhiping, Jinsong Li, Yandong Zhang, Lin Li, Limin Ma, Dan Li, Feng Gao, and Zhiping Xia. "Aerosolized avian influenza virus by laboratory manipulations." Virology Journal 9, no. 1 (2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-9-146.
36
Melrose, Amber, Ximena J. Nelson, Yinnon Dolev, and William S. Helton. "Vigilance all the way down: Vigilance decrement in jumping spiders resembles that of humans." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (September 17, 2018): 1530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818798743.
Abstract:
The inability to maintain signal detection performance with time on task, or vigilance decrement, is widely studied in people. Despite suggestions that limitations in sustained attention may be a fundamental characteristic of animal cognition, there has been limited research on the vigilance decrement in other animals. We conducted two experiments to explore vigilance in jumping spiders. Our first experiment established that the vigilance decrement, decline in signal detections with time on task, occurs in these spiders in laboratory settings. Our second experiment tested whether this phenomenon was simply the result of habituation of sensory receptors by employing two dishabituation manipulations. Neither dishabituation manipulation appeared to have an effect. Thus, the vigilance decrement in spiders appears to be due to something more than simply peripheral sensory habituation. We suggest that limitations in sustained attention may be a widespread phenomenon among animals that needs addressing when theorising about the vigilance decrement.
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Ceccarelli, Marco. "A manipulation analysis for robot programming." Robotica 17, no. 5 (September 1999): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799001745.
Abstract:
In this paper a procedure is proposed for a rational and optimum use of robots. It is the result of the lessons learned by the author in the course of his consultancy and teaching activities on manipulative tasks and programming capabilities of robots.One of the chief aims of this paper is educational, and has been set on the basis of students' practice with robots in the Laboratory of Robotics at the University of Cassino, Italy. A second goal consists in highlighting and teaching how robots' versatility and flexibility can be easily exploited during robot's operation when a task is properly modelled through elementary actions. An elementary action, representing a small manipulative operation and consisting in one or few simple instructions given in robot language, can be easily performed by the robot's programming capability. Some examples have been reported to better illustrate the ideas and the procedure proposed, whose main advantage, also from an educational viewpoint, consist in providing a simpler method for analysing manipulations for robot design and programming.
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Istiandaru, A., V. Istihapsari, R. C. I. Prahmana, F. Setyawan, and A. Hendroanto. "Characteristics of manipulative in mathematics laboratory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 943 (December 2017): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/943/1/012023.
39
Lange, Florian, Cameron Brick, and Siegfried Dewitte. "Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 190189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190189.
Abstract:
Understanding how humans navigate the tension between selfish and prosocial behaviour is central to addressing social dilemmas and several environmental issues. Many accounts predict that human prosociality would increase in the presence of observing individuals. Previous studies on this observability effect predominantly relied on artificial observability manipulations and low-cost measures of prosociality. In the present Registered Report, we used a recently validated laboratory procedure of repeated dilemmas to test whether the presence of actual observers affects costly prosocial behaviour in the domain of environmental conservation. When completing this dilemma task, participants repeatedly chose between minimizing the length of the laboratory session and minimising wasted energy from a bank of LED lights. Their choices were made either in private or in the presence of actual observers. Contrary to our expectation, we did not observe higher rates of energy-conserving behaviour when participants' choices were being observed. Manipulation and robustness checks indicate that this lack of a finding is unlikely to be owing to arbitrary methodological choices. In view of these findings, we argue that a more comprehensive analysis of situation- and behaviour-specific consequences might be necessary to predict how particular behaviours are affected by observability.
40
Salmasi, H., R. Fotouhi, and P. N. Nikiforuk. "A manoeuvre control strategy for flexible-joint manipulators with joint dry friction." Robotica 28, no. 4 (August 27, 2009): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990373.
