Journal articles: 'Manila'

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Morley, Ian. "Manila." Cities 72 (February 2018): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.022.

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Bolasco, Karina A. "DATELINE Manila." Logos 11, no. 4 (2000): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2959/logo.2000.11.4.208.

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Heintel, Martin, and Günter Spreitzhofer. "Metropolitanregion Manila." Asien Afrika Latinamerika 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03233790210817.

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Oliveros, Jervie, Edgar Vallar, and Maria Galvez. "Investigating the Effect of Urbanization on Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model: A Case of Metro Manila, Philippines." Environments 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6020010.

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The effect of urbanization of Metro Manila, particularly on the amount of sensible heat flux, rainfall and temperature of selected urban and rural areas, was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Version 3.4.1 (WRFV3.4.1) model. National Center for Environmental Prediction - Final (NCEP-FNL) grib1 data from 2000 to 2010 were used as inputs into the model for meteorological data. The Mann–Kendall trend test (M–K test) was utilized to verify the significance of the trends while Sen’s slope estimator was used to quantify the measured trends. Results showed that, on average, the sensible heat flux of Metro Manila is about 1.5 × 108 Jm−2 higher than in selected areas outside Metro Manila. The occurrence of an urban heat island (UHI) effect was detected in Metro Manila by comparing the difference in the minimum and maximum temperatures. For the selected urban and rural areas, the minimum and maximum temperature differences (relative to Metro Manila) are around 0.4 to 2.4 °C and 0.83 to 2.3 °C, respectively. Metro Manila recorded higher 11-year average values of rainfall during the summer season (8% to 64%), rainy season (15% to 305%), and transition season (8% to 232%) when compared with selected areas from 25 to 100 km from Manila. These results show that the sensible heat flux, temperature and rainfall in Metro Manila is affected by Metro Manila’s urbanization.

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Fellows, Jamie. "Law at a Critical Juncture: The US Army’s Command Responsibility Trials at Manila, 1945-1947." American Journal of Legal History 60, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 192–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/njaa005.

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Abstract The US Army’s war crimes trials of the hundreds of Japanese military personnel tried at Manila from 1945 to 1947 represent an opportunity to gain valuable insights into Allied ‘justice’ at a time when many aspects of war crimes jurisprudence were at a formative stage. Specifically, the Manila trials offer a unique portal into the jurisprudence of the doctrine of command responsibility. The ‘command responsibility trials’ at Manila, as they became known, are important for understanding the jurisprudential path to finding superiors criminally responsible for the criminal acts of their subordinates. This paper examines five trials from the US Army’s Manila trials in relation to the doctrine of command responsibility and in so doing, shows how the Manila trials significantly contributed to the development of the very important doctrine known as command responsibility.

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Primadiamanti, Annisa, Robby Candra Purnama, and Riza Aulia. "UJI DAYA HAMBAT DAUN, KULIT BATANG DAN BUAH SAWO MANILA MUDA (Manilkarazapota L)TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coliDAN Staphylococcus aureus MENGGUNAKAN METODE DIFUSI SUMURAN." Jurnal Analis Farmasi 5, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jaf.v5i2.4086.

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Penggunaan obat tradisional semakin diminati dibandingkan obat kimia, hal ini disebabkan karena mahalnya obat-obatan kimia, serta efek samping yang relatif tinggi. Tanaman sawo manila muda merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun, kulit batang dan buah sawo manila muda (Manilkara zapota L) terhadap bakteri Escherichia colidan Staphylococcus aureus. Serbuk kering daun, kulit batang dan buah sawo manila muda diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 80%. Uji antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dengan prinsip membuat lubang sumuran pada permukaan agar padat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kontrol positif cotrimokasazole dan kloramfenikol, dan kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest steril. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun, kulit batang dan buah sawo manila muda memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada Escherichia colidan Staphylococcus aureusterdapat perbedaan aktivitas pada setiap konsentrasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sawo manila muda lebih efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus aureusdibandingkan dengan bakteri Escherichia coli, pada konsentrasi 100% dengan diameter sebesar 17,70 mm. Kata Kunci:Difusi Sumuran, Tanaman Sawo Manila Muda, Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

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Alyidrus, Rugayyah, A. Suparlan Isya Syamsu, and Nurjannah Nurjannah. "Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sawo Manila (Acrhras Zapota L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil)." Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/medkes.v16i1.1788.

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ABSTRACT Extract Ethanol of Manila Sapodilla (Acrhras zapota L.) contain flavonoid compound with antioxidant activity. Aim of this research is to find out ethanol extract of manila sapodilla (Acrhras zapota L.) has antioxidant activity with DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil). Extract was made by using maceration method by using ethanol liquid 70%. Ethanol extract of manila sapodilla (Acrhras zapota L.) was made main liquid 1000 ppm after that therewere dilution of 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm. Positive control (Vitamin C) with concentration 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm. Each of concentration was taken 1 ml then added 2 ml of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) liquid, and then it is homogent and incubated during 30 minutes. After that, measurement of spectrophotometer UV-Vis was conducted in wave length of 517 nm. Result of data was analyzed by using absorbansi with grapic of concentration relationship with percentage of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) inhibition. Result of research shows that ethanol extract of manila sapodilla (Acrhras zapota L.) was proven has the antioxidant activity very strong with IC50 8,2786 µg/mL. Keywords : Manila Sapodilla, DPPH, Antioxidant, Spectrophotometer. ABSTRAK Ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Acrhras zapota L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Acrhras zapota L.) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil). Ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Acrhras zapota L.) dibuat larutan induk 1000 ppm setelah itu dilakukan pengenceran 20, 40, 60, dan 80 ppm. Kontrol positif (Vitamin C) dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, dan 8 ppm. Dari masing-masing konsentrasi diambil 1 ml lalu di tambahkan 2 ml larutan DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil), kemudian dihomogenkan dan diinkubasi selama 30 menit. Setelah itu,dilakukan pengukuran spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Data hasil dianalisis pengukuran absorbansi menggunakan grafik hubungan konsentrasi dengan persen inhibisi DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Acrhras zapota L.) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 8,2786 µg/mL. Kata kunci : Sawo Manila, DPPH, Antioksidan, Spektrofotometer.

