Journal articles on the topic 'Mangrove ecology'
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1
Tai, Akira, Akihiro Hashimoto, Takuya Oba, Kazuki Kawai, Kazuaki Otsuki, Hiromitsu Nagasaka, and Tomonori Saita. "Growth of Mangrove Forests and the Influence on Flood Disaster at Amami Oshima Island, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0486.
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“Mangrove” is the generic name for plants growing on tropical and subtropical tidal flats. The mangrove is used for many things, including disaster protecting land from high waves and tides and tsunamis, cleaning rivers and drainage containing soil and sand, and providing a variety of organisms with living space. Climate change and rising sea levels are threatening the future of the mangrove. Developing effective ways to conserve mangroves is thus needed, but more must be known about how the mangrove’s ecology and how it develops. It has been pointed out, for example, that mangroves increased flooding by the Sumiyo River in Amami Oshima. We studied ways to develop the mangrove at the Sumiyo River mouth in Amami Oshima and its influence in local flooding, finding that the current mangrove forest had little influence on flooding and that sediment deposition accelerating in Sumiyo Bay due to a sea dike could enlarge the mangrove forest in future.
2
Raju Aluri, Jacob Solomon. "Reproductive Ecology of Mangrove Flora: Conservation and Management." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 133–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0026.
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ABSTRACT Mangroves are dynamic and unique inter-tidal ecosystems, common in tropical and subtropical coastal environments. They are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and are important in protecting coasts from erosion by fierce tides, in promoting the diversity of marine organisms and fisheries by contributing a quantity of food and providing favourable habitats for animals. These economic uses of mangroves indicate that they play an important role in the lives and economies in the coastal regions of different countries. Mangrove forests are under immense threat worldwide due to their multiple economic uses and alterations of freshwater inflows by various upstream activities in catchment areas. Mangrove plants with unique adaptations play a crucial role in sustaining life in mangrove forests. Their reproductive biology is central to understanding the structural and functional components of mangrove forests. The success of sexual reproduction and subsequent population expansion in mangrove plants is linked to flowering timings, pollinators and tidal currents. Viviparous and cryptoviviparous plants are true mangroves while non-viviparous ones are mangrove associates. The dispersal propagule is seedling in viviparous and non-viviparous plants while it is seed in nonviviparous plants. In this study, viviparous and crypto-viviparous species were included for study. These species are self-compatible, self-pollinating and also cross-pollinating; such a breeding system is a requirement for the success of sexual reproduction and subsequent build up and expansion of population. They are entomophilous in the study region. The viviparous plants include Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. cylindrica. The non-viviparous plants include Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegialitis rotundifolia. Sexual reproduction and regeneration events are annual in these plants and are dependent on local insects, tidal currents and nutrient content in estuarine environment. In recent times, erratic and insufficient rainfall together with industrial pollutants released into rivers is causing negative effects on the growth, development and regeneration of mangrove flora. In effect, there is a gradual decrease in mangrove cover. Added to this is continuous exploitation of mangrove plants for fuel wood, creation of shelters for cattle and changes for industrial establishments and aquaculture development in estuarine regions. As a consequence, the existing mangrove cover is struggling to survive and also not in a position to support local needs and provide livelihood opportunities through fishery resources. Further, reduced mangrove cover is showing catastrophic effects on fishing communities who live along the shore line during the period of cyclonic surges and tsunami events.
3
Padmakumar, Vidya, and Murugan S. "Mangrove ecology and species distribution along the Gorai Creek of Mumbai coast, Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.6.4.4.
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The extensive mangrove forest of Gorai Creek, Mumbai coast, has recently seen substantial deterioration. The results of a study on mangrove diversity conducted in Gorai Creek on the Mumbai coast from June 2017 to May 2018 are presented here. During the course of the study, twelve species of mangroves from five families and eight genera were identified in each of the three study locations along the creek. Avicennia marina accounted for 13.44% of the Gorai creek marshes, confirming its predominance. Sonneratia alba, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera cylindrica, Kandelia candel, and Acanthus ilicifolius are among the mangrove species found in the estuarine embayment, with other species strewn around. A diverse range of species, including endangered migratory birds and herpetofauna, can be found in these mangrove environments. Mangroves have been observed to have narrowed in density with time, and it is critical to begin conservation efforts as speedily as humanly possible.
4
Payne, Nicholas Leslie, and Bronwyn May Gillanders. "Assemblages of fish along a mangrove - mudflat gradient in temperate Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08124.
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Mangroves are considered to support rich assemblages of fish and invertebrates. Fishes inhabiting mangrove habitats and at various distances from mangroves across mudflats were sampled to: (1) compare fish assemblages between habitats; and (2) determine the influence of mangrove proximity on fish abundance and diversity in three southern Australian estuaries between November 2005 and January 2006. Based on their distribution, fish species were classified as mangrove residents, mudflat residents, generalists or rare species. The assemblage structure of fish in mangroves differed from assemblages 500 m away; however, neither total abundance nor species richness differed significantly between mangroves and mudflats. Mangrove residents and Aldrichetta forsteri (yellow-eyed mullet) displayed strong associations with mangrove habitats, whereas mudflat residents were associated with mudflat habitats. No other fish groups or individual species occurred in higher abundances in either habitat. Total fish abundance, mangrove residents and A. forsteri were positively correlated with pneumatophore density, indicating that the structural complexity of the mangroves might influence the distributions of certain fish species. The current study demonstrated that mangrove habitats in temperate Australia support no greater abundance or diversity of fish than adjacent mudflat habitats and that mangrove proximity does not influence fish distribution at a habitat scale.
5
Schmitz, Hermes J., Paulo R. P. Hofmann, and Vera L. S. Valente. "Assemblages of drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mangrove forests: community ecology and species diversity." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 100, no. 2 (June 2010): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212010000200008.
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Brazilian fauna of drosophilids has been researched in various ecosystems, but those in mangrove forests remain overlooked in Brazil and elsewhere. The present study attempts to characterise the assemblages of drosophilids of this environment, based on 28 collections taken in three mangrove areas in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. The three mangroves surveyed were different in their surroundings, which varied from highly urbanised areas to conservation areas with natural vegetation. Overall, 69 species were collected, and no remarkable difference was detected in species composition and abundances or in the richness, evenness and heterogeneity between sites. The species abundance distribution observed fitted to a theoretical lognormal distribution in the three mangroves. The species richness scored and the performance of the species richness estimators showed an unexpectedly high diversity, considering the very low floristic diversity and the harsh conditions of the environment. Regarding species composition and abundances, the drosophilid mangrove assemblages were shown to be more similar to those found in open environments, with a marked dominance of exotic species. Finally, considering the apparent lack of feeding and breeding sites, we suggest that mangrove forests are acting as sink habitats for the drosophilids populations.
6
PURWANTI, Pudji, Mochammad FATTAH, Vika Annisa QURRATA, and Bagus Shandy NARMADITYA. "AN INSTITUTIONAL REINFORCEMENT MODEL FOR THE PROTECTION OF MANGROVES SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN INDONESIA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35227-674.
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This study aims at examining the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism at Cengkrong Mangroves Ecotourism in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was adopted to capture the complexity of the phenomenon. The study was conducted in an area with most mangroves in Indonesia, including Cengkrong Ecotourism in Trenggalek, East Java. Sustainability is achieved when each stakeholder makes a positive contribution to others in ecology, economy, social, institutional and law enforcement, and technology. Using multi-dimensional scaling and Monte Carlo approach, the findings of this study indicate that Cengkrong mangrove ecotourism is classified as “sustainable” (76.20%). The highest dimension is ecology due to the minimum level of pollution in the area. Even Cengkrong beach mangrove is a tourist destination which is potentially polluted by the tourist; however, the area is not densely populated. Nevertheless, amongst the other indicator, social is the lowest (67.95%).
7
Lugo, Ariel E., Ernesto Medina, and Kathleen McGinley. "Issues and Challenges of Mangrove conservation in the Anthropocene." Madera y Bosques 20 (December 5, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2014.200146.
