Journal articles: 'Mangrove forests Thailand'

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Songsom, Veeranun, Werapong Koedsin, Raymond J. Ritchie, and Alfredo Huete. "Mangrove Phenology and Water Influences Measured with Digital Repeat Photography." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020307.

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The intertidal habitat of mangroves is very complex due to the dynamic roles of land and sea drivers. Knowledge of mangrove phenology can help in understanding mangrove growth cycles and their responses to climate and environmental changes. Studies of phenology based on digital repeat photography, or phenocams, have been successful in many terrestrial forests and other ecosystems, however few phenocam studies in mangrove forests showing the influence and interactions of water color and tidal water levels have been performed in sub-tropical and equatorial environments. In this study, we investigated the diurnal and seasonal patterns of an equatorial mangrove forest area at an Andaman Sea site in Phuket province, Southern Thailand, using two phenocams placed at different elevations and with different view orientations, which continuously monitored vegetation and water dynamics from July 2015 to August 2016. The aims of this study were to investigate fine-resolution, in situ mangrove forest phenology and assess the influence and interactions of water color and tidal water levels on the mangrove–water canopy signal. Diurnal and seasonal patterns of red, green, and blue chromatic coordinate (RCC, GCC, and BCC) indices were analyzed over various mangrove forest and water regions of interest (ROI). GCC signals from the water background were found to positively track diurnal water levels, while RCC signals were negatively related with tidal water levels, hence lower water levels yielded higher RCC values, reflecting brownish water colors and increased soil and mud exposure. At seasonal scales, the GCC profiles of the mangrove forest peaked in the dry season and were negatively related with the water level, however the inclusion of the water background signal dampened this relationship. We also detected a strong lunar tidal water periodicity in seasonal GCC values that was not only present in the water background, but was also detected in the mangrove–water canopy and mangrove forest phenology profiles. This suggests significant interactions between mangrove forests and their water backgrounds (color and depth), which may need to be accounted for in upscaling and coupling with satellite-based mangrove monitoring.

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Ganjanasiripong, Papon, Pimmnapar Neesanant, Thongchai Taechowisan, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, and Thanaporn Chuen-im. "Bacterial Community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 20, no. 6 (August 23, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200058.

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Mangrove forests are located in the transition zone of terrestrial and river/marine ecosystems, making these forests a unique environment harbouring diverse microbes. This study investigated the bacterial community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand. The distinct feature of this forest is its nearby location to a narrowleaf cattail wetland. Assessment of the abiotic parameters of the sediments from site#1 nearby the narrowleaf cattail wetland and site#2 in the mangrove forest revealed differences in pH and salinity values between these two sites. Biochemical identification of bacterial isolates (n=233) indicated that these species belonged to 16 families and 29 genera as follows: Moraxellaceae (17.60%) > Vibrionaceae (16.31%) > Paenibacillaceae (15.88%) > Staphylococcaceae and Bacillaceae (9.87% each) > Aeromonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae (8.58% each) > Enterobacteriaceae (4.29%) > Lactobacillaceae (2.58%) > Moraxellaceae (2.15%) > Comamonadaceae (1.72%) > Alcaligenaceae (0.86%) > Morganellaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Streptococcaceae (0.43% each). Among the genera, 12 were commonly isolated from both sites. Bacterial strains from 7 and 10 genera were detected only in site#1 and site#2, respectively. Analysis of the partial 16s rRNA gene sequence of four filamentous gram-positive isolates showed their high sequence similarity to three genera, including three novel species, Streptomyces sp. NA03103, Micromonospora fluminis sp. nov. and Bacillus velezensis sp. nov. In conclusion, the Klong Tub Mangrove Forest possesses high microbial diversity, and the bacterial taxon in the sediments differ between the narrowleaf cattail wetland and mangrove forest. Several bacterial isolates from the forest show a high biotechnological potential.

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KUMAR, VINIT, RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON, KASUN M. THAMBUGALA, GARETH E. B. JONES, RASHIKA S. BRAHMANAGE, MINGKWAN DOILOM, RAJESH JEEWON, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Rhytidhysteron mangrovei (Hysteriaceae), a new species from mangroves in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand." Phytotaxa 401, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.3.2.

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During an investigation of micro-fungi inhabiting mangrove forests, a new species of Rhytidhysteron was collected and isolated from dead twigs of a mangrove tree. Rhytidhysteron mangrovei sp. nov. is introduced, described, illustrated and compared with accepted species in the genus. Morphological comparison based on the size of exciple, the appearance of ascomata and ascospore septations and size as well as the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, ITS and TEF DNA sequences support its establishment in Rhytidhysteron. Placement of the genus in Hysteriaceae is also well-supported. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and DNA sequence data indicate that Rhytidhysteron mangrovei is closely related to Rhytidhysteron thailandicum. However, R. mangrovei is morphologically distinct from R. thailandicum, by having a relatively smaller size of exciple and perpendicularly rough-striate ascomata.

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Chang, Stephanie E., Beverley J. Adams, Jacqueline Alder, Philip R. Berke, Ratana Chuenpagdee, Shubharoop Ghosh, and Colette Wabnitz. "Coastal Ecosystems and Tsunami Protection after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 863–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2201971.

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An exploratory study was conducted on the role of coastal ecosystems in protecting communities from the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, focusing on mangrove forests on the Andaman coast of Thailand and how well villages were undertaking environmental conservation. Remote sensing analysis identified predisaster mangrove change and postdisaster structural damage and landscape changes. Field data from five sites (20 villages), gathered via the VIEWS™ data collection system, validated and supplemented this analysis. Key informants at several of these villages were also interviewed. A preliminary comparison of villages that otherwise faced similar tsunami exposure suggests that the presence of healthy mangroves did afford substantial protection. Village performance in mangrove conservation and management efforts, and thus the presence of healthy forests, is influenced by both social capital and the design of external aid delivery programs.

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Songsom, Veeranun, Werapong Koedsin, Raymond J. Ritchie, and Alfredo Huete. "Mangrove Phenology and Environmental Drivers Derived from Remote Sensing in Southern Thailand." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080955.

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Vegetation phenology is the annual cycle timing of vegetation growth. Mangrove phenology is a vital component to assess mangrove viability and includes start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), peak of season (POS), and length of season (LOS). Potential environmental drivers include air temperature (Ta), surface temperature (Ts), sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, sea surface salinity (SSS), and radiation flux (Ra). The Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was calculated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, MOD13Q1) data over five study sites between 2003 and 2012. Four of the mangrove study sites were located on the Malay Peninsula on the Andaman Sea and one site located on the Gulf of Thailand. The goals of this study were to characterize phenology patterns across equatorial Thailand Indo-Malay mangrove forests, identify climatic and aquatic drivers of mangrove seasonality, and compare mangrove phenologies with surrounding upland tropical forests. Our results show the seasonality of mangrove growth was distinctly different from the surrounding land-based tropical forests. The mangrove growth season was approximately 8–9 months duration, starting in April to June, peaking in August to October and ending in January to February of the following year. The 10-year trend analysis revealed significant delaying trends in SOS, POS, and EOS for the Andaman Sea sites but only for EOS at the Gulf of Thailand site. The cumulative rainfall is likely to be the main factor driving later mangrove phenologies.

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Horstman, Erik, Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen, Pedro Narra, Niels-Jasper Van den Berg, Martijn Siemerink, Thorsten Balke, Tjeerd Bouma, and Suzanne Hulscher. "WAVE ATTENUATION IN MANGROVE FORESTS; FIELD DATA OBTAINED IN TRANG, THAILAND." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 18, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.40.

