Journal articles on the topic 'Manifestations – france – paris'

Although France is known as the country of museums, it has yet to inaugurate a museum of French history. At a time of mounting tensions between an increasingly multiracial and multicultural French population, on the one hand, and an inherently problematic model of French Republican integration on the other, one wonders whose history would be represented. In the wake of one of France’s worst cases of social unrest – the 2005 riots – Paris opened two new national museums (the Musée du Quai Branly and the Cité Nationale de l’Histoire de l’Immigration), which held great promise of leading France toward postcoloniality. Unfortunately, neither site advanced the nation’s largely silenced conversation about its colonial history, its enduring effects and its contemporary manifestations. Against a backdrop of increased Islamophobia, exacerbated as much by the 2015–17 terrorist attacks in Paris and Nice as by the anti-’immigration’ rhetoric during the 2017 presidential elections, I examine the call for a new museum and its potential to bring France closer to postcoloniality.

An outbreak of chikungunya fever has been occurring in the islands of the South West Indian Ocean since early 2005. We describe the clinical and biological manifestations observed in 80 patients presenting with confirmed imported chikungunya fever in our infectious disease department between March 2005 and August 2006. Forty eight patients were women (60%) and the median age was 50 years (range: 15-75).

Le mouvement des Gilets jaunes, entre la fin 2018 et le début 2020, a été le lieu de pratiques d’écritures de la contestation multiples dont aucune n’est véritablement inédite dans l’histoire des mouvements sociaux en France. La spécificité de cet usage de l’écrit, en mobilisant les outils de l’anthropologie de l’écriture, tient à la chaine d’écriture qui relie les banderoles sur les ronds-points occupés, les inscriptions sur les gilets de sécurité des protestataires et les graffiti lors des manifestations. L’analyse montre en particulier l’importance d’une inscription le 1 er décembre 2018 sur l’Arc de triomphe à Paris comme principe de légitimation de discours individuels minorés et comme programme d’écriture collectif.

SummaryVenous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are commonly viewed as different manifestations of a single disease process, venous thromboembolism. Recent evidence suggests that there may be important differences between patients who manifest these two conditions. Using linked hospital discharge records we analyzed 71,250 patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of venous thrombosis alone or pulmonary embolism and analyzed predictors of rehospitalization within 6 months for venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. There were 51233 patients diagnosed with venous thrombosis alone and 21,625 diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Comparing patients initially diagnosed with venous thrombosis alone to patients with pulmonary embolism, the relative risk of being rehospitalized with venous thrombosis within 6 months for venous thrombosis was 2.7. Conversely, when patients with pulmonary embolism were compared to patients with venous thrombosis alone, the relative risk of rehospitalization within 6 months with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was 4.2. In multivariate models the strongest predictor of recurrent thromboembolism manifest as pulmonary embolism was an initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the strongest predictor of recurrence as venous thrombosis was an initial diagnosis of venous thrombosis. We conclude that the initial clinical manifestation of thromboembolism strongly predicts the manifestation of a recurrence. Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism appear to be distinct, albeit overlapping, clinical entities with different natural histories.Presented at the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Meeting in Paris, France on July 9, 2001

Peu avant sa mort, survenue en 1910, Louis Bourgault-Ducoudray, professeur d'histoire de la musique au Conservatoire de Paris, reçut un jour la visite d'un invité peu commun. Celui-ci, raconte Bourgault-Ducoudray dans une lettre non datée, était membre de l'Action française, mouvement monarchiste pour lequel le professeur, quoique officiant dans une institution républicaine, éprouvait une sympathie voilée. Le but de cet émissaire singulier ? Consulter le musicien sur un projet de soirée associant littérature et musique, et ce au bénéfice de la ligue nationaliste Si le professeur multiplia d'abord les mises en garde, soulignant les risques de l'entreprise dans une saison déjà largement surchargée et où les nombreuses manifestations se faisaient concurrence, il en vint peu à peu à livrer le fond de sa pensée sur le projet et le principe même du concert mis au service de l'idéologie nationaliste:Selon moi, l'Action francaise, comme la Patrie francaise, devrait chercher dans Fart et particulièrement dans l'art musical moins un moyen de recette qu'un moyen de propagande par le sentiment. Puisque l'idée de patrie est battue […] il importe de formuler avec toute la puissance qu'il comporte les augures du sentiment national. Je lisais dans le Gaulois, cette définition du nationalisme : le sentiment profond, les traditions, les rêves, les énergies de toute une race. Savez-vous l'unique moyen de formuler cela ? C'est la musique chorale […]. Organisez un culte musical de la patrie et de la tradition franchise et donnez une audition de musique patriotique au Trocadéro […]. Vous affirmerez avec une puissance de rayonnement incomparable l'idée que nous servons.

Objective Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm which can infiltrate any organ or tissue. Endocrine involvement has mostly been described in case reports and small retrospective studies. We aimed to describe endocrine manifestations in a large cohort of adulthood onset (AO) and childhood onset (CO) patients with LCH. Design Single-center observational study conducted between January 2002 and December 2017 at Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (Paris, France), a tertiary care hospital. Method Clinical, biological and morphological evaluations of pituitary, gonadal, adrenal and thyroid function evaluations performed in 63 consecutive patients with LCH (AO patients: 40, CO patients: 23). Fifty-eight patients underwent follow-up assessments. Results Complete pituitary evaluation was performed in 38/63 patients (60.3%); at least one anterior pituitary dysfunction (APD) was found in 63.2% of them. In this subgroup of patients, the most prevalent deficiencies were diabetes insipidus (DI) and GHD (55.3% each), followed by gonadotropin deficiency (34.2%) and thyrotropin deficiency (23.7%). In the subgroup of the 25 incompletely evaluated patients, we found DI in 44%, GHD in 50%, gonadotropin deficiency in 30.4% and thyrotropin deficiency in 16%. APD was more common in CO patients (P = 0.003) but was not systematically associated with DI regardless of the age of onset. Endocrine dysfunction was most often permanent; moreover, occurrence of new deficiencies has been described during follow-up. Conclusion The spectrum of endocrine disorders appears to be large in LCH (both in AO and CO patients) and should be evaluated carefully at diagnosis and during follow-up. APD was not always associated with DI.

Object Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with leptomeningeal venous reflux generally pose a high risk of aggressive manifestations including hemorrhage. Among DAVFs, there is a peculiar type that demonstrates direct drainage into the bridging vein rather than the dural venous sinus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of DAVFs that drain directly into the petrosal vein or the bridging vein of the medulla oblongata. Methods Eleven consecutive cases of DAVFs that drained directly into the petrosal vein and 6 that drained directly into the bridging vein of the medulla were retrospectively reviewed. These cases were evaluated and/or treated at Hospital de Bicêtre in Paris, France, over a 27-year period. A review of previously reported cases was also performed. Results Both of these “extrasinusal”-type DAVFs demonstrated very similar characteristics. There was a significant male predominance (p < 0.001) for this lesion, and a significantly higher incidence of aggressive neurological manifestations including hemorrhage or venous hypertension than in DAVFs of the transverse-sigmoid or cavernous sinus (p < 0.001). This finding was considered to be attributable to leptomeningeal venous reflux. Regarding treatment, endovascular embolization (either transarterial or transvenous) is frequently difficult, and surgery may be an effective therapeutic choice in many instances. Conclusions Embryologically, both the petrosal vein and the bridging vein of the medulla are cranial homologs of the spinal cord emissary bridging veins that drain the pial venous network. The authors believe that DAVFs in these locations may be included in a single category with spinal DAVFs because of their similar clinical characteristics.

Context: Primary adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage-adrenal infarction is a rare and life-threatening manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS). Data on the long-term outcome are scarce. Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the long-term outcome related to APLS per se and to characterize the course of adrenal involvement. Design: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage-adrenal infarction secondary to APLS seen in the Department of Internal Medicine of Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (France) between January 1990 and July 2010. Results: Three patients died during the acute phase related to APLS manifestations. Sixteen patients (7 males; 9 females) were followed up during a median period of 3.5 years (range 0.3–28.1 years). Three episodes of recurrent thrombosis were noted. One patient died from cerebral hemorrhage 3 months after the onset of adrenal insufficiency. Repeated Synacthen tests showed complete absence of response in 8 of the 10 patients assessed; cortisol and aldosterone increased appropriately in one patient and to some extent in another one. Dehydroepiandrosterone levels and 24-hour urinary epinephrine levels remained abnormally low in all evaluated patients. Adrenal imaging performed more than 1 year after the initial event revealed completely atrophic glands in 9 of 11 patients. Conclusions: This particular subset of APLS patients who survive the acute phase has a rather favorable long-term outcome. Although adrenal dysfunction is generally irreversible, adrenocortical function may, at least partially, recover in rare cases. In this view, measurement of early morning cortisol during follow-up is indicated to detect these patients.

A comunicação de crise já está incorporada à comunicação corporativa, entretanto, mais efetivamente aplicada na assessoria de imprensa das empresas. A Professora Doutora Karine Berthelot-Guie, da Université de Paris-Sorbonne, na França, traz o conceito para a publicidade, o que desperta o interesse de investigação desse novo desafio para as marcas no cenário de convergência e cultura participativa. A título de estudo exploratório, este trabalho apresenta alguns exemplos em que a manifestação das marcas são interpeladas, nesse contexto, por diferentes tipos de mediação ressignificados pelo receptor, quais sejam: mediações espaciais, humanas e virtuais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Publicidade; Marcas; Mediações; Prosumers; Comunicação de Crise. ABSTRACTThe crisis communications is already integrated to the corporate communications, although it is more effectively applied in media relations offices. PhD Professor Karine Berthelot-Guide, from Paris-Sorbonne University, in France, brings the concept to advertising, which increases the interest in this new research challenge for brands in the context of convergence and participatory culture. As an exploratory study, this paper presents some examples where the brand manifestations are challenged by different kinds of mediation reinterpreted by the receiver, namely: space, human and virtual mediations. KEYWORDS: Advertising; Brands; Mediations; Prosumers; Crisis Communication. RESUMENLa comunicación de crisis ya se ha incorporada a la comunicación corporativa, entretanto, se aplica efectivamente en la asesoría de prensa de las empresas. La profesora Doctora Karine Berthelot-Guie, de la Universidad de la Sorbona-Paris, en Francia, introdujo el concepto para el campo de la publicidad, lo que despierta el interés para la investigación de ese nuevo desafío para las marcas en un escenario de convergencia y cultura participativa. A modo de estudio exploratorio, este trabajo presenta algunos ejemplos en que la manifestación de esas marcas resulta interpelada, en ese contexto, por diferentes tipos de mediaciones resignificadas por el receptor, ya sea mediaciones espaciales, humanas y virtuales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Publicidad; Marcas; Mediaciones; Prosumers; Comunicación de crisis.