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This essay addresses the conservation issues facing mangroves in the Anthropocene, defined as the era of human domination over the world. We review the laws, policies, international agreements, and local actions that address the conservation of mangrove forests in the Neotropics and relate them to the Anthropocene. Collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and communities that depend on mangroves for their livelihood will be critical in the Anthropocene. The essay also reviews recent developments in mangrove ecology and ecophysiology that enlighten how mangroves might respond to changes in temperature and rainfall, sea level rise, and other anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Mangroves in the Anthropocene will also face changes in their species composition given the current movement of mangroves species across continental barriers as a result of human activity. These trends will lead to novel mangrove forests and in some cases expand the range of mangroves worldwide. The solution to mangrove persistence in the Anthropocene is not to isolate mangroves from people, but to regulate interactions between mangroves and humans through effective management. We will also have to expand the scope of the ecological analysis of mangrove ecosystems to include the social forces converging on the mangroves through an analytical approach that has been termed Social Ecology. Desafíos de la conservación del mangle en el Antropoceno Este ensayo aborda los problemas de conservación que enfrentan los manglares en el Antropoceno, definido como la época de la dominación humana sobre el mundo. En él repasamos las leyes, políticas, acuerdos internacionales y las acciones locales que se ocupan de la conservación de los bosques de mangle en el Neotrópico y se relacionan con el Antropoceno. La colaboración entre gobiernos, organizaciones no gubernamentales y las comunidades que dependen de los manglares para su sustento será decisiva en el Antropoceno. El ensayo también incluye comentarios sobre los avances recientes en ecología de manglares y en ecofisiología que explican cómo los manglares podrían responder a los cambios de temperatura y precipitación, el aumento del nivel del mar y otras perturbaciones naturales y antropogénicas. Los manglares en el Antropoceno también enfrentarán a cambios en su composición de especies, dado el actual movimiento de especies de manglares a través de barreras continentales como resultado de la actividad humana. Estas tendencias conducirán a nuevas formaciones de manglares y en algunos casos ampliarán la presencia de los manglares en todo el mundo. La solución a la persistencia de manglares en el Antropoceno es no aislar a los manglares de la gente, sino regular las interacciones entre los manglares y los seres humanos a través de una gestión eficaz. También tendremos que ampliar el alcance del análisis ecológico de los ecosistemas de manglar para incluir las fuerzas sociales convergentes en los manglares a través de un enfoque analítico que se ha denominado Ecología Social.
8
Epilia, Tjan Venny, and Budi A. Sukada. "PUSAT REKREASI DAN EDUKASI PEMBUDIDAYAAN MANGROVE." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12376.
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Ecology is formed by the reciprocal relationship between living things and their environment forming an orderly system.Changes in one system will surely affect the others and disturbing the whole systems. Architecture seeks to minimize such a disturbance by building spatial quality with ecology in mind. The case of mangroves existence is taken due to its number of benefits, especially for coastal communities as well as mangrove forests being a home for all living things that stay and breed there. Sadly, not all mangroves are in good condition. Number of mangroves in Indonesia that are damaged, threatened, and neglected is increasing every year. The main cause of such destruction is conversion of land into settlements, agriculture, and industry. All of them give an impact on increasing abrasion, hence causing the land to decrease, flooding the residentials, and threating them to drown. There is an urgent need for mangrove restoration and management to prevent reduction of mangrove area. One way to do it is by providing education for the communities in concerned to increase their knowledge on the important role of mangroves so that they can be more care for such a kind of environment, being able to manage, protect and preserve its ecosystem so as to ensure its sustainability while increasing public awareness of the environment. The educational activities, on the other hand, can be collaborated with recreational activities that support nature conservation and maintain existing mangroves. With such facilities, it is hoped that mangroves can be preserved. Keywords: Education; Mangrove; Recreation AbstrakEkologi terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya membentuk suatu sistem yang teratur. Jika sistem tersebut mengalami perubahan akan mempengaruhi ekosistem lainnya dan membuat ekosistem terganggu. Arsitektur mengupayakan memperkecil gangguan yang terjadi pada ekosistem tersebut dengan membangun kualitas spasial dengan pemikiran ekologis. Keberadaan mangrove memiliki sejumlah manfaat terutama bagi masyarakat pesisir pantai. Tidak hanya masyarakat pesisir saja tetapi hutan mangrove menjadi ‘rumah’ bagi semua makhluk hidup yang hidup dan berkembangbiak disana. Namun tidak semua mangrove dalam kondisi baik, saat ini jumlah mangrove di Indonesia yang dalam kondisi rusak, terancam, dan terabaikan semakin bertambah tiap tahunnya. Penyebab utama terjadinya kerusakan hutan mangrove adalah konversi lahan yang beralihfungsi menjadi pemukiman, pertambakan, dan industri yang berdampak meningkatnya abrasi yang menyebabkan daratan semakin berkurang, rumah penduduk tergenang air, dan terancam tenggelam. Perlunya pemulihan dan pengelolaan mangrove sebagai antisipasi yang dapat dilakukan mencegah berkurangnya luasan mangrove. Salah satu cara melestarikan mangrove dengan memberikan edukasi bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan akan pentingnya peranan mangrove sehingga masyarakat dapat lebih peka dan peduli lingkungan. Dengan demikian masyarakat dapat mengelola mangrove dengan baik, menjaga dan melestarikan ekosistem mangrove untuk menjamin keberlanjutannya, serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap lingkungan. Kegiatan edukasi dapat dikolaborasikan dengan kegiatan rekreasi yang mendukung konservasi alam dan mempertahankan mangrove yang ada saat ini. Dengan adanya sarana berupa pusat rekreasi dan edukasi pembudidayaan mangrove diharapkan dapat membantu menyelamatkan kerusakan mangrove sehingga dapat terlestarikan.
9
Alfaro, Andrea C. "Effects of mangrove removal on benthic communities and sediment characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern New Zealand." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 6 (May 18, 2010): 1087–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq034.
Abstract:
Abstract Alfaro, A. C. 2010. Effects of mangrove removal on benthic communities and sediment characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern New Zealand. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1087–1104. The spread of mangroves at many locations in temperate northern New Zealand provides a stark contrast to the well-documented trend in mangrove forest decline recorded through the tropics and subtropics. To explore this difference, improved understanding is needed of New Zealand's mangrove ecosystems and how they respond to anthropogenic disturbance. The effect of mangrove removal on the community ecology of mangrove stands and adjacent habitats was investigated within Mangawhai Estuary, northern New Zealand, between March 2004 and September 2006. The vegetation, benthic macrofauna, and sediments were sampled within habitats (marshgrass, mangrove stands, pneumatophore zones, sandflats, and channels) at a treatment site (mangroves removed) and two undisturbed sites, before and after mangrove-removal activities. Mature mangrove habitats had less total abundance and fewer taxa than all the other habitats sampled and were dominated by pulmonate snails (Amphibola crenata) and mud crabs (Helice crassa). Whereas faunal composition varied seasonally as a result of life-history dynamics, temporal changes could be attributed to mangrove-removal activities. Mangrove eradication was followed by immediate changes in the sediment from a muddy to sandier environment, which favoured an overall increase in the abundance of crabs, snails, and bivalves. However, unexpected topographic catchment reconfigurations in late 2005 may have caused a subsequent increase in the delivery of silt and organic content to the study area and an overall decrease in faunal density in March and September 2006. The study provides direct evidence of the effect of mangroves on sediment and benthic faunal characteristics and the importance of catchment-derived imports to estuarine ecosystems.
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Suryono, Suryono, Nur Taufiq-SPJ, Ibnu Pratikto, and Raden Ario. "Sebaran Mangrove di Desa Bumiharjo Kecamatan Keling Kabupaten Jepara." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 9, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v9i2.29067.
Abstract:
Kabupaten Jepara memiliki potensi wilayah pesisir dengan panjang garis pantai 81,6 km. Mangrove sebagai sabuk pantai hijau memiliki sebaran di setiap kecamatan pesisir. Salah satu lokasi sebaran mangrove di pesisir Jepara berada di desa Bumiharjo Kecamatan Keling. Identifikasi potensi luasan lahan serta sebaran mangrove adalah salah upaya mengetahui potensi sumberdaya pesisir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah overlay peta RBI dan peta satelit landsat 8 guna mengetahui lokasi serta luasan sebaran mangrove di lokasi penelitian.Selanjutnya dilakukan investigasi ekologi mangrove dengan Survei Lapang guna mengetahui distribusi dan kelimpahan mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hutan mangrove dilokasi penelitian adalah seluas 4,75 Ha. Hasil identifikasi komposisi jenis mangrove ditemukan sebanyak 6 spesies mangrove yaitu: Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Soneratia alba, serta Soneratia muconata. Kerapatan rata-rata vegetasi mangrove berkisar antara 4000 – 10.000 individu/ha. Tegakan mangrove memiliki tinggi batang 5-6 meter, diameter batang berkisara antara 4,3- 5,0 cm. Kerapatan mangrove didominasi oleh Rhizophora mucronata. dengan kerapatan paling dominan adalah semai (Sapling). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa mangrove yang ada di desa Bumiharjo Kecamatan Keling kabupaten Jepara adalah dominan mangrove hasil replant. Jepara Regency has a potential coastal area with a coastline length of 81.6 km. Mangroves as coastal green belts have distribution in each coastal district. One of the mangrove distribution locations on the coast of Jepara is in the village of Bumiharjo, Keling district. Identification of the potential land area and the distribution of mangroves is an effort to determine the potential of coastal resources. The research method used is an overlay RBI map and satellite map Landsat 8 to determine the location and extent of the distribution of mangroves in research locations. Subsequently carried out an investigation of mangrove ecology with a Field Survey (Ground Truth) to determine the distribution and abundance of mangroves. The results showed that the mangrove forest in the study area was 4.75 Ha. The results of the identification of the composition of mangrove species were found as many as 6 species of mangroves, namely: Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Soneratia alba, and Soneratia muconata. the average density of mangrove vegetation ranges between 4000 - 10,000 individuals/ha. Mangrove stand has a stem height of 5-6 meters. the diameter of the stem is between 4.3 - 5.0 cm. Mangrove density is dominated by Rizophora mucronata. with the most dominant density is the seedling (Sapling). This shows that the mangroves on the coast of the Jepara district are replanted mangrove species. (rehabilitation).
