Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Manifestations pour les droits de l'homme'
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Kouassi, Améyo Délali. "La responsabilité internationale pour violation des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT3002.
Full textBeing probably one of the phenomena that has most marked international law since 1945, the internationalization of human rights has left marks that are noticeable in the international legal order, particularly in the international responsibility law. The present study aims to highlight the influence of human rights and the values they incarnate in the law of international responsibility. This influence has resulted in an objectification of international responsibility with the elimination of the damage as an element of that mechanism. In addition, human rights have contributed to prepare the ground for the emergence, consolidation and the gradual enrichment of the concept of erga omnes, factor favoring a multilateral approach to international responsibility. The influence of human rights on the law of international responsibility is mainly manifested through the ability now recognized to individual victims to have direct access to international courts to assert their rights. All these developments, which reveal the increasing importance given to the individual on the international scene and the desire to make the protection of human rights a concern for the international community, make the responsibility for violation of human rights a specific institution
Saraya, Aliaa. "Des engagés pour la cause des droits de l'homme en Égypte /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414745739.
Full textLa couv. porte en plus : "la clef de la vie de l'Égypte ancienne" Bibliogr. p. 275-305.
Allahham, Khalil. "La responsabilité de l'État pour violations systémiques des droits de l'Homme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH001.
Full textIn one sense the adjective systemic means what is “relating to or involving a whole system”. With this definition as reference, this study concerns the (dys)functioning of domestic legal systems from an international perspective. The word systematic refers also, in human rights matters, to what is practiced “on a large scale” revealing the absence of care and the absence of rationality in the legal sense, and which can be measured in terms of procedures and legal obligations. These two definitions of the word systemic represent two principal aspects of our research, as they are linked to eachother. In studying international jurisprudence related to human rights matters, our research aims, on one hand, to build a category of violations that we designate as systemic and to demonstrate the particularity of their legal treatment. On the other hand, we will demonstrate the manner in which human rights jurisdictions adapt to this type of violations. Finally, there is the aim of illustrating the specificity of international liability of the state arising from systemic violations
Nollez-Goldbach, Raphaëlle. "Quel homme pour les droits ? : les droits de l'homme à l'épreuve de la figure de l'étranger." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070070.
Full textThis thesis deals with international law, theory and law philosophy. It focuses on the figure of the human of the rights, on the individual entitled to the rights as they are declared and implemented, on the claim of universality of the « human » of human rights. Is « everyone », with « no distinction », as claimed by international and regional texts, the rights beneficiary? I point out that the abstract and theoretical universal of the human being is being reduced in effect to a located man, as the human of the rights has been captured by the national. In a fîrst step, I draw the picture of the juridical man, of the human as apprehended by law, the theoretical individual entitled to the human rights, through a critical perspective of the legal construction of the juridical subject, of rights foundations and of the relations between rights of the man, of the citizen and of the national - Partie I. I then confront this model to the alien figure, to the theoretical protection of the alien and his effective rights, in order to make the obstacles to the human of the rights universalism emerge - Partie II. The alien figure, this non-national, takes thus effect by revealing the paradoxes of human rights. It points out the loss of universality of Homo juridicus and the reduction of human rights to national rights
Pratt, Valéry. "Pour une philosophie du droit international : Nuremberg, les droits de l'Homme et le cosmopolitisme." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0081.
Full textThis work offers an analysis of the legal scope of international law and the conditions for its constitutionalization, in order to lay out the contours required by a philosophy of international law. I will set aside the temptation of sovereignism inherent in classical international law (what Schmitt names jus publicum europaeum) so as to study, within Kant's and Habermas’ scope, the emergence of a cosmopolitical conception of international relations; therefore I will distinguish different levels of legitimacy that States now share with their citizens since the latter are also subjects of international law. At stake is a theoretical grasp on the transition of international law which came about with World War 2 - and even more so with the end of the Cold War. Therefore I will focus on the Nuremberg Trial (first part), the expectations, presuppositions and outcomes entailed; I will then (second part) consider the status of human rights, such as the United Nations have tried to guarantee them, in international law; this will lead to (third part) a new paragon of international law, which I shall name the deliberative paradigm. In practice, this new paradigm is opposed to Schmitt’s theory of large spaces through which he recognizes the new post-national era but seeks to ground international law in a new concrete order. In such an order friends can still decide who is or isn’t a foe on the basis of a war of values which he considers to be incompatible with the cosmopolitan pacificism innate to the liberal political theory and its abstractions. I maintain that it is necessary to defend a universalistic claim to validity, the claim for principles able to overcome the value-conflict. I refer myself to Habermas’ most recent argumentations (including my own translation of Der Gespaltene Westen, chapters 7 and 8, see appendix), which I discuss and criticize in order to defend the social dimension of international justice
Hunter-Henin, Myriam. "Pour une redéfinition du statut personnel." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010328.
Full textRouget, Didier. "La Convention européenne pour la prévention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL20001.
Full textEberhard, Christoph. "Droits de l'homme et dialogue interculturel : vers un désarmement culturel pour un droit de paix." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010336.
Full textOngendangenda, Muya Richard. "Droits de l'homme et responsabilité pour autrui. De la radicalisation levinassienne aux perspectives jonassienne et arendtienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/263849.