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Follette, Cameron La, Douglas Deur, Dennis Griffin, and Scott S. Williams. "Oregon's Manila Galleon." Oregon Historical Quarterly 119, no. 2 (2018): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2018.0061.

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Cameron La Follette, Douglas Deur, Dennis Griffin, and Scott S. Williams. "Oregon's Manila Galleon." Oregon Historical Quarterly 119, no. 2 (2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5403/oregonhistq.119.2.0150.

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Oliver, Kendrick. "Killer in Manila?" Reviews in American History 42, no. 3 (2014): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2014.0083.

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Hinton, William. "Impressions of Manila." Monthly Review 45, no. 1 (May 2, 1993): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-045-01-1993-05_2.

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Bharucha, Rustom. "Genet in Manila." Third Text 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820309651.

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Bringula, Rex, and Francis Balahadia. "A spatiotemporal analysis of fire incidents in Manila from 2011-2016." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2018-0147.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the results of spatiotemporal analysis of the 3,506 fire incidents in the city of Manila from 2011 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach A spatiotemporal and statistical analysis was carried out to determine the pattern of fire incidents in the city of Manila. Findings Fire incidence in Manila did not exhibit any pattern in terms of time, day of the week or month of the year. However, fire incidence did exhibit a pattern in terms of location. Faulty electrical connections are the major cause of fires throughout the year and throughout the 14 municipalities of Manila. Thus, the null hypothesis stating that spatiotemporal characteristics of cases of fire in the city of Manila do not exhibit a pattern is partially rejected. Research limitations/implications Future studies may investigate the influence of building maintenance, government control, and cooking and cigarette-disposal behaviors on fire occurrence. It is recommended that the study be replicated in other cities of Metro Manila. Practical implications Based on the causes and the spatiotemporal characteristics of fires, stakeholders (e.g. government, Bureau of Fire Protection, local government units (LGUs), communities and residents) can be informed about how to prevent fires. LGUs and government agencies can utilize the findings of this study in developing fire prevention programs for the municipalities with the highest incidence of fires. Originality/value These findings can serve as a basis for policy formulation and as a reference for the allocation of fire prevention resources and for the literature on strategic planning for fire prevention in Manila.

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Regmi, Ram Krishna. "Urbanization and Related Environmental Issues of Metro Manila." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 3 (January 10, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v3i0.18906.

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Due to rapid urbanization, Metro Manila is facing many environmental challenges with its continuous accelerating urban growth rate. According to 2010 census of population Metro Manila accounts about one-third of the total urban population and about 13% of the total national population of Philippines. The impact of urban growth of the Metro Manila to its urban environment relating on demography, solid wastes problem and problems in water bodies as well as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionis emphasized here in this study. The flood prone areas within the Metro Manila is about 31%, most of the risk areas located along creeks, river banks or coastal areas. Metro Manila produces total garbage equivalent to 25% of the national waste generation in which about 17% is paper wastes and about 16% are plastics. In terms of water quality classification the upper reaches of the Marikina River is of Class A, but all remaining river systems are of Class C. Accordingly, the classification of Manila Bay is of Class SB. Similarly, the quality of ambient air of the Metro Manila is also poor. Using 2010 as base year, the major contributor to greenhouse gas is from vehicular emissions followed by the stationary sources. An urgent need is felt to incorporate environmental issues into planning its urban area to reduce the risks of further environmental degradation.Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 3, 2017, Page: 79-92

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Mejia, Javier, and Javier Mejia. "The economics of the Manila Galleon." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 15, no. 1 (October 24, 2021): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-04-2021-0019.

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Purpose This paper aims to offer a unified economic interpretation of the existing evidence on the Manila Galleon. It intends to be an introduction to the Manila Galleon for economists curious about long-term patterns in global trade, but who are not experts on economic history. Design/methodology/approach The paper jointly presents quantitative and qualitative data to analyze in a critical way the existing work on the Manila Galleon. It proposes a conceptual model from the world-systems approach to reflect on the impact of this trade route. Evidence from two case studies, New Granada and Korea, accompany the model. Findings The paper finds that the Manila Galleon was only possible because of the temporary coincidence of a quite singular set of international circumstances and favorable local market conditions. The paper also finds that, despite its large effects on the global integration of silver markets, the Manila Galleon was a profoundly asymmetric activity that brought minor consequences to most of the world. Research limitations/implications This paper shows the importance of additional studies providing systematic quantitative evidence on the Manila Galleon. The long tradition of an archival collection developed by historians offers a huge potential to this line of research. In addition, studies in regions different from Mexico, the Philippines, Spain and China would contribute to a better understanding of the Manila Galleon’s global consequences. Practical implications This paper provides a series of reflections useful to think about the future challenges of global trade. These challenges require understanding the transformations that will come from profound technological change, massive reconfigurations of the geopolitical order and transitions in the long-term cycles of commodities. Because of their rare occurrence, these are forces hardly visible in recent history, making it necessary for the existence of long-term points of reference such as the Manila Galleon. Originality/value This paper brings together widespread evidence on the Manila Galleon and provides a unified interpretation of it. This opens the door for audiences who are not experts on the economic history of the period to discuss the topic, allowing them to reflect on its lessons for the modern world.