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Ahalya Arulnayagam. "Floral Distribution, Diversity, and Ecology of Mangrove Forests in Mandaitivu and Arali, Sri Lanka." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 1, no. 3 (December 5, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v1i3.75.
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Mangroves in the northern parts of Sri Lanka has been understudied and often ignored by the ecologists due to several reasons. This paper contributes to the assessment of floristic diversity and community structure of mangrove forests in two sites in the Northern Province; Mandaitivu and Arali. Vegetation studies were undertaken with the use of 10m wide belt transect laid across the water-land gradient, within which, 5-7 quadrats were placed for floral identification (nMandaitivu = 67, nArali = 44). Subsurface water samples (n=57) from adjacent estuarine region were taken to assess environmental parameters. Ten true mangrove species of six families were identified altogether in both sites. Bruguiera cylindrica, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia marina showed higher niche width. Zonation exhibited Rhizophora in the fringing zone, Avicennia landward and the others in the mixed zone. Salinity in both areas were relatively high and showed a significantly positive correlation with mangrove abundance along with conductivity, tidal regime and pH. Despite of their important role in coastal dynamics, mangroves have been degraded due to anthropogenic activities, thus demanding actions for conservation in the future.
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Dahdouh-Guebas, F., M. Verneirt, J. F. Tack, D. Van Speybroeck, and N. Koedam. "Propagule predators in Kenyan mangroves and their possible effect on regeneration." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97108.
Abstract:
Grapsid crabs can play a considerable role in the predation of mangrove propagules and possibly are a threat to the regeneration of mangroves, whether natural or artificial. Experiments consisting of artificial plantation of mangrove juveniles were set up in Gazi Bay (Kenya). Grapsid crabs, particularly Neosarmatium meinerti in the most landward fringe and N. smithii and Sesarma guttatum in the middle fringe of the mangrove forest, were found to be a regeneration-limiting factor. Almost 100% (n = 40) of the landward plantations were cleared. There was a slight initial preference for Rhizophora propagules lying horizontally on the mangrove floor, which simulates the position of a stranding propagule. In Mida Creek (Kenya) the snail Terebralia palustris was observed predating mangrove propagules. This study shows that crabs may affect the regeneration potential of mangroves, and snails might also be a factor in predation. A need to actively search for ways to protect re-afforestation plots from predators of mangrove tree juveniles is necessary.
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PIMPLE, Uday. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la forêt de mangrove dans la province de Trat en Thaïlande." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 353 (October 1, 2022): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.353.a36999.
Abstract:
In the United Nations 2021–2030 ecosystem restoration programme, coastal ecosystems such as mangroves are listed as a priority for biodiversity restoration. Therefore, understanding mangrove species diversity and changes over time are essential to predict ecosystem health, viability and resilience to changing climatic and human pressures. However, when considering future conservation ambitions and policies for mangroves, it is also crucial to understand the effects of conservation interventions. To address these concerns, we needed to develop reliable inventory methods for mangrove forests, spatialised predictions of biodiversity and good practices for using Earth observation data. In this study, we investigated the gaps in knowledge concerning the spatial organisation, intertidal zones and the recent history of mangroves in Thailand's Trat province. We investigated the impacts on forest diversification of environmental parameters, such as topography, and of human interventions such as stand rehabilitation or plantations. We were able to integrate historical multi-satellite data, current ecological data and micro-topographic measurements to establish the status and describe the spatial organisation of the mangrove forests in the Province of Trat. Using the method described in this study, we were able to overcome the technical limitations of monitoring protocols and thus develop a powerful decision-support system to assess the recovery period of mangrove forests, their structural growth and the species composition of plantations and natural native stands over three decades. Our study also identifies the main influencing factors that compromise the quality of Earth observation data, and proposes specific best practices for monitoring mangrove ecosystems. In addition, we developed the ARMA tool (Automatic Regrowth Monitoring Algorithm) and summarized functional indicators (secondary succession) by type of stand. ARMA can identify the years of planting, recovery period, age and structural development of rehabilitated mangroves compared to adjacent natural and naturally regenerating mangroves. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to research on mangrove biodiversity, as it has several potential applications for forest restoration planning and management. It can therefore be a useful tool to measure and assess biodiversity and thereby improve ecosystem-based mangrove forest management.
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Motamedi, Shervin, Roslan Hashim, Rozainah Zakaria, Ki-Il Song, and Bakrin Sofawi. "Long-Term Assessment of an Innovative Mangrove Rehabilitation Project: Case Study on Carey Island, Malaysia." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/953830.
Abstract:
Wave energy and storm surges threaten coastal ecology and nearshore infrastructures. Although coastal structures are conventionally constructed to dampen the wave energy, they introduce tremendous damage to the ecology of the coast. To minimize environmental impact, ecofriendly coastal protection schemes should be introduced. In this paper, we discuss an example of an innovative mangrove rehabilitation attempt to restore the endangered mangroves on Carey Island, Malaysia. A submerged detached breakwater system was constructed to dampen the energy of wave and trap the sediments behind the structure. Further, a large number of mangrove seedlings were planted using different techniques. Further, we assess the possibility of success for a future mangrove rehabilitation project at the site in the context of sedimentology, bathymetry, and hydrogeochemistry. The assessment showed an increase in the amount of silt and clay, and the seabed was noticeably elevated. The nutrient concentration, the pH value, and the salinity index demonstrate that the site is conducive in establishing mangrove seedlings. As a result, we conclude that the site is now ready for attempts to rehabilitate the lost mangrove forest.
15
Beitl, Christine M. "Shifting policies, access, and the tragedy of enclosures in Ecuadorian mangrove fisheries: towards a political ecology of the commons." Journal of Political Ecology 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21719.
Abstract:
After decades of mangrove deforestation for the development of shrimp farming, the Ecuadorian state began to officially recognize the ancestral rights of traditional users of coastal mangrove resources in the late 1990s. This article traces the trajectory of coastal policy change and the transformation of mangrove tenure regimes from an implicit preference for shrimp aquaculture to a focus on conservation and sustainable development with greater community participation through the establishment of community-managed mangrove areas called custodias. I argue that while the custodias have empowered local communities in their struggle to defend their livelihoods and environment against the marginalizing forces of global shrimp aquaculture, the implementation of common property arrangements for mangrove fishery management has changed the nature of property rights, the distribution of resources, and social relations among collectors of mangrove cockles (Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis). I suggest a need to develop a political ecology of the commons, an analytical approach applied here to examine the fundamental shift in the nature of the struggle over mangrove resources, from artisanal fishers versus shrimp farmers to a struggle between compañeros: members of associations versus independent cockle collectors. Such a shift in the struggle over resources threatens to undermine the sustainability of the fishery. I conclude that shifting access may be an important underlying factor contributing to a tragedy of enclosures in Ecuador's mangrove cockle fishery.Keywords: political ecology; property rights; common property; access; tragedy of enclosures; shrimp aquaculture; mangroves; artisanal fisheries; Anadara spp., Ecuador
16
Syahrial, Syahrial, and Yudi Sastriawan. "POLA SEBARAN, INDIKATOR KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DAN EKOLOGI KOMUNITAS MANGROVE PULAU TUNDA(Distribution Pattern, Environmental And Ecological Quality Indicators Of Mangrove Forest Community Pulau Tunda)." SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (August 19, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.14.1.43-51.