Full textDroits de l’Homme et responsabilité pour autrui. De la radicalisation levinassienne aux perspectives jonassienne et arendtienne, inaugure est une ligne de recherche qui vise le réexamen de l’éthique de responsabilité pour autrui, au bénéfice d’une intelligence renouvelée des prérogatives reconnues à la personne humaine en raison de sa dignité. Son ambition vise résolument à rendre plausible l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’approche levinassienne des Droits de l’Homme, examinée sous le prisme de la responsabilité pour autrui permet de renforcer la connaissance, le respect, la consolidation et la promotion de ces droits. Mais, elle pose aussi la nécessité d’un cadre politique, car pour E. Levinas, le combat des Droits de l’Homme est finalement la seule tâche concrète assignée à la philosophie en son second mouvement :être la mauvaise conscience du politique, l’écharde dans la chair de ses institutions. Vigilance constante d’une philosophie qui doit toujours rappeler à l’État qu’il n’est que dérivé de la socialité éthique, qui doit sans cesse critiquer et justifier ses lois pour trouver, sous leur nécessaire formalisme, la signification ultime, l’un-pour-l’autre de la responsabilité. Cette ligne de recherche considère également que l’effectivité des Droits de l’Homme ne tient pas en la nature contraignante de leur énoncé ou à leur origine divine ou naturelle, mais plutôt dans et par le cadre politique qui a vocation à les mettre en œuvre. Il y a ici nécessité d’actes nouveaux de pensée qui prennent à bras le corps les questions fondamentales d’élargissement et d’approfondissement du sens de notre responsabilité et de notre engagement par rapport à l’autre. Face au déclin de la raison totalisante, grande protagoniste des temps modernes, dans l’expérience des fruits de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « la dialectique des Lumières », le point commun de tous ceux qui vivent l’aventure de la pensée est la crise de l’identité, l’épreuve de la différence. L’inquiétude que nous éprouvons tous indistinctement nous semble celle de l’altérité. En effet, si le "je," le monde de l’identité tant du côté subjectif que du côté absolu, est vecteur de la modernité, la question de la postmodernité insurgée et inquiète est l’autre, dont il faut promouvoir la dignité, radicaliser la nature non-fixée, raisonnable et autonome en respectant et en protégeant ses droits. E. Levinas l’a compris et assumé en participant au labeur de transformation de la question métaphysique en question éthique, en passant de la question de l’être à celle de l’autre, et en reconnaissant dans la splendeur du visage d’autrui la dénonciation sans équivoque de la subjectivité hyperbolique. C’est chose importante et fondamentale, surtout en Afrique, que de nous reconduire constamment, par sa philosophie, au jaillissement de ce commencement, à savoir la responsabilité pour autrui, constitutive du sujet. Par ailleurs, en dépit de la différence de perspectives et de la variation d’harmoniques, nous avons choisi d’approfondir la notion de responsabilité en prenant aussi appui sur deux autres coryphées de la philosophie contemporaine. D’abord, sur Hans Jonas qui pense la responsabilité morale, qu’il nomme naturelle, à partir de l’idée de la valeur intrinsèque des êtres vivants et à partir de l’exemple du nourrisson :voir un nourrisson, c’est percevoir la nécessité d’en prendre soin. L’obligation morale s’impose là aussi de manière asymétrique, puisqu’elle ne peut s’inscrire sous le registre de la réciprocité. Que l’exigence éthique ne requiert pas, ainsi que le préconise E. Levinas, de rompre avec l’ontologie mais avec l’obsession appropriante du même ;que la responsabilité demeure, certes, verticale, mais repose sur la liberté du sujet, parce que le sujet est libre, parce qu’il peut nuire et qu’il a le choix, qu’il est responsable des conséquences de son agir au plan collectif, voilà qui donne à saisir les nouvelles dimensions de notre liberté.Ensuite, et ce, non sans penser à la dimension politique comme espace de garantie d’effectivité, de promotion et de protection des Droits de l’Homme, que Hannah Arendt est ici convoquée au débat, sous le prétexte éclairant de sa formule à la fois énigmatique et emblématique du « droit d’avoir des droits ». Mettant en avant l’espace politique comme lieu d’expression de la pluralité, de la concertation, et de la reconnaissance publique des différences individuelles, elle insiste sur l’importance de la pensée et du jugement dans la recherche des normes morales. En effet, si la compréhension du pouvoir qu’elle nous propose est profondément originale, ses écrits jettent une vive lumière sur les phénomènes de la violence, et constituent une contribution précieuse pour tous ceux qui ne prennent pas leur parti des violences de nos sociétés, et s’efforcent d’œuvrer à un traitement négocié, concerté, non-violent, des conflits inhérents à toute vie sociale et politique. Refuser de définir le pouvoir comme domination de l’homme sur l’homme et refuser de voir dans la violence la manifestation la plus évidente du pouvoir :voilà une pensée originale, qui ouvre sur la responsabilité pour le monde et n’a pu manquer d’intérêt pour notre questionnement. A sa suite et avec tant d’autres philosophes, la thèse s’interroge sur la voie d’une politique qui fasse des Droits de l’Homme, non l’objet d’un rêve à caresser, mais celui des réalités effectives et discernables dans l’expérience existentielle des peuples. Deux perspectives concrétisent l’ambition et engagement de cette étude: la première postule un environnement de qualité en analysant la très actuelle interrogation écologique et l’exigence de repenser notre responsabilité et de normer notre agir par rapport à la nature et au vivant, tandis que la seconde se rapporte à la vexata quaestio des droits de l’enfant à travers l’examen de la dramaturgie des « enfants des rues » à Kinshasa, en RDCongo.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Saraya, Aliaa. "Les organisations des droits de l'homme en Egypte : analyse d'un engagement pour la défense d'une cause." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0014.
Full textVulpillières, Camille de. "Les portes de la loi : souveraineté, droits de l'homme, hospitalité : quel(s) droit(s) pour les étrangers ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100137/2019PA100137.pdf.
Full textThis work aims at analysing how contemporary French and European migration law struggles to truly guarantee subjective rights to foreigners. This difficulty is reflected both in the legal dispositions themselves, through a restrictive legal regime, and in administrative practices, through their recurrent challenge to rights that are officially recognized. We assert that this phenomenon, by which migration law contradicts the norms of contemporary liberal democracies and the rule of law, is due the balancing between State sovereignty and individual rights of foreigners: preserving one therefore necessarily means weakening the other. In the first part, we conduct an empirical study of the texts and practices of migration law to show that it is structurally unbalanced in favour of State sovereignty. The second part intends to propose a way out of this antinomy to truly coordinate state sovereignty and the individual rights of foreigners, in the form of a principle of hospitality. We try to show that this principle derives from the implications of the modern notion of law and its claimed function of pacifying interactions. Our PhD thesis therefore engages in a dialogue between a diagnosis of the dysfunctions of an empirical field of law and a critical and normative approach based on the immanent logic of social practices
Solans, Fani. "Le salariat et les droits de l'homme : réflexion sur l'évolution du statut juridique du travail pour autrui." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0516.
Full textFrom antic slavery to contemporary labour relations, the evolution of the status of the labour for somebody else, is not distinct from a merchandisation trend which, moving from man to labour force, transforms the social space, in a scene where are expresser the social forces. The place of the human rights on this scene can be seen as an evidence, because they recognise the humanity of each individu, rejecting the view that make them objects of market. But, this social construction which is the wage earning class, can be destructed by universal rights able to create a set of rules a minima. The safeguard of the wage earning class must go through the reinforcement of the collective social rights, guarantee of the democracy
Naquet, Emmanuel. "La Ligue des droits de l'homme : une association en politique (1898-1940)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9kd50o6i33.