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Mangroves thrive in sheltered intertidal areas in the tropics and sub-tropics. Due to this position at the interface between land and sea, mangroves play an important role in the attenuation of waves. Dissipation of wave energy in mangrove forests is an interesting feature from the viewpoint of coastal protection. Nevertheless, field data are sparse and modeling attempts reveal the need for additional data. This paper presents the results of an extensive field campaign, lasting 6 months, in mangroves along the Andaman coast of Trang Province in southern Thailand. Wave attenuation has been studied along two contrasting transects with different elevation and vegetation characteristics and different orientations towards the Andaman Sea. Along the Kantang transect, which is mostly exposed to swell waves, vegetation densities increased from 4.5 to 9.3 volume-‰ along the transect and on average 63% of the incident wave energy was attenuated over a distance of 246 m. Along the Palian transect, mostly exposed to sea waves instead, vegetation increased from 4.3 to 19 volume-‰ and 72% of the incident wave energy was attenuated over this 98 m transect. It was found that standardized wave attenuation correlates well with incident wave energy, when attenuation is analyzed per vegetation zone. Energy reduction rates of these zones, defined by the gradient of the correlations between the standardized wave attenuation and incident wave energy, are found to increase significantly with vegetation density. Consistently, wave reduction rates, expressing the gradient of the correlation between wave height reduction and incident wave heights, are found to be 0.001-0.014 for the study sites and also show a significant and increasing trend with vegetation densities.

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Poungparn, Sasitorn, Akira Komiyama, Aki Tanaka, Tanuwong Sangtiean, Chatree Maknual, Shogo Kato, Paisarn Tanapermpool, and Pipat Patanaponpaiboon. "Carbon dioxide emission through soil respiration in a secondary mangrove forest of eastern Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 4 (July 2009): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409006154.

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Abstract:Carbon dioxide emission through soil respiration is an important component of the carbon balance in forest ecosystems. However, little information is available on the rates of soil respiration in mangrove forests. We studied the rate of soil respiration in a secondary mangrove forest in eastern Thailand on an estuary of the Trat River during both the wet and dry seasons. A study site of 40 × 110 m was established and a series of vegetation zones identified: Sonneratia, Avicennia, Rhizophora and Xylocarpus, in order of increasing elevation inland. Soil respiration was measured during low tide, using an infrared gas analyser connected to a respiratory chamber, by excluding the respiration of above-ground roots from the chamber. At least 19 measurements were performed in each zone for each season. The rate of soil respiration significantly increased with increasing soil temperature. The soil temperature which was usually lower than that of sea water showed a trend that decreased with distance from the river in both wet and dry seasons. The relative land elevation causes different periods of inundation among the vegetation zones. The period was longest in the Sonneratia zone located on the river fringe, and became shorter moving inland. Thus, the elevation and relevant period of inundation are considered to be causal factors warming the soil. Consequently, the difference in soil temperature caused significantly different rates of soil respiration among the vegetation zones in the mangrove forest. Overall, the average rate of soil respiration ranged from 0.456 to 0.876 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, supporting the view that mangrove forests have lower rates of soil respiration than do upland forests.

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Poungparn, Sasitorn, Akira Komiyama, Tanuwong Sangteian, Chatree Maknual, Pipat Patanaponpaiboon, and Vilanee Suchewaboripont. "High primary productivity under submerged soil raises the net ecosystem productivity of a secondary mangrove forest in eastern Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000132.

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The distribution of mangrove forests is limited to the coastal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, and their total area is far smaller than that of upland forests (Spalding et al. 2010). Mangrove forests often show unique patterns of biomass allocation and carbon dynamics because they are periodically submerged by tides (Komiyama et al. 2008). Therefore, the contribution of mangrove forests to the global carbon fixation process should be carefully evaluated even though their distribution area is limited.

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Tamai, Shigenobu, and Patcharee Iampa. "Establishment and growth of mangrove seedling in mangrove forests of southern Thailand." Ecological Research 3, no. 3 (December 1988): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02348582.

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10

KUMAR, VINIT, RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON, ELENI GENTEKAKI, SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA, RASHIKA S. BRAHMANAGE, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Neopestalotiopsis alpapicalis sp. nov. a new endophyte from tropical mangrove trees in Krabi Province (Thailand)." Phytotaxa 393, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.393.3.2.

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Mangrove forests are dynamic systems primarily confined to tropical and subtropical coastal regions. Mangroves are highly complex habitats sustaining a diverse array of terrestrial and aquatic fungal species. Endophytic fungi are widely distributed in mangrove ecosystems and are integral contributors to global biodiversity. Neopestalotiopsis species occur as endophytes, saprobes and opportunistic pathogens of many plant hosts. Herein, a new species of Neopestalotiopsis, N. alpapicalis, was collected from the mangrove trees Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata, in Krabi, Thailand. Morphological features conform to those of Neopestalotiopsis. Number of apical appendages and size of apical cells of the newly described species differ from those of phylogenetically related species. A combined dataset of ITS, β-tub and TEF1 genes was used to infer the phylogenetic placement of the new species. The two strains of novel species, N. alpapicalis clustered together and have a close affinity to N. rosicola.

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Chai-Arayalert, Supaporn, and Supattra Puttinaovarat. "Designing Mangrove Ecology Self-Learning Application Based on a Micro-Learning Approach." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 11 (June 12, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i11.12585.

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the development of a mangrove ecology self-learning application integrates the advantages of mobile-based learning and the benefits of micro-learning into the virtual learning of mangrove ecology. The system was designed based on a case study in the Leeled mangrove forest, Thailand and encour-ages young learners to understand the value of mangrove forests, and to help to preserve them. The system developed uses a virtual learning environment and accommodates young learner’s behaviours, favouring micro-learning with the content organized into the learning units which take a maximum of 15 minutes to complete. The application therefore allows the learning to be integrated into the learners’ daily activities and can contribute to their life-long learning. It allows learners to conduct self-learning and gain experience from performance in a virtual environment which simulates a real mangrove forest. This approach is better suited to the needs of present day young peo-ple than traditional approaches to environmental education.

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Imai, Nobuo, Masaaki Takyu, Yukito Nakamura, and Takehisa Nakamura. "Gap formation and regeneration of tropical mangrove forests in Ranong, Thailand." Plant Ecology 186, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9110-y.

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Poungparn, Sasitorn, Akira Komiyama, Suthathip Umnouysin, Chadtip Rodtassana, Tanuwong Sangtiean, Chatree Maknual, Tamanai Pravinvongvuthi, Vilanee Suchewaboripont, and Shogo Kato. "Ten-Year Estimation of Net Primary Productivity in a Mangrove Forest under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in Eastern Thailand: Significance of the Temperature Environment in the Dry Season." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090987.

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Mangrove forests play crucial roles in the coastal ecosystems of the tropics. Few studies have addressed long-term changes in the net primary productivity (NPP) of mangroves in relation to the tropical monsoon climate. We conducted a tree census from 2008 to 2018 in a permanent plot at a secondary mangrove forest under the tropical monsoon climate of Eastern Thailand. During this period, the mortality of fast-growing species and the increasing number of newly recruited trees revealed a temporal change in the plant composition and distribution. Total tree biomass linearly increased from 283.64 to 381.72 t·ha−1 during the study period. The NPP was calculated by using the summation method, which included fine root production. The NPP ranged from 21.19 to 29.04 t·ha−1·yr−1. The fluctuation in NPP and its components were analyzed in relation to climatic factors by the linear regression model. The NPP did not relate with the annual climatic factors, such as the mean temperature and annual rainfall. However, both increments in the basal area and living tree biomass, which is a major component of NPP, were negatively related with the maximum and mean monthly temperatures in the dry season. The annual mortality rate related positively with annual rainfall and the maximum monthly temperature in the dry season. Linear regression analyses showed that some major components of NPP were chiefly affected by the temperature environment in the dry season. These results indicated that the weather in the dry season was largely restricting the mangrove NPP due to effects on the saline water dynamics of the soils under the tropical monsoon climate, which were revealed by our recent study. It implies that the hot-dry season may lead to high mortality, long-term reduction in the increment of living-trees biomass, and thus lowered the ability to maintain high NPP of mangrove forests over the long-term.