ObjectiveTo report the clinicopathologic features and outcome of myositis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (irMyositis).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with irMyositis in tertiary centers in Paris, France, and Berlin, Germany, from January 2015 to July 2017. The main outcomes were clinical manifestations and muscle histology, which included major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), C5b-9, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L) 1, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2).ResultsTen patients with metastatic cancer were included; median age was 73 (range 56–87) years. Median follow-up duration was 48 (range 16–88) weeks. Six patients developed myositis during nivolumab therapy, 1 patient during pembrolizumab, 1 patient during durvalumab, and 2 patients during combined nivolumab and ipilimumab. Median delay between ICI initiation and myositis onset was 25 (range 5–87) days. Clinical manifestations were dominated by acute or subacute myalgia (8 patients) and limb-girdle (7), axial (7), and oculomotor (7) weakness. Four patients had evidence of myocarditis. In all patients, creatine kinase levels were elevated (median 2,668, range 1,059–16,620 U/L), while anti-acetylcholine receptor and myositis-associated antibodies were negative. Electrodiagnostic studies showed myopathic process without decrement in all patients. Muscle biopsy constantly showed multifocal necrotic myofibers, sarcolemmal MHC-I, and endomysial inflammation, consisting mainly of CD68+ cells expressing PD-L1 and CD8+ cells expressing PD-1. ICI treatment was withdrawn in all patients; 9 patients received immunosuppressive therapy, which consistently led to marked clinical improvement.ConclusionsirMyositis presents with remarkably homogeneous and unique clinicopathologic features, expanding the nosologic spectrum of inflammatory myopathies in patients with cancer. ICI withdrawal and treatment with corticosteroids improve outcome.

BackgroundChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare inflammatory disease of the skeleton characterized by chronic and recurrent episodes of osteo-articular inflammation. The median age of onset is 10 years old. Clinical manifestations include musculoskeletal symptoms that are well described (pain, tenderness, swelling). Sometimes, skin lesions or digestive manifestations occur. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for assessing the multifocal pattern of the CRMO. Treatment is still empirical and mainly relies on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Bisphosphonates and biologics are used as second-line treatments. To date, the focus has been set on bone involvement and very few data are available on extra-osseous manifestations in CRMO.ObjectivesThis study aims to further describe these extra-osseous clinical manifestations in CRMO.MethodsA historical cohort was designed using 61 CRMO patients at the Pediatric Rheumatology Department in a tertiary university hospital in Paris (Hôpital Bicêtre, France). All patients underwent a MRI that confirmed the diagnosis according to the criteria of Jansson. Skeletal involvement was characterized with 1/axial, 2/ peripheral, 3/ axial and peripheral lesions. Extra-osseous manifestations were divided into 1/ skin lesions, 2/ gastro-intestinal manifestations, 3/ enthesitis and 4/ others. Pain was evaluated thanks to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS, from 0 to 10). Treatments used were recorded. The study complied with ethical requirements.ResultsForty one patients were included in the study, with 31 females (75.6%). The mean ± SD age at onset was 79.1 ± 59.8 months, with a delay at diagnosis beyond six months (6.71 ± 6.96). Twenty-one patients had a familial history of inflammatory diseases (51.2%), with a majority of psoriasis or ankylosing spondylitis (n=13/21, 61.9%). At diagnosis, the level of pain was 5.71 ± 3.24. Eleven patients (42.3%) had blood inflammation. Bone lesions were reviewed thanks to whole body MRI: four patients had isolated axial involvement (10.0%), nine had peripheral involvement (22.5%) and 27 patients harbored both types of lesions (67.5%). The mean number of lesions was 6.65 ± 4.23. After 12 months of follow-up, all parameters regarding disease’s activity decreased (pain, blood inflammation, number of lesions). Regarding extra-osseous symptoms, fever occurred in seven patients (17.1%). Twenty-four patients had skin manifestations (58.5%) with palmoplantar lesions (n=3, 12.5%), acne (n=6, 25.0%), psoriasis (n=5, 20.8%) and aphthous (n=10, 41.7%). Four patients (9.76%) had gastro-intestinal symptoms and seven (17.1%) had enthesitis. One patient had uveitis. Almost all patients received NSAIDs (n=39/41, 95.1%) and half of the cohort were treated with bisphosphonates (n=21/41, 51.2%). Nine patients (22.0%) received biologics with a majority of TNF inhibitors. All patients that received TNF inhibitors had either a cutaneous involvement or digestive symptoms or enthesitis (Figure 1).ConclusionExtra-osseous manifestations have to be carefully searched in CRMO, especially in the presence of familial history of inflammatory diseases. While the severity of bone involvement can lead to use bisphosphonates, the introduction of biologics seems to rely on extra-osseous symptoms. These conclusions are drawn on a retrospective study and need to be confirmed in larger cohort.References[1]Wipff J, et al. A large national cohort of French patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 67, 1128-1137 (2015).[2]Jansson A, et al. Classification of Non-Bacterial Osteitis: Retrospective study of clinical, immunological and genetic aspects in 89 patients. Rheumatology 46, 154-160 (2006).Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

<p>With the exception of a biographical entry on Adamantios Korais (1748-1833) published in 1836 by the Hellenist G. R. L. de Sinner in Paris and of a university discourse by Professor Pericles Argyropoulos, published in 1850 in Athens, scholars and intellectuals in the newly founded kingdom of Greece had not included Korais among their research priorities. Eventually the academic foundations of research on Korais would be laid in the decade 1871-80. The Chiot merchants of Marseille in collaboration with a corresponding committee in Athens planned, among other manifestations honouring their compatriot Korais, the publication of his unpublished writings and his correspondence. The year 1881 saw the inauguration of the series <em>Posthumously found writings</em> with a volume edited by A. Mamoukas, who included a long biographical introduction. In 1885-6 Korais' correspondence was published by Professor N. Damalas. Earlier, in 1877, in Paris from among the ranks of the "Association pour l'encouragement des études grecques en France", neohellenists Brunet de Presle and the Marquis de Queux de Saint-Hilaire had published Korais' correspondence with the classicist Chardon de la Rochette during the French Revolution and with a number of other distinguished French philologists. In a separate edition they published his correspondence with the Swiss philosopher P. Prevost, and Queux de Saint-Hilaire translated and published in French in 1880 Korais' correspondence with the Precentor of Smyrna D. Lotos during the Revolutionary period. In 1889-90 the Greek journalist in Trieste, D. Therianos, published a three-volume biography of Korais, which represents the most important milestone in Korais studies during the nineteenth century. Among more partial approaches to Korais' life and work after Therianos, mention should be made of a critical study in 1903 by the diplomat scholar I. Gennadios, who called Damalas' edition of Korais' correspondence a shame for Greek letters. Although it was too early for nineteenth century authors to see Korais in the perspective of the European Enlightenment, they nevertheless have left important general synthetic works and prepared the ground for subsequent fuller editions of his correspondence.</p>

Introduction. The boudoir as a concept of a peculiar female room originated at the beginning of the 18th century, when the Turkish was just beginning to enter European fashion. Among the factors that influenced this fashion, more than anything else is the publication of the first French translation of the fairy tales «One Thousand and One Nights» (1704-1717). France was a trendsetter in those years, and the development of fashion greatly helped by letters from travelers. Materials and methods. The intensification of FrancoTurkish diplomatic relations also contributed: after the arrival in Paris of the Ottoman Embassy of the Sultan Ahmed III (1720-1721) Turkish at the peak of popularity in various fields: in music and in the stagearts, in literature and painting. One of the manifestations of the «à la Turk» fashion was the «Turkish» decoration of boudoirs that came into fashion in the early reign of Louis XV, together with the fashion for a private rather than ceremonial lifestyle. Results. This problem, which has not previously come to the attention of domestic Turquerie researchers, addressed through a study of the earliest known boudoirs «a la Turk» by Louis XV's favorite, the Marquise de Pompadour, at Bellevue (1748-1750). Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that it was the Turkish boudoir that was the heart of Bellevue. Here, the marquise, like the fabulous Scheherazade, entertained the king and his friends, "terribly suffering from unbearable boredom." Such boudoirs in the conventional Turkish style will become more common in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when many European aristocrats will have the opportunity to try on the role of an oriental beauty. The boudoir of the Marquise de Pompadour, whose well-known strength was the ability to surprise, each time finding something new in the ordinary, became one of the first, opening a series of relatively oriental specific female interiors.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 disease has spread throughout the world in an unprecedented way. France and Brazil confirmed the first cases in the European and South American regions with high incidence rates at the peak of the first wave of contamination along the year 2020. Patients with hematological disorders, especially malignancies, may be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection because of the underlying disease and treatment. Since COVID-19 presentation is heterogeneous, from asymptomatic up to severe life-threatening forms and the patients with malignancies and COVID-19 admitted to the hospital show a wide range of clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities, it is still unclear for clinicians which patients, blood tests at admission and disease factors are associated with worse outcomes. Getting further insights into patients with specific diseases is of particular interest. We aimed to identify profiles of hematologic patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that would be associated with survival, and to assess the differences between cohorts. Methods: A binational cohort including all consecutive hematological patients aged 18 years or more with moderate or severe COVID-19, requiring hospitalization until December 2020 at two tertiary centers, from Paris, France and São Paulo, Brazil, was studied. Patients with a hospital stay of less than 24 hours were excluded. All patients were followed until the end of hospitalization; then, after discharge, survival data was recovered on medical charts or outpatient consultations, if data were available. Patient profiles were based on age, comorbidities, blood tests at admission, COVID-19 symptoms, and hematological disease characteristics. A semi-supervised learning method was first used to obtain the prognostic driven profiles; then, a classifier was identified to allow the classification of patients using only admission (baseline) data. Results: A total of 263 patients (135 from Brazil and 128 from France) were enrolled. Male patients (58.2%), elderly (≥ 65 years, 46%), with high comorbidities prevalence were frequent. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (29.3%), multiple myeloma (19.4%) and chronic myeloid disorders (12.9%) were the most frequent underlying hematological malignancies and 13.3% of patients had benign diseases. Most of the patients (59.7%) had undergone chemotherapy in the last six months before COVID-19 admission. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 was similar in the two countries. Fever (68.4%), dyspnea (60.1%) and cough (55.9%) were the main symptoms at admission. The ICU admission (56% versus 25%) and invasive ventilation (42% versus 19%) rates were notably higher among Brazilian patients due to scarce ICU beds during the peak of transmission in France. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 115/263 (43.7% [95%CI 37.6-49.9]) and the median follow-up after admission was 63 days (IQR 40-98). There was no evidence of survival difference between countries after adjusting on age, comorbidities, and diagnosis. Two clusters were identified, segregating young patients with few comorbidities, low CRP, D-dimers, LDH and creatinine levels, with a 30-day survival of 77.1%, versus 46.7% in remainders. The profiles (clusters) were strongly associated with survival (p&lt;0.001), even after adjusting on age (p&lt;0.001) (Figure 1). We identified a set of rules to classify patients into the two profiles, using only information available at hospital admission, with a high accuracy rate (97.7% on the training set and 84.9% on the validation set). The baseline predictors consecutively selected by the model were the number of comorbidities, creatinine, CRP, a continuous regimen of chemotherapy, platelets and lymphocytes counts, a symptom of ageusia, dyspnea, hematological malignancy, high blood pressure, and symptom of myalgia. Conclusions: This analysis allowed to identify two profiles of hospitalized hematological patients with COVID-19 that have a different outcome when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed the importance of CRP, LHD, and creatinine in COVID-19 presentation and prognosis, whatever the geographic origin of the patients. The identification of patterns and clinical manifestations experienced by hematological patients during moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection might be helpful to medical staff in the care management and in the allocation of scarce resources. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract This article examines the little-known system of foreign aid that the Eisenhower administration called “triangular trade.” Created to increase development aid without specific Congressional authorization, U.S. officials managed it chaotically and often secretly. This article analyzes U.S. application of this policy in relations with France, focusing on an examination of “triangular francs” whose most important manifestation occurred in South Vietnam. It tries to understand the complicated and often contentious relationships between the three nations with respect to “triangular francs,” illustrating its often neo-colonial aspects. After first presenting the system, the article proceeds to examine each of the three participants’ role in it and reservations about it. In particular, it seeks to show how Saigon’s leaders sought to influence the system to make it more advantageous to them and the impact this had on both Paris and Washington.