Abstract:
Ekosistem mangrove terdapat di seluruh pantai maupun pulau-pulau kecil Indonesia yang terpengaruh oleh pasang surut. Kajian pola sebaran, indikator kualitas lingkungan dan ekologi komunitas mangrove Pulau Tunda dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran, indikator kualitas lingkungan dan ekologi komunitas mangrovenya. Sampel mangrove diambil menggunakan transek garis dan plot yang ditarik dari titik acuan (tegakan mangrove terluar) serta tegak lurus garis pantai sampai ke daratan. Kemudian transek garis tersebut dibuat petak-petak contoh (plot) yang berukuran 10 x 10 m2 untuk kategori pohon dan di dalam ukuran 10 x 10 m2 dibuat plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 untuk kategori semai. Pola penyebaran mangrove Pulau Tunda dianalisis berdasarkan indeks Morisita. Sementara kualitas lingkungan hutan mangrove dianalisis menggunakan tutupan pohon, tutupan semai dan jumlah jenis semai yang ditemukan. Kemudian ekologi komunitas mangrove Pulau Tunda dianalisis berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman, dominansi dan keseragaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola penyebaran mangrove Pulau Tunda tergolong beraturan (regular), dimana terjadi interaksi negatif antar individu dalam memperebutkan ruang, unsur hara maupun cahaya matahari. Selain itu, kondisi hutan mangrove Pulau Tunda masih tergolong baik dengan tingkat kualitas lingkungan vegetasi mangrove 73.74%, keanekaragaman dan dominansi mangrovenya tergolong rendah (1.20 dan 0.52) dan keseragamannya tergolong labil (0.60). Mangrove ecosystems are found throughout the coast and small islands of Indonesia which are affected by tides. Distribution pattern studies, environmental quality indicators and the ecological mangrove community of Tunda Island were carried out in January 2014 with the aim to determine distribution patterns, indicators of environmental quality and ecology of the mangroves community. Mangrove samples were taken using line transects and plots drawn from reference points (outer mangrove stands) and perpendicular to the coastline to the mainland. The line transect is made of plots of sample size 10 x 10 m2 for the category of trees and in a size of 10 x 10 m2 a plot of 1 x 1 m2 is made in the seedling category. The pattern of distribution of mangroves of Tunda Island was analyzed based on the Morisita index. While the environmental quality of mangrove forests was analyzed using tree cover, seedling cover and number of seedlings found. The ecology of the Tunda Island mangrove forest community was analyzed based on the diversity index, dominance and uniformity. The results showed that the pattern of mangrove distribution of Tunda Island was regular, where there was a negative interaction between individuals in fighting over space, nutrients and sunlight. In addition, the condition of the Tunda Island mangrove forest is still relatively good with the level of environmental quality of mangrove vegetation 73.74%, the diversity and dominance of mangroves are relatively low (1.20 and 0.52) and uniformity is classified as unstable (0.60).
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Woodroffe, C. D. "Mangrove response to sea level rise: palaeoecological insights from macrotidal systems in northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 6 (2018): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17252.
Abstract:
Accelerated sea-level rise threatens coastal wetlands; it is unclear whether sediment accretion beneath mangroves will be sufficient to keep pace. A conceptual framework, used to describe the response of reefs, can also be applied to mangroves, discriminating drowning or back-stepping with rapid rise from keep-up or catch-up under moderate rates. In macrotidal estuaries of northern Australia, different mangrove species grow across particular elevation ranges and accretion rates decrease with tidal elevation. Palaeoecological reconstructions, from drilling, dating and pollen analysis, record mangrove distribution over past millennia. Estuarine plains are underlain by a vertically continuous stratigraphy of muds, implying continuity of widespread ‘big swamp’ mangrove forests during decelerating stages of post-glacial sea-level rise c. 7000 years ago. In contrast, on higher-energy open coasts, mangroves back-stepped, but re-established as the shoreline prograded when the nearshore built to suitable elevation: a catch-up mode. These results demonstrate that mangrove response to sea-level rise has varied, determined by the availability of sediment and the oceanographic processes by which it is redistributed. How mangrove forests adjust in future will also vary as a function of local topography and sediment availability. Extensive plains flanking estuarine systems are particularly vulnerable to tidal creek extension and saline incursion under future higher sea levels.
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Putri, Audina, Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen, Neviaty Putri Zamani, Ummu Salma, Novian Prahandhy Kusuma, Nanda Tiara Diningsih, and Sonja Kleinertz. "Mangrove Habitat Structure of Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata and S. olivacea) in the Bee Jay Bakau Resort Probolinggo, Indonesia." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 27, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.124-132.
Abstract:
Mud crabs (Scylla serrata and S. olivacea) are important fisheries resources, but their population in nature is decreasing due to anthropogenic activities, like the deforestation of mangrove forests. Hence, it is crucial to conserve this marine biota for future sustainable use and to conserve our marine biodiversity. Conducting studies on the biological interactions of mud crabs in mangrove habitats can be one of the future conservation approaches. Accordingly, an analysis of the functional relationships between Scylla spp. abundance and the respective mangrove habitat have to be carried out. The research was conducted in the mangrove ecosystem of Bee Jay Bakau Resort Probolinggo (BJBR). Data were collected using line transects and quadrant transects. The Associations between mangroves and mud crab habitat structures were analyzed using the Correspondence Analysis (CA) method. The results show that the relationship matrix between Scylla spp. and the structure of the mangrove habitat is centered on the F1 and F2 factorial axes (89.22%). S. serrata of all size classes were associated with dense mangroves (≥15 trees per 100m2) and high salinities (3-4 ppt), while S. olivacea has shown to be associated with rare to very dense mangrove systems. It indicates that S. olivacea tends to have a higher adaptation rate than S. serrata in this mangrove system. This study will provide information and recommendation for the conservation management of mud crabs and mangrove ecosystems to conserve marine biodiversity.
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Saenger, P. "Mangrove vegetation: an evolutionary perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97139.
Abstract:
The world-wide occurrence of mangrove vegetation and the modern floristic divergence between the Indo–Pacific and the Atlantic mangroves, can only be explained by historical processes, in that the composition of the modern mangrove flora at any one location, while subject to present-day climatic and geographical conditions, is largely relict. Although several interpretations have been offered to relate mangrove distributions to past events, none has been universally accepted. What is explored here, is that there are several historical and modern processes which in combination, have resulted in the present day distribution of mangroves. Evolutionary processes are reviewed from the fossil record and from the data on continental drift. Next, the ecological processes that are selectively acting on the various species and their distributions are examined with particular emphasis on aridity, temperature and latitudinal attentuation of species. Finally, some modern anthropogenic processes (e.g. species introductions, over-exploitation and habitat modification, afforestation) are examined in terms of their effects on mangrove distribution. As an outcome of these various processes, the modern mangrove vegetation is analysed particularly in relation to regions of endemism, vicariance among species, discontinuous distributions, hybridization and divergence. Finally, some speculation is offered in terms of future trends and evolutionary possibilities.
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Scarnecchia, David L., and Peter Saenger. "Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and Conservation." Journal of Range Management 57, no. 4 (July 2004): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003869.
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Geetha, R., N. Chandramohanakumar, and Lizen Mathews. "Seasonal Variability of Dissolved Nutrients in Mangrove Ecosystems along South West Coast of Kerala, India." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 3 (December 21, 2009): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2264.
Abstract:
The mangroves of Kerala are fast disappearing due to developmental activities. There are very few studies conducted in the chemical aspects of these ecosystems. The main objective of this study is to assess the spatial and seasonal variation of hydrographical as well as nutrients in mangrove ecosystems along Kerala coast. Five sampling sites least intervened by industries were selected for the study. Sampling was done for a period of six months in monthly intervals. A monsoonal hike of dissolved nutrients was observed in all ecosystems except in the constructed mangrove wetland. The constructed wetland exhibited a different hydrography and nutrient level in all seasons. The mangrove forest in this area consists of the species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza which has been planted since forty years. Key words: wetlands; mangroves; nutrients; season; constructed wetland DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2264 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) Vol. 3, pp 32-42
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Singgalen, Y. "Vegetation Index and Mangrove Forest Utilization through Ecotourism Development in Dodola and Guraping of North Maluku Province." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 28, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.2.150.
Abstract:
This study analyzes the vegetation index and mangrove forest utilization through ecotourism development in Guraping and Dodola Island of North Maluku Province. This research uses a remote sensing approach through Landsat 8 Operational Land Imagery (OLI) from 2013 and 2021, calculated based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) algorithms. This study indicates that ecotourism development can preserve the mangrove forest and generate economic and social benefits for the local community. Otherwise, the vegetation index in mangrove areas from 2013 to 2021 needs to be considered seriously as the primary data to optimize the management of tourism destinations. In the case of Dodola Island, the increased number of vegetation in 2017 experienced significant changes and threatened the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism. Thus, the mangrove monitoring needs to be optimized to anticipate the unsustainability of mangroves, which determines the sustainability of tourism in North Maluku Province. This study offers an idea to involve the local community in conserving the mangrove area through a controlled and sustainable rehabilitation program instead of economic activity purposes. The findings indicate that the existing condition of the Guraping mangrove forest in 2021 is classified as moderate compared with mangrove ecotourism in Dodola Island with sparse criteria based on the Decree of the Minister of State for the Environment in 2004. This research suggests adopting the community-based ecotourism mangrove development through collaborative advantages of all tourism stakeholders.
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Rahmawati, Azelia Dwi. "Vegetation-Water-Built Up Index Combined: Algorithm Indices Combination for Characterization and distribution of Mangrove Forest through Google Earth Engine." CELEBES Agricultural 3, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52045/jca.v3i1.298.