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Turnip, Nur Ulina M. Br, Nia Yoseva Sirait, and Sunariati . "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MANILA SAWO LEAVES (MANILKARA ZAPOTA) AGAINST BACTERIA STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS)." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v4i2.1022.

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Daun sawo manila merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Daun sawo manila mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin, yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) terhadap bakteri Streptoccocus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Sampel yang digunakan diperoleh dari daun sawo diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji daya hambat antibakteri menggunakan difusi cakram dengan 6 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari konsentrasi 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, serta Amoxicillin sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO sebagai kontrol negatif diulang sebanyak 4 kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Analisis data menggunakan One way-ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila memiliki kemampuan daya hambat antibakteri pada konsentrasi 50% (15,85 mm), 60% (16,45 mm), 70% (17,05 mm), 80% (17,45 mm). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila memiliki aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans.

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Nufus, Inarotun, Nur Qomariyah, and Erlix Rakhmad Purnama. "Aktivitas Antidiabetik Ekstrak Daun Sawo Manila (Manilkara zapota) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Penyembuhan Ulkus Diabetikum pada Mencit Diabetes." LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v10n3.p319-328.

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Hiperglikemia yang disebabkan kelebihan ROS mendorong stress oksidatif sel beta (Î²) pankreas dan menghambat sekresi insulin pada Diabetes mellitus. Hal ini berpotensi menghasilkan komplikasi ulkus diabetik. Tingginya aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi daun sawo manila berpotensi untuk mengobati diabetes. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui metabolit sekunder ekstrak daun sawo manila, menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap kadar gula darah, dan persentase penyembuhan ulkus. Mencit jantan galur DDY yang diinduksi alloxan 2,2 mg/20g BB dengan enam kelompok meliputi kontrol negatif (KN), kontrol positif (KP), ekstrak DOSI (5,6 mg/20g BB), DOSII (16,8 mg/20g BB), DOSIII (28 mg/20g BB) dan glibenclamide dengan empat ulangan selama 14 hari perlakuan. Identifikasi senyawa daun sawo manila dengan uji skrining fitokimia di Laboratorium Kimia Organik UNESA. Pengukuran kadar gula darah menggunakan alat glukometer. Pengukuran ulkus dilakukan dengan pengukuran panjang dan perhitungan persentase penyembuhan. Analisis kadar gula darah menggunakan SPSS uji ANOVA, dan persentase penyembuhan ulkus menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan sawo manila mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, fenolik, dan tanin. Pemberian ekstrak daun sawo manila berpengaruh secara signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kadar gula darah puasa hari ke-14 perlakuan ekstrak (0,05>0,015) dan penyembuhan ulkus diabetikum (0,05>0,001). Pengaruh paling optimal ditunjukkan oleh DOSII (ekstrak 16,8 mg/ 20 g BB). Dengan demikian, daun sawo manila berpotensi sebagai obat diabetes mellitus.

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Bilang, Ronald Gil Joy P., Ariel C. Blanco, Justine Ace S. Santos, and Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera. "Simulation of Urban Heat Island during a High-Heat Event Using WRF Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study for Metro Manila." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101658.

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This present study aims to determine the performance of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating the 2 m air temperature and 2 m relative humidity in Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided with the dry season in the Philippines. The four urban canopy model options that were used in this study include, the bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, and BEM. The results of the simulations were compared with the hourly observations from three weather stations over Metro Manila from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) and one agrometeorological station in Naic, Cavite. After model validation, the urban heat island (UHI) was then characterized to determine the spatial-temporal variations in the cities of Metro Manila. Statistical results show that the WRF simulation for 2 m air temperature agrees with measurements with an RMSE of <3.0 °C, mean bias error of <2.0 °C, and index of agreement of >0.80. WRF simulation for relative humidity still presents a challenge where simulation errors are higher than the acceptable range. The addition of UCMs does not necessarily improve the simulation for 2 m air temperature, while the use of BEP improved the 2 m relative humidity simulation. The results suggest the importance of using actual urban morphology values in WRF to accurately simulate near-surface variables. On the other hand, WRF simulation shows the presence of urban heat islands, notably in the northwest and central area of Metro Manila during daytime, extending throughout Metro Manila during nighttime. Lower air temperature was consistently observed in areas near Laguna Lake, while higher air temperature due to stagnant winds was observed in the northwest area of Metro Manila. High heat index was also observed throughout Metro Manila from daytime until nighttime, especially in areas near bodies of water like Manila Bay and Laguna Lake due to high humidity.

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Hasyim, Muhammad Farid, Gerfan Patandung, and Irfiana. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli." Jurnal Farmasi Sandi Karsa 4, no. 7 (November 7, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36060/jfs.v4i7.26.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Infusa Daun Sawo Manila (Manilkara zapota L.) terhadap Escherchia coli. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode infusa dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15% infusa Daun Sawo manila, aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif, dan ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol positif.Dilakukan replikasi sebanyak 3 kali pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya zona hambat selama 1x24 jam dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna tiap konsentrasi atau tidak ada pengaruh perlakuan konsentrasi pada infusa Daun Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Escherchia coli dengan rata-rata zona hambat yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi 5% sebesar 9,72 mm, 10% sebesar 10,68 mm dan 15% sebesar 12,38 mm. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa infusa daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota L.) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli.