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Ruang-areerate, Panthita, Chaiwat Naktang, Wasitthee Kongkachana, Duangjai Sangsrakru, Nattapol Narong, Chatree Maknual, Tamanai Pravinvongvuthi, et al. "Assessment of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rhizophora apiculata Blume (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand." Biology 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11101449.

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Rhizophora apiculata is one of the most widespread and economically important mangrove trees in the Indo-West Pacific region. Knowledge of the genetic variation of R. apiculata in Thailand is limited. Here, we generated a whole-genome sequence of R. apiculata using the 10× Genomics technology. R. apiculata genome assembly was 230.47 Mb. Based on its genome, 2640 loci of high-quality biallelic SNPs were identified from 82 R. apiculata accessions collected from 17 natural mangrove forests in Thailand to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among them. A moderate level of genetic diversity of R. apiculata was observed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.48) was higher than the average expected heterozygosity (He = 0.36). Two subpopulations were observed and confirmed from three approaches: population structure, PCA, and phylogenetic analyses. They corresponded to the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea separated by the Malay Peninsula. AMOVA analyses indicated that genetic variation was attributable to 76.22% within populations and 23.78% among populations. A high level of genetic differentiation between the two subpopulations (FST = 0.24, p < 0.001) was observed. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of R. apiculata, providing useful information for sustainable mangrove management in Thailand.

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Nimnoi, Pongrawee, and Neelawan Pongsilp. "Insights into Bacterial Communities and Diversity of Mangrove Forest Soils along the Upper Gulf of Thailand in Response to Environmental Factors." Biology 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121787.

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The comprehensive data for the dynamic adaptation of bacterial community structure in response to environmental factors is important for the maintenance of the mangrove ecosystem. This aspect was investigated with soils and surface water from six mangrove forests in six provinces along the Upper Gulf of Thailand shoreline. Mangrove soils were variable with respect to pH (acidic to slightly alkaline) and had low amounts of organic matter (OM). Illumina next-generation sequencing attested that the number of observed species as well as the bacterial diversity and richness among all sites were not significantly different. The gamma-, alpha-Proteobacteria, Desulfobacteria, Bacteroidia, Anaerolineae, Bathyarchaeia, Acidobacteriae, Nitrososphaeria, Clostridia, and Thermoplasmata were more abundant bacterial classes present in all sites. Soil OM was the major factor that mostly modulated the bacterial community structure, while salinity influenced the number of observed species and bacterial richness. These results provide informative data on the bacterial community, in response to both environmental factors and heavy metal pollutants, that is prominent for sustainable development and management of mangrove forests.

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Horstman, Erik M., C. Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher. "Flow routing in mangrove forests: A field study in Trang province, Thailand." Continental Shelf Research 71 (December 2013): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.10.002.

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CHOOSAK, S. "ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF COMMERCIAL MANGROVE PLANTATION FORESTS FOR BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THAILAND." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 14, no. 2 (2016): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1402_421432.

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Alongi, D. M., G. Wattayakorn, J. Pfitzner, F. Tirendi, I. Zagorskis, G. J. Brunskill, A. Davidson, and B. F. Clough. "Organic carbon accumulation and metabolic pathways in sediments of mangrove forests in southern Thailand." Marine Geology 179, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(01)00195-5.

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Rangsiruji, Achariya, Kansri Boonpragob, Pachara Mongkolsuk, Mattika Sodamuk, Kawinnat Buaruang, Sutheewan Binchai, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Sittiporn Parnmen. "Diversity and phylogenetic survey of cyanobacterial lichens (Collematineae, Ascomycota) in mangrove forests of eastern Thailand." Bryologist 119, no. 2 (May 6, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.2.123.

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NOPMUENG, Arjong, Yoshimichi YAMAMOTO, and Puangpet RATTANARAMA. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE FORESTS AND THE PREVENTION EFFECT OF COASTAL EROSION BY THEM IN THAILAND." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 70, no. 2 (2014): I_768—I_773. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.70.i_768.

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ARYUTHAKA, CHITTIMA, and CHAWAPORN JITTANOON. "Assessment of Marine Meiobenthic Assemblages in Transplanted Mangrove Forests along the Inner Gulf of Thailand." Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Special Publication Series. 10 (2010): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5134/144637.

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Lee, Siew Cheng, Roslan Hashim, Shervin Motamedi, and Ki-Il Song. "Utilization of Geotextile Tube for Sandy and Muddy Coastal Management: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494020.

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Threats to beaches have accelerated the coastal destruction. In recent decades, geotextile tubes were used around the world to prevent coastal erosion, to encourage beach nourishment, and to assist mangrove rehabilitation. However, the applications of geotextile tube in sandy and muddy coasts have different concerns as the geological settings are different. Applications of geotextile tubes in sandy beaches were mainly to prevent coastline from further erosion and to nourish the beach. However, for the muddy coasts, mangrove rehabilitation and conservation were additional concerns in coastal management schemes. The mangrove forests are natural barriers which can be found on the muddy coasts of many tropical countries. In this paper, the viability of geotextile tubes in sandy and muddy beaches was analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of geotextile tubes in coastal management were discussed based on the experiences from the tropical countries such as Mexico, Malaysia, and Thailand. From the case studies, impressive improvements in coastal restoration after installation of geotextile tubes were shown. Based on the discussion, several recommendations to improve the application of geotextile tubes were suggested in this paper.

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Khokiattiwong, Somkiat, Narumol Kornkanitnan, Walter Goessler, Sabine Kokarnig, and Kevin A. Francesconi. "Arsenic compounds in tropical marine ecosystems: similarities between mangrove forest and coral reef." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2009): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09009.

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Environmental context. Despite the widespread occurrence of arsenobetaine in marine animals the origin of this arsenic compound remains unknown. A current hypothesis is that arsenobetaine is formed from more complex arsenic compounds found in marine algae. To test this hypothesis, we examined the arsenic compounds in a mangrove ecosystem where algae play a limited role in primary productivity. Abstract. Marine algae are known to bioaccumulate arsenic and transform it into arsenosugars, which are thought to be precursors of the major arsenic compound, arsenobetaine, found in marine animals. Marine ecosystems based on mangrove forests have high nutrient input from mangrove leaves, and thus provide a unique opportunity to study the cycling of arsenic in a marine system where algae are not the dominant food source. Two mangrove forests in Phuket, Thailand were selected as sampling sites for this study. For comparison, samples were also collected from two coral reef sites at and near Phuket. The samples collected included mangrove leaves, corals, algae, molluscs, fish and crustaceans. Arsenic contents in the samples and in aqueous extracts of the samples were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry following a dry-ashing mineralisation procedure, and arsenic species were determined in the aqueous extracts by HPLC-MS (mainly ICPMS). Mangrove leaves contained only low concentrations of total arsenic (0.10–0.73 mg kg–1 dry mass) and the aqueous extracts thereof contained inorganic arsenic species, methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate, but arsenosugars were not detected. The total mean arsenic contents (3.2–86 mg kg–1 dry mass) of the animals from the mangrove ecosystem, however, were typical of those found in animal samples from other marine ecosystems. Similarly the arsenic compounds present were typical of those in animals from other marine ecosystems comprising mainly arsenobetaine with smaller quantities of other common arsenicals including arsenosugars, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, trimethylarsine oxide and dimethylarsinate. A trimethylated arsenosugar, which is not commonly reported in marine organisms, was a significant arsenical (6–8% of total As) in some gastropod species from the mangrove ecosystem. The coral samples contained mainly arsenosugars and arsenobetaine, and the other animals collected from the coral ecosystem contained essentially the same pattern of arsenicals found for the mangrove animals. The data suggest that food chains based on algae are not necessary for animals to accumulate large concentrations of arsenobetaine.