Abstract:
Mangroves that live in ecotone areas have a fairly significant role in the economy and ecology. This strategic role requires spatial data to facilitate the management and development of mangrove areas. The mangrove mapping process usually uses a manual method, namely through software, and has shortcomings and limitations in image management that require massive data storage. Cloud computing-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) mapping platform can manage images with an extensive scope and spatiotemporal data processing. However, this platform requires index formulas or combinations to help classify and increase accuracy in mapping the earth’s surface. The innovation with the combined VWB-IC (Vegetation-Water-Built-up Index Combined) formula is projected to classify the characteristics of mangrove areas in Jakarta Bay. The combination consists of three types of indices, namely vegetation index (NDVI, GNDVI, ARVI, EVI, SLAVI, and SAVI), water (NDWI, MNDWI, and LSWI), and buildings (IBI and NDBI). This combination is used to translate the classification of mangroves using the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm method with the Sentinel-2 MSI (Multispectral Instrument) satellite image source and through the GEE platform. This platform generates raster data for land use classification (including mangroves), and then the analysis is continued using ArcMap software. The obtained mangrove area is 220.43 ha, located in Jakarta Bay and divided into the Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park and the Pantai Indah Kapuk Mangrove Ecotourism Area. The data from this research is expected to provide a recommendation for a combination index formula for mapping mangrove areas in urban areas. The spatial distribution area can be used as an evaluation material in mangrove areas in Jakarta Bay
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Bulmer, R. H., L. Schwendenmann, and C. J. Lundquist. "Sediment CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from cleared and intact temperate mangroves and tidal flats." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 4 (February 25, 2015): 3547–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-3547-2015.
Abstract:
Abstract. Temperate mangroves in Southern Australia and New Zealand have been increasing in area over the past 50 years, whereas tropical mangroves have declined by 30–50% over a similar time frame. Tropical mangroves are understood to be an important carbon sink and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following clearance are estimated to be comparable or greater than CO2 emissions following the clearance of many terrestrial forest systems. Recreational and amenity values or perceived loss of other estuarine habitats due to expanding temperate mangrove forests have resulted in clearing of temperate mangroves. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperate mangrove clearance on CO2 efflux from the sediment to the atmosphere along with a range of other biotic and abiotic factors. Significantly higher CO2 efflux rates were measured in cleared (1.34 ± 0.46 μmol m2 s-1) and intact mangrove sites (2.31 ± 0.72 μmol m2 s-1) than in tidal flats (-0.23 ± 0.27 μmol m2 s-1). Site and sediment characteristics such as sediment carbon and nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll α concentration, grain size, mangrove height, macrofaunal abundance, sediment temperature and moisture were strongly correlated with sediment CO2 efflux. Our results suggest that carbon stored within temperate mangrove sediment is released over a period of years to decades after mangrove clearance. CO2 efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangroves was found to be comparable to rates observed in the tropics. Disturbance of the surface biofilm resulted in elevated CO2 efflux across all habitats, suggesting the important role of surface biofilm communities in mediating CO2 efflux.
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Lai, Jiayong, Wee Cheah, Kishneth Palaniveloo, Rempei Suwa, and Sahadev Sharma. "A Systematic Review of the Physicochemical and Microbial Diversity of Well-Preserved, Restored, and Disturbed Mangrove Forests: What Is Known and What Is the Way Forward?" Forests 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122160.
Abstract:
Mangrove forests are salt-tolerant intertidal vegetation in tropical and subtropical areas. Mangrove ecosystems provide commercial products, valuable fisheries, and aquaculture resources, protect and stabilize coastlines, and are important carbon sinks. However, they are threatened globally by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and development causing fragmentation between the well-preserved, restored, and disturbed mangrove forests. Despite this, mangroves can adapt and strive well and are notable well associated with microbial diversity. Here, we investigate the diversity of microbes in different environmental settings using preferred reporting items for systematic and meta-analyses (PRISMA) analysis for publications from Scopus and the Web of Science databases. We report publications since 1987, and observed an exponential increase in publications beginning in the year 2000, which may be associated with the development of molecular and sequencing technologies. Differences in bacterial diversity was observed across the well-preserved, restored, and disturbed mangrove environments. Disturbed mangrove forests had a higher diversity (70 unique taxon orders reported) compared to well-preserved (33 unique taxon orders reported) and restored forests (38 unique taxon orders reported). Based on our analysis, we found that the microbial community plays an important role in the survival and adaptability of mangroves under varying environmental conditions. Thus, there is a need and a lot of potential for research in the area of mangrove microbiology with reference to ecology, biogeochemistry, and geomorphology.
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Ashton, Elizabeth C., Donald J. Macintosh, and Peter J. Hogarth. "A baseline study of the diversity and community ecology of crab and molluscan macrofauna in the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2003): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003158.
Abstract:
Baseline ecological studies of pristine mangroves are important for monitoring, management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. Diversity, density, biomass and community structure of crab and molluscan macrofauna were studied in a near-pristine mangrove forest in Sematan, Sarawak. In each of the nine 100-m2 plots, six 15-min catching periods were used to collect crabs and three 1-m2 quadrats were sampled for molluscan epifauna. Environmental variables and vegetation were also recorded in each 100-m2 plot. Thirty-one crab species and 44 molluscan species were recorded, including a few species not previously reported from Sarawak. Crab community structure was correlated with topographical height and surface water pH and salinity. Gastropod community structure was correlated with redox potential of water at depth, topographical height, surface water pH and leaf litter. Crab community structure and species number were positively correlated with tree and seedling community structure and diversity, suggesting that the mangrove vegetation is important to the crab fauna as a habitat and food supply. Molluscan abundance was positively correlated with sapling diversity and negatively correlated with the numbers of mangrove associates and tree species. The young leaves on mangrove saplings may provide a better food source than those on mature trees or mangrove associates. The data from this study provide a valuable baseline for future use at this site and for comparison with more degraded mangrove habitats elsewhere in South-East Asia.
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Sweetman, A. K., J. J. Middelburg, A. M. Berle, A. F. Bernardino, C. Schander, A. W. J. Demopoulos, and C. R. Smith. "Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 9, 2010): 2631–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-2631-2010.
Abstract:
Abstract. To evaluate how mangrove invasion and removal can modify benthic carbon cycling processes and ecosystem functioning, we used stable-isotopically labelled algae as a deliberate tracer to quantify benthic respiration and C-flow through macrofauna and bacteria in sediments collected from (1) an invasive mangrove forest, (2) deforested mangrove sites 2 and 6 years after removal of above-sediment mangrove biomass, and (3) two mangrove-free, control sites in the Hawaiian coastal zone. Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) rates were significantly greater in the mangrove and mangrove removal site experiments than in controls and were significantly correlated with total benthic (macrofauna and bacteria) biomass and sedimentary mangrove biomass (SMB). Bacteria dominated short-term C-processing of added microalgal-C and benthic biomass in sediments from the invasive mangrove forest habitat. In contrast, macrofauna were the most important agents in the short-term processing of microalgal-C in sediments from the mangrove removal and control sites. Mean faunal abundance and short term C-uptake rates in sediments from both removal sites were significantly higher than in control cores, which collectively suggest that community structure and short-term C-cycling dynamics in habitats where mangroves have been cleared can remain fundamentally different from un-invaded mudflat sediments for at least 6-yrs following above-sediment mangrove removal. In summary, invasion by mangroves can lead to large shifts in benthic ecosystem function, with sediment metabolism, benthic community structure and short-term C-remineralization dynamics being affected for years following invader removal.
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Rahman, MR, and M. Asaduzzaman. "Ecology of Sundarban, Bangladesh." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2013): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14618.
Abstract:
Sundarban is the largest mangrove wetland in the world. It covers an area of about 1mha, of which 60% is located in Bangladesh and the remaining western portion, comprising 40%, lies in India. Mangrove ecosystems are of great ecological significance in the tropical and sub-tropical coast. They protect our coast from heavy wind, tidal waves, coastal erosion and sea water intrusion, generate substantial quantities of fishery resources and provide many useful forestry products. The Sundarban ecosystem supports rich fisheries diversity. This ecosystem support 27 families and 53 species of pelagic fish, 49 families 124 species of demersal fish, 5 families and 24 species of shrimps, 3 families and 7 species of crabs, 8 species of lobster. A total 334 plants, 165 algal, 13 special orchids, 17 fern, 87 monocotyledon and 230 dicotyledon belonging to 245 genera and 75 families from the sundarbans and adjacent area are found available. The principal tree species is Sundry (Heritiera fomes) which covers about 73% to total landmass and the second species is Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha) which covers about 16% of total forest area. The plant species include 35 legumes, 29 grasses, 19 sedges, and 18 euphorbias. Of the 50 true mangrove plant species recorded throughout the globe, the Sundarbans alone contain 35 species. The magnificent among the animals on land is Royal Bengal Tiger, Spotted deer, barking deer and wild boars are there in plenty. Besides those jungle cats, fishing cat, civet cat, monkey, bengal fox, jackle, water monitor, monitor lizard and snakes are important faunal spp. Moreover, abundant of the Sundarbans are purple heron, pond heron, cattle egret, little egret, open billed stork, smaller adjutant stork, brahmini kite, spotted dove, rose ringed parakeet, crow pheasant, wood pecker, bee eater, drongo, pide myna, jungle myna, bulbul, tailor bird, magpie robin, sparrow etc., Otherwise, recorded that wild Buffalo, 2 species of deer, javan rhinoceros extinct and presently 2 species of amphibians, 14 species of reptiles 25 species of birds and 5 species of mammals are considered as endangered species. This paper is to produce a new assessment of the mangroves ecology of Sundarbans. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14618 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 35-47, June-December 2010
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Febriansyah, Satria Cahya, Luchman Hakim, and Catur Retnaningdyah. "Evaluation of Mangrove Water Quality in Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek and Sine, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32459.