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad range of clinical manifestations and a high unmet need. Real-world data on SLE are available and currently scattered across more than 50 registries worldwide. The Lupus Federated Data Network (LupusNet) is an interdisciplinary initiative that aims to standardize data and harmonize methodology to create a large, global SLE database from existing registries.ObjectivesThis initiative will allow the analysis of real-world data across lupus registries worldwide.MethodsThe central paradigm of LupusNet is a federated model whereby the data reside with the respective registries/data owners and analyses are executed at the local center. As data from different sources have different infrastructures, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM) will be used to standardize data into a common format. Standardization will reduce the heterogeneity in data structure and semantics, allowing for uniform data analysis, collaborative research, large-scale analytics, and sharing of sophisticated tools and methodologies. LupusNet will include prospective, observational registries designed to capture real-world data on demographics, treatments, and outcomes in patients with SLE. Other data, including data originating from randomized clinical trials, will also be part of this initiative.ResultsCurrently, 6 registries representing 4 regions of the globe and ~30,000 lupus patients are engaged at the start of this initiative. Examples of the types of data from each registry that are available for standardization and harmonization in LupusNet are shown inFigure 1. Other lupus registries that may be interested in participating in this initiative should contact the authors. Participating registries are not required to collect all types of data to be included in the initiative. Contact the LupusNet team atwww.lupusnet.org.ConclusionThrough the standardization of global registry data, LupusNet hopes to demonstrate the potential of real-world evidence to answer important questions related to SLE with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes.Figure 1.Example of Data Collected from Lupus Registries and Clinical TrialsREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsJoerg Schreiber Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen-Cilag, Neuss, Germany, Michel van Speybroeck Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium, Federico Zazzetti Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Medical Affairs Global Services, LLC, Wim Noel Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium, Teresa A. Simon: None declared, Frederic Lavie Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Paris, France.

The aim of the ill-fated 1922 Congress of Paris, an international conference organized by André Breton, was to diagnose the sources of the “modern spirit.” Although the congress had ambitious international goals, it was brought down by a remark with xenophobic connotations. Largely remembered today as the death knell of Paris Dada—the public fight between Tristan Tzara and Breton meant not only that the congress never took place but also that Paris Dada was dissolved—the congress's failure stemmed from the tensions involved in selfconsciously deining modernism. Arguing that ambivalence over the concept shaped the main participants' understanding of the congress, I read the congress as a concrete manifestation of the impulse to federate the arts in post-World War I France.

Abstract Hemoglobinopathy screening is frequently needed in adult patients, including prenatal carrier screen, workup of unexplained anemia, and bone marrow donor and recipient screening. However, the preferred test method for screening of hemoglobinopathy is not well established due to limited guidance from professional societies. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Genetics recommended hemoglobin electrophoresis as the screening method of hemoglobinopathy in pregnancy; nevertheless, electrophoresis employs various methodologies, including acid gel electrophoresis, alkaline gel electrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with alkaline buffer. For other adult patient populations who need hemoglobinopathy screening, no clear guidelines dictate the method of choice. A previous study has shown that CE captures major hemoglobinopathies with comparable performance to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in pediatric patients but no study has investigated using CE alone in adult patient screening. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the utility of CE as a screening method to rule out clinically significant hemoglobin variants. During eight months, 312 adult patients without previously identified hemoglobin variants had hemoglobinopathy screening performed using a comprehensive testing algorithm. This cascade algorithm screens for hemoglobinopathy using both CE (Capillarys, Sebia, Paris, France) and HPLC (laboratory-developed test) with reflex to more advanced variant identification such as mass spectrometry and genetic analyses. Categories of abnormal findings were reviewed to determine if hemoglobinopathy can be identified by using CE only. The patient population mainly consists of pregnant women and anemic patients with hematologic malignancies with an average age of 42. Out of the 312 screened patients, 47 had abnormal results. The most frequent condition was elevated hemoglobin F (N=25) ranging 2-5% seen in leukemia patients on chemotherapy attributed to bone marrow stress. Eight cases of beta plus thalassemia (featuring hemoglobin A2 &gt;4%) and 3 cases of hemoglobin C trait were identified in patients with little to mild clinical manifestations (red blood cell indices suggesting anemia). Decreased hemoglobin A2 fraction was observed in 7 patients, and potential causes were alpha thalassemia or iron deficiency. Other less common hemoglobinopathies included heterozygote A2 prime (N=3, a benign delta chain variant that migrates separately from hemoglobin A2 on CE) and hemoglobin G-Philadelphia (N=1). All of the abnormal results are identifiable by CE alone, although HPLC and more advanced methods help confirm the diagnosis. Our study shows that CE as the first line of screening method would rule out major hemoglobinopathies in adults. There have been reports that rare but clinically significant hemoglobin variants like hemoglobin Malmo may not be detected by CE, and therefore, certain pre-test probability factors need to be considered when testing for hemoglobinopathies, such as race/ethnicity background, family history, red blood cell indices, and iron deficiency status.

RESUMENLa historiografía sobre la muerte, desarrollada entre finales de los años setenta y noventa de la pasada centuria, tuvo especial interés y proyección a partir de las investigaciones trazadas por la tercera generación de Annales. Los planteamientos de esta corriente, en sintonía con los modelos de dicha escuela y avalados por la renovación del objeto histórico tras el estructuralismo, giraron alrededor del estudio de las condiciones materiales, actitudes, imágenes y gestualidad del hombre medieval ante la muerte. El cuerpo de esta fructífera reflexión, como parcela de la “historia de las mentalidades”, albergó novedades metodológicas, facilitando una visión y proyección heurística, debido al impacto que tuvo dentro del diálogo de la historia con las ciencias sociales y otras disciplinas del quehacer humanístico. A finales del siglo xx y comienzo del presente, el giro producido en el quehacer histórico ha otorgado un mayor protagonismo a lo social y cultural, colocando en el lugar protagonista ocupado durante décadas por la “historia de la muerte” otros intereses. Compete, por tanto, plantearse qué horizontes cabría dibujar, dentro de las coordenadas historiográficas de la actualidad, para las investigaciones sobre la muerte, cuyas paradojas siguen vigentes como recurso para conocer los fenómenos y manifestaciones propias de la civilización medieval.Palabras clave: Muerte medieval, historiografía de la muerte ABSTRACTThe historiography of death developed between the late 1970s and the 1990s was of special interest and projection. It was based on research carried out by the third generation of the Annales. The approaches developed in line with the models of this school of thought and underpinned by the renewal of the historical object following structuralism, revolved around the study of material conditions, attitudes, images and gestures of the medieval man in the face of death. The core of this prolific reflection as part of the “history of mentalities” contained methodological novelties facilitating a heuristic vision and projection due to the impact it had on the dialogue between History and Social Sciences and other humanistic disciplines. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the current the shift in historical endeavour has given greater prominence to what is social and cultural, placing other interests in the key role for decades occupied by the “history of death”. 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Background:Clinical manifestations are scarce in AA amyloidosis (AAA) and, contrary to other types of amyloidosis, involvement of the peripheral nervous system was rarely reported in AAA. However, the usual absence of hypertension despite chronic renal failure and the digestive involvement may be secondary to dysautonomia, but the autonomic nervous system has rarely been studied in AAA (1). Measure of the electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) is a simple and reproducible method to evaluate the function of eccrine sweat glands, which are innervated by small non-myelinated C fibers, and patients with AL and hereditary transthyretin amyloidoses show decreased ESC values (2,3).Objectives:To evaluate ESC values by Sudoscan in patients with AAA.Methods:Patients diagnosed as having AAA based on positive immunohistochemistry with an anti-serum amyloid A antibody followed at the national reference center for AAA in Tenon Hospital between July, 2017 and September, 2020, were routinely assessed for ESC with FDA approved Sudoscan (Impeto Medical, Paris, France). An ESC value above 60 microSiemens (µS) or 70 µS were considered normal for hands or feet, respectively. Categorical variables are reported as percentages and continuous variables are expressed as means±standard deviation. Correlations between age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (defined as 0 for dialysis patients) and ESC values were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman test. GraphPad Prism Version 7 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA) was used for statistical analyses. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Overall, 32 patients (16 women) were included, with a mean age of 57.4±13.6 years and a mean BMI of 25.2±6.8 kg/m2. Six (19%) had diabetes mellitus, and 5 (16%) had a kidney transplantation. The main causes of AAA were: monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (n=11, 34%, including 9 patients with familial Mediterranean fever), chronic and/or recurrent infections (n=5, 16%), obesity (n=3, 9%) and undefined (n=3, 9%). The mean hands’ ESC values was normal at 65.5±21.1 µS, although 8 (25%) patients had ESC values below 60 µS, including 2 diabetic patients. In contrast, the mean feet’s ESC values was abnormal at 62.7±23.7 µS, including half of the patients with ESC values below 70 µS (2 diabetic patients). Eight patients had abnormal ESC values only for feet, and 1 had abnormal values only for hands. Apart from a significant correlation between feet and hands’ ESC values (p<0.0001), only the estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly associated with hands’ ESC values (p<0.01).Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess ESC in AAA. Feet’s ESC values were moderately impaired in half of the patients with AAA. Therefore, this study reinforces the previously reported alterations in the autonomic nervous system in patients with AAA that should probably be searched for in these patients. In addition, the identification of an alteration of the ESC values cannot allow to distinguish the type of amyloidosis.References:[1]Nussinovitch U, Volovitz B, Nussinovitch M, Lidar M, Feld O, Nussinovitch N, et al. Abnormal heart rate variability in AA amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Amyloid 2011;18:206–10.[2]Montcuquet A, Duchesne M, Roussellet O, Jaccard A, Magy L. Electrochemical skin conductance values suggest frequent subclinical autonomic involvement in patients with AL amyloidosis. Amyloid 2020;27:215–6.[3]Fortanier E, Delmont E, Verschueren A, Attarian S. Quantitative sudomotor test helps differentiate transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2020;131:1129–33.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

BackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) is a group of rare and heterogeneous systemic diseases characterized by clinical muscle weakness and histological inflammation in skeletal muscles. Myositis classification distinguishes dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti synthetase syndrome (ASSD) and overlap myositis (OM) [1-2]. Patients with myositis are more likely to die younger than in general population [3]. Cardiovascular events (CVE) are one of the main causes of death during the disease’s course [4].ObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence of CVE and their link with features of cardiac involvement in a French myositis population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of DM, ASSD, IBM, IMNM or OM, from the department of internal medicine in Saint Antoine’s hospital, Paris, France, between 1992 and 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected at diagnosis, at the last follow up visit, and at the first CVE if one happened. Subclinical heart involvement was defined by electrocardiogram abnormality, transthoracic echocardiography abnormality or cardiac MRI abnormality. CVE were defined by the occurrence during the follow up of heart failure, inflammatory myocarditis or admission in resuscitation department. Descriptive, bivariate and survival analysis were performed.ResultsAmong the 78 patients included, 52 (67%) were women. Thirty three patients (42%) had a DM, 18 (23%) an ASSD, 12 (15%) an OM, 11 (14%) an IMNM and 4 patients (5%) an IBM. Mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. Median follow up time was 72 months. Subclinical involvement was present at diagnosis for 17 (22%) patients; and 14 (21%) patients presented a CVE during the follow up period. Patients with subclinical cardiac involvement at diagnosis were more likely to present a CVE than patients without subclinical cardiac involvement. Three years after the diagnosis, 7 CVE occurred in the subclinical cardiac involvement group (event rate 37.5%; 95% CI 4.92-58.92) and only 1 CVE occurred in the no cardiac involvement group (event rate 1.89%; 95% CI 0-5.48). Time to CVE was significantly different between groups (log rank test p < 0,001, Graph 1). This difference remains significant at 5 years after myositis diagnosis.ConclusionPatients with subclinical cardiac involvement at myositis diagnosis are more likely to present CVE in the first 5 years of disease than patients without subclinical cardiac involvement. Clinical cardiac involvement is rare at diagnostic, but subclinical cardiac involvement seems to be a more frequent condition. Our results suggest that we should pay more attention to patient with subclinical cardiac involvement at myositis diagnosis, especially in the first years of the disease’s course.References[1]Lundberg IE, Tjärnlund A, Bottai M, Werth VP, Pilkington C, de Visser M, et al. EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Adult and Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and their Major Subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis. déc 2017;76(12):1955‑64.[2]Mariampillai K, Granger B, Amelin D, Guiguet M, Hachulla E, Maurier F, et al. Development of a New Classification System for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Based on Clinical Manifestations and Myositis-Specific Autoantibodies. JAMA Neurol. déc 2018;75(12):1528‑37.[3]Dobloug GC, Svensson J, Lundberg IE, Holmqvist M. Mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from a Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1 janv 2018;77(1):40‑7.[4]Dankó K, Ponyi A, Constantin T, Borgulya G, Szegedi G. Long-Term Survival of Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies According to Clinical Features: A Longitudinal Study of 162 Cases. Medicine. janv 2004;83(1):35.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

BackgroundPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands and eventually leads to xerophthalmia and xerostomia[1]. Up to 75% of pSS patients may experience extraglandular involvement ranging from mild arthralgia to life-threatening vasculitis[2,3]. Neurological involvement, one of the most common extraglandular manifestations associated with pSS, is classified into two subgroups: peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement and central nervous system (CNS) involvement.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify the types of PNS and CNS involvement in pSS patients, as well as to investigate any relationships between clinical and immunological features and neurological involvement.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 2127 patients with an ICD-10 code for Sjögren recorded in hospital database.Among these patients, those meeting the pSS classification criteria and having neurological symptoms and an objective evaluation accordingly were enrolled.After comparing the patients with and without neurological involvement, peripheral and central involvement subtypes were also compared within themselves.ResultsA total of 199 pSS patients were enrolled and neurological involvement was found in 31.6%. Patients with neurological involvement had a higher frequency of Schirmer’s test, anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B positivity and presence of interstitial lung disease, articular involvement, lymphadenopathy, anemia and hypocomplementemia than patients without those. In multivariate regression analysis, only articular involvement had a higher risk for the development of neurologic involvement [OR 10.01 (4.18–23.97), p0.0001]. Among the patients with PNS, the frequency of anti-Ro/SS-A positivity, low C3 and Schirmer’s test positivity were statistically increased compared to those who were not in PNS (p=0.032, p=0.044, and p=0.029, respectively). In comparison to CNS involvement, patients with CNS involvement were younger, had a shorter disease duration, and had a higher frequency of anti-Ro/SS-A positivity than patients without those (p=0.041, p=0.027, and p=0.046, respectively).ConclusionIn our study, it was shown that one third of the symptomatic pSS patients had objective neurological involvement. The presence of neurological symptoms should be considered, especially in patients with articular involvement in pSS.References[1]Moreira I, Teixeira F, Martins Silva A, Vasconcelos C, Farinha F, Santos E. Frequent involvement of central nervous system in primary Sjögren syndrome. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(2):289-94.[2]Baldini C, Pepe P, Quartuccio L, Priori R, Bartoloni E, Alunno A, et al. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome as a multi-organ disease: impact of the serological profile on the clinical presentation of the disease in a large cohort of Italian patients. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2014;53(5):839-44.[3]Fauchais AL, Magy L, Vidal E. Central and peripheral neurological complications of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Presse medicale (Paris, France: 1983). 2012;41(9 Pt 2):e485-93.Table 1.Comparison of clinical and immunological features of pSS patients with and without neurologic involvementWithout neurologic involvement, n=136With neurologic involvement, n=63pFemale, n (%)131 (96.3)58 (92.1)0.201Age, years, mean (SD)53.8 (10.8)54.4 (13.1)0.755Age of diagnosis, years, mean (SD)48.6 (10.6)48.8 (13.2)0.911Positive Schirmer’stest, n (%)107 (78.7)58 (92.1)0.020Interstitial lung disease, n (%)5 (3.7)8 (12.7)0.017Articular involvement, n (%)57 (41.9)55 (87.3)<0.001Positive anti-Ro/SS-A, n (%)77 (56.6)46 (73.0)0.021Positive anti-La/SS-B, n (%)40 (29.4)25 (39.7)0.151Low C3, n (%)11(8.1)10 (15.9)0.096ANA: Antinuclear antibodies, Anti-SSA:Anti-Sjögren’s syndrome type A antibodies, AntiSSB: Anti-Sjögren’s syndrome type B antibodiesAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

Les relations d’amitié constituent un ressort fréquent des trames narratives dans les albums de jeunesse qui mettent en scène un personnage en situation de handicap. Toutefois, certains troubles des personnages peuvent rendre plus difficiles ces interactions sociales. Aussi, après un état de l’art qui permet de rendre compte de la manière dont l’amitié est perçue et vécue par les enfants avec un TSA, l’objectif de cet article est-il d’analyser les relations aux pairs des personnages avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. Le corpus comprend quatorze albums de jeunesse, publiés en France entre 2011 et 2022, qui abordent la question de l’amitié entre un personnage avec des troubles du spectre de l’autisme et ses pairs. Les résultats présentent les caractéristiques des personnages avec TSA (dont la variété des manifestations du trouble) et celles de leurs camarades ou amis, avant d’examiner la qualité de la relation d’amitié, selon les variables inspirées de la Friendship Quality Scale (la camaraderie, l’entraide, le réconfort, l’intimité et l’absence de conflit). Hormis quelques exceptions, les trames narratives privilégient le registre didactique et offrent une vision relativement apaisée du trouble du spectre de l’autisme.

Abstract After the November 2015 terror attacks in Paris, the French government reacted swiftly by declaring a state of emergency. This state of emergency remained in place for over two years before it was ended in November 2017, only after being replaced by the new anti-terror legislation. The attacks as well as the government’s reactions evoked parallels to 9/11 and its aftermath. This is a puzzling observation when taking into consideration that the Bush administration’s reactions have been criticized harshly and that the US ‘War on Terror’ (WoT) was initially considered a serious failure in France. We can assume that this adaption of the discourse and practices stems from a successful establishment of the WoT macro-securitization. By using Securitization Theory, we outline the development of this macro-securitization by comparing its current manifestation in France against the backdrop of its origins in the US after 9/11. We analysed securitizing moves in the discourses, as well as domestic and international emergency measure policies. We find extensive similarities with view of both; yet there are differing degrees of securitizing terrorism and the institutionalisation of the WoT in the two states. This suggests that the WoT narrative is still dominant internationally to frame the risk of terrorism as an existential threat, thus enabling repressive actions and the obstruction of a meaningful debate about the underlying problems causing terrorism in the first place.

Gingival bleeding (GB) is a common sign of gingival inflammation which indicates the presence of periodontal diseases. This cross-sectional multicenter survey aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported gingival bleeding (SRGB) in French adults and identify the main associated factors. A questionnaire-based interview was randomly proposed to 794 individuals in four French cities (Nancy, Montpellier, Paris, and Rennes). Subjects were recruited in preventive medicine centers (50%), railway stations, and malls (50%). The questionnaire comprised 25 items: SRGB characteristics, socioeconomic variables, oral hygiene habits, use of drugs, and anxiety level. The overall prevalence of SRGB was 63.2% [59.8%; 66.6%], with 58.7% bleeding after toothbrushing and 4.5% spontaneous bleeding. Males reported significantly lower SRGB prevalence than females (p = 0.04). The distribution of SRGB frequency was inversely proportional to age (p < 0.0001). No association between drug use and SRGB was found. The people interviewed in the preventive medicine centers reported the highest frequency of SRGB (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic model, SRGB was significantly related to occupation, smoking status, brushing frequency, and anxiety level. In conclusion, SRGB was prevalent in more than half of the sample and was mainly associated with age, toothbrushing frequency, and anxiety level. Thus, providing information to patients about the importance of this oral manifestation may play an important role in preventing periodontal diseases.