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D., Alongi, Trott L., Wattayakorn G., and Clough B. "Below-ground nitrogen cycling in relation to net canopy production in mangrove forests of southern Thailand." Marine Biology 140, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-001-0757-6.

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BLUFFSTONE, RANDALL A., DARARATT ANANTANASUWONG, and IVAN RUZICKA. "Mixing economic and administrative instruments: the case of shrimp aquaculture in Thailand." Environment and Development Economics 11, no. 5 (October 2006): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x06003172.

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Economic instruments offer the potential to reach pre-determined environmental goals at a lower aggregate cost than less incentive-based measures, but administrative underpinnings crucial to the effective functioning of economic instruments may be lacking in developing countries. For this reason, pragmatic analysts and policymakers often advocate the use of so-called ‘mixed’ instruments that combine incentive mechanisms with improved administrative arrangements. This paper explores such possibilities with reference to intensive shrimp aquaculture, which dominates shrimp farming and is an important economic sector in Thailand. This activity has been cited as a major contributor to environmental degradation in Thailand and several other countries through destruction of mangrove forests, salinization of land, sludge disposal, and, in particular, water pollution. An analytical model is presented that highlights some of the key opportunities and limitations of mixed instruments applied to shrimp aquaculture. Mixed instruments are then proposed and evaluated.

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Phraphuchamnong, Phimpisa, Matthew P. Nelsen, Isabel Distefano, Joel A. Mercado-Diaz, Sittiporn Parnmen, Achariya Rangsiruji, Kawinnat Buaruang, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. "A new species of Megalaria (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) from Thailand, and recognition of subgenus Catillochroma." MycoKeys 93 (November 4, 2022): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.90962.

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Tropical regions harbor a substantial diversity of lichenized fungi, but face numerous threats to their persistence, often even before previously unknown species have been described and their evolutionary relationships have been elucidated. Megalaria (Ramalinaceae) is a lichen-forming genus of fungi that produces crustose thalli, and includes a number of lineages occupying tropical rain forests; however, taxonomic and phylogenetic work on this clade is limited. Here we leverage both morphological and sequence data to describe a new species from the tropics, M. pachaylenophila. This taxon forms a crustose thallus, lacks secondary metabolites, and occurs in mangrove forests of Thailand. We supplemented molecular data from this species with data from other species, including two genera related to and occasionally included in Megalaria, namely Catillochroma and Lopezaria. Our analyses revealed Catillochroma species form a monophyletic group embedded within Megalaria, and we therefore recognize this clade at the subgeneric level. Since we only included the type species of Lopezaria in this study, we refrain from proposing a taxonomic conclusion for that clade at the moment. Several taxonomic combinations are made to reflect phylogenetic evidence supporting the inclusion of these species in Megalaria.

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H-Kittikun, Aran, Vanessa Biscola, Shady El-Ghaish, Emmanuel Jaffrès, Xavier Dousset, Guillaume Pillot, Thomas Haertlé, Jean-Marc Chobert, and Noraphat Hwanhlem. "Bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecalis KT2W2G isolated from mangrove forests in southern Thailand: Purification, characterization and safety evaluation." Food Control 54 (August 2015): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.037.

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AJIKI, Kazuhiro. "The Human Impact on Mangrove Forests in Southern Thailand. Findings from Field Survey in Changwat Satun and Krabi." Tropics 8, no. 3 (1999): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.8.233.

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Chaikaew, Pasicha, and Suchana Chavanich. "Spatial Variability and Relationship of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter to Organic Carbon." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4010381.

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Degradation and destruction of mangrove forests in many regions have resulted in the alteration of carbon cycling. Objectives of this study were established to answer the question regarding how much soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in wetland soils in part of the upper northeastern Gulf of Thailand and to what extent SOC is related to organic matter (OM). A total of 29 soil samples were collected in October 2015. Soil physiochemical analyses followed the standard protocol. Spatial distributions were estimated by a kriging method. Linear regression and coefficient were used to determine the suitable conversion factor for mangrove soils. The results showed that surface soil (0–5 cm) contained higher SOC content as compared to subsurface soil (5–10 cm). Considering a depth of 10 cm, this area had a high potential to sequester carbon with a mean ± standard deviation of5.59±2.24%. The spatial variability of OM and SOC revealed that organic matter and carbon decreased with the distance from upstream areas toward the gulf. Based on the assumption that OM is 50% SOC, the conversion factor of 2 is recommended for more accuracy rather than the conventional factor of 1.724.

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Hung, Tran Trong, Tran Anh Tu, Dang Thuong Huyen, and Marc Desmet. "Presence of trace elements in sediment of Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13543.