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Gamboa, Mark Anthony M., Ryan Randle B. Rivera, and Mario R. Delos Reyes. "City Profile: Manila, Philippines." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (September 2019): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859149.

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Manila is a primate city with national and international significance. Unlike any other city in the Philippines, Manila has the mandate of serving not just its local constituents, but also a clientele of national and even global scale. Recognizing that the localization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at sub-national levels is a key element in meeting the targets by 2030, it is important to look at how cities have been confronting local challenges relating to the development goals. Focusing on SDGs 3, 4 and 11, this city profile shows that Manila has performed reasonably well against key national and regional benchmarks on health, education and urban sustainability. However, as the city continues to lag behind many of its regional counterparts, key reforms must be undertaken in the areas of local policymaking, targeting of resources, scale of public participation and engagement of national government agencies. Heading into the first four years of the SDGs, the aim of this profile is to recognize and contextualize Manila’s existing urban conditions, best practices and pressing challenges—which would all have a significant implication on how Manila stands to attain SDGs 3, 4 and 11.

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Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Mark Louie D. Lopez, Christian Irvin Harvey A. David, Dave Ryan A. Dela Cruz, Gian Alfonso A. Viernes, Jac Fritgerald Wong, and Rey Donne S. Papa. "Freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Anomopoda and Ctenopoda, Copepoda: Cyclopoida and Calanoida) in the highly urbanized Metropolitan Manila area (Luzon, Philippines)." Check List 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2018): 751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.5.751.

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Despite the increasing interest in studying Cladocera and Copepoda in Philippine freshwaters, there is a need to update our knowledge on its taxonomy and distribution in highly urbanized areas, such as Metropolitan Manila. This paper presents an updated listing of freshwater microcrustaceans and their distribution in Metropolitan Manila, considering the continued deterioration of water quality and increased urbanization in many areas since the last comprehensive study on these taxa in 1950s. We collected water samples from 33 freshwater sites in Metropolitan Manila and 23 of which were found to contain microcrustacean zooplankton. A total of 13 species were identified including two new locality records for C. cornuta and D. dubium in Pasig River. All 8 cladocerans, we identified have already recorded in previous studies while 3 cyclopoid copepods are new records for Metropolitan Manila. Furthermore, 16% of all known freshwater microcrustacean zooplankton species in the Philippines are found in Metropolitan Manila, including the Luzon-endemic Filipinodiaptomus insulanus collected from man-made reservoirs in less-disturbed habitats (an urban wildlife park, golf course and eco-park). Other identified species such as Thermocyclops taihokuensis may serve as indicator for high levels of nutrient. These results point to the importance of monitoring urban aquatic biodiversity for their potential in determining aquatic ecosystem health and of maintaining urban aquatic sanctuaries which may serve as alternative habitat for flora and fauna in rapidly developing urban centers such as Metropolitan Manila.

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Wahdani, Amelia, Khusnul Yaqin, Nita Rukminasari, Suwarni ., Nadiarti ., Dwi Fajriyati Inaku, and Liestiaty Fachruddin. "KONSENTRASI MIKROPLASTIK PADA KERANG MANILA Venerupis philippinarum DI PERAIRAN MACCINI BAJI, KECAMATAN LABAKKANG, KABUPATEN PANGKAJEN KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI SELATAN." Maspari Journal : Marine Science Research 12, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56064/maspari.v12i2.12809.

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Mikroplastik di perairan menjadi permasalahan yang cukup serius bagi organisme perairan. Organisme filter feeder seperti kerang memiliki resiko yang cukup besar untuk mengakumulasi mikroplastik ke dalam tubuhnya. Salah satu jenis organisme tersebut ialah kerang manila (Venerupis philippinarum) yang banyak terdapat di Perairan Maccini Baji, Kecamatan Labakkang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan konsentrasi mikroplastik yang terdapat pada daging kerang manila (Venerupis philippinarum). Pengambilan sampel kerang dilakukan dengan metode sampling acak berlapis (stratified random sampling), sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 118 ekor. 118 sampel kerang manila tersebut kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok ukuran panjang cangkang kerang yaitu kelas A (3,11 – 3,86 cm), kelas B (3,87 – 4,82 cm), kelas C (4,83 – 6,01 cm). Pengamatan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan sebanyak 61 sampel (51,69%) kerang manila mengandung partikel mikroplastik. Mikroplastik yang ditemukan berbentuk fiber dan fragmen, dengan warna dominan biru, hitam, dan transparan. Ukuran mikroplastik yang ditemukan berkisar antara 0,090 – 4,919 mm. Nilai rata-rata konsentrasi mikroplastik pada masing-masing kelompok ukuran panjang cangkang kerang secara berurutan yaitu 0,6129 item/g, 0,6303 item/g, dan 0,2198 item/g. Kata kunci: Fiber, kerang manila, konsentrasi mikroplastik, Maccini Baji, Venerupis philippinarum.

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Anita, Anita, Nurul Ni’ma Azis, and Eka Safitri. "Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Sawo Manila Terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella thypi." Lontara 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v1i1.50.