AbstractFirst published in Paris in 1706, the ›Nouveau Traité de toute l’architecture ou l’art de Bastir‹ by Jean-Louis de Cordemoy marked a provocatively unprecedented point of view in the panorama of 18th century architectural theories. Through a critical revision of the excesses of the Baroque, which was considered the last rhetorical public manifestation of the Ancien Régime, and in the name of a logical renewal of design, the work immediately became the focus of a broad cultural debate, which continued until 1713 in a polemic with Amédée François Frézier. Revolutionary in its challenge to the Vitruvian orthodoxy, the Nouveau Traité developed the search for a Greek-Gothic architectural ideal, which, in a comparison between classical and modern, was realized in the querelle des Anciens et des Modernes and developed in France in the effort to define a ›national‹ architectural style. As precursor and inspiration for the aesthetics of Marc-Antoine Laugier, Cordemoy subjected adornment to the laws of bienséance and was a harbinger of the modern functionalist language – the principles of simplification of surfaces, a rigorous volumetric study that anticipated what in later decades would result in stereometric purity of Enlightenment experiments.

French-American relations certainly are among the most complex and at the same time most controversial in French foreign policy. The main factors that determine the nature of relations between France and the US include culture. A few features can be pointed out here to demonstrate their unique nature. Firstly, the importance of anti-American sentiments and Francophobia (anti-French sentiments) should be emphasized. The roots of these broadly shared attitudes may be sought both in the past (the experiences ofWWIand WWII) as well as in the present political relations between the two countries. The French nation is generally critical of American foreign policy, the US social and economic system. In the USA, in turn, we come across a similar attitude of Francophobia. This mainly stems from the commonly shared image of France as a difficult, chaotic and unpredictable ally. While anti-American sentiments and Francophobia do not translate into political decisions made either in Washington or Paris, they still influence the atmosphere of mutual relations, as became apparent when American restaurant owners boycotted French wines during the Iraqi crisis. At the same time, though, both nations recognize each other’s achievements in such fields as culture, art or human rights. Secondly, the “conflict of universalism” described by Stanley Hoffman is worth noting. As both countries deem themselves to be the cradle of such universal values as liberty, equality, justice and human rights, they both assign themselves with a unique status among other countries. It is true that the repertoire of values France and the US represent is nearly identical, yet they are frequently understood differently on both sides of the Atlantic. Thirdly, the French-American relations are also profoundly influenced by the common French belief in France being an exceptional and powerful country. The national perspective and the manifestation of France’s privileged position in the international arena are to a significant degree present in their relations with the US. Ezra Suleiman, among others, observed that the French political elite were allergic to any forms of political, economic or cultural domination. Other issues that influence the state of French-American relations concern differences in the economic or social system, or the role of religion in the life of the state.

Abstract Introduction: malaria is one of the most frequent hematological diseases worldwide. Because the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum develops mainly in red blood cells (RBC), splenic retention of infected and uninfected RBC is likely a key player in the variable susceptibility of humans to malaria. Age and ethnicity are important determinants of the manifestations of malaria in Africa (Reyburn JAMA 2005, Dolo Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; Greenwood Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1987; Torcia PNAS 2008), Asia (Price Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001), and in travelers (Seringe Emerg Infect Dis 2011). We had speculated that variations in the splenic sensing of RBC contribute to the innate protection/susceptibility of infants against distinct forms of severe malaria and to the pathogenesis of chronic malaria (Buffet Curr Opin Hematol 2009; Buffet Blood 2011). Here, we explore the deformability and morphology of circulating RBC in populations living in a malaria-endemic area. Materials and methods: experiments were embedded in an integrated study driven by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, which aims at the identification of genetic, epidemiologic and anthropologic determinants of susceptibility to malaria. IRB approval was obtained from Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées, Benin. Clinical and biological data were collected at the beginning of the rainy season from 627 individuals, belonging to 4 different ethnic groups living in sympatry in Atakora, North Benin and included age, gender, ethnicity, body temperature, presence and grade of splenomegaly, rapid diagnostic test for malaria (RDT), thick film and rapid hemoglobin determination with HemoCue©. Venous blood was collected for determination of RBC morphology and deformability. Using microsphiltration, a RBC filtering method that uses microsphere layers to mimic the mechanical retention of RBC in the splenic red pulp (Deplaine Blood 2011) we quantified the ability of a mix of labeled and non-labeled RBCs to squeeze between calibrated slits, results being expressed as retention or enrichment rates (RER) of subject's RBC compared to normal RBC (from a single French O-positive donor) stored in blood bank conditions. Microsphiltration has been adapted to high-throughput experimentation using microplates (Duez AAC 2015). Experiments were performed in a field laboratory established on site; microplates were prepared in Paris and brought to North Benin in luggage with constant care to avoid shocks during transportation. All RBC samples were filtered in triplicate less than 8 hours after blood collection. Up- and downstream samples were brought back to France at 4°C in sealed micro-well plates and analyzed for individual RER calculation in the next 2 weeks by flow cytometry. Results: over 10 days, 262 adults and 249 children were included, 31% Bariba, 17% Gando (genetically related to Bariba), 24% Otamari, 27% Peulhs. Prevalences of splenomegaly, positive RDT, and fever were 13%, 27%, and 2%, respectively. Of 629 blood samples collected, 511 could be analyzed. RER of controls remained stable with time and across 17 microfiltering plates, with a median (IQR) retention rate of 12% (5% - 21%). Ethnicity and age were the only two factors associated with statistically significant differences in RER (figures 1 and 2). Infants (less than 2 year-old) had a more important enrichment than older children and adults (median in 2 years old or less 287%; 3 to 5 years 103%; 6 to 10 years: 64%; more than ten years: 91%; p=0.0161). Peulhs and Otamari also had higher median enrichment rates than Bariba and Gando (RER: 122% and 118%, 75%, 64%, respectively; p=0.0246). Conversely, splenomegaly, gender, positivity of RDT or anemia at the time of sampling were not associated with RER. Discussion: higher averaged enrichment rates in specific ethnic subgroups, namely Peulhs and Otamari, likely result from a more stringent splenic retention, leaving more deformable RBC in circulation. An innate spleen-RBC interaction process was also observed in infants, which is consistent with the higher incidence of severe malarial anemia and splenomegaly observed in this population (Reyburn JAMA 2005; Price Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001). Our results show that innate factors (e.g. ethnicity and age) tend to influence the deformability of RBC, and therefore the phenotypic expression of malaria in Africa. Ongoing experiments aim at deciphering the mechanisms responsible for these differences. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

L’AFTAA, Association Française des Techniciens de l’Alimentation Animale et l’AFZ, Association Française de Zootechnie ont organisé conjointement une journée de formation-information consacrée à la nutrition en phosphore des principales espèces animales d’intérêt zootechnique.* L’objectif de cette journée a été d’actualiser les connaissances scientifiques tant dans le domaine des besoins nutritionnels des animaux que dans celui de la caractérisation de l’apport alimentaire de phosphore, la dernière manifestation de ce type en France datant de plus de vingt ans. Ces mises au point ont été complétées par des exposés plus généraux sur les flux de phosphore et l’élaboration industrielle des phosphates alimentaires. Les thèmes abordés lors de cette journée n’ont pas fait l’objet, à l’époque, d’une productionécrite spécifique. Ce numéro spécial de INRA Productions Animales a le mérite de rassembler la totalité des textes correspondants et constitue en cela un ouvrage de référence original dans la littérature scientifique en nutrition appliquée aux animaux d’élevage. Nous tenons à exprimer notre reconnaissance aux auteurs (et aux relecteurs) pour avoir accepté ce surcroît de travail nécessaire à une plus large diffusion des informations récentes et originales sur le sujet. * «Valorisation des connaissances nouvelles sur la nutrition en phosphore des animaux domestiques» INA PG Paris, 29 janvier 2004.

The article considers mnemotoponymic phraseological units of the modern French language, i.e. the phraseological units which include topocomponents which not only are used for geographical objects naming but also have apparent cultural-historical or socio-economic associations performing memorial function. The term mnemotoponym (Greek mnêmê - “memory”) is suggested for their core component naming. Mnemotoponyms within French phraseological units are subdivided according to their origin into autochthonous (e.g. l’enfer de Verdun, ça tombait comme à Gravelotte) and allochthonous (un procès de Moscou, aller à Baden-Baden). It is also suggested to classify mnemotoponymic phraseological units by their event indication, i.e. those events captured by historical memory in the metaphorical core of a certain phraseological unit. Those may be glorious military victories and inglorious defeats, large-scale disasters, major and minor events in the history of France and the whole world: soldats de Valmy, le soleil d’Austerlitz, c’est la Bérézina, soûl comme toute la Pologne, souvienstoi du vase de Soissons, le débarquement de Normandie, partir à Tataouine, Paris brûle-t-il? etc. The aim of the article is to estimate the layer of these phraseological units and demonstrate the possibility of their classification, present their potential in terms of historical memory manifestation and translation through the French phraseological fund.

The article is devoted to one of the enigmatic compositions by French romantic composer Cesar Franck Three Chorales for Large Organ (1890). The traditional chorale arrangements are built on original church chants, which spread its connotation on all the parameters of the composition’s musical texture – tonality, musical-lexical units, rhythm, etc. The uniqueness of Franck’s chorales lies in the absence in them of direct quotations from liturgical practice, which provides a greater amount of complexity in the ways of interpreting this cycle. The main goal of the article is to find the semantic mechanisms based on an integrated approach, which includes the semiotic, hermeneutic, iconographic and iconological methods of analysis. Given Franck’s ability of drawing and his many years of working as a church organist of the Catholic church of St. Clotilde in Paris (Basilique Sainte-Clotilde), the author of the article notes the synesthesia quality of his musical thinking manifested in this work. The music of the chorales relies not on a textual-musical basis, but on spatial-visual iconography, which can be regarded as a manifestation of the synthesis of the arts, characteristic of the Romanticist composers of the 19th century. The author of the article puts forward the following assumption – that the cycle reflects the main doctrinal images of Christ, in terms of their spatial arrangement within the premises of the Catholic Church, according to the canon of the iconic scenario. The semantic structure of the work is based on the three-dimensional semantics of the premises of the church, symbolizing human beings’ path towards God.