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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. Micropollutants in the sediment of Sai Gon – Dong Nai rivers: Situation and ecological risks. Chimia International Journal for Chemistry, 57, 09(0009–4293), 537–541.Baruddin N.A., Shazili N.A., Pradit S., 2017. Sequential extraction analysis of heavy metals in relation to bioaccumulation in mangroves, Rhizophora mucronata from Kelantan delta, Malaysia. AACL Bioflux, 10(2), 172-181. Retrieved from www.bioflux.com/aacl.Bravard J.-P., Goichot M., Tronchere H., 2014. An assessment of sediment transport processes in the lower Mekong river based on deposit grain size, the CM technique and flow energy data. Geomorphology, 207, 174-189.Cang L.T., Thanh N.C. 2008. Importing and exporting sediment to and from mangrove forest at Dong Trang estuary, Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city. Science & Technology Development, 11(04), 12-18.Carignan J., Hild P., Mevelle G., Morel J., Yeghicheyan D., 2001. Routine analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow injection and low-pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS: A study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N, UB-N, AN-G and GH. The Journal of Geo standard and Geoanalysis, 187-198.Carlson P.R., Yarbro L.A., Zimmermann C.F., Montgomery J.R., 1983. Pore water chemistry of an overwash mangrove island. Academy Symposium: Future of the Indian River System, 46(3/4), 239-249. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320336.Chatterjee M., Canário J., Sarkar S.K., Branco V., Godhantaraman N., Bhattacharya B.D., Bhattacharya A., 2012. Biogeochemistry of mercury and methylmercury in sediment cores from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Environ Monit Assess, 184, 5239–5254.Claudia R., Huy N.V., 2004. Water allocation policies for the Dong Nai river basin in Viet Nam: An integrated perspective. EPTD Discussion Paper, 127, 01-52.Folk R.L., Ward W.C., 1957. Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 3-26.Furukawaa K., Wolanski E., Mueller H., 1997. Currents and sediment transport in mangrove forests. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 301-310.Hai H.Q., Tuyen N.N., 2011. Coastal Erosion of Can Gio district Ho Chi Minh City due to the global climate change. The journal of development of technology and science, 14, 17-28.HCM SO S.O., 2015. Annual statistic data in 2015 for HCM city. Ho Chi Minh city: Statistic office of HCM city.HCMC, 2017. Decision No. 3901 on approving the areas of forest and land in HCM city in 2016. Ho Chi Minh: The people's committee of HCM city.Herut B., Sandler A., 2006. Normalization methods for pollutants in marine sediments: review and recommendations for the Mediterranean. Haifa 31080: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research: IOLR Report H18/2006.Hong P.N., San H.T., 1993. Mangroves of Vietnam: Chapter VI Human impacts on the mangrove ecosystem. Bangkok 10501: IUCN - The International Union for Conservation of Nature, ISBN: 2-8317-0166-x.Hubner R., Astin K.B., Herbert R.J., 2009. Comparison of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for the assessment of metal contamination in marine and estuarine environments. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, 713–722.IAEA, 2003. Collection and preparation of bottom sediment samples for analysis of radionuclides and trace elements. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-1360, ISBN 92–0–109003–X.Jingchun L., Chongling Y., Ruifeng Z., Haoliang L., Guangqiu Q., 2008. Speciation changes of Cd in mangrove (Kandelia Candel L.) rhizosphere sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 231-236. Doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9351-z.Kalaivanan R., Jayaprakash M., Nethaji S., Arya V., Giridharan L., 2017. Geochemistry of Core Sediments from Tropical Mangrove Region of Tamil Nadu: Implications on Trace Metals. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, ISSN: 2157-7617., 8(1.1000385), 1-10. Doi:10.4172/2157-7617.1000385.Kathiresan K., Saravanakumar K., Mullai P., 2014. Bioaccumulation of trace elements by Avicennia marina. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2(11), 888-894.Kitazawa T., Nakagawa T., Hashimoto T., Tateishi M., 2006. Stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of a Quaternary sequence along the Dong Nai River, southern Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, 788–804.Lacerda L.D., 1998. Trace metals of biogeochemistry and diffuse pollution in mangrove (M. Vannucci, Ed.) Mangrove ecosystem occassional papers (ISSN: 0919-1348), 2, 1-72.Laura H., Probsta A., Probsta J.L., Ulrich E., 2003. Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination. The Science of Total Environment, 195-210.Li R., Li R., Chai M., Shen X., Xu H., Qiu G., 2015. Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in Futian mangrove forest sediment in Shenzhen Bay, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101, 448–456.Long E., Morgan L.G., 1990. The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorted contaminants tested in the national status and trends program. Seattle, Washington: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52.Long E.R., Field L.J., MacDonald D.D., 1998. Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 17, 714–727. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.5620170428/abstract;jsessionid=C5264A1AD0.7ACCA9B4EF9A088BE2EDE9.f04t04Long E.R., MacDonald D.D., Smith S.L., Calder F.D., 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentration in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental management, 19, 81-97.Maiti S.K., Chowdhury A., 2013. Effects of Anthropogenic Pollution on Mangrove Biodiversity: A Review. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 1428-1434.Marchand C., Allenbach M., Lallier-Verges E., 2011. Relation between heavy metal distribution and organic matter cycling in mangrove sediments (Conception Bay, New Caledonia). Geoderma, Elsevier, 160 (3-4), 444-456.Mohd F.N., Nor R.H., 2010. Heavy metal concentrations in an important mangrove species, Sonneratia caseolaris, in Peninsular Malaysia. Environment Asia, 3, 50-53.Muller G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins - Veränderungen seit 1971. Umschau, 778-783.Nam V.N., 2007. Restoration of Can Gio mangrove forest: Its structure and function in comparison between the ecosytems of plantion and nature mangrove forest. Workshop on the thesis between Germany and Vietnam.Nickerson N.H., Thibodeau F.R., 1985. Association between pore water sulfide concentrations and the distribution of mangroves. Biogeochemistry, 1, 183-192.Ong Che R.G., 1999. Concentration of 7 Heavy Metals in Sediments and Mangrove Root Samples from Mai Po, Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39, 269-279.Passega R., 1957. Texture as characteristics of clastic deposition. Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Passega R., 1964. Grain size representation by CM patterns as a geological tool. J Sediment Petrol, 34, 830–847.Phuoc V.L., An D.T., Cang L.T., Chung B.N., Tien N.V., 2010. Study the sediment dynamics in Can Gio mangrove forest (Nang Hai site, Ho Chi Minh city). Ho Chi Minh city: The final report of National University Ho Chi Minh city, No. B2009-18-36.Pumijumnong N., Danpradit S., 2016. Heavy metal accumulation in sediments and mangrove forest stems from Surat Thani province, Thailand. The Malaysian forester, 79(1&2), 212-228.QCVN43:2012/BTNMT, 2012. QCVN43:2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the sediment quality, Ha Noi: Ministry of natural resources and environment of Vietnam.Qiao S., Shi X., Fang X., Liu S., Kornkanitnan N., Gao J., Yu Y., 2015. Heavy metal and clay mineral analyses in the sediments of Upper Gulf of Thailand and their implications on sedimentary provenance and dispersion pattern. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 114, 488–496.Rollinson H. R., 1993. Using geochemical data for evaluation, presentation and interpretation. UK: Longman Group UK Limited ISBN-0-582-06701-4.Spalding M., Blasco F., Field C., 2010. World atlas of mangrove. Cambridge: Earthscan in UK and US, ISBN: 978-1-84407-657-4.Strady E., Dang V.B., Némery J., Guédron S., Dinh Q.T., Denis H., Nguyen P.D., 2016. Baseline seasonal investigation of nutrients and trace metals in surface waters and sediments along the Saigon River basin impacted by the megacity of HCM, Viet Nam. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1-18. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7660-7.Tam N.F., Wong Y.S., 1996. Retention and distribution of heavy metals in mangrove soils receiving wastewater. Environment pollution, 94(5), 283-291.Thomas N., Lucas R., Bunting P., Hardy A., Rosenqvist A., Simard M., 2017. Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996– 2010. PLoS ONE, 12(6): e0179302, 1-14. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179302.Thuy H.T., Loan T.T., Vy N.N., 2007. Study on environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in urban canal sediments of Ho Chi Minh city. Science and Technology Development, 10(01), 1-9.Toan T.T., Bay N.T., 2006. A study on the tendency of accretion and erosion in Can Gio coastal zone. Vietnam-Japan estuary workshop, 184-194.Tri N.H., Hong P.N., Cuc L.T., 2000. Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve Ho Chi Minh city, Ha Noi, Viet Nam. Ha Noi: Hanoi University Publisher.Truong T.V., 2007. Planning for water source of Dong Nai river basin. Retrieved from Water Resources Planning: http://siwrp.org.vn/tin-tuc/quy-hoach-tai-nguyen-nuoc-luu-vuc-song-dong-nai_143.html.Tuan L.D., Oanh T.T., Thanh C.V., Quy N.D., 2002. Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve. HCM city, Vietnam: Agriculture Publisher.Tue N.T., Quy T.D., Amono A., 2012. Historical profiles of trace element concentrations in Mangrove sediments from the Ba Lat estuary, Red river, Vietnam. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, 223(3), 1315-1330.Twilley R., Chen R., Hargis T., 1992. Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implications to carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems. Water, Air & Soil pollution, Netherland, 64, 265-288.UN Environment Program, 2006. Methods for sediment sampling and analysis. Palermo (Sicily), Italy: United Nation Environment Program.UNESCO, 2000. List of Biosphere reserves approved by MAB committee belonging to UNESCO. Retrieved from United Nations, Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (UNESCO): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific.Vandenberghe N., 1975. An evaluation of CM patterns for grain size studies of fine grained sediments. Sedimentology, 22, 615-622.Vinh B.T., Ichiro D., 2012. Erosion mechanism of cohesive river bank and bed of Soai Rap river (Ho Chi Minh city). J. Sci. of the Earth, 34(2), 153-161.Wang J., Du H., Xu Y., Chen K., Liang J., Ke H., Cai M., 2016. Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems. BioMed Research International, Article ID 2167053, 1-14. Doi:10.1155/2016/2167053.Wedepohl K.H., 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(7), 1217-1232.Woodroffe C., Rogers K., McKee K., Lovelock C., Mendelssohn I., Saintilan N., 2016. Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. The Annual Review of Marine Science, 8, 243-266.Zhang J., Liu C.L., 2002. Riverine Composition and Estuarine Geochemistry of Particulate Metals in China-Weathering Features, Anthropogenic Impact and Chemical Fluxes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(6), 1051-1070.Zhang W., Feng H., Chang J., Qu J., Xie H., Yu L., 2009. Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone: An assessment from different indexes. Environmental Pollution, 157, 1533-1543.Zheng W.-j., Xiao-yong C., Peng L., 1997. Accumulation and biological cycling of heavy metal elements in Rhizophora stylosa mangroves in Yingluo Bay, China. Marine ecology progress series, 159, 293-301.