Full textThe Ligue des Droits de l'Homme (LDH) — the Human Rigths League — was born from the Dreyfus affair. This association, supervised by intellectuals and politicians, was created in a period of crisis of the Republican State at the turn of the century and goes beyond the defence of captain Alfred Dreyfus. Although it is often considered as a group of intellectuals, the LDH is mostly a movemen both plural and dynamicalt. It is a political recourse against administrative and legal institutions and a place for reflexion about law so that it becomes a pressure group as well as a means for assistance. There is no predetermined content in its project, the LDH tries to apply eternal principles. Several times, it was involved in politics several times, however it mainly tries to get into politist. It tends to reform Justice by thinking about Human Rights and Law, but also contributes to renew the Republic by thinking about democracy. Since its beginning when it gathered the parties of the Left that were originally non Communist, this organization has established itself in the French political life, particulary during the Front populaire and therefore belongs to a political culture and delivers a discourse that transcends a purely ethic position. Actively promoting the protection of all kinds of freedom and equalities, this mixed movement belongs to the republicain model conveyed by the Third Republic in France
Bada, Céline. "L'ouverture aux droits humains des institutions financières internationales." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUED004.
Full textDuring the last decade ot the 20th century, international financial institutions changed their position about human rights considerations. Before, these institutions invoked their articles of agreement that prohibit political activities to bail out of their obligation toward international human right law. The first position of Bretton Wood institutions and its evolution, denote an ideological choice : to ensure supremacy pf marled rules. Maling a priority pf fighting poverty, these institutions have seemed to give up this restrictive lecture of their legal framework to include human rights law in thier mission. However this position reveals an instrumental approach of part of Bretton Woods institutions. Indeed the authority of the international law of human rights is not recognized by the international financial institutions, but the content of these rights is instrumented to guarantee the superiority of the Articles of agreements ruling these institutions. Actuallu, the consubstantial universal reach of human rights is denied by the regulatory framework of the Bnk and the Fund, which operate, according to their Articles of agreement, a selection and a lecture of the content of the rights which will be taken into account by the institution
Lavorel, Sabine. "Des manifestations du pluralisme juridique en France : l'émergence d'un droit français des minorités nationales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067065.
Full textDoire, Vincent. "Le rapport de force normatif entre sécurité et droits de l'homme : une étude constructiviste de la politique étrangère américaine de droits humains pour la période 1941-1960." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26249/26249.pdf.
Full textLichardos, Gaëlle. "La vulnérabilité en droit public : pour l'abandon de la catégorisation." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10064.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Weymann, Céline. "Le droit à l'alimentation : un outil efficace pour le développement économique pour les pays du Sud." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS004S.
Full textThe right to food is a human right conceived by the NGOs in order to fight hunger and malnutrition. At the present time, about 800 million persons in the world live in food insecurity. The right to food, on a micro-economic level, increases individual freedom, instrumental or substantial. It economic effectiveness has impacts on improvement of economic progress and development. On meso-economic level, this right is implemented on national territory and means that Governments must not take actions that result in increasing levels of hunger, must protect people from the actions of others that might violate the right to food and, to the maximum of available resources, have to invest in eradicating hunger. When agrarian reforms are chosen to decrease insecurity food, the economic effectiveness of this right have impact on limitation of inflation, increase of employment and an improvement of growth. At macroeconomic level, the right to food is analyzed from the point of view of the actors of its implementation, in perspective of globalization of economies and markets. The private actors, firms or ONGs, are the most efficient for increasing technical transfers, productiveness and competitiveness. This document presents an enlarged synthesis of right to food and proposes a theoretical framework to identify characteristics of right to food's economic effectiveness
Grannec, Christophe. "Histoire de l'action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture (ACAT), 1974-1990. . . : de l'opposition à la torture à la défense des droits de l'homme." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE5009.
Full textAt the end of the 1973 year, the organization amnesty international announced a world campaign for abolition of torture. The action of Christians for abolition of torture was born on the 1974 year. It was established by French Protestants but Catholics and Orthodox joined it very quickly. The aims of ACAT is action, information and prayer for abolition of torture. 15 years after its birth, ACAT had 15 000 members and 500 groups in France. A big meeting occured on the 1988 year for birthday of Universal declaration of human rights. An international federation of ACAT (fiacat) was born on the 1987 year: it is recognized by UNO and the council of Europe. The first years, action of Christians for abolition of torture fought against torture. Nomades, ACAT fights for human rights more widely
Tonye, Jeanne de Chantal. "L’OUA et la protection des droits de l’homme." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF10001.
Full textCaceres, Frasquiel Gabrielle. "Quand la religion questionne la généralité de la norme. Quelle place pour l’« accommodement raisonnable » en Europe ?Étude de cas – Angleterre, France, Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221037.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Angrisani, Roberto. "L'action de la Cour de Justice de l'Union européenne pour la protection des droits fondamentaux face à la répression des migrations irrégulières." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67910.
Full textL'étude défend la thèse selon laquelle la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, avec son action interprétative, joue un rôle majeur dans la définition du niveau de protection des droits fondamentaux des migrants en condition irrégulière dans l'UE. Les compétences limitées de l'UE en matière migratoire, partagées avec les États membres (article 4, § 2, lettre j TFUE ), n'ont pas empêché la Cour de justice d'affirmer des principes généraux de droit qui ont marqué l'évolution de l'activité législative européenne, au point de contrecarrer l'action répressive mise en exergue par les États membres et parfois par l'UE elle-même. Néanmoins, l'interprétation faite par la CJUE du droit primaire et dérivé à la lumière de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'UE rencontre des limites majeures lorsqu'elle vise le contentieux pénal et administratif portant sur l'immigration irrégulière. La première partie de l'étude est consacrée aux limites de l'action interprétative de la CJUE. La dimension territoriale étant le fil conducteur de la recherche, l'analyse montrera d'abord les obstacles qui s'opposent à une action efficace des juges de Luxembourg face à la répression « avant l’entrée » et « à la sortie » des migrants. En effet, tant les accords pris par l'UE ou par ses États membres avec des pays tiers pour empêcher les départs, que les accords de réadmission visant les retours des migrants en condition irrégulière vers leur pays d'origine ou vers des pays de transit se placent souvent à l'extérieur des compétences de la CJUE. La deuxième partie se concentre sur les pratiques de répression des migrations irrégulières sur le territoire de l'UE. L'importance du mécanisme du renvoi préjudiciel (article 267 TFUE) sera mise en exergue à partir du contentieux pénal sur la criminalisation des migrations et le contentieux administratif sur la répression du même phénomène. Si l'efficacité de l'action de la CJUE manifeste son ampleur dans la dimension interne de la répression des migrations, l'analyse de sa jurisprudence touchant la dimension externe de la répression permet de montrer le besoin d'harmonisation dont la politique migratoire de l'UE a besoin aujourd’hui.