Abstract Abstract 1802 Schnitzler syndrome is a rare plasma cell disorder which is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal IgM component in association with a chronic urticarial skin rash and at least 2 of the following criteria: fever, joint and/or bone pain, organomegaly (enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and/or liver), increased neutrophil counts and increased ESR. Abnormal bone findings with imaging evidence of osteosclerosis are also frequent. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear and there is no information on bone remodeling and angiogenesis in these patients. To address this issue we studied 13 patients (12M/1F, median age 55 years, range: 39–79 years) with a well characterized Schnitzler syndrome. Patients were diagnosed between 1989 and 2009 and were treated and followed in Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (France) and in the University of Athens (Greece). We evaluated the following serum indices of bone remodeling and angiogenesis at diagnosis and after treatment: i) osteoclast regulators [soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)]; ii) osteoblast inhibitor dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1); iii) bone resorption marker C-telopeptide of collagen type-1 (CTX); iv) bone formation markers [bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and osteocalcin (OC)]; and v) angiogenic cytokines [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin (ang), angiopoietin (angp)-1 and -2]. The above molecules were also measured in 24 gender- and age-matched controls. All patients presented with urticaria and monoclonal IgM(kappa) component (median M-peak 0.79 g/dl; range 0.1–2.36 g/dl), while 10 (76%) patients had fever, 9 (69%) had joint and/or bone pain, 5 (38%) had lymphadenopathy and 2 (15%) had splenomegaly. Four patients had documented sclerotic bone lesions in plain X-rays. A technetium bone scintigraphy was performed in 11 patients; all of them had high uptake in at least one site. At diagnosis, 11/13 patients received various symptomatic therapies, including low dose corticosteroids that were ineffective. Two patients at diagnosis and 6 after initial symptomatic therapy were treated with the quinolone antibiotic pefloxacin, while 7 patients were treated with the interleukin-1 inhibitor anakinra (including 3 previously treated by pefloxacine) usually with a complete and sustained efficacy on clinical manifestations of the disease. In a median follow up time of 10 years (range 1–20 years), 3 patients developed overt Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) at 5, 7 and 20 years post diagnosis. At diagnosis patients had increased serum levels of bALP (mean±SD: 36.5±15.0 IU/L vs. 26.8±7.1 IU/L; p=0.049), osteocalcin (20.5±18.6 ng/ml vs. 7.4±3.5 ng/ml; p<0.001), Dkk-1 (49.9±13.0 pmol/L vs. 30.9±11.1 pmol/L; p<0.001) and OPG (6.7±1.3 pmol/L vs. 3.5±1.8; p<0.001) compared to controls, while there were no differences between patients and controls for sRANKL and CTX. The increase of Dkk-1 may suggest a balance effect on osteoblast increased activity, while the lack of increase in osteoclast function is in accordance with data on idiopathic osteosclerosis. At diagnosis, patients had also elevated VEGF (809±598 pg/ml vs. 263±257 pg/ml; p=0.001) and ang (221±96 ng/ml vs. 169±33; p=0.013) and decreased angp-1 (18.7±9.1 ng/ml vs. 25.4±10.9 ng/ml; p=0.048) and angp-1/angp-2 ratio (13.9±8.7 vs. 63.4±102.1; p=0.005). Patients presenting with fever had reduced angp-1 levels (14.8±5.2 ng/ml) compared to others (32.7±10.3 ng/ml; p=0.03). Interestingly, patients who progressed to WM had also decreased levels of angp-1 (10.2±7.5 ng/ml) compared to others (21.2±8.2 ng/ml; p=0.04) and angp-1/angp-2 ratio (5.3±4.6 vs. 16.5±8.0; p=0.04), suggesting that low angp-1/angp-2 ratio at diagnosis, which reflects increased angiogenesis, may indicate a predisposition for evolution of the gammopathy towards an overt WM. After successful treatment, VEGF levels decreased (387±207 pg/ml) compared to baseline (770±456 pg/ml; p=0.04). In conclusion our analysis shows increased serum levels of angiogenic cytokines in Schnitzler syndrome and documents enhanced bone formation which appears not to be balanced by a comparable increase in bone resorption; this result may explain the presence of sclerotic bone lesions in this entity. Successful therapy with either anakinra or pefloxacin is associated with reduction of the major angiogenic cytokine VEGF. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The consolidation of the Soviet state in 1922 and the activities of Soviet diplomacy in the key international forums had a direct impact on the strategic situation in Europe. The eventual strengthening of Soviet Russia/the USSR was both a threat and an opportunity for France as one of the leading European powers of that period, which had obligations and interests in Central and Eastern Europe. The author aims to identify the main approaches of French diplomats and the military to a set of issues related to the possible development of Soviet Russia in 1922 and its place in the European balance of power. The study is based on a wide range of primary sources from the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, the National Archives of France, the Historical Service of the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the Fifth Republic, as well as on recently published French diplomatic and military documents. The author concludes that the French elites had a rather ambiguous attitude towards the process and the first results of political consolidation and socio-economic development of the Soviet state. On the one hand, the formation of the USSR was an obvious manifestation of the growing Soviet power that somewhat diminished the hopes of French officials for the imminent fall of the Bolsheviks. At the same time, diplomats and the military both in Paris and on-site were often skeptical about the prospects for the development of the Soviet economy, noting the catastrophic consequences of hunger, economic and financial ruin. Moderate optimism about the opportunity to intensify trade and economic contacts with Soviet Russia as its economy recovers coexisted with pronounced pessimism. The French assessments of the military potential of the Soviet state were marked by the same ambivalence. The acknowledgement of the current limited capabilities of the Red Army and the Red Fleet was accompanied by the growing recognition that the basis of the military power of the Soviet state had not been undermined. All this could help Moscow improve its international stance in the future, which would inevitably affect the balance of power in Europe. Under these circumstances, the French elites debated the prospects for the ‘normalization’ of the Bolshevik regime and its incorporation into the Versailles order. The author argues that all these contradictory attitudes, views and assessments that surfaced in 1922 to a large extent predetermined the overall direction and specific content of the French policy towards the USSR in the following years.

Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Paryżu przechowuje zespół nr 36 — Listy do prymasa Polski Józefa Glempa. Jest to korespondencja Francuzów skierowana do polskiego hierarchy kościelnego, w której potępiono wprowadzenie stanu wojennego w Polsce i wyrażono duchowe wsparcie dla wszystkich Polaków — braci i sióstr w wierze katolickiej. Akcja pisania takich listów wsparcia została zainicjowana przez katolicki dziennik „La Croix” i stanowiła element ogólnofrancuskiej manifestacji poparcia dla społeczeństwa polskiego. Treść korespondencji obok szablonowego tekstu zredagowanego przez „La Croix” stanowią również teksty indywidualne, wyrażające emocjonalny stosunek do Polaków i do wydarzeń dziejących się w Polsce. W artykule zebrano te listy, które odnoszą się do wspomnień z czasów II wojny światowej i pobytów w obozach koncentracyjnych. Byli jeńcy francuscy opisali w nich swoje kontakty ze współwięźniami polskimi, podkreślając ich heroizm i wiarę w Boga. The letters of French citizens to primate Glemp from the years 1981–1982 in the collection of the Polish Catholic Mission Archive in France The Polish Catholic Mission Archive in Paris is home to fond no. 36: Letters to Polish primate Józef Glemp. It comprises letters sent by French citizens to the Polish Catholic Church dignitary, in which they condemn the introduction of martial law in Poland and express spiritual support for all Poles — brothers and sisters in the Catholic faith. The letter writing campaign was initiated by the Catholic paper “La Croix”, and was an element of a broader manifestation of French support for Poles. Beside template letters based on the text published in “La Croix”, the fond also includes personal messages, expressing an emotional attitude to Poles and to the events taking place in Poland. The paper discusses those letters whose authors reminisce on the Second World War and their experiences in concentration camps. Former French prisoners of war describe their relations with Polish prisoners, emphasizing their heroism and faith in God.

Background: Ten months after its appearance in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 25 million patients worldwide. Because children were first identified as potential spreaders of the virus, schools were closed in several countries. However, it rapidly became evident that the number of hospitalized children infected by SARS-CoV-2 was dramatically lower than that of adults. To date, only hypotheses have been raised to explain this difference, so it is of great importance to describe the presentation of this disease among children. Here, we describe a wide spectrum of COVID-19 manifestation in children in a dedicated pediatric unit in France. Methods: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who were diagnosed on the basis of either positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and/or typical aspects in chest-computed tomography (CT) were included between March and May 2020 in Paris. Results: Twenty-three patients were included on the basis of positive RT-PCR (n = 20) and/or typical aspects in CT (n = 4). The median age was 4.9 years [0.1–17.6]. Patients were grouped by age (<2 years old: n = 14, 61%; 2–10 years old: n = 2, 9%; >10 years old: n = 7, 30%). Overweight or obesity was reported in only three patients. At presentation, the most frequent symptom in the overall cohort was fever (n = 18, 78%), followed by acute rhinitis (n = 9, 64%) and cough (n = 7, 50%) in the under 2-year-old group and cough (n = 4, 57%), fatigue, dyspnea and abdominal pain (n = 3, 43% each) in the over 10-year-old group. Five patients required ICU treatment, four of whom were aged >10 years, two presented with acute myocarditis, and two were sickle cell disease patients who presented with acute chest syndrome. Discussion and conclusion: The youngest patients seem to present milder forms of COVID-19 without the need for ICU treatment and with a shorter length of hospitalization. More severe evolutions were observed in teenagers, with, however, favorable outcomes. Given the context of closed schools and confinement, the infection of these children suggests intra-familial transmission that needs to be further assessed. This description might help to understand the intriguing differences in COVID-19 severity across age-classes.

The Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920, signed between Estonia and Soviet Russia, has been credited with laying the foundation for stability in Eastern Europe in the interwar period. Ants Piip, a member of the Estonian delegation at Tartu, attributed this achievement to the equitable character of the agreement, comparing it favourably with the Treaty of Versailles, widely seen as a dictated peace already in the immediate aftermath of its signature. A similar view was expounded by the Soviet government, which portrayed the Tartu Peace Treaty as an expression of the principles underlying the November Revolution. It especially emphasised the self-determination of peoples, proclaimed repeatedly by the Soviet government as a sine qua non for a just peace. According to the Soviet narrative, the principle of selfdetermination had been hailed by the Entente only to be later betrayed at the Paris Peace Conference. The Tartu Peace Treaty, where the principle of self-determination figured prominently in Article II, thus became, in this telling, an ideological counter model to the results of the Paris Peace Conference. Despite their anti-Bolshevik outlook, Estonian diplomats and politicians inclined towards a comparable interpretation: they had accepted the Soviet peace proposal, with the offer to recognise their right to selfdetermination and independent statehood, only after the Allies had failed to live up to their promises at Paris. The refence to the principle of self-determination in the Tartu Peace Treaty has not received much attention from historians. As Lauri Mälksoo has noted, it remains a well-nigh forgotten chapter in the history of international law. Mälksoo argued that the reference is all the more noteworthy since the Soviet government gave the principle a remarkably wide scope, joining to it the right to secession, which was not yet enshrined in general international law at the time. Assuming that the principle of selfdetermination was mentioned in the Tartu Peace Treaty at the initiative of the Soviet side, Mälksoo suggested two motives that might have prompted it: the need to recognise the fait accompli of Estonian independence, and the wish to justify within Russia itself the decision to relinquish territories that had formerly belonged to the Tsarist Empire. This article shows that the Estonian side was also keen to refer to the principle of self-determination, quite independently of Soviet wishes, as demonstrated by a draft peace treaty drawn up two months prior to the start of the Tartu negotiations by a commission of experts convened by the Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs. This fact is indicative of the broader diplomatic significance that the Estonian delegation – and its head, Jaan Poska, in particular – attached to peace talks with the Bolsheviks. The article demonstrates that Poska did not start the negotiations in December of 1919 with the sõle aim of signing a peace treaty with Soviet Russia. Just as important, if not more so, was the prospect of using the talks to convince the Entente to recognise Estonian independence de jure. The Estonian government had founded its claim to international recognition on the principle of self-determination. Upon the outbreak of the Bolshevik revolution, the Estonian Provisional Assembly had availed itself of the Soviet decree proclaiming the right of all peoples of Russia to selfdetermination, including secession and the formation of a separate state. Without being confident in the resolve of the Soviet government to adhere to the letter of its public pronouncements, Estonian politicians nonetheless saw the usefulness of invoking the decree, since the latter could be seen as ratifying Estonia’s decision to secede from Russia. They were already positioning themselves vis-à-vis the Entente Powers, whose freedom to recognise the nascent republic was constrained by rules of international law regarding the validity of secession. The principle of self-determination had great value for a seceding state, especially in circumstances where the mother country did not have a lawful government and was thus unable to consent to any separation of territories (as Russia was regarded in the eyes of most governments at the end of 1917). The Estonian position was buttressed by a string of diplomatic statements made by the Entente Powers in 1918, assuring Estonia that its status would be determined at a forthcoming peace conference in accordance with the principle of self-determination. Such assurances filled Estonian diplomats with great optimism when they set out for the Paris Peace Conference at the beginning of 1919. The principle of self-determination was tantamount to independence in their mind. It was therefore with growing disappointment that they observed the unwillingness of France and Great Britain to recognise their independence at Paris, intent as the latter were to reconstitute their former eastern ally. This is not to say that Estonian claims were completely ignored. British politicians did not think that they were failing to honour their promises when offering Estonia internationally guaranteed autonomy, under the aegis of the League of Nations, instead of independence. Autonomy did not satisfy Estonians, however, who were canvassing all options at their disposal to arrive at their aim. The quest for ‘other ways’, beginning in earnest in the summer of 1919, has been mostly interpreted by scholars as a decision to reach a peace settlement with the Bolsheviks. The article shows that the Estonian strategy was more multi-faceted. International recognition remained their chief aim, and their receptiveness to Bolshevik peace feelers should be seen in this light. The emphasis placed on the principle of self-determination from the very start of negotiations with Soviet Russia in September of 1919 was a part of this Western-directed diplomatic approach. The Bolsheviks had their own aims in mind when foregrounding this principle. The consternation that the Treaty of Versailles had caused in Germany offered them an opportunity to depict the Paris Peace Conference as the latest manifestation of Great Power imperialism, to which the Soviet proposal of a ‘democratic peace’ (no annexations, no contributions, self-determination to all peoples) was allegedly the only viable alternative. The peace talks between Estonia and Soviet Russia were thus caught in an ideological struggle between the Soviet government and the Western Allies concerning ‘just peace’. But they also fitted in with the – apparently contrary – Soviet strategy of abandoning outright military aggression and preparing the ground for ‘peaceful coexistence’ with capitalist states, with a view to buttressing the Soviet regime economically. The reference to the principle of self-determination in the Tartu Peace Treaty can be explained by all the considerations mentioned above. The Estonians had their sights set on reinforcing their international status by tying it to the principle. The Bolsheviks were showcasing their adherence to ‘democratic peace’ and contrasting their favourable attitude to small peoples with the hypocrisy of the Great Powers (the fact that it was Soviet Russia that had initiated the war with unprovoked military aggression in 1918 was conveniently ignored). Moreover, on a less public level, Soviet Russia was signalling that it was willing to consent to self-determination in the Russian borderlands in order to reach an agreement with its Western foes, and that it would rely on the long-term superiority of the Bolshevik system in lieu of head-to-head collision with capitalist states. In this last sense, the Treaty of Tartu marks a strategic turn for the Soviet government that became so consequential for the 20th century that the treaty with Estonia acquires truly foundational significance.

The article considers the second edition of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novel “The New Commandment” (1947), written for the first time in 1932. The author of the book translated it into French together with his wife after the end of World War II. The purpose of the work and the tasks dictated by it are to analyse the “French” novel “The New Commandment” by Volodymyr Vynnychenko in the paradigm of modernist aesthetics, to reveal the main philosophical ideas and aesthetic functions of the novel, to identify elements of intertextual memory, and to understand the influence of the book by Ukrainian dissident Viktor Kravchenko “I Chose Freedom” (1946). The set of goals determines the need to use hermeneutical (analysis of artistic text), comparative-typological (comparison of philosophical novel various functions), historical-literary (solution of a number of literary problems in the context of various national literatures) research methods. Vynnychenko’s work is analysed in the paradigm of the “Transcendent Homelessness” philosophical concept, introduced into scientific discourse by the Hungarian philosopher and literary theorist D. Lukach in his Hegelian-Weber essay “The Theory of the Novel” (1916), where he quotes the German romantic, a representative of the Jena school, Novalis: “Philosophy is homesickness – the desire to be at home everywhere”. In the study of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s contribution to European modernism in the interwar era, the author pays attention to the key thesis of the trans-cultural theory, which touches such disciplines as anthropology, sociology and political science. Particular attention is paid to the genesis and specificity of the philosophical and figurative system of one of the key “French” texts by Volodymyr Vynnychenko. The leading aesthetic components and means of forming philosophical and ideologicalpolitical paradigms of the work are also determined. The French aristocracy had a great debate on “The New Commandment”. In April 1949, the translation was published in one of the Paris publishing houses (Nouveau Commandemant. Paris: Editions des Presses du Temps Present). The French literary critics of the time responded favourably to the publication of the Ukrainian author’s book, and the literary and artistic society “Club de Faubourg” already on 10th May 1949, arranged a massive discussion of “The New Commandment”, which testified to the approving attitude towards the author. At the same time, another well-known French artist club “Arts-Sciences-Lettres”, awarded Volodymyr Vynnychenko with an honorary diploma and a silver medal. On 21st July 1949, the prestigious Parisian weekly bulletin “Le Nuvelle Litterere” responded to this fact where noticed that after Shevchenko and Marko Vovchok, Volodymyr Vynnychenko is the first Ukrainian writer whose novels have been responded to by French audience. In this regard, it is noted that the philosophical foundations of Vynnychenko’s novel organically fit into the “spiritual crisis” European discussions of those times. We have studied philosophical character manifestation peculiarities in the genre of novel-dialogue, novel-polemic, which are widely represented in the “French” prose of the Ukrainian artist and are closely connected with the French literary tradition. It is proved that, having spent almost the last thirty years of his life in France, the Ukrainian writer seems to aim at identifying common thematic, aesthetic, philosophical and ideological paradigms that go beyond mononational boundaries, and demonstrates that Ukrainian emigrant artists were participants in pan-European literary modernism, although for the most part it concerns Volodymyr Vynnychenko himself, as well as Yu. Kosach, I. Kostetskyi, A. Arkhipenko, A. Ekster, A. Manevich, I. Pune, A. Boguslavskaya, M. Glushchenko. Particular attention is paid to the genre experiment of Vynnychenko, in particular, the philosophical and political novel with such poetic features as the presentation and discussion of concordist theory, the use of such a modernist technique as “a novel within a novel”, the constant inclusion of various discursive forms of concordism discussion. The critical optics of the study combines the historical and philosophical specificity of the era of the interwar twenties, on which the novels of Volodymyr Vynnychenko are based, as well as the national identity of the Ukrainian writer and his biographical individuality.