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PIMPLE, Uday. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la forêt de mangrove dans la province de Trat en Thaïlande." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 353 (October 1, 2022): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.353.a36999.

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In the United Nations 2021–2030 ecosystem restoration programme, coastal ecosystems such as mangroves are listed as a priority for biodiversity restoration. Therefore, understanding mangrove species diversity and changes over time are essential to predict ecosystem health, viability and resilience to changing climatic and human pressures. However, when considering future conservation ambitions and policies for mangroves, it is also crucial to understand the effects of conservation interventions. To address these concerns, we needed to develop reliable inventory methods for mangrove forests, spatialised predictions of biodiversity and good practices for using Earth observation data. In this study, we investigated the gaps in knowledge concerning the spatial organisation, intertidal zones and the recent history of mangroves in Thailand's Trat province. We investigated the impacts on forest diversification of environmental parameters, such as topography, and of human interventions such as stand rehabilitation or plantations. We were able to integrate historical multi-satellite data, current ecological data and micro-topographic measurements to establish the status and describe the spatial organisation of the mangrove forests in the Province of Trat. Using the method described in this study, we were able to overcome the technical limitations of monitoring protocols and thus develop a powerful decision-support system to assess the recovery period of mangrove forests, their structural growth and the species composition of plantations and natural native stands over three decades. Our study also identifies the main influencing factors that compromise the quality of Earth observation data, and proposes specific best practices for monitoring mangrove ecosystems. In addition, we developed the ARMA tool (Automatic Regrowth Monitoring Algorithm) and summarized functional indicators (secondary succession) by type of stand. ARMA can identify the years of planting, recovery period, age and structural development of rehabilitated mangroves compared to adjacent natural and naturally regenerating mangroves. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to research on mangrove biodiversity, as it has several potential applications for forest restoration planning and management. It can therefore be a useful tool to measure and assess biodiversity and thereby improve ecosystem-based mangrove forest management.

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Waiyasusri, Katawut, and Srilert Chotpantarat. "Spatial Evolution of Coastal Tourist City Using the Dyna-CLUE Model in Koh Chang of Thailand during 1990–2050." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010049.

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Spatial evolution can be traced by land-use change (LUC), which is a frontier issue in the field of geography. Using the limited areas of Koh Chang in Thailand as the research case, this study analyzed the simulation of its spatial evolution from a multi-scenario perspective on the basis of the 1900–2020 thematic mapper/operational land imager (TM/OLI) remote sensing data obtained through the transfer matrix model, and modified LUC and the dynamic land-use change model (Dyna-CLUE). Over the past 30 years, the expansion of recreation areas and urban and built-up land has been very high (2944.44% and 486.99%, respectively) along the western coast of Koh Chang, which replaced the original mangrove forests, orchards, and communities. Logistic regression analysis of important variables affecting LUC revealed that population density variables and coastal plain topography significantly affected LUC, which showed strong β coefficients prominently in the context of a coastal tourist city. The results of the LUC and logistic regression analyses were used to predict future LUCs in the Dyna-CLUE model to simulate 2050 land-use in three scenarios: (1) natural evolution scenario, where a large patch expansion of agricultural land extends along the edge of the entire forest boundary around the island, particularly the southwestern areas of the island that should be monitored; (2) reserved area protection scenario, where the boundary of the conservation area is incorporated into the model, enabling forest preservation in conjunction with tourism development; and (3) recreation area growth scenario, where the southern area is the most susceptible to change at the new road crossing between Khlong Kloi village to Salak Phet village, and where land-use of the recreation area type is expanding. The model-projected LUC maps provide insights into possible changes under multiple pathways, which could help local communities, government agencies, and stakeholders jointly allocate resource planning in a systematic way, so that the development of various infrastructures to realize the potential impact on the environment is a sustainable coastal tourist city development.

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Pimple, Uday, Dario Simonetti, Asamaporn Sitthi, Sukan Pungkul, Kumron Leadprathom, Henry Skupek, Jaturong Som-ard, Valery Gond, and Sirintornthep Towprayoon. "Google Earth Engine Based Three Decadal Landsat Imagery Analysis for Mapping of Mangrove Forests and Its Surroundings in the Trat Province of Thailand." Journal of Computer and Communications 06, no. 01 (2018): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2018.61025.

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Limtong, S., W. Youngmanitchai, H. Kawasaki, and T. Seki. "Candida phangngensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the Yarrowia clade, isolated from water in mangrove forests in Phang-Nga Province, Thailand." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65506-0.

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Limtong, Savitree, Hiroko Kawasaki, Wichien Youngmanitchai, and Tatsuji Seki. "Candida phangngensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the Yarrowia clade, isolated from water in mangrove forests in Phang-Nga Province, Thailand." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-58-3-745.

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Hwanhlem, Noraphat, Jean-Marc Chobert, and Aran H-Kittikun. "Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from mangrove forests in southern Thailand as potential bio-control agents in food: Isolation, screening and optimization." Food Control 41 (July 2014): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.021.

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Fisher, Micah, Ahmad Maryudi, and Muhammad Alif K. Sahide. "Forest and Society: Initiating a Southeast Asia Journal for Theoretical, Empirical, and Regional Scholarship." Forest and Society 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i1.1369.

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Welcome to our first edition. We are excited to provide a new, and what we believe, timely avenue for presenting research findings and publications in Southeast Asia, for scholars interested in Southeast Asia. Although Southeast Asia as a region of study has provided tremendous contributions to theory and practice regarding forests and society across the social and natural sciences, avenues for cultivating a scholarship of the region remain limited. We seek to engage on a broad set of themes through the application of targeted research related to timely issues affecting the human-environment interface in a diverse region that we have much to learn from. We take a broad understanding of the forest - as a politico-administrative unit, a geographic area, and as an ecological unit. We do not limit the forest to its boundaries but rather seek to engage on the dynamics of change in social and ecological processes. Under such an umbrella, new approaches and methods become possible. ‘Forest’ can be analyzed as land use, ecological process, divided across watersheds, as landscapes, mountains, and more. The lens of ‘society’ allows for opportunities to understand change, whether it is the interaction between a resource to be preserved, exploited, forgotten, or erased. Forests, therefore, operate as the clues of what once was, has become, and what can be. Particularly in the age of climate change, riddled by increasingly complex challenges, a new dimension also emerges for the forest. Different perspectives at different scales – from the local to the global – provide equally important dimensions, and are those which we seek to provide avenues to learn from, and communicate through this journal. As the reader will find in this inaugural issue, we have compiled an initial set of studies across multiple methods and geographies that help to set the terms of future editions. We examine: historical political ecologies of land use around opium cultivation in the uplands of Thailand; emerging governance regimes of corporate social responsibility in Myanmar; the capacity of new state institutions to manage land conflict in forest estate lands in Indonesia; a close analysis of forest harvesting and management in a mangrove forest in Malaysia; and, an economic valuation of non-timber forest products in a national park in Indonesia. There is much to choose from and much more to delve into. We hope that this issue serves as an impetus to engage on these timely themes and further encourages new ideas for submissions.