Abstract:
SUMMARYA new control strategy based on the singular perturbation method and integral manifold concept is introduced for flexible-joint manipulators with joint friction. In controllers so far developed based on the singular perturbation theory, the dynamics of actuators of flexible-joint manipulators are partially modelled, and the coupling between actuators and links is ignored. This assumption leads to inaccuracy in control performance and error in trajectory tracking which is crucial in high-precision manipulation tasks. In this paper, a comprehensive dynamic model which takes into account the coupling between actuators and links is developed and a composite controller is then designed based on the singular perturbation theorem and integral manifold concept. To overcome the joint friction, a novel method is introduced in which a linear feed-forward torque is designed using the principle of work and energy. Finally, the experimental set-up of a single rigid-link flexible-joint manipulator in the Robotics Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan is used to verify the proposed controller. Experimental results employing the new controller show that the trajectory tracking error during and at the end of the motion of the robot manipulator is significantly reduced.
41
White, A. P., E. Allen-Vercoe, B. W. Jones, R. DeVinney, W. W. Kay, and M. G. Surette. "An efficient system for markerless gene replacement applicable in a wide variety of enterobacterial species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-102.
Abstract:
We describe an improved allelic-exchange method for generating unmarked mutations and chromosomal DNA alterations in enterobacterial species. Initially developed for use in Salmonella enterica, we have refined the method in terms of time, simplicity, and efficiency. We have extended its use into related bacterial species that are more recalcitrant to genetic manipulations, including enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Data from over 50 experiments are presented including gene inactivations, site-directed mutagenesis, and promoter exchanges. In each case, desired mutations were identified by polymerase chain reaction screening typically from as few as 10–20 colonies up to a maximum of 300 colonies. The method does not require antibiotic nor nutritional markers in target genes and works efficiently in wild-type strains, obviating the need for specialized hosts or genetic systems. The use is simple, requiring basic laboratory materials, and represents an alternative to existing methods for gene manipulation in the Enterobacteriaceae.Key words: allelic exchange, temperature-sensitive plasmids.
42
Martinez, Aline S., and Ross A. Coleman. "Use of 'cageless' barriers to enclose small starfish in short-term field experiments." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 8 (2018): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17292.
Abstract:
Although small starfish may exert significant grazing effects on hard substrata, quantification of these effects has been difficult because of methodological limitations. Previously, caging small starfish for field experiments has failed because animals can escape through cage meshes and confounding effects may arise as the starfish can feed on organisms growing on the fences themselves, rather than the surface under investigation. Here, we investigated the efficiency of alternative barrier methods, such as antifouling paint and sticky barriers, for shorter-term experimental manipulation of the herbivorous starfish Parvulastra exigua. Laboratory and field manipulations tested the hypotheses that barriers are efficient in retaining starfish within plots and that the chemical repellent of the barriers does not affect the normal functioning of starfish. The results showed that the sticky barrier did not deter P. exigua, but antifouling paint retained greater numbers of individuals within barrier plots than in controls, with no short-term effects on starfish righting response.
43
Crescimanno, A. "Transposition of standard JACIE in the laboratory of manipulation." Drugs and Cell Therapies in Hematology 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/dcth.2012.14.
44
Bull, D. C., and E. K. Williams. "Chemical Changes in an Estuarine Sediment During Laboratory Manipulation." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0033-6.
45
Moni, Roger W., Deanne H. Hryciw, Philip Poronnik, Lesley J. Lluka, and Karen B. Moni. "Assessing core manipulative skills in a large, first-year laboratory." Advances in Physiology Education 31, no. 3 (September 2007): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00020.2007.
Abstract:
Responding to the concern from our faculty that undergraduate students do not have robust laboratory skills, we designed and implemented a strategy to individually teach and assess the manipulative skills of students in first-year laboratories. Five core laboratory skills were selected for the course entitled Human Biology, a large, first-year class of students, most of whom were enrolled in Bachelor of Pharmacy and Human Movement Studies. Here, we report details for the 365 students enrolled primarily in Pharmacy and Human Movement Studies bachelor degree programs in semester 1 of 2006. We designed a specific strategy to assess five core laboratory skills: 1) accurate and precise use of a micropipette, 2) calculation of dilutions and preparation of diluted samples of saline, 3) accurate representation of data using a graph, 4) use of a light microscope, and 5) acquisition of digital data by measuring the latent period for the Achilles reflex. Graduate tutors were trained to teach and assess each student on each skill. The development of competency was tracked for all students across all five skills. Most students demonstrated proficiency on their first attempt. The development of proficiency across the core skills depended on both the skill and degree program. In semester 2 of 2006, 854 students mostly enrolled in the Bachelor of Science degree program and were similarly taught and assessed on the same five core skills. This approach was an effective teaching and assessment strategy that, when applied beyond first year, should increase the level of laboratory skills across undergraduate programs in physiology.