This research argues that the European Court of Justice, with its interpretative action, plays a major role in defining fundamental rights for irregular migrants in the EU. The limited competences of the EU in migration matters, shared with the Member States (Article 4(2)(j) TFEU), have not prevented the Court of Justice from affirming general principles of law that have marked the development of European legislative activity, to the point of thwarting the law enforcement action highlighted by the Member States and sometimes by the EU itself. Nevertheless, the interpretation made by the CJEU of primary and secondary law in the light of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights encounters major limitations when it comes to criminal and administrative litigation on illegal immigration. The first part of the study is dedicated to the limits of the interpretative action of the CJEU. As the territorial dimension is the central thread of the research, the analysis of case law shows the obstacles to effective action by Luxembourg judges in the face of repression "before entry" and "on exit" of migrants. Indeed, both the agreements taken by the EU or by its Member States with third countries to prevent departures, and the readmission agreements aimed at the return of migrants in an irregular condition to their country of origin or to transit countries are often outside the competence of the CJEU. The second part focuses on the practices of repression of irregular migration on the territory of the EU. The importance of the preliminary ruling mechanism (Article 267 TFEU) will be highlighted from the criminal litigation on the criminalisation of migration and the administrative litigation on the repression of the same phenomenon. While the effectiveness of the action of the CJEU is obvious in the internal dimension of the repression of migration, the analysis of its case law on the external dimension of repression shows the need for harmonisation that EU migration policy needs today.
Dannenberg, Gesa. "Protection internationale des droits de l'homme et responsabilité de l'Etat devant la Cour internationale de justice." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020040.
Full textThe increasing number of human rights based claims before the International Court of Justice raises the question of their implementation in the framework of generalist and interstate litigation. The procedure of the Court has been thought and conceived for the defense of subjective interests of States. Therefore, the Court seems unable to take into account the complex legal relationships in which lies State responsibility for “internationally guaranteed human rights” violations and its scope, limited to bilateral responsibility amongst State parties. But, instead of conceiving the legal connections in dispute as to the only State parties or as external to the individual, the Court endorses a correlation approach. Tripartite relations emerge between the State perpetrator of the human rights violation, other States which are equally creditor and bearer of the obligations infringed and the individual who holds the rights. However although the Court is ready to clarify or even conceptualize the legal relationships involved, it does not distort its traditional judicial function. While the individual is taken into account in the incurrence of State responsibility it is nevertheless marginalized in its implementation, which continues to be centered on the State and defined by public international law. This particular conception of State responsibility for human rights violations underlines that it cannot be reduced to the relation between the individual and the State, for which other selfless States would stand guarantor as the most, but that it also and directly determines interstate relations
Agrikoliansky, Éric. "La Ligue des droits de l'homme, 1947-1990 : pérennisation et transformations d'une entreprise de défense des causes civiques." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0002.
Full textCarpentier, Franck. "Le public face à sa justice : Éléments pour une réflexion sur les mutations de la démocratie à partir de l’étude d’une garantie procédurale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS098.
Full textThe principle of publicity is presented, in particular by conventional law, as contributingto founding the existence of a "democratic society". The purpose of our study is to question therange of this procedural guarantee at the time of the generalization of the principle of transparencyin order to determine to what extent it can help us to regard democracy at the national level
Proust, Jonathan. "L'arbitrage CIRDI face aux droit de l'homme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010318.
Full textSolving litigations relative to transnational investments contracts often widely slips out of the state jurisdictions and to the benefit of investment arbitration. In this respect, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) turns out to be an arbitration institution offering neutral dispute¬ solving mechanisms. Nevertheless, this institution seems to be facing recently a legitimacy crisis. The ICSID is confronted to accusations of lack of neutrality by a segment of the hosting states, in regards to its tendency to further protect the rights of foreign investors instead of the Human Rights. The Centre is under such pressure that it has been aiming at reforming its processes and structure so as to introduce new values, which were until now outbound the investment arbitration circle. Yet, despite efforts to find a new balance and despite greater consideration for the Human Rights on behalf of the ICSID, several states keep threatening to leave the Centre. What are the current tools at the disposal of the arbitrator in order to promote the Human Rights while being on the other hand tied to the parties' nomination and to the "electio juris" clause? After noting that the process of rebalancing implemented by the Centre's arbitrator remains dissatisfactory, this thesis aims at studying and offering judicial mechanisms which would allow the arbitrator to enshrine a true liability of the transnational company. Such an evolution could actually happen through the account being taken of the - poorly so called - "soft law" which has yet to offer an adequate answer to the lack of binding normative framework & of responsibility from the transnational companies
Mouthon, Elodie. "La lutte contre l'immigration irrégulière et le droit international : quelle légalité pour l'externalisation des contrôles migratoires ?" Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GREND018.
Full textTraditionnally regarded as lands of immigration, the United States, Australia and the European Union have gradually closed their borders and are adopting similar policies in the fight against irregular immigration. These three major centers of immigration are trying to find solutions to secure their borders in order to prevent the entry of irregular migrants. In this context, the externalization of migration controls appears to be a relevant complementary method to fight against irregular immigration. The migration controls will no longer take place at national borders but they will be relocated to the territory of a third country or to an area of legal vacuum as the high seas. The countries of emigration and immigration shall cooperate and use the instruments of international law in order to carry out this goal. The complexity of the migration phenomenon and the lack of influence of international law on this field will make this issue particularly tricky. The compatibility of the actions led by the United States, Australia and the European Union will be assessed regarding conventions, customary law and jurisprudence, legal black holes will be revealed and some improvements will be suggested
Seroussi, Julien. "Les tribunaux de l’humanité : les ajustements cognitifs dans la mobilisation pour la compétence universelle des juges nationaux." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040219.
Full textUniversal jurisdiction is an international law device that enables national judges to prosecute crimes concerning foreigners committed in a foreign country. The most famous case is Pinochet’s arrest in London in 1998 at the request of a Spanish judge for crimes committed in Chile. Therefore, studying universal jurisdictions allows us to decipher the political and legal implementation of cosmopolitanism. We use this concept to coin the moral stand expressing sympathy beyond national borders with every human being. Thus, my work suggest that one can understand the issues raised by the shaping of a cosmopolitan international order through the analysis of the struggles between politicians, law professors and human rights advocates to frame universal jurisdiction. Following the Pinochet case in Britain in 1998, the Habré case in Senegal in 2001 and the Sharon case in Belgium in 2003, I show that the hindrances encountered by this law device rest on the political and legal disagreements between its own supporters. In this respect, the implosion of the mobilization for universal jurisdiction gives an account of the tension between the different rationales of a cosmopolitan justice
Seifeddine, Mahmoud. "De la juridiction compétence pour protéger les libertés et droits fondamentaux face à l'administration en droit libanais : (les compétences respectives des juridictions, judiciaire et administrative)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010300.