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Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) is a plant that is traditionally used to treat several types of diseases, one of which is typhoid fever. Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) is safe for consumption because it does not have harmful effects on the human body. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of extracts to inhibit the growth of Salmonella thypi. Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) was extracted with 70% ethanol using maceration method. This type of research is experimental laboratory. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion method to be layered n the Muller Hilton Agar (MHA) medium and an incubation period of 24 hours at 370C. The test results showed that sawo manila at a concentration of 50% showed the presence of inhibition zones with a diameter of I: 4 mm, II: 5 mm, III: 6 mm and at a concentration of 100% also showed the presence of inhibition zones with a diameter of I: 11 mm, II: 13 mm, III: 12 mm. From the results of the study showed Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) can effectively inhibit Salmonella thypi so that it can be used as an alternative treatment.

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Idrus, Hasta Handayani, Lisa Yuniati, Andi Muhammad Fadilah, Yusriani Mangarengi, and Yani Sodiqah. "Efektifitas Ekstrak Buah Sawo Manila (Achras Zapota L.) terhadap Salmonella Typhi dengan Metode Agar Difus." UMI Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/umj.v3i1.30.

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Latar Belakang: Demam tifoid adalah infeksi sistemik akibat Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (S. typhi). Pada tahun 2004 S. typhi diperkirakan menginfeksi 21,7 juta orang dan menyebabkan 217.000 kematian di seluruh dunia. Insidensi tinggi demam tifoid (>100 kasus/100.000 populasi/tahun) ditemukan di Asia Selatan, Asia Tenggara, dan Afrika Selatan, sebanyak 80% kasus berasal dari area kumuh di Bangladesh, Cina, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, dan Vietnam. Tujuan: Untuk Mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak buah sawo manila (Achras zapota L.) terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan metode agar difus dengan mengetahui sensitivitas Salmonella typhi penyebab demam tifoid terhadap buah sawo manila dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri dan mengukur zona hambat ekstrak buah sawo manila terhadap Salmonella typhi dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian true experimental post test dengan menggunakan metode disc diffusion untuk melihat efektivitas ekstrak buah sawo manila (Achras zapota L.). Hasil: Dari konsentrasi 100%, 200% dan 400% di dapatkan dari sawo manila yang diencerkan menggunakan DMSO bahwa pada konsentrasi 100% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi resisten, 200% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi intermediet dan 400% didapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan interpretasi sensitif, terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi.

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Simmons, Brandi L., Jenifer Sterling, and Jane C. Watson. "Species and size-selective predation by raccoons (Procyon lotor) preying on introduced intertidal clams." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 12 (December 2014): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0108.

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Raccoons (Procyon lotor (L., 1758)) are known for their dietary plasticity and ability to exploit new resources. We studied raccoons preying on introduced intertidal clams and hypothesized that raccoons maximized energetic profit by foraging selectively. Raccoons discarded Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850)) but selected large varnish clams (Nuttallia obscurata (Reeve, 1857)), although varnish and Manila clam densities did not differ significantly and small varnish clams were more abundant than large ones. We determined the energy content of different-sized varnish and Manila clams by subtracting the cost of cracking a clam from its soft-tissue energy. Varnish clams with less shell mass than Manila clams required less energy to open, but for their size Manila clams were more profitable. We suggest that raccoons, limited to preying on clams when the tide is low and at risk feeding on an open beach, select varnish clams because they need less handling, but maximize profit by selecting large clams. Our calculations indicate that a raccoon eating large varnish clams could obtain up to 8.4% of its daily basal metabolic needs in 10 min, making varnish clams a potentially valuable new prey resource.

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Aziz, A. F., N. H. Mardi, M. A. Malek, W. K. Tan, and S. Y. Teh. "Determination of the Most Significant Fault Parameters for Manila Trench Earthquake Tsunami." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22741.

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Manila Trench subduction zone is capable to produce high magnitude of earthquake event that can generate a deadliest tsunami disaster. The 2006 tsunami source workshop conducted by United States Geological Survey (USGS) had classified Manila Trench as the most hazardous potential earthquake generated tsunami source in South China Sea. The giant megathrust rupture from Manila Trench has the ability to create an earthquake as powerful as the Great Tohoku tsunami in 2011 and the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. This technical paper aims to review the fault parameters used by different researchers in investigating the possibility of tsunami occurrences generated from Manila Trench earthquake to the coastal areas of Terengganu, Malaysia which is located within the vicinity of South China Sea. The selected fault parameters were simulated by using TUNA model in order to study the potential effects of Manila Trench earthquake induced tsunami. The outcomes of the simulation are the wave height and wave arrival time. At the end of this technical paper, an intensive approach is implemented to select the most significant fault parameters that create the potential worst-case tsunami scenario towards Terengganu coastal areas in terms of the highest and fastest first wave arrived.

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TAYLOR, JEREMY E. "Chinese film exhibition in Occupied Manila (1942–1945)." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 5 (February 1, 2013): 1588–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000467.

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AbstractThis paper explores the nature of film exhibition amongst the Chinese community in Manila during the Japanese Occupation of that city. Based on advertisements and film listings published in the Chinese-language press of the day (as well as on pre-war records concerning commercial Chinese entertainment in the Philippines), it explores the continuities in film exhibition practice undertaken by various theatre operators within the Binondo area of Manila both before, during, and after the war. The paper suggests not only that such practices represented a quite different trajectory from that experienced in other parts of Occupied Manila, but also that a more thorough exploration of the Manila Chinese during wartime—one which goes beyond questions of mere collaboration and/or resistance—will encourage us to question some of the assumptions that underpin recent scholarship about this community.