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Hwanhlem, Noraphat, Vanessa Biscola, Shady El-Ghaish, Emmanuel Jaffrès, Xavier Dousset, Thomas Haertlé, Aran H-Kittikun, and Jean-Marc Chobert. "Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Mangrove Forests in Southern Thailand as Potential Bio-Control Agents: Purification and Characterization of Bacteriocin Produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KT2W2L." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 5, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-013-9150-2.

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LONG, PHAN KE, NGUYEN DINH TU, and VLADIMIR G. GAGARIN. "Paranticoma lepta sp. n. and Elzalia bipectinella Hope & Aryuthaka, 2009 from water bodies of Vietnam." Zootaxa 4571, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.9.

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Two nematode species found in water bodies of Vietnam are described and illustrated. Paranticoma lepta sp. n., found in mangroves of the Yen River estuary is morphologically close to P. bendaense Micoletzky, 1930 and P. tricerviseta Zhang, 2005. From the former species it differs by the shorter cephalic setae and shorter tail, more anteriorly located cervical setae and shorter spicules. From the second species it differs by its thicker body, comparatively longer tail, longer spicules and absence of tooth-like structures in stoma. An illustrated description of males and females of Elzalia bipectinella Hope & Aryuthaka 2009 is given, originally described from mangrove forest in the Andaman Sea coastal zone of east Thailand. Females of this species are described for the first time.

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Kamthonkiat, D., C. Rodfai, A. Saiwanrungkul, S. Koshimura, and M. Matsuoka. "Geoinformatics in mangrove monitoring: damage and recovery after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Phang Nga, Thailand." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2011): 1851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1851-2011.

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Abstract. In the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, it has been proven that mangrove ecosystems provide protection against coastal disasters by acting as bioshields. Satellite data have been effectively used to detect, assess, and monitor the changes in mangroves during the pre- and post- tsunami periods. However, not much information regarding mangrove restoration or reforestation is available. Rather than undertaking time-consuming fieldwork, this study proposed using geoinformatic technologies such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) to monitor the mangrove recovery. The analysis focused only on the tsunami-impacted mangrove areas along the western coast of the Tai Muang, Takuapa and Khuraburi Districts of Phang Nga Province, southern region of Thailand. The results consisted of 2 parts, first: the supervised classification of main land uses, namely forest, mangrove, agricultural land, built-up area, bare soil, water body, and miscellaneous covers in ASTER images, was conducted using the maximum likelihood method with higher than 75 % for overall accuracy. Once the confusion between classes was improved in post-processing, the accuracy of mangrove class was greater than 85 % for all dates. The results showed that the mangrove area in 2005 was reduced by approximately 5 % (1054.5 ha) from 2003 due to the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Although the recovery program (replacing the same species of dead mangrove trees, mainly the Rhizophora apiculata Bl and Rhizophora mucronata Poir, in situ) had started by mid-2005, the areas gradually decreased to approximately 7–8 % in 2006 and 2010 compared with the reference year of 2003. Second, the recovery trend was observed in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) fluctuation curve and the supporting field survey data. The recovery patterns were summarized into 2 categories: (i) gradually recovery, and (ii) fluctuating recovery. The gradually recovery category that implied the homogeneous pattern or uniform reforestation was observed in the seriously damaged area where most of the mangrove trees were swept away during the tsunami. This pattern covered approximately 50.35 % of the total reforested area. The NDVI time series of the uniform or homogeneous reforested mangrove at the sampled plots has gradually increased after 2005. The fluctuating recovery category that implied the heterogeneous pattern or non-uniform reforestation was observed in partially damaged areas where some of the mangrove trees were swept away and broken but still some trees were remained in the area. The heterogeneous patterns covered approximately 49.65 % of the total reforested area.

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Hongwiset, Sarawan, Chadtip Rodtassana, Sasitorn Poungparn, Suthathip Umnouysin, and Akira Komiyama. "Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Mangrove Root Sphere under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in Eastern Thailand." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080966.

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Mangrove ecosystems under tropical monsoon climates experience changes in environmental factors, especially seasonal variations in salinity. These changes might have direct influences on the mangrove root sphere, which plays an important role in carbon dynamics and supports mangrove growth. We aimed to elucidate how the soil properties including salinity and nutrient budget affect the mangrove roots in the wet and dry seasons across the mangrove zonation (Avicennia, Rhizophora, and Xylocarpus zones). This area is in a secondary forest at the Trat River estuary, eastern Thailand. Root mass was observed at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths across all zones and the living roots were separated into diameter classes. The soil water salinity was measured at a 10 cm depth. We analyzed the nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon contents in the roots and soil. Spatiotemporal changes occurred due to the vegetation zonation and the variations in salinity and the content of soil available phosphorus that caused different root sphere conditions along the distance from the river. The highest root biomass was found in the riverward Avicennia zone, which was 4.8 times higher than that of the inland Xylocarpus zone in the wet season. The root necromass distribution along the zonation showed an opposite trend to that of biomass. Among seasons, the root size-class proportion differed, with high fine roots observed during the wet season. We confirmed that the root sphere showed both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Mangrove roots, especially fine roots, interacted with changing salinity, inundation regime, and biological processes evoked by microtopographic gradients as a consequence of mangrove zonation and seasonal rainfall. Our findings indicate how the root sphere differed by specific vegetation structure in this mangrove forest. Therefore, these might provide an ecological perspective for the mangrove rehabilitation plans to facilitate below-ground carbon stock.

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Roemer, H., G. Kaiser, H. Sterr, and R. Ludwig. "Using remote sensing to assess tsunami-induced impacts on coastal forest ecosystems at the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2010): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-729-2010.

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Abstract. The December 2004 tsunami strongly impacted coastal ecosystems along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. In this paper tsunami-induced damage of five different coastal forest ecosystems at the Phang-Nga province coast is analysed with a remote sensing driven approach based on multi-date IKONOS imagery. Two change detection algorithms, change vector analysis (CVA) and direct multi-date classification (DMC), are applied and compared regarding their applicability to assess tsunami impacts. The analysis shows that DMC outperforms CVA in terms of accuracy (Kappa values for DMC ranging between 0.947 and 0.950 and between 0.610–0.730 for CVA respectively) and the degree of detail of the created change classes. Results from DMC show that mangroves were the worst damaged among the five forests, with a 55% of directly damaged forest in the study area, followed by casuarina forest and coconut plantation. Additionally this study points out the uncertainties in both methods which are mainly due to a lack of ground truth information for the time between the two acquisition dates of satellite images. The created damage maps help to better understand the way the tsunami impacted coastal forests and give basic information for estimating tsunami sensitivity of coastal forests.

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Monji, Nobutaka, Ken Hamotani, Takashi Hirano, Toshifumi Fukagawa, Kazutoshi Yabuki, and Vipak Jintana. "CO2 and Heat Exchange of Mangrove Forest in Thailand." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 52, no. 5 (1997): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.52.489.

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Buatip, Somsak, Supaporn Saengkeaw, and Supakan Buatip. "Discovery of large mangrove-dwelling Elysia species in the newly-grown mangrove habitats, Pattani, Thailand." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v10i2.1002.