Full textFourteau, Henri. "L'application de l'article 3 de la convention européenne des droits de l'homme dans le droit interne des Etats membres." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EVRYA001.
Full textThis thesis has for objective the verification of whether the member states of the echr are applying effectively the prohibition of torture and degrading and inhuman treatment as established by the article 3 ECHR. The analysis of the national laws of member states reveals that the putting into practice of this disposition has a contradictory aspect. If the enforcement application of article 3 has proven to be of limited impact, the European states have begun to develop a preventive application, which has proven to be more effective. The first part shows the recognition that despite of its universal character and the acknowledgement of the supreme value of the article 3 by all of the member states, its effect on administrative practice and national jurisprudence remains limited. The second part demonstrates that the European states are adjusting their domestic legal systems in accordance with the preventive European dispositions by reorienting the existent procedural guarantees toward the reinforcing of the rights and the protection of the individual, and in developing extra-procedural out of court measures designed to prevent attacks on human dignity
Girard, Charlotte. "Des droits fondamentaux au fondement du droit : réflexions sur les discours théoriques relatifs au fondement du droit." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010329.
Full textSilva, Da Anunciacao Clodoaldo. "Regard transdisciplinaire sur le phénomène migratoire au Brésil et en France : prémisses pour un système normatif légitimé par l'altérité et les droits de l'homme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D044.
Full textIn a post-modem, multicultural, ambivalent and contingent environment, it is questioned in this study how to establish premises for a normative model to international migration, focusing on otherness and Human Rights; a model which can bring benefits to the countries of origin, destination and, especially for the migrant? lt was used a bibliographie and qualitative approach based on phenomenological and subject henneneutics to investigate the migration as a global complex and a transdisciplinary phenomenon. This research debates cultures, identities, diversity, otherness, and Human Rights to update concepts and institutions that capture the breadth and depth of human mobility spectrum in its potential. The aim is to identify premises for a legitimate normativity in a transcivilizational perspective based on human dignity, ethics of the species and Human Rights which regulates the global migration and provides benefits to the parties. A comparison between France and Brazil as representatives of the global North and South is made to demonstrate that the migration management, despite the predominance of humanized speech, state and social practices do not match the rhetoric disseminated. Results shows premises philosophical, economic, sociological, politic and legal that identify a legitimate regulation that effectively includes the migrant as a human persan at the center of discussions and decisions as addressed and author in the sense of belonging of immigration policies
Basty, Florence. "Invention et diffusion de la sécurité humaine : les entrepreneurs de normes entre contraintes et actions." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0017.
Full textIn 1994 the UNDP first defines the concept of Human Security in its "Annual Report on Human Development". This concept is thought to question the traditional and restrictive conceptions of security. According to these conceptions security is defined in strictly political and military terms and founded upon the idea of a "balance of power". The report is the result of a "cultural clash" spawned by the realisation that it is necessary to think beyond the homonym peace/disarmament. The individual is just as exposed to the risk of a nuclear power plant disaster, an epidemic or of starvation as to the threat of an interstate conflagration. The report of the UNDP tries to draw the consequences of this perspective by redefining security following seven dimensions : economic, sanitary, environmental, individual, collective and political. From the analytical point of view, the broad notion of Human Security goes further than the concept of "sustainable development". It is also not to be assimilated withe the notion of "good governance that underestimates the importance of development and sticks to a logic of domination of the Northern hemisphere on the Southern one. Such a conceptual innovation begs the question of why it has emerged at a certain moment as a new topic in international relations. What are the origins of the notion and what are the important milestones of its developement ? How has this concept been diffused ? The role of Middle Power and the UN is essential because they made it public and use it as a useful theoretical and practical concept. With NGOs, EU and Human Security Network they propose an inovative and stimulating norms framework for international security
Rizzo, Anthony. "La confiscation et le gel préventif d’avoirs terroristes :quelle place pour les droits fondamentaux dans la lutte contre le crime et le terrorisme ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315734/3/table.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Grannec, Christophe. "Histoire de l'Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture (ACAT), 1974-1990... de l'opposition à la torture à la défense des droits de l'homme /." Lille : A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III, 1996. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33105.
Full textBréhaux, Karine. "Quelle place pour les droits individuels et les libertés publiques ? : les débats de l'avortement et de l'euthanasie en France et en Belgique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0007.
Full textThe controversy around the right to die illustrates the impossibility for political liberalism to put aside the moral and religious convictions of people. This is contrary to the issue of abortion, where the political values of tolerance and the equal rights of women as citizens constitute a sufficient base to conclude that women are free to chose for themselves if they wish to have an abortion or not. The configuration of the social movements differs during the French and Belgian debates about euthanasia. The claims in favor of the right to die in dignity concern a category of the population : patients at the end of life. Does the majority always win over the minority ? In front of social crisis, French and Belgian political solutions organized in favour or not the recognition of the right to die, feed on several political currents and fit into varied public political cultures
Mansuy, Isabelle. "La protection des droits des détenus en France et en Allemagne." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010279.
Full textRenard, Stéphanie. "L'ordre public sanitaire (étude de droit public interne)." Rennes 1, 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01525379.
Full textIn France, public sanitary order is one of the essential sovereign missions of the state. Because it is an indispensable condition of law and order and social prosperity, the protection of public health plays a key role in securing and preserving society's fundamental interests, which underpin the legitimacy of state authority. Public sanitary order is also subject to a very specific regime of legal requirements. Because it embodies a legal standard, it can coerce individual citizens, whose liberties it curtails, as well as the administration, which has an obligation to exercise its sovereign prerogatives. However, because it is in severe competition with the provision of health care, public sanitary order has been relegated to a position of secondary importance among the state's concerns, and this is reflected in the fragmentation of its legal rules and powers and the dispersal of administrations charged with enforcing them. This state of affairs was directly responsible for the serious failure of public health symbolised by the 'contaminated blood' scandal. On the other hand, it was the spreading awareness of the notion of health security that made possible the successful revival of public sanitary order from the early 1990s. Health security has also transformed the meaning and scope of this notion by putting the security of individuals at the centre of state initiatives. As a result, we are today witnessing a veritable renaissance of public sanitary order. An essential guarantee of human dignity, the protection of public health is now firmly linked to the fundamental human rights of each individual and amounts, so far as the authorities are concerned, to a positive obligation, reaffirmed as a top standard requirement. There ensues for the state an ever-greater duty to forestall risks to public health. We notice simultaneously that increased attention is now being given to health by public law, which points to the emergence of a father-state
Henry, Caroline. "Médecine créative et globalisation : nouveaux enjeux et nouvelles polémiques pour le droit international privé." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010304.