Abstract:
Highlight Research Anthropogenic factors are the main cause of damage to mangrove ecosystems Restoration is a method for ecosystem restoration Restoration success is seen from the physical, chemical, and biological parameters Phytoplankton is a bioindicator of water quality The abundance of mangroves can explain the state of an ecosystem Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in Sine and Pancer Cengkrong had degraded due to land-use change and restoration has been carried out over a few year on the damaged location. This study was conducted to evaluate water quality of mangrove ecosystems at both locations based on physical, chemical and phytoplankton parameters as bioindicators. The evaluation of Cengkrong Mangrove was carried out at 4 different locations based on different periode of restoration, namely restoration of 2008-2009, 2013-2014, natural mangroves, and 2005 succession mangroves, whereas there was only one sampling site at Sine mangrove namely 1998-2008 restoration. The physico-chemical parameters measured include water temperature, air temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Phytoplankton data was used to measure, trophic diatom index (TDI) as an indicator of water nutrition status, and pollution tolerant value (%PTV) as an indicator of organic pollution. The results showed that the water quality at all the study locations met the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Regulation No 51/2004, except nitrate and phosphate. Based on the TDI index, mangrove in Sine, Cengkrong 2013-2014 restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were categorized as hyper-eutrophic, natural Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as eutrophic, and 2008-2009 restored Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as meso-eutrophic. Based on the %PTV index, in the Sine mangrove, 2013-2014 Cengkrong restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were classified as high levels of organic matter pollution, while in the Cengkrong 2008-2009 restoration and natural Cengkrong were classified as a moderate level of organic pollution.
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Sweetman, A. K., J. J. Middelburg, A. M. Berle, A. F. Bernardino, C. Schander, A. W. J. Demopoulos, and C. R. Smith. "Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments." Biogeosciences 7, no. 7 (July 8, 2010): 2129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2129-2010.
Abstract:
Abstract. To evaluate how mangrove invasion and removal can modify short-term benthic carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning, we used stable-isotopically labeled algae as a deliberate tracer to quantify benthic respiration and C-flow over 48 h through macrofauna and bacteria in sediments collected from (1) an invasive mangrove forest, (2) deforested mangrove sites 2 and 6 years after removal of above-sediment mangrove biomass, and (3) two mangrove-free control sites in the Hawaiian coastal zone. Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) rates averaged over each 48 h investigation were significantly greater in the mangrove and mangrove removal site experiments than in controls and were significantly correlated with total benthic (macrofauna and bacteria) biomass and sedimentary mangrove biomass (SMB). Bacteria dominated short-term C-processing of added microalgal-C and benthic biomass in sediments from the invasive mangrove forest habitat and in the 6-yr removal site. In contrast, macrofauna were the most important agents in the short-term processing of microalgal-C in sediments from the 2-yr mangrove removal site and control sites. However, mean faunal abundance and C-uptake rates in sediments from both removal sites were significantly higher than in control cores, which collectively suggest that community structure and short-term C-cycling dynamics of sediments in habitats where mangroves have been cleared can remain fundamentally different from un-invaded mudflat sediments for at least 6-yrs following above-sediment mangrove removal. In summary, invasion by mangroves can lead to dramatic shifts in benthic ecosystem function, with sediment metabolism, benthic community structure and short-term C-remineralization dynamics being affected for years following invader removal.
31
Suyarso and Praditya Avianto. "AMMI Automatic Mangrove Map and Index: Novelty for Efficiently Monitoring Mangrove Changes with the Case Study in Musi Delta, South Sumatra, Indonesia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2022 (December 8, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8103242.
Abstract:
Mapping mangroves using satellite imagery has been done for decades. It helps reduce obstacles in inaccessible places caused by the mangroves’ intricate root system, thick mud, and loss of position signals. There is an urgent need to produce a mangrove map that automatically and accurately covers the mangroves with the density index of the canopy as visually represented in satellite imagery. The research was conducted through an analytical desk study of the mangrove features from space. The study aims to develop a simple formula for automatically tracing, capturing, and mapping mangroves and determining the canopy density index from open access of satellite data to eliminate manual digitization work, make it easy to use, and save cost and time. The goal is to monitor, assess, and manage the condition of mangroves for anyone interested in mangroves, including the central government, local authorities, and local communities. As a result, the authors proposed an algorithm: (ρNIR − ρRed)/(ρRed + ρSWIR1) ∗ (ρNIR − ρSWIR1)/(ρSWIR1 − 0.65 ∗ ρRed). Experimental results in many mangrove forests using Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 imageries show satisfactory performance. The maps capture the spatial extent of the mangroves automatically and match the satellite imagery visually. The index correlates significantly with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), with R2 reaching 0.99. The research will apply the formula of the Musi Delta mangrove complex in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The advantage of the algorithm is that it works well, is easy to use, produces mangrove maps faster, informs the index, and efficiently monitors the change in mangrove conditions from time to time.
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Acosta, Charles A., and Mark J. Butler IV. "Role of mangrove habitat as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Belize." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96105.
Abstract:
The use of mangrove prop roots and associated coralline habitats by Caribbean spiny lobsters was investigated near two types of mangrove islands in Belize. Spiny lobsters sheltered among mangrove prop roots, in undercut peat banks and under corals near islands, and they ranged in size from newly recruited juveniles to subadults. Lobsters preferred to shelter under large stony corals, but their use of mangrove prop roots nd undercut peat banks increased when the density of corals was low. Den residence time and distance moved within a site were similar at islands isolated by deep water channels and islands separated by shallow seagrass beds, but as a consequence of high immigration rates, population sizes were highest near shallow islands. Predation on newly settled juveniles was greater in seagrass and coral crevices than in mangrove prop roots, whereas the survival of larger juveniles was higher in mangroves and coral patch reefs than in seagrass. These results suggest that mangrove habitats may function as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobsters but that the use of this habitat depends on shelter characteristics and the isolation of islands.
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Griffiths, Lauren N., Elix Hernandez, Elvira Cuevas, and William J. Mitsch. "Above- and Below-Ground Carbon Storage of Hydrologically Altered Mangrove Wetlands in Puerto Rico after a Hurricane." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091965.
Abstract:
Mangrove wetlands are important ecosystems, yet human development coupled with climate change threatens mangroves and their large carbon stores. This study seeks to understand the soil carbon dynamics in hydrologically altered mangrove swamps by studying aboveground biomass estimates and belowground soil carbon concentrations in mangrove swamps with high, medium, and low levels of disturbance in Cataño, Jobos Bay, and Vieques, Puerto Rico. All three sites were affected by hurricane María in 2017, one year prior to the study. As a result of being hit by the Saffir-Simpson category 4 hurricane, the low-disturbance site had almost no living mangroves left during sampling. There was no correlation between level of hydrologic alteration and carbon storage, rather different patterns emerged for each of the three sites. At the highly disturbed location, belowground carbon mass averaged 0.048 ± 0.001 g-C cm−3 which increased with increased aboveground biomass. At the moderately disturbed location, belowground carbon mass averaged 0.047 ± 0.003 g-C cm−3 and corresponded to distance from open water. At the low-disturbed location, organic carbon was consistent between all sites and inorganic carbon concentrations controlled total carbon mass which averaged 0.048 ± 0.002 g-C cm−3. These results suggest that mangroves are adaptive and resilient and have the potential to retain their carbon storage capacities despite hydrologic alterations, but mass carbon storage within mangrove forests can be spatially variable in hydrologically altered conditions.
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Vaughn, Sarah E. "Disappearing Mangroves: The Epistemic Politics of Climate Adaptation in Guyana." Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 242–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca32.2.07.