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Hasanah, Nurul, Emmy Harso Kardhinata, and Jamilah Nasution. "Uji Anti Bakteri Ekstrak Daun Sawo Manila (Manilkara zapota) Terhadap Escherichia coli." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA) 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jibioma.v1i2.164.

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Manilkara zapota L was included plant which the most popular in South East of Asian. The society also used young fruit, bark, and Sapilla Manila Leaf as tradisional medicine diaerrhea resistant, because substance of tanin was contained in it could hampered and killed the number of bacterias such as Shigella, Salmonella thypii, Escherichia coli. This research purposed for knowing ability of blocked energy from exstract Sapilla Manila Leaf towards Escherichia coli. This research experimentalsm with used qualitatif methode and diffusion methode. Concentration extract of Sapilla Manila Leaf which was used namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% with 5 times,. The result of research showed that extract Sapilla Manila Leaf with each that concentrat have not hampered growth of Escherichia coli. The possibility was caused by several factors such as the concentration level of the extract, the nature of the bacteria used and the tools used in the solvent evaporation process.

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Alvarez, Kerby C. "A Cultural Minority’s Disaster Survival Experience: The August 1968 Luzon Earthquake, the Ruby Tower Tragedy, and the Chinese in Manila." China and Asia 4, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 286–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-04020006.

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Abstract This paper narrates a history of the August 2, 1968 Luzon earthquake that severely hit the capital city of Manila in the Philippines. The central site of this earthquake disaster was the collapse of a premiere, high-rise residential building in downtown Manila, the Ruby Tower Apartments. This tragedy reflects the projection of nationalism in terms of collective disaster response, and the Philippines’ complicated dealings with a specific segment of the population. The Ruby Tower tragedy was an emblematic representation of the country’s disaster response capacities and Filipino society’s perception and treatment of the Chinese and Filipino Chinese residents in Manila. Using newspapers, magazine articles, and scientific reports about the earthquake, this study aims to present a microhistory of a cultural minority in Manila, specifically on how the sordid story of earthquake disaster survival projects a poignant picture of ethnic dynamics and disaster politics in the country in the 1960s.

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Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong, and Mie Hiramoto. "Two Englishes diverged in the Philippines?" Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 35, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00057.gon.

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Abstract Although World Englishes (WE) scholarship is concerned with the study of English varieties in different social contexts, there is a tendency to treat postcolonial ones as homogenous regional phenomena (e.g., Philippine English). Few researchers have discussed variation and social differentiation in detail with empirical evidence. Thus, in order to understand how layers of different varieties of WE operate within a specific group of speakers, this study takes an empirical intergroup approach from a substratist framework. This study explores distinctive features of a metropolitan Manila variety of Chinese English used in the Philippines, Manila Chinese English (MCE), an English contact variety used by Manila Chinese Filipinos. After comparing the frequencies of selected features observed in a 52,000-word MCE database with frequencies in Manila English and American English corpora, this study found that a distinct variety – MCE – most likely emerged in the 1960s due to the extensive contact between general Manila English and local tongues of Chinese Filipinos such as (Hybrid) Hokkien and Tagalog, which function as MCE’s substrate languages. This study takes into account MCE’s structure, sources, and genesis, and discusses MCE in relation to Philippine English as positioned in Schneider’s dynamic model, to demonstrate how intergroup variations coexist but take divergent paths within a WE variety.

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Barros, Amândio Jorge Morais. "The Manila Galleon, Macao and international maritime and commercial relations, 1500–1700." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679114.

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Formal and informal trade were key elements in the establishment of global connections. Using data collected from Portuguese and Spanish archives, as well as the secondary literature, this article examines the early modern Southeast Asian Iberian communities of Macao and Manila, their weakness and resilience. Far from the centres of political decision-making they relied on their own resources and abilities to manage maritime connections with China, Japan and Spanish America through the voyages of the ‘Macao Ship’ and the ‘Manila Galleon’. The rarely mentioned intervention of the Macanese traders in the Manila Galleon route constitutes a central part of this research.

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Heistermann, M., I. Crisologo, C. C. Abon, B. A. Racoma, S. Jacobi, N. T. Servando, C. P. C. David, and A. Bronstert. "Brief communication "Using the new Philippine radar network to reconstruct the Habagat of August 2012 monsoon event around Metropolitan Manila"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 13, 2013): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-653-2013.

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Abstract. From 6 to 9 August 2012, intense rainfall hit the northern Philippines, causing massive floods in Metropolitan Manila and nearby regions. Local rain gauges recorded almost 1000 mm within this period. However, the recently installed Philippine network of weather radars suggests that Metropolitan Manila might have escaped a potentially bigger flood just by a whisker, since the centre of mass of accumulated rainfall was located over Manila Bay. A shift of this centre by no more than 20 km could have resulted in a flood disaster far worse than what occurred during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009.

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Friedman, Max Paul. "From Manila to Baghdad:." Revue Française d Etudes Américaines 113, no. 3 (2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfea.113.0026.

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Hayashi, Hiroko. "Three Days in Manila." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 7, no. 11 (2002): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.7.11_77.

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Peake, Richard H. "American Graveyard in Manila." Anglican Theological Review 97, no. 1 (December 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861509700109.

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Mochoruk, J. "From Manila To Manitoba." Oral History Review 38, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohr001.

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Kalpakian, Laura. "The Battle of Manila." Iowa Review 19, no. 2 (April 1989): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.3726.

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&NA;. "CAHE ESG in Manila." PACEsetterS 4, no. 3 (July 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jbi.0000393574.40686.02.