46
Huddleston, J. "The use of small robots for laboratory manipulations." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 11 (November 1985): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/11/001.
47
McFarlane, Craig, and Thomas Pfleeger. "CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT OF PLANT FUNCTIONS BY COMPUTER-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1181H—1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1181.
Abstract:
Chambers were developed to study the uptake, accumulation and phytotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Each is connected to the computer and other support facilities by quick connects which allow the laboratory to be configured in various ways depending on experimental design. Each chamber consists of two isolation compartments connected only by plant stems. Electronic instruments are used to monitor key physiological processes of both the roots and shoots during the course of plant exposure. The computer controls the exposure conditions (i.e. day length, temperature, nutrient pH, CO2 concentration, etc.) as well as continuously collects information about plant responses (i.e. photosynthetic and transpiration rates). Photosynthesis, transpiration, and mineral nutrient uptake can be individually controlled by manipulating the environment and thus allowing their study in combination with additional stressors. The computer used to accomplish these tasks will be discussed along with other examples of computer use for plant manipulation.
48
McFarlane, Craig, and Thomas Pfleeger. "CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT OF PLANT FUNCTIONS BY COMPUTER-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1181h—1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1181h.
Abstract:
Chambers were developed to study the uptake, accumulation and phytotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Each is connected to the computer and other support facilities by quick connects which allow the laboratory to be configured in various ways depending on experimental design. Each chamber consists of two isolation compartments connected only by plant stems. Electronic instruments are used to monitor key physiological processes of both the roots and shoots during the course of plant exposure. The computer controls the exposure conditions (i.e. day length, temperature, nutrient pH, CO2 concentration, etc.) as well as continuously collects information about plant responses (i.e. photosynthetic and transpiration rates). Photosynthesis, transpiration, and mineral nutrient uptake can be individually controlled by manipulating the environment and thus allowing their study in combination with additional stressors. The computer used to accomplish these tasks will be discussed along with other examples of computer use for plant manipulation.
49
Haroske, Gunter. "Standards in Digital Pathology: Status quo." Annual Edition 2023 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47184/tp.2023.01.01.
Abstract:
Recent advancements in whole slide digital imaging technologies brought and will bring ignificantly altered traditional workflows within pathology laboratories. A diagnostic digital pathology requires the deep integration of pathology laboratory and imaging workflows, including order entry, result reporting, image storing, image manipulation, and image management. As far as different systems from different vendors are required for those integrated workflows, a common understanding for the workflow between the different partners is inevitable. Standards are the formalized representation of that common understanding. The status quo of four main classes of international reference standards for their use in digital pathology is described.
50
CHURCH, R. B., F. J. SCHAUFELE, and K. MECKLING. "EMBRYO MANIPULATION AND GENE TRANSFER IN LIVESTOCK." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-064.
Abstract:
In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Recombinant DNA constructs involve the coupling of promoter, enhancer, regulatory and structural DNA sequences to form a "fusion gene" which can then be multiplied, purified, assayed and expressed in cell culture prior to being introduced into an animal genome. Such DNA gene constructs are readily available for many human and mouse genes. However, they are not readily available for livestock species because the detailed molecular biology has not yet been established in these species. Gene transfer offers a powerful new tool in animal research. Transfer of genes into the bovine genome has been accomplished. However, successful directed expression of these incorporated genes has not been achieved to date. New combinations of fusion genes may be an effective way of producing transgenic domestic animals which show controlled expression of the desired genes. Embryo manipulation and genetic engineering in livestock species is moving rapidly. The problems being addressed at present in numerous laboratories will result in enhanced livestock production in the not too distant future. Key words: Embryo transfer, embryo manipulation, transgenic livestock, genetic engineering, gene transfer, monozygotic twins