Abstract:
This article details the epistemic politics that shape the climate adaptation of sea defense in Guyana. Rethinking the material arrangements of expertise in the Anthropocene, I track the work of a group of technoscientific experts participating in the Guyana Mangrove Restoration Project (GMRP). In an attempt to redesign sea defense around mangrove ecosystems, GMRP participants recognize that climate adaptation is not solely dependent on their well-intentioned efforts. As research objects, mangroves are not only forms of evidence but also tools that guide expert action and distinctions in day-to-day labor. Moreover, mangroves draw out the explicit contingencies of modeling, placing expert groups in tension with one another as each seeks to advance their own ideas for mangrove protection, management, or change. I show that this relational ontology is emblematic of climate-adaptation policy’s broader operative logics, or what I call inverse performativity. This is a process whereby an unruly world forces one expert group to seek help from others, building a new ecology of expertise to adapt to a changing climate. Impermanent and wondrous, mangroves urge us to think more creatively about vulnerability to climate change and the kinds of practices that inspire knowledge about it.
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Dias, Armando Cavalcante Franco, Michele de Cassia Pereira e Silva, Simone Raposo Cotta, Francisco Dini-Andreote, Fábio Lino Soares, Joana Falcão Salles, João Lúcio Azevedo, Jan Dirk van Elsas, and Fernando Dini Andreote. "Abundance and Genetic Diversity ofnifHGene Sequences in Anthropogenically Affected Brazilian Mangrove Sediments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 22 (August 31, 2012): 7960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02273-12.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTAlthough mangroves represent ecosystems of global importance, the genetic diversity and abundance of functional genes that are key to their functioning scarcely have been explored. Here, we present a survey based on thenifHgene across transects of sediments of two mangrove systems located along the coast line of São Paulo state (Brazil) which differed by degree of disturbance, i.e., an oil-spill-affected and an unaffected mangrove. The diazotrophic communities were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and clone libraries. ThenifHgene abundance was similar across the two mangrove sediment systems, as evidenced by qPCR. However, thenifH-based PCR-DGGE profiles revealed clear differences between the mangroves. Moreover, shifts in thenifHgene diversities were noted along the land-sea transect within the previously oiled mangrove. ThenifHgene diversity depicted the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria affiliated with a wide range of taxa, encompassing members of theAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,Firmicutes, and also a group of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria. We also detected a unique mangrove-specific cluster of sequences denoted Mgv-nifH. Our results indicate that nitrogen-fixing bacterial guilds can be partially endemic to mangroves, and these communities are modulated by oil contamination, which has important implications for conservation strategies.
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Wimmler, Marie-Christin, Jasper Bathmann, Ronny Peters, Jiang Jiang, Marc Walther, Catherine E. Lovelock, and Uta Berger. "Plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove ecosystems: establishing links between empirical and modelling studies." Trees 35, no. 5 (July 22, 2021): 1423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02182-z.
Abstract:
Abstract Key message Plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove ecosystems are important for ecosystem resilience and can be investigated by establishing links between empirical and modelling studies. Abstract Plant–soil feedbacks are important as they provide valuable insights into ecosystem dynamics and ecosystems stability and resilience against multiple stressors and disturbances, including global climate change. In mangroves, plant–soil feedbacks are important for ecosystem resilience in the face of sea level rise, carbon sequestration, and to support successful ecosystem restoration. Despite the recognition of the importance of plant–soil feedbacks in mangroves, there is limited empirical data available. We reviewed empirical studies from mangrove ecosystems and evaluate numerical models addressing plant–soil feedbacks. The empirical evidence suggests that plant–soil feedbacks strongly influence ecological processes (e.g. seedling recruitment and soil elevation change) and forest structure in mangrove ecosystems. Numerical models, which successfully describe plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove and other ecosystems, can be used in future empirical studies to test mechanistic understanding and project outcomes of environmental change. Moreover, the combination of both, modelling and empirical approaches, can improve mechanistic understanding of plant–soil feedbacks and thereby ecosystem dynamics in mangrove ecosystems. This combination will help to support sustainable coastal management and conservation.
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Crowley, GM. "Late quaternary mangrove distribution in northern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960219.
Abstract:
Although mangroves have long graced the north Australian coastline, stable sea levels required for the formation of extensive mangrove swamp forests have occurred only intermittently over the late Quaternary. Most ancestral mangrove swamps are likely to have been formed below present sea level. The only well-preserved deposits that have been described, developed on the present continental surface as sea level reached its present position in the early Holocene. Gradual upstream shifting of mangrove communities from about 8400 BP is recorded in sediments from the wet tropics, followed by the establishment of extensive Rhizophora forests over the newly drowned estuaries. More extensive Rhizophora swamps developed in the monsoon tropics where an earlier transitional phase has not been preserved. These 'big swamps' infilled over the next 1500–4500 years as sediments accumulated above the now stable sea level. The present mangrove estate, though more restricted, is fairly stable, with maintenance of mangrove forests in protected prograding bays and in estuaries kept open by adequate river flow. In the short term, mangroves may be threatened by human influences, but any change in climate leading to a gradual change in sea level should again provide conditions for expansion of mangrove habitats across northern Australia.
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Hasan, Muhamad, Dolly Priatna, and Yossa Istiadi. "The role of the parties in mangrove ecosystem recovery in Juntinyuat Coast, West Java, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v3i2.5120.
Abstract:
Coastal abrasion is a problem that needs to be addressed thoroughly. If not properly managed, coastal abrasion can lead to other environmental issues, such as damage to mangroves and coastal ecosystems. The local government is actively carrying out mangrove ecosystem restoration program to conserve the coastal ecology by involving related agencies, industries, and the community surrounding the Juntinyuat coastal area. The focus of this research is to find out the planning, implementation, and monitoring carried out in relation to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem based on the involvement of the parties in overcoming coastal abrasion on the coast of Juntinyuat, Indramayu Regency, West Java. Data were collected by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation to the community and the parties involved in restoring the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast. The results showed that mangrove ecosystem damage in the coastal area of Juntinyuat generates a high level of abrasion. The damage caused by abrasion threatens settlements, ponds, and agricultural land, as well as threatens the gas and oil pipelines of Pertamina Gas in the West Java operation area (Pertagas OWJA). There is a relationship between the critical condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Juntinyuat coastal area and the initiation of efforts to restore the mangrove ecosystem. The initiation of mangrove ecosystem restoration arose from the critical condition of mangroves, which necessitates careful planning to restore damaged mangrove conditions. Related parties concerned with the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem subsequently coordinate to plan the mangrove ecosystem restoration program on the Juntinyuat coast. The mangrove ecosystem restoration was conducted after an initial survey in mid-2014. The role of the parties in planning, implementing, and monitoring the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem is running well and maximally with a clear division of duties and responsibilities. Currently, the results of the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast can be felt together with the denser mangrove cover, reducing the abrasion impact, and making it a mangrove ecotourism area. In the future, it is necessary to form a coordinating team for the strategy of mangrove ecosystem management at the regency and sub-district levels to synergize policies and programs for managing mangrove ecosystems. Empowerment activities need to be carried out intensively to encourage a change in the role of mangrove management.
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Clarke, Peter J. "Seeking global generality: a critique for mangrove modellers." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 10 (2014): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13326.
Abstract:
Large datasets have allowed more generality in ecology than ever before but this may come at a cost of precision and realism. Modelling the dominance of mangrove species on the basis of observational data of few abiotic variables is an example of where this comes at a cost of realism. This is because the multi-factorial and inter-correlated nature of abiotic and biotic variables that limit the distribution of mangroves cannot be accounted for in statistical models on the basis of few observational data. The solution to the seemingly intractable problem of achieving general explanations is to better coordinate comparative and experimental research across a global range of mangrove environments.
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Grogan, SV, and SS Bell. "Propagule establishment and seedling growth in a shifting mangrove population: performance in novel tidal conditions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 679 (November 25, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13893.
Abstract:
Survival and establishment of mangrove propagules at tidal elevations beyond the landward margin of their distribution underlie continued existence of mangroves in response to sea-level rise. Yet few studies have empirically examined mangrove performance at higher intertidal positions (novel sites) into which mangroves disperse. We compared propagule establishment and seedling growth at 2 intertidal elevations for black mangroves Avicennia germinans displaying landward expansion. Propagule survival, establishment success, and growth rate of seedlings were monitored for 158 d during a reciprocal transplant experiment targeting 2 tidal elevations: one within the current niche of the mangrove population (LOW) and one representing marginal habitat where mangroves have begun migration upland (MID). We introduced propagules to 4 treatments: (1) originating (site of parent tree) at LOW, stranding at MID; (2) originating at MID, stranding at LOW; (3) and (4) stranding and originating at the same position (MID or LOW). Resident and transplant propagules of MID origin were 22 times more likely to die during the first 33 d than propagules of LOW origin. Resident and transplant propagules in MID positions were 6.5 times more likely to die over the first 33 d than individuals in LOW positions. After seedling establishment, no mortality was observed in LOW or MID positions. Thus, environmental conditions of novel intertidal areas into which black mangroves migrate had a greater deleterious impact on propagules than on seedlings. Identifying processes underlying success of mangroves introduced into novel environments, such as those operating as sea level rises, will require increased attention to the fate of propagules.