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V.C.P. "Manila Galleon Log Books." Americas 48, no. 3 (January 1992): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500018071.

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Gomez, E. D. "Dam(n) Manila Bay?" Marine Pollution Bulletin 26, no. 7 (July 1993): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(93)90168-j.

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Mabaquiao, L. C. "INSAR-BASED LOS SURFACE DEFORMATION COMPARISON OF METRO MANILA BEFORE AND AFTER THE JANUARY 2020 TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W6-2021 (November 18, 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w6-2021-201-2021.

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Abstract. The city of Metro Manila has been constantly battered by several hazards on an annual basis. On January 2020, the Taal Volcano erupted with multiple recorded earthquakes. Previous literatures have found that Metro Manila is experiencing a steady subsidence. Determination of land uplift or subsidence is crucial in planning and mitigating the effects of flooding in the area. The study aims to determine whether an uplift occurred in Metro Manila after the eruption or is the study area still experiencing subsidence This study uses a pair L1 SLC Sentinel 1 Images. Radar Interferometry is used to generate Interferograms and Satellite Line of Sight (LOS) deformation was determined between the 2 dates of image acquisition. It was found that the Metro Manila area generally experienced an uplift except for some areas in Caloocan which shows subsidence. The uplift magnitude gradually decreases going from the South to North with a max value of 9.6 cm.

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Soriano, Ronald N. "Melting Pot or Salad Bowl: Metro Manila's Cultural Heterogeneity." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.09.05.

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Metro Manila is the bustling capital of the Philippines that has varied cultural influences. This study determined the perceptions of 200 respondents from selected government and private companies’ employees in the National Capital Region towards Metro Manila’s Salad Bowl of Homogeneity and Cultural Heterogeneity. Concurrent Triangulation was utilized to gather the perceptions of 200 government and private companies’ employees and corroborate findings within the study. Based on the results, people who keep in touch with their immediate kin and sometimes visit home to celebrate usual practices have the highest mean score of 3.25. On the other hand, people who were born in Metro Manila to parents who were from provinces thrive to learn about their native culture and family practices have the lowest mean score of 2.12, such that Metro Manila is a cultural melting pot due to its cultural heterogeneity. Metro Manila is a blend of the world’s culture, food, and languages, and diverse way of life.

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Ochoa, Elisa del Carmen Martínez, María Andrade-Rodríguez, Mario Rocandio Rodríguez, and Angel Villegas Monter. "Identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in polyembryonic mango cultivars." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 11 (November 2012): 1629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012001100010.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of polyembryony in the mango cultivars Manila and Ataulfo, and to determine whether seedlings cultured in vitro are zygotic or nucelar. Percentage of polyembryony was calculated and the number of embryos in 100 seeds of each cultivar was recorded. 'Manila' exhibited 97% polyembryony with 3.4 embryos per seed, while 'Ataulfo' had 95% polyembryony with 3.2 embryos per seed. Later, 20 seeds of each cultivar were established in vitro, and it was analyzed those in which all embryos germinated (12 seeds from 'Manila' and 7 from 'Ataulfo'). DNA was extracted from seedling leaf tissue, and its origin was identified with 14 RAPD primers. The polymorphic markers recognized the seedlings of sexual origin in seven of nine 'Manila' polyembryonic seeds, and in four of seven 'Ataulfo' ones. Also, in polyembryonic seeds not all zygotic seedlings were produced by small embryos located at the micropyle.

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Coello de la Rosa, Alexandre. "«Una persona santa y de vida inculpable»: fray Pedro de Arce y la tercera sede vacante en el arzobispado de Manila (1630-1634)." Hispania Sacra 74, no. 150 (December 30, 2022): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hs.2022.37.

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Poco, o muy poco, se ha escrito sobre las sedes vacantes del cabildo eclesiástico de Manila. El breve gobierno del obispo de Cebú, fray Pedro de Arce (1560-1645), en la tercera vacante del arzobispado de Manila (1630-34), dejó dos cosas claras: la primera, que el fraile agustino no estaba dispuesto a dejar la mitra de Manila en manos del cabildo catedralicio, y la segunda, que los monarcas españoles, a través de sus obispos, no querían dejar el gobierno eclesiástico a merced de los poderes locales. En este artículo se revela que las tensiones y conflictos eclesiásticos en el arzobispado de Manila durante el primer tercio del siglo XVII no fueron la excepción sino la norma, en gran medida porque la vía negociadora y clientelar se convirtió en un mecanismo esencial para la concesión de beneficios y prebendas, así como para el equilibrio de poderes en las sedes vacantes de los cabildos eclesiásticos de Filipinas.

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Van der Wall, Hidde. "The City as Nation: Nick Joaquin’s Manila, My Manila as Nationalist History." Kritika Kultura, no. 33/34 (December 17, 2021): 226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13185/kk2020.0033/3412.

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Zhou, Meng. "Fuentes chinas del marfil hispano-filipino: Comercio, migración e intercambios culturales." Quintana: revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte, no. 19 (January 18, 2021): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/qui.19.6106.

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Este artículo tiene como objetivo buscar las fuentes chinas del marfil hispano-filipino, piezas hechas por los artesanos chinos en Manila por encargo de los españoles durante el dominio hispánico en Filipinas. La mayoría de estos artistas procedían de Zhangzhou, ciudad que tuvo una emergente industria de marfil y abundantes relaciones comerciales con Manila en aquella época. En este texto abordaremos las actividades comerciales y la emigración de Zhangzhou a Manila, las relaciones entre la eboraria hispano-filipina y el marfil de Zhangzhou, y, sobre todo, las relaciones formales entre la figura la Virgen María y la de Guanyin, cuyas interacciones iconográficas nos ayudan a comprender mejor estos intercambios culturales.