Background:Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has emerged in recent series as a key prognostic factor including survival. The big challenge for rheumatologists is now the risk-stratification of RA patients for ILD. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the gold standard for RA-ILD diagnosis, but costs and ionizing radiation may limit its use in clinical practice. Thus, circulating biomarkers could aid in this risk-stratification.Objectives:to evaluate the merit of 3 circulating markers for the diagnosis and the progression of RA-ILD.Methods:We included consecutive patients with RA, >18 years of age, from 3 tertiary rheumatology centers (Paris, France, Tokyo, Japan and Zurich, Switzerland) over a 36-month period. All patients had at least one chest HRCT during the inclusion period. In the subset of French patients with ILD, HRCT lung images were obtained both at baseline (time of blood sample collection) and at a follow-up visit. The ILD status of patients with RA was established by chest HRCT. The chest HRCT pattern was classified as usual interstitial pneumonia, UIP or non-specific interstitial pneumonia, NSIP, by the local radiologist. Serum levels oflung epithelial-derived surfactant protein D, SDP, CCL-18 etKrebs von den Lungen-6 glycoprotein, KL-6 were measured by ELISA.Results:147 patients were included (age: 66+/-12 ans, 69% of women, disease duration 11+/-10 years). Among these patients, 40 (27%) had fibrosing ILD on HRCT: 21 had a UIP pattern, 17 a NSIP pattern, and 2 had NSIP associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.SPD (21.91+/-2.17vs.15.76+/-1.34 ng/mL, p=0.017) CCL18 (102+/-13vs.78+/-5 ng/mL, p=0.026) and KL6 (961+/-128vs.376+/-26 U/mL, p<0.001) concentrations (Figure 1A-C) were significantly higher in patients with RA-ILDvs.unaffected RA patients. KL6 values ​​were also higher in patients with UIP compared to the other HRCT patterns and in patients with lesion extension> 15% as compared to patients with milder disease. ROC curve analysis to assess the diagnostic abilities of the three markers for the diagnosis of RA-ILD showed a superiority of KL-6 (Area under the curve, AUC: 0.79 95% CI 0.72-0.86) compared to SPD (AUC: 0.66 95% CI 0.58-0.74) and CCL18 (AUC: 0.62, 95% CI 0.53-0.70) (Figure 1D). The sensitivity of KL-6 for the diagnosis of RA-ILD was 68% with a specificity of 83%. In the French subset with longitudinal data (n=15), extension of ILD was detected on 7 patients. Baseline KL6 serum levels were significantly increased in patients who experienced ILD progression (1987+/-1294 vs. 799+/-375 U/mL, p=0.027) (Figure 1E). The degree of ILD progression on HRCT was also proportional to baseline KL-6 concentrations (Figure 1F).Conclusion:KL-6 is relevant for the diagnosis and the prognosis of RA-ILD. It may be used as a circulating non-invasive first-line marker to stratify for indication of HRCT. Indeed, given the emerging lung issues in RA patients, this simple and highly reproducible marker, which is already available in routine care in some countries, could be a good prerequisite to chest HRCT in rheumatology clinics.Figure 1A-F.Concentrations of serum markers, diagnostic value and performance of KL-6 for the progression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease A-C,Concentrations of SPD (ng/mL) (A), CCL18 (ng/mL) (B) and KL-6 (U/mL) (C) in patients with with or without RA-associated ILD.D,ROC curve illustrating the diagnostic value of SPD, CCL18 and KL-6 for diagnosis of RA-ILD.E,Concentrations of KL-6 (U/mL) according to the progression on chest HRCT of RA-ILD.F,Degree of mean ILD progression on chest HRCT according to baseline KL-6 concentrations. *p<0.05 and **** p <0.0001 by Student’s t testDisclosure of Interests:Jérôme Avouac Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Consultant of: Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Boerhinger, Nordic Pharma, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb Abbvie, MSD, Pfizer, Nordic Pharma, Alexia Steelandt: None declared, Anne Cauvet: None declared, Yuichiro Shirai: None declared, Masataka Kuwana Grant/research support from: Acetelion, Consultant of: Acetelion, Bayer, Chugai, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, CSL Behring and Reata Pharmaceuticals. He was a member of the SENSCIS trial Steering Committee (Boehringer Ingelheim), Oliver Distler Grant/research support from: Grants/Research support from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Competitive Drug Development International Ltd. and Mitsubishi Tanabe; he also holds the issued Patent on mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (US8247389, EP2331143)., Consultant of: Consultancy fees from Actelion, Acceleron Pharma, AnaMar, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer, CSL Behring, Catenion, ChemomAb, Curzion Pharmaceuticals, Ergonex, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Sanofi and UCB, Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Pfizer and Roche, Yannick Allanore Shareholder of: Sanofi, Roche, Consultant of: Actelion, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Inventiva, Sanofi

Treatment advances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as the development of new biomarkers and technologies to enhance monitoring of the disease and response to treatment, are providing new possibilities in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Awareness of the impact of IBD on patients beyond clinical endpoints is also increasing, including the prevalence and extent of extra-intestinal manifestations, psychological issues, and nutritional deficiencies. This means that the role of physicians in IBD is more important than ever, with continuous investigation required for every patient and a wealth of considerations to take into account when deciding on the most suitable treatment approach to undertake. For this article, the European Medical Journal conducted a series of interviews with five key opinion leaders from across Europe, each with a wealth of experience and expertise in managing IBD, to gain their perspectives on a range of topics in this area. From the UK, we spoke to Dr Ian Arnott, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; from Spain, Dr Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Gastroenterology Department, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; from Germany, Prof Eduard Stange, Internal Medicine I – Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; from Italy, Prof Antonio Tursi, Gastroenterology Service, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Barletta Andria Trani, Andria, Italy; and from France, Prof Frank Ruemmele, Professor of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty of the Université Sorbonne, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. The article begins by discussing monitoring of treatment response and detection of extra-intestinal manifestations, followed by considerations in making treatment decisions before outlining novel therapy options in both UC and CD. Optimal use of anti-TNF therapy, the impact and challenge of psychological issues in IBD, and nutrition and diet in this disease are also explored.

Pendant plus de dix ans, dès 2008 jusqu’à ces toutes dernières années, un réseau dense de relations scientifiques s’est tissé entre la Maison des sciences de l’homme d’Aquitaine (MSHA) à Bordeaux et la Maison A. F. Losev à Moscou. La genèse de cette collaboration remonte à de grandes manifestations scientifiques internationales, par exemple, le colloque organisé à Bordeaux en septembre 2008 « L’œuvre d’A. F. Losev dans le contexte de la culture européenne », qui a joué le rôle de lancement de cette coopération scientifique. Le travail conduit en commun s’est ensuite concrétisé par l’organisation d’un séminaire franco-russe en philosophie avec des séances organisées à Bordeaux, à Paris et à Moscou, et par de nombreuses publications communes parues en France et en Russie. Cette collaboration scientifique a pu s’appuyer d’abord sur des liens personnels qui s’étaient établis entre les chercheurs français et russes. Comment cette collaboration franco-russe s’est-elle manifestée et maintenue pendant plus de dix ans ? Comment a-t-elle ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le développement des sciences humaines en Europe ? C’est en hommage à Aza Alibekovna Taho-Godi que l’auteur s’est proposé de répondre à ces questions en parcourant la décennie de coopération scientifique entre la Maison Losev de Moscou et la Maison des sciences de l’homme d’Aquitaine.

Cette année fêtait la XXVIIe édition de la finale du concours des Olympiades de Physique France. La manifestation a été accueillie sur le campus Diderot (Grands Moulins) de l’Université de Paris les 31 janvier et 1er février 2020, à l’invitation de la section de Paris de la Société Française de Physique et de la section académique de l’Union des Professeurs de Physique et de Chimie.

Deyrolle est le nom d’une grande famille de naturalistes du xixe siècle qui nous est familier, mais n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude sur ses activités et ses apports aux sciences de la nature. Et pourtant, sur trois générations, les membres de cette famille nous donnent une large vision du milieu des naturalistes au xixe siècle. En premier lieu nous parlerons de Jean-Baptiste Deyrolle et de trois de ses fils : Achille, Narcisse et Henri, puis des trois enfants d’Achille : Hortense, Émile et Théophile. Il est parfois difficile de distinguer les activités de chacun tant ils sont complémentaires. Tour à tour explorateurs, marchands naturalistes, collectionneurs, savants, éditeurs, illustrateurs, vulgarisateurs, ils ont été des acteurs influents du milieu naturaliste à Paris au xixe siècle. Quatre d’entre eux sont partis explorer des régions lointaines (Brésil méridional, Gabon, Caucase et Anatolie orientale) encore très mal connues des européens, dans le but d’inventorier le monde vivant et d’en rapporter des spécimens de la faune et de la flore. Ils ont été actifs dans diverses sociétés savantes naturalistes et ont contribué aux tentatives d’acclimatation en France de nouvelles espèces végétales et animales. Par leurs activités de taxidermie et de préparation d’animaux exotiques, ils ont fait découvrir la faune du monde entier au grand public des musées européens. Ils ont été des entomologistes reconnus, certains ont chassé, d’autres ont collectionné, vendu, échangé, expertisé, étudié, illustré, colorisé des milliers d’Insectes. Ils ont joué un rôle majeur dans la constitution de collections entomologiques patrimoniales et ont laissé une empreinte forte dans la taxonomie entomologique. Ils se sont aussi intéressés à l’entomologie appliquée et se sont impliqués dans de grandes causes nationales comme la lutte contre la destruction des cultures par le Doryphore et l’introduction de nouvelles espèces de vers à soie pour sauver la sériciculture. Ils ont dominé le marché parisien pour tout ce qui concernait l’Histoire naturelle, ils ont œuvré pour fournir les établissements scientifiques en spécimens divers et rares, élaborer des outils et des produits afin de répondre aux besoins des collectionneurs amateurs et professionnels. Ils se sont même investis dans la mode de leur temps en confectionnant des parures en plumes pour chapeaux et des bijoux en Insectes. Ils ont été lauréats de grandes manifestations internationales, notamment des Expositions universelles qui ont marqué leur siècle. En éditant des revues et des ouvrages de vulgarisation, en créant des tableaux pédagogiques pour les établissements scolaires, ils ont initié des générations d’écoliers à la connaissance de la nature. Au service de la science et de l’enseignement de la nature, ils ont occupé une place centrale dans l’édition naturaliste et la diffusion des connaissances.

Le 22 avril 1909, l’exposition Cent portraits de femmes des écoles anglaise et française fut inaugurée dans les salles du Jeu de Paume à Paris. Organisée par Armand Dayot (1851‑1934), la manifestation regroupait les principaux maîtres des écoles française et anglaise du XVIIIe siècle, via le thème du portrait féminin. Elle constitua un jalon majeur dans la réception de la peinture anglaise en France par l’ampleur de sa médiatisation et de son accueil critique. En effet, l’étude du portrait féminin servit alors de support à un débat plus vaste sur la caractérisation d’un art national. L’analyse de la réception critique de l’exposition révèle ainsi un des principaux nœuds de l’historiographie anglaise telle qu’elle était conçue dans les années 1900 en France : l’interconnexion entre histoire du portrait, caractérisation d’une image de la femme et naissance de la peinture d’outre‑Manche au XVIIIe siècle.

Émulations reçoit Marie Morelle, spécialiste du phénomène carcéral au Cameroun et à Madagascar. Cet entretien est l’occasion d’aborder des questions de régulation politique des inégalités sociales et de circula-tion internationale des modèles punitifs, mais aussi d’interdisciplinarité et de décentrement du regard Nord-Sud dans la production des analyses scientifiques. Marie Morelle est maitresse de conférences, HDR en Géographie, à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne (UMR Prodig). Elle est actuellement détachée à l’IRD au Cameroun et en accueil à la Fondation Paul Ango Ela. Ses travaux articulent géographie politique et géographie urbaine à partir d’entrées empiriques telles que la prison et la police, l’informalité économique et politique en Europe (France) et en Afrique (Cameroun). Elle est l’autrice notamment de La rue des enfants, les enfants des rues (CNRS Editions, 2007), Yaoundé carcérale, Géographie d’une ville et de sa prison (ENS éditions, 2019). Elle a dirigé avec Frédéric Le Marcis et Julia Hornberger l’ouvrage collectif Confinement, Punishment and Prisons in Africa (Routledge, sous presse), issu du programme « Économie de la peine et de la prison en Afrique » (ANR, 2015-2019).