Full textViennet, Carole. "Des droits sociaux pour l'intégration des réfugiés en Europe : les droits à la santé, au logement, à l’éducation et au travail des personnes ayant besoin d’une protection internationale, dans les Droits de l’homme et le Droit des réfugiés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA022/document.
Full textThe integration of refugees includes providing access to healthcare and housing, schooling, vocational training and entry into the labour market. In short, it is about guaranteeing their social rights. Examining these issues, this thesis paves the way for the protection of rights to health, housing, education and work of every category of person in need of international protection. The main human rights and refugee norms adopted under the respective frameworks of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union are, for the very first time in this field, challenged, read in conjunction and put in to perspective in light of forthcoming reforms. The results are, in particular, a mapping of the various guarantees available according to one’s migration status and personal circumstances, the definitions of general determinative criteria which emerge from a comparison of respective systems, as well as innovative legal arguments
Kapsali, Vassiliki. "Les droits des administrés dans la procédure administrative non contentieuse : étude comparée des droits français et grec." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020003.
Full textReflection of the individuals’ relation to state power, law in the field of administrative procedures has significantly evolved during the last four decades in France and in Greece.This evolution, associated in both countries with political and normative projects aspiring to administrative reform, has largely alimented doctrinal debate on the establishment of an“administrative democracy”. However, the evolution of rules governing in particular individual decision making is also a response to a classic and fundamental legal problem, namely the protection of individuals against unilateral administrative intervention in the sphere of their substantive rights and liberties. The legal status of individuals during the elaboration of individual acts deserves therefore to be explored in view of the function accomplished by procedural rights -such as the right to hearing and to reason giving- in administrative procedures of such type. In fact, the contribution of procedural rights in the protection of substantive rights concerned by the individual decision making process turns out to be crucial for the treatment of procedural rights under French and Greek administrative law. More specifically, the quality of procedural rights as instruments of individual protection allows to coherently understand the evolution of their sources and scope as well as various aspects of judicial handling of their eventual violation by administrative bodies
Onanga, Ndjila Blanchard. "Barack Obama et les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques : héritages, tensions, adaptations (2004-2010)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990183.
Full textLattouf, Ziad. "La mise en oeuvre de l'accord d'association en Algérie - Union européenne dans les perspectives du respect des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30002.
Full textThe Algerian-European association, signed on 19 December 2001 in Brussels and enforced on 1 September 2005, represents a partnership in terms of human rights. Sett off by the Barcelona Declaration of 27 & 28 November 1995, it nowadays serves as the best model for a genuine implementation of human rights in the field of assocation agreements. Inspired by Euro-Mediterranean policy whose objective is the promotion as well as protection of human rights, as stated in the universal declaration of human rights, it affects the parties, domestic and international policies and represents and essential element in the implementation of the Algerian-European association agreement. Is there a genuine implementation of the Algerian-European association agreement in the perspective of the respect of human rights? And what are the means used for that propose?
Plouffe-Malette, Kristine. "Moralité publique : pour une interprétation renouvelée de l'exception commerciale à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce par la jurisprudence des droits de la personne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33910.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019
Publications obscènes ou blasphématoires, relations et mariages homosexuels, communication sur l’avortement, lancer de nains, conversion sexuelle, inceste, don d’embryon ou de gamète, pornographie, chasse aux gros mammifères, interdiction de manifestation pour la fierté gaie, jeux en ligne, publications et produits audiovisuels, chasse aux phoques, lutte au blanchiment d’argent, qualification halal de produits horticoles : tous ces thèmes ont en commun d’avoir fait l’objet d’une mesure nationale dite de moralité publique, contestée auprès de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, du Comité des droits de l’homme ou de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Contrevenant aux dispositions de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, du Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) ou de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), ces mesures ont été défendues par l’invocation de la nécessité de protéger la moralité publique. Fortes de plusieurs décennies d’expériences, les instances de droit international des droits de la personne ont développé une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique qui tend à respecter la nature et la portée de la norme morale défendue par l’État. Inversement, les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC sont nouvellement confrontés à cette exception, de plus en plus soulevée pour justifier une entrave au commerce international. Leurs interprétations évoluent, mais plusieurs lacunes persistent... Mots-clés : moralité publique, préoccupation citoyenne, droit de la personne, droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, restriction, ingérence, exception commerciale, marge nationale d’appréciation, nécessité, proportionnalité, consensus, discrimination, Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (DUDH), Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP), Comité des droits de l’homme, Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales (CEDH), Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), organe de règlement des différends.