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Brombin, Valentina, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Frijia, Katharina Schmitt, Martina Casalini, and Gianluca Bianchini. "Isotope Geochemistry for Seafood Traceability and Authentication: The Northern Adriatic Manila Clams Case Study." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193054.

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In Italy, the production of manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum, Adams and Reeve, 1850) is mainly localized in northern Adriatic lagoons in the Po River delta, where shellfish farming provides important socio-economic revenue. However, in our globalized world, the seafood market is threated by fraudulent activities, in which agri-food products whose provenance is not certified are sold, posing a risk to consumer health. Multi-isotope ratio analysis is commonly used to trace the provenance of goods produced in different countries with different climatic and environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the reliability of this approach in terms of tracing the exact provenance of manila clams harvested in three Adriatic northern lagoons that are close to each other. We also verified the origin of samples bought at a local supermarket with a certificate of provenance. We carried out elemental analyses of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) and the respective isotopic ratios (13C/12C; 15N/14N; 34S/32S) on manila clam tissues, plus isotopic analyses of carbon (13C/12C), oxygen (18O/16O), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) on manila clam shells. Each isotopic parameter can be used to identify the marine and continental contributions of water and/or nutrient supplies occurring in the lagoons. Therefore, the combination of isotopic parameters in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allowed for the identification of the lagoons in which the manila clams were produced.

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Smith, Chris, Eumelia Salva Villarama, Edmundo Lopez, Ana Ria Sayo, Xerxes Seposo, and Koya Ariyoshi. "COVID-19 is moving to high-density, poor residential areas in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.2.003.

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We describe three waves of COVID-19 infections in Manila. First, imported cases among Chinese nationals; second, infections amongst Filipinos residing in less densely populated areas; and third, infections amongst Filipinos residing in high-density areas. We highlight this using admissions data from the National Infectious Diseases hospital in Manila.

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Maldonado-Astudillo, Yanik I., Heidi A. Navarrete-García, Óscar D. Ortiz-Morales, Javier Jiménez-Hernández, Ricardo Salazar-López, Irán Alia-Tejacal, and Patricia Álvarez-Fitz. "PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS Y ANTIOXIDANTES DE VARIEDADES DE MANGO CRECIDAS EN LA COSTA DE GUERRERO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2016.3.207-214.

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El mango (Mangifera indica L.) es una fruta tropical que destaca por su particular sabor y aroma, tiene amplia aceptación y una creciente demanda en los mercados internacionales. Dado que las propiedades y composición varían con la región de cultivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las características físicas, químicas y actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de cuatro variedades de mango producidas en el estado de Guerrero. Se cosecharon frutos sanos en madurez fisiológica y de consumo de las variedades de mango Ataulfo, Manila, Irwin y Criollo. Las variedades sobresalientes en atributos de calidad física fueron: Ataulfo en biomasa (387.8 g); Irwin en firmeza (37.3 kg cm-2); Ataulfo Manila y Criollo en color externo (matiz > 40 ºh). La mayor acidez titulable total fue para Ataulfo (0.3 %); pH para Manila, Criollo e Irwin (3.5 a 3.9). No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre variedades en el contenido de sólidos solubles totales (8.5 a 11.3 ºBrix), humedad (60 a 82 %) y cenizas (0.4 a 0.5 %). El mayor contenido de azúcares totales se presentó en la variedad Irwin (31 %) y de vitamina C en Manila y Criollo (34 a 48 mg g-1). El mayor contenido de polifenoles (527.59 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g) y flavonoides (438.69 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g) fue para Ataulfo en frutos en madurez fisiológica y la mayor actividad atrapadora de radicales libres para extractos metanólicos de las variedades Ataulfo y Criollo. Se concluye que las variedades Ataulfo, Manila, Criollo e Irwin satisfacen los requerimientos de la Norma NMX-FF-058-SCFI-2006 de calidad de mango fresco para comercio nacional y que la variedad Ataulfo cumple con la categoría extra grande de la NOM-188-SCFI-2012. La gran actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de las variedades Manila, Irwin y Criollo les confieren valor a sus frutos como alimentos funcionales.

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Cruz, Eric C., Jose Santos, and Laurenz Luigi Cruz. "PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING OF A SEAWALL TO MITIGATE TYPHOON-INDUCED WAVE OVERTOPPING ALONG ROXAS BOULEVARD, MANILA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.47.

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Roxas Boulevard is a crucial national road of the urban transport system of Metro Manila. The road is protected from the sea hazards of Manila Bay by Roxas Boulevard Seawall. This gravity-type seawall also protects the important recreational promenade and high-value properties behind the wall. The seawall was overtopped several times by recent strong typhoons. In 2011, it collapsed after storm surges and waves generated by Typhoon Nesat overtopped it and caused substantial flooding of a vast urban area of Manila city just behind the seawall. It was rebuilt quickly after that but only to be overtopped again by severe storm tides and high waves from subsequent strong typhoons. A study was commissioned by the national public works agency DPWH to understand the causative processes and provide basis for suitable mitigating solutions against overtopping of the seawall. This study discusses the typhoon-induced hydrodynamics in Manila Bay and the preliminary engineering undertaken to design one of the engineering interventions that were recommended to mitigate seawall overtopping.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Manila'

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