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The first report on the occurrence of the remarkable and highly ephemeral sap-sucking sea slugs Elysia bangtawaensis and E. leucolegnote from the newly grown mangrove forest in the Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand. Elysia was surveyed by exploring from the inner part to the floor front zone of the mangrove area. The various sizes and numbers of E. bangtawaensis were clumped distribution in some microhabitats throughout the area, while E. leucolegnote was distributed in the floor front zone of the area. Both species have similar external morphological characters with conspecifics previously reported in Pattani Bay, Gulf of Thailand, Andaman Sea, and elsewhere. E. bangtawaensis showed a surprisingly larger size than previously reported. This discovery is important in identifying the changes in ecosystems within the area to support the diversity of organisms that will come to use the area in the future.

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Balke, T., T. J. Bouma, P. M. J. Herman, E. M. Horstman, C. Sudtongkong, and E. L. Webb. "Cross-shore gradients of physical disturbance in mangroves: implications for seedling establishment." Biogeosciences 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2013): 5411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5411-2013.

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Abstract. Mangroves may grow in an active sedimentary environment and are therefore closely linked to physical coastal processes. Seedlings colonize dynamic tidal flats, after which mangroves have the potential to change their physical environment by attenuating hydrodynamic energy and trapping sediments. Disturbance from hydrodynamic energy of waves or currents and the resulting sediment dynamics appear to be a critical bottleneck for seedling establishment on tidal flats and at the forest fringe. However, knowledge about the mechanisms at the single plant level and the spatial pattern of disturbance is limited. By means of a flume study, we demonstrate that a surface erosion threshold of as little as 1–3 cm depth can lead to failure of young seedlings. By monitoring accretion/erosion for 8 months along cross-shore transects in southwest Thailand, we show that, especially on the bare mudflat, the physical sediment disturbance regularly exceeds the critical erosion thresholds derived from the flume study. Physical sediment parameters along the same transects were analysed to deduct patterns of hydrodynamic energy attenuation. Grain size analysis and erosion/accretion data showed only limited energy dissipation within the fringing Avicennia/Sonneratia zone; sediment dynamics only dropped below lethal values for seedlings within the denser Rhizophora zone. Overall, present results emphasize that (i) seedling survival is extremely sensitive to physically driven sediment dynamics and (ii) that such physical disturbances are not only present on the tidal flats but can penetrate a significant distance into the forest. Spatio-temporal patterns in sediment dynamics should hence be considered when conducting restoration of mangrove ecosystems.

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Balke, T., T. J. Bouma, P. M. J. Herman, E. M. Horstman, C. Sudtongkong, and E. L. Webb. "Cross-shore gradients of physical disturbance in mangroves: implications for seedling establishment." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2013): 5361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-5361-2013.

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Abstract. Mangroves grow in an active sedimentary environment and are therefore closely linked to physical coastal processes. Seedlings colonize dynamic tidal flats, after which mangroves have the potential to change their physical environment by attenuating hydrodynamic energy and trapping sediments. Disturbance from hydrodynamic energy of waves or currents and the resulting sediment dynamics appear to be a critical bottleneck for seedling establishment on tidal flats and at the forest fringe. However, knowledge about the mechanisms at the single plant level and the spatial pattern of disturbance is limited. By means of a flume study, we demonstrate that a surface erosion threshold of as little as 1–3 cm depth can lead to failure of young seedlings. By monitoring accretion/erosion for 8 months along cross-shore transects in southwest Thailand, we show that especially on the bare mudflat, the physical sediment disturbance regularly exceed the critical erosion thresholds derived from the flume study. Physical sediment parameters along the same transects were analysed to deduct patterns of hydrodynamic energy attenuation. Grain size analysis and erosion/accretion data showed only limited energy dissipation within the fringing Avicennia/Sonneratia zone, sediment dynamics only dropped below for seedlings lethal values within the denser Rhizophora zone. Overall, present results emphasize that (i) seedling survival is extremely sensitive to physical-driven sediment dynamics and (ii) that such physical disturbances are not only present on the idal flats but can penetrate a significant distance into the forest. Spatio-temporal patterns in sediment dynamics should hence be considered when conducting restoration of mangrove ecosystems.

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NAGANO, Toshihide. "Measurements of environmental conditions in Mangrove forest at Phang-nga, Thailand." Environment Control in Biology 29, no. 1 (1991): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb1963.29.45.

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Cheablam, Onanong, and Boontaree Chanklap. "Sustainable Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Product Utilization in Thailand." Scientifica 2020 (September 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3856203.

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Nipa palms, a plant species in mangrove forest, are valuable and beneficial for the local community’s economy as well as the conservation in the southern region of Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the use of nipa palms in Khanap Nak and focused on the type of products made from nipa palms and the yield of this plant through focus group discussion and interview with the farmers maintaining nipa palm forest. The results suggested that nipa palms in Khanap Nak can yield for 5–100 years. Apart from the benefits to the community in terms of sustainability, as it prevents erosion, it provides sources for the production of food (molasses, granulated sugar, syrup, and vinegar from sap) and raw materials (roofing material and cigarette paper from leaves and stem), which can generate income to community members. It was found that most of the communities earn 90–130 USD/day from palm sugar production. The quantity of nipa palm products varies in each season, resulting in different prices. In this regard, they can produce high quantity of products made from sap from January to March. However, the production of different types of sugar requires local knowledge and wisdom to ensure good quality. Nipa palm production is the sustainable way to utilize mangrove forest resources, leading to effective conservation and good life quality. Regarding problems and difficulties in farming, it was found that natural disaster is a major threat, such as drought, excessive amount of salt or freshwater in certain periods, and insect pests.

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Suanpaga, Weerakaset, and Wathinee Suanpaga. "Relationships of Vegetation Indices and Biomass of Mangrove Forest Plantation in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 10, no. 3 (2019): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2019.10.3.1152.

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Upakankaew, Kamonporn, Sarawut Ninsawat, Salvatore G. P. Virdis, and Nophea Sasaki. "Discrimination of Mangrove Stages Using Multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-Band Backscatter and Sentinel-2 Data—A Case Study in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091433.

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Discrimination of mangrove stage changes is useful for the conservation of this valuable natural resource. However, present-day optical satellite imagery is not fully reliable due to its high sensitivity to weather conditions and tidal variables. Here, we used the Vertical Transmit—Vertical Receive Polarization (VV) and Vertical Transmit—Horizontal Receive Polarization (VH) backscatter from the same and multiple-incidence angles from Sentinel-1 SAR C-band along with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDVIRE) and Chlorophyll Index Green (CIGreen) from the optical satellite imageries from Sentinel-2 to discriminate between the changes in disturbance, recovery, and healthy mangrove stages in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. We found the mean NDVI values to be 0.08 (±0.11), 0.19 (±0.09), and −0.53 (±0.16) for the three stages, respectively. We further found their correlation with VH backscatter from the multiple-incidence angles at about −17.98 (±2.34), −16.43 (±1.59), and −13.40 (±1.07), respectively. The VH backscatter from multiple-incidence angles was correlated with NDVI using Pearson’s correlation (𝑟2 = 0.62). However, Pearson’s correlation of a single plot (ID2) of mangrove stage change from disturbance to recovery, and then on to the healthy mangrove stage, displayed a 𝑟2 of 0.93 (p value is less than 0.0001, n = 34). This indicated that the multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-band backscatter and Sentinel-2 data could be used to discriminate mangrove stages, and that a reduced correlation to significant observations was the result of variations in both optical and SAR backscatter data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mangrove forests Thailand'

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