Publications obscènes ou blasphématoires, relations et mariages homosexuels, communication sur l’avortement, lancer de nains, conversion sexuelle, inceste, don d’embryon ou de gamète, pornographie, chasse aux gros mammifères, interdiction de manifestation pour la fierté gaie, jeux en ligne, publications et produits audiovisuels, chasse aux phoques, lutte au blanchiment d’argent, qualification halal de produits horticoles : tous ces thèmes ont en commun d’avoir fait l’objet d’une mesure nationale dite de moralité publique, contestée auprès de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, du Comité des droits de l’homme ou de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Contrevenant aux dispositions de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, du Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) ou de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), ces mesures ont été défendues par l’invocation de la nécessité de protéger la moralité publique. Fortes de plusieurs décennies d’expériences, les instances de droit international des droits de la personne ont développé une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique qui tend à respecter la nature et la portée de la norme morale défendue par l’État. Inversement, les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC sont nouvellement confrontés à cette exception, de plus en plus soulevée pour justifier une entrave au commerce international. Leurs interprétations évoluent, mais plusieurs lacunes persistent. Pour aborder cette problématique, la thèse se présente sous trois parties. La première partie est consacrée à l’expérience du système international de promotion et de protection des droits de la personne dans le traitement d’une ingérence de moralité publique. Cette analyse permet d’abord de statuer sur la nature régalienne, sociale et évolutive de la norme morale. Elle fait ensuite ressortir le mode opératoire de la Cour européenne et du Comité des droits de l’homme lorsqu’ils tentent de concilier la protection des droits et libertés et les exigences morales d’une société. Ainsi, comme toute ingérence, elle doit être prévue par la loi, s’inscrire dans un but de protection de moralité publique et être nécessaire. Plus précisément, si les juges internationaux ont fait preuve d’une grande retenue le moment venu d’étudier la norme morale, adoptant ici une approche unilatérale de la moralité publique, ceux-ci contrôle l’ingérence quant à sa qualité ociale, sa cohérence interne, aux principes de l’universalité des droits de la personne et la nondiscrimination, et quant à sa nécessité, traduite par la recherche d’un besoin social impérieux ou une nécessité sociale proportionnelle. Finalement, la marge de manoeuvre des États est modulée en fonction de la détermination d’un consensus. En définitive, à travers cette analyse, il se dessine une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique. La seconde partie permet d’examiner l’interaction entre le droit de l’OMC et les mesures contestées de moralité publique. Si, conformément aux dispositions du GATT et de l’AGCS, il est possible de faire valoir une mesure de moralité publique, laquelle est de même nature que l’ingérence en matière de droit de la personne, il est démontré que la validité d’une telle mesure peut rencontrer d’importantes difficultés. Si toutes les mesures contestées ont été reconnues de l’ordre de la morale par les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC, aucune n’a totalement été justifiée. Ainsi, à la suite de l’étude des rapports des groupes spéciaux et de l’Organe d’appel, des lacunes ont été soulevées notamment quant à l’identification des préoccupations qui émanent de la société du Membre qui défend sa morale, à la possibilité d’adopter des préoccupations contradictoires ou des exceptions aux objectifs divergents, aux moyens de preuve pertinents, au lien qui s’opère entre les préoccupations citoyennes et la norme morale, au rôle de l’opinion publique, à la place qu’occupe l’argument du consensus, à l’analyse de la nécessité et à l’application d’une mesure de moralité publique. À la troisième partie, il est suggéré de prendre en compte les enseignements, et non les conclusions, de la jurisprudence des droits de la personne pour tenter de résoudre certaines lacunes identifiées dans la mise en oeuvre du droit de l’OMC, dans le respect du mandat de l’organisation, du mode de fonctionnement du processus de règlement des différends ainsi que du mécanisme de l’exception commerciale. Des propositions concrètes sont formulées. L’adoption d’une approche unilatérale de la préoccupation sociale, de la norme morale et du choix du moyen pour parvenir à la protection souhaitée, ainsi qu’une approche consensuelle et un retour à l’examen de la bonne foi des Membres, sont principalement suggérées le moment venu d’étudier une mesure commerciale de moralité publique. En définitive, la conciliation des règles commerciales et des demandes formulées par les citoyens, véhiculées par les normes morales, pourrait être satisfaite à l’aide du mécanisme de l’exception commerciale de moralité publique. Mots-clés : moralité publique, préoccupation citoyenne, droit de la personne, droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, restriction, ingérence, exception commerciale, marge nationale d’appréciation, nécessité, proportionnalité, consensus, discrimination, Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (DUDH), Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP), Comité des droits de l’homme, Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales (CEDH), Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), organe de règlement des différends.
Obscene or blasphemous publications, gay relations and marriages, abortion communication, dwarf throwing, sexual conversion, incest, embryo or gamete donation, pornography, large mammal hunting, ban on gay pride manifestations, online gambling, publications and audiovisual products, seal hunting, money laundering, halal qualification of horticultural products: all of these themes have in common that they have been the subject of a national public morality measure disputed in front of the European Court of Human Rights, the Human Rights Committee or the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body. Infringing the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or the Agreement General on Trade in Services (GATS) provisions, these measures have been defended by the invocation of the need to protect public morality. With decades of experience, international human rights law institutions have developed a method that aims at analyzing public morality interference that tends to respect the moral standard nature and scope espoused by the State. Conversely, the WTO quasi-judicial bodies are newly confronted with this exception, which is increasingly raised to justify an obstacle to international trade. Their interpretations are changing, but several shortcomings persist. In order to address this problem, the thesis is presented in three parts. Part 1 is devoted to the international system for the promotion and protection of human rights experience in the treatment of public morals interference. First, this analysis makes it possible to state on the regal, social and evolutionary nature of the moral norm. It then highlights the working methods of the European Court and the Human Rights Committee when trying to reconcile the protection of the rights and freedoms and the society moral requirements. Thus, like any interference, it must be provided for by law, must be adopted for the protection of public morals and be necessary. More precisely, if the international “judges” have exercised great restraint when studying a moral norm, adopting a unilateral approach to public morality, they control the interference with its social quality, its internal coherence, the universality of human rights and non-discrimination principles, and its necessity, translated by the search for a proportionate pressing social need. Finally, the State's margin of appreciation is modulated according to the determination of a consensus. Ultimately, an analysis method of public morality interference is developed... Key words: public morality, public concerns, human rights law, World Trade Organization law, limitation, interference, commercial exception, margin of appreciation, necessity, proportionnality, consensus, discrimination, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (UDHR), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Human Rights Committee, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (CEDH), European Court of Human Rights, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), Dispute Settlement Body.
Zarigan, Alhussen. "Le cadre juridique de l’intervention militaire pour la protection internationale des civils face aux violations graves des droits de l’homme par leur état : (approche critique)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100046.
Full textSerious violations of the Human Rights of the civilians are not consistent as internal affairs of countries. Yet, regarding any unlawful policy behavior, the international community can intervene. This is often called “ the right interference “. The latter has recently been developed into the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) concept (2001) as“responsibility to protect”. Considering military interventions as a humanitarian action without any conspiracy and colonial interests theory, we may confirm the needs for an effective means for protecting the civilians against serious violations of human rights. On the other hand, we can confirm that not all military interventions aimed at protecting civilians by the United Nations are legal or legitimate. Consequently, for legal and legitimate intervention, it respects binding foundations and norms
لم تعد مسألة الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان للمدنيين، التي ترتكبها دولهم من المسائل الداخلية للدول. إذ أنه يمكن للمجتمع الدولي التدخل عسكرياً إذا كانت هناك انتهاكات جسيمة لحقوق الإنسان، وهذا ما يسمى "حق التدخل". وقد تطور هذا الأخير إلى مفهوم جديد تم تقديمه في تقرير اللجنة الدولية المعنية بالتدخل وسيادة الدول، تحت مسمى "مسؤولية الحماية. (2001) والواقع أنه إذا نظرنا إلى التدخل العسكري من الجانب الإنساني البحت ، بعيداً عن نظرية المؤامرة والمصالح الاستعمارية، فإننا نؤكد ضرورة القيام به كوسيلة فعالة لحماية المدنيين من الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان. ومن ناحية أخرى، نؤكد أن جميع التدخلات العسكرية التي تهدف إلى حماية المدنيين من قبل الأمم المتحدة ليست شرعية ومشروعة. من أجل ذلك، ولكي يكون التدخل شرعياً ومشروعاً، يجب أن يحترم القائمون به الأسس والمعايير اللازمة للقيام بالتدخل
Figueira, Tonetto Fernanda. "Pour une suprématie du droit international dans la protection de valeurs intangibles de l’humanité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020031.
Full textBecause of World War II, international institutions have created a set of rights related to the essence of the human condition that are as intuitive as to systematize. The close relationship between international law and the protection of intangible values of the human community as a whole has its sources from this emergence. Indeed, these values were identified in the light of philosophical and legal constructions about the concept of humanity until the moment when it became protected by the customary and conventional international law. On the one hand, this protection came from the international criminal law and its enlightenment about the conception of crime against humanity and genocide, in a manner that it enabled the identification of the meaning of serious violations. On the other hand, this protection came likewise from international human rights law, in which it took care to safeguard the individual either as a singular and collective human being, as well as of the fundamental rights to the preservation of its human condition. The hardest problem that is presented here is about the difficult interactions between international law and national law. This problem is aggravated by the heritage left by the classic international law paradigms, which leads us to seek the answer concerning how the States react or how States must react when international law aims to safeguard these core human values. In this thesis, we seek to demonstrate that the protection exercised, especially on the basis of prohibitions, places international law in a position of supremacy linked to its character of jus cogens, in order to impose obligations over both States and individuals
Kapsali, Vassiliki. "Les droits des administrés dans la procédure administrative non contentieuse : étude comparée des droits français et grec." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020003.
Full textReflection of the individuals’ relation to state power, law in the field of administrative procedures has significantly evolved during the last four decades in France and in Greece.This evolution, associated in both countries with political and normative projects aspiring to administrative reform, has largely alimented doctrinal debate on the establishment of an“administrative democracy”. However, the evolution of rules governing in particular individual decision making is also a response to a classic and fundamental legal problem, namely the protection of individuals against unilateral administrative intervention in the sphere of their substantive rights and liberties. The legal status of individuals during the elaboration of individual acts deserves therefore to be explored in view of the function accomplished by procedural rights -such as the right to hearing and to reason giving- in administrative procedures of such type. In fact, the contribution of procedural rights in the protection of substantive rights concerned by the individual decision making process turns out to be crucial for the treatment of procedural rights under French and Greek administrative law. More specifically, the quality of procedural rights as instruments of individual protection allows to coherently understand the evolution of their sources and scope as well as various aspects of judicial handling of their eventual violation by administrative bodies
Supera, Sasha. "La responsabilité civile extracontractuelle pour faute comme fondement de la sanction de l'abus de la liberté d'expression." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS564.
Full textTortious liability or Torts are useful to obtain compensation for damages of Speech : a careless paper, an unkind word or the disclosure of confidential informations. Tortious liability is currently used by the States of Belgium and Luxembourg. However, in France, on July 12th 2000, Cassation Court judges took several decisions to prevent tort law to be used in Freedom of Speech processes. Since then, France has been on a wrong path. This dissertation attempts to prove necessary the return of tortious liability in the media industry and law. France is often targeted by the ECHR for violation of article 10 (freedom of speech rights). So far, noone dared to form a request to the Strasbourg Court on the French Tort law ban. However, several reasons and arguments are available to the reader in order to expect that eventually France will be found wrong to keep on the ban of civil liability in speech freedom cases
Angrisani, Roberto. "L’action de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne pour la protection des droits fondamentaux face à la répression des migrations irrégulières." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0318.
Full textThis research argues that the European Court of Justice, with its interpretative action, plays a major role in defining fundamental rights for irregular migrants in the EU. The limited competences of the EU in migration matters, shared with the Member States (Article 4(2)(j) TFEU), have not prevented the Court of Justice from affirming general principles of law that have marked the development of European legislative activity, to the point of thwarting the law enforcement action highlighted by the Member States and sometimes by the EU itself. Nevertheless, the interpretation made by the CJEU of primary and secondary law in the light of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights encounters major limitations when it comes to criminal and administrative litigation on illegal immigration. The first part of the study is dedicated to the limits of the interpretative action of the CJEU. As the territorial dimension is the central thread of the research, the analysis of case law shows the obstacles to effective action by Luxembourg judges in the face of repression "before entry" and "on exit" of migrants. Indeed, both the agreements taken by the EU or by its Member States with third countries to prevent departures, and the readmission agreements aimed at the return of migrants in an irregular condition to their country of origin or to transit countries are often outside the competence of the CJEU. The second part focuses on the practices of repression of irregular migration on the territory of the EU. The importance of the preliminary ruling mechanism (Article 267 TFEU) will be highlighted from the criminal litigation on the criminalisation of migration and the administrative litigation on the repression of the same phenomenon. While the effectiveness of the action of the CJEU is obvious in the internal dimension of the repression of migration, the analysis of its case law on the external dimension of repression shows the need for harmonisation that EU migration policy needs today
Poinsignon, David. "La protection des droits fondamentaux par l'Union européenne : éléments pour une théorie de la Fédération de droit." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC020.
Full textThe protection of fundamental rights by the European Union and the issue of the Union's legal nature are not isolated. On the contrary, they are deeply linked. The Union can be classified in the category of federalism under the effect of the protection of fundamental rights. In return, this federative nature has an influence on the protection of fundamental rights. The protection of fundamental rights and the nature of the Union together form the identity of the Union. This identity could be a federal rule of law (Fédération de droit)? This hypothesis, which is based on the rule of law model and the requirements of cosmopolitanism, aims at a Federation whose founding objectives include the protection of fundamental rights. This hypothesis offers some keys to understanding how the federalization process and the protection of fundamental rights are articulated. However, the relationship between this process and the protection of fundamental rights is often conflictual. There are many obstacles to this qualification. Indeed, Member States wish to preserve their sovereignty. The imperatives of economic federalism or the expectations of federal security also raise multiple concerns. These obstacles impact both the federalization process and the protection of fundamental rights. In conclusion, they prevent this qualification of european federal rule of law