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Henderson, Christopher J., Ben L. Gilby, Edward Stone, Hayden P. Borland, and Andrew D. Olds. "Seascape heterogeneity modifies estuarine fish assemblages in mangrove forests." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 1108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab022.
Abstract:
Abstract Mangroves are a dominant structural habitat within tropical and subtropical estuaries that provide a number of ecosystem services, including habitat for a range of crustaceans and fish. However, mangroves are one of the most threatened estuarine habitats globally, having been severely reduced in extent, and replaced by urban structures. Here, we test for the effects of both natural (e.g. seagrass, rock and mangroves habitat extent, and connectivity) and human (e.g. extent of urban area) landscape variables on the number and type of fish inhabiting mangroves forests. We used remote underwater video stations to quantify fish assemblages within mangroves at 150 sites in 30 estuaries across Queensland, Australia. Fish community structure was best explained by the extent of mangroves and seagrasses within an estuary, the distance to the estuary mouth, and the size of the estuary and catchment. Moderate catchment size and proximity to the estuary mouth increased species richness and abundance of harvestable fish at individual mangrove sites. In order to maintain mangrove fish assemblages and the functions they provide, management initiatives should focus on maintaining natural estuarine seascapes that are located closer to the mouth of estuaries, in particular, focusing on estuaries that have lower levels of catchment urbanization.
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ZANVO, M. G. Serge, Y. S. Sabas BARIMA, K. Valère SALAKO, K. A. Noël KOUA, Moustapha A. KOLAWOLE, A. Ephrem ASSOGBADJO, and Romain GLÈLÈ KAKAÏ. "Mapping spatio-temporal changes in mangroves cover and projection in 2050 of their future state in Benin." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 350 (January 4, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36828.
Abstract:
Mangroves are precious ecosystems that provide vital socio-economic, environmental and cultural benefits to humanity. However, they are declining alarmingly due to human activities and natural hazards. Assessment of their spatio-temporal dynamics is essential to monitor these ecosystems and guide their management to ensure sustainability. We assessed the spatio-temporal dynamics of mangroves and predicted their future trends using remote sensing techniques and Markovian chain analysis. Landsat images TM/ETM+ (for 1988, 2001 and 2019) were obtained, processed, classified and analyzed using remote sensing techniques and GIS. The changes observed during these periods (1988–2001, 2001-2019 and 1988–2019) were used to predict future trends up to 2050, using Markovian chain analysis. The results showed that the mangrove area studied, which occupied 5205.24 ha in 1988, declined by 62.07% between 1988 and 2001 but increased by 18.84% from 2001 to 2019. This increase is attributed to strengthened mangrove restoration efforts. The mangroves had mainly been converted into grassland (52.35% in 1988-2001 and 7.31% in 2001-2019) and other vegetation types (17.57% in 1988-2001 and 27.05% in 2001-2019). Their decline was most severe in the municipalities of Abomey-Calavi and Ouidah, which therefore require greater conservation efforts. Our projection based on Markovian chain analysis suggests that these mangroves will continue to decline, but slowly. This study provides essential information to guide future mangrove conservation action in the study area.
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Pires, Ana C. C., Daniel F. R. Cleary, Adelaide Almeida, Ângela Cunha, Simone Dealtry, Leda C. S. Mendonça-Hagler, Kornelia Smalla, and Newton C. M. Gomes. "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Barcoded Pyrosequencing Reveal Unprecedented Archaeal Diversity in Mangrove Sediment and Rhizosphere Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 1, 2012): 5520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00386-12.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTMangroves are complex ecosystems that regulate nutrient and sediment fluxes to the open sea. The importance of bacteria and fungi in regulating nutrient cycles has led to an interest in their diversity and composition in mangroves. However, very few studies have assessedArchaeain mangroves, and virtually nothing is known about whether mangrove rhizospheres affect archaeal diversity and composition. Here, we studied the diversity and composition ofArchaeain mangrove bulk sediment and the rhizospheres of two mangrove trees,Rhizophora mangleandLaguncularia racemosa, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and pyrosequencing of archaeal 16S rRNA genes with a nested-amplification approach. DGGE profiles revealed significant structural differences between bulk sediment and rhizosphere samples, suggesting that roots of both mangrove species influence the sediment archaeal community. Nearly all of the detected sequences obtained with pyrosequencing were identified asArchaea, but most were unclassified at the level of phylum or below. Archaeal richness was, furthermore, the highest in theL. racemosarhizosphere, intermediate in bulk sediment, and the lowest in theR. manglerhizosphere. This study shows that rhizosphere microhabitats ofR. mangleandL. racemosa, common plants in subtropical mangroves located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, hosted distinct archaeal assemblages.
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Mazumder, Debashish, Neil Saintilan, Fatimah M. Yusoff, and Jeffrey J. Kelleway. "Equivalence of trophic structure between a tropical and temperate mangrove ecosystem in the Indo-Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 10 (2019): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18072.
Abstract:
In this study we compared ecosystem trophic structure between a tropical mangrove forest at Matang, Malaysia, and a temperate mangrove forest near mangrove poleward limits at Towra Point in south-east Australia. These forests are separated by 8500km of ocean over 45° of latitude and are of contrasting size, productivity and diversity. However, we observed a marked degree of similarity in food chain length (approximately four trophic levels in both forests), the taxonomy of key intermediate members of the food chain and the isotope signature of primary carbon sources, suggesting a strong contribution of surface organic matter rather than mangrove detritus. Common families were represented among dominant grazing herbivores, zooplanktivorous fishes, decapod crustaceans and top predators. These similarities suggest that there is some consistency in trophic interactions within two mangroves on opposite sides of the Indo-Pacific, despite a degree of evolutionary divergence in the assemblage.
45
Duke, Norman C., Colin Field, Jock R. Mackenzie, Jan-Olaf Meynecke, and Apanie L. Wood. "Rainfall and its possible hysteresis effect on the proportional cover of tropical tidal-wetland mangroves and saltmarsh–saltpans." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 8 (2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18321.
Abstract:
Mangrove–saltmarsh tidal wetlands are highly dynamic ecosystems, responding and adapting to climate and physical conditions at all spatial and temporal scales. Knowledge of the large-scale ecosystem processes involved and how they might be influenced by climate variables is highly relevant today. For tidal-wetland sites well within the latitudinal range of the mostly tropical mangrove communities, we confirm that average annual rainfall influences vegetative cover, as well as species composition and biomass of tidal wetlands. On the basis of 205 largely unmodified, tropical and subtropical estuaries of northern Australia, a sigmoidal relationship, with a centroid inflection point ~1368mm, was derived between rainfall and the relative amounts of high-biomass mangroves and low-biomass saltmarsh–saltpan vegetation. The presence and probability of observed combinations of these community types were quantified using the wetland cover index, which is the ratio of total mangrove area to that of mangroves plus intertidal saltmarsh and saltpans. Accordingly, periodic changes in rainfall trends are likely manifest as either encroachment or dieback of mangroves along the ecotones separating them from tidal saltmarsh–saltpans. Presented is a new conceptual framework and model that describes how such ecosystem-scale processes take place in tropical and subtropical tidal wetlands.
46
Erftemeijer, Paul L. A., Titus Agastian, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Marion L. Cambridge, Roderik Hoekstra, Geoff Toms, and Satoshi Ito. "Mangrove planting on dredged material: three decades of nature-based coastal defence along a causeway in the Arabian Gulf." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 9 (2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19289.
Abstract:
Nature-based coastal defence approaches are increasingly being explored to protect shorelines from erosion and climate change-related threats such as sea level rise, storms and coastal flooding. At Mubarraz, near Abu Dhabi in the Arabian Gulf, mass plantings of >500000 nursery-reared seedlings of the mangrove Avicennia marina were conducted over 30 years in response to erosion of an artificially created, 17-km-long causeway of dredged material. Planting efforts resulted in successfully established mangrove vegetation along 6.7km of shoreline, covering an area of 16.5ha. Survival rates of planted mangrove seedlings to healthy saplings or trees were in the order of 26% averaged over all years, with best results obtained at planting sites established in artificial tidal channels excavated parallel to the causeway, ensuring appropriate tidal hydrological conditions. The mangroves and causeway have attracted a high diversity of birds (48 species), some of which breed on the island, and there are significant densities of crabs and gastropod snails in the mangroves. These results demonstrate that planting mangroves on dredged material is feasible (even under extreme climatic conditions) and may offer a cost-effective alternative for shoreline protection, with added benefits for biodiversity through the creation of new habitats.
47
Blasco, F., T. Gauquelin, M. Rasolofoharinoro, J. Denis, M. Aizpuru, and V. Caldairou. "Recent advances in mangrove studies using remote sensing data." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97153.
Abstract:
This paper summarizes present capabilities in studying mangrove vegetation from space. There is no standard image processing method that can be applied for the identification and delineation of coastal ecosystems. From a spectral point of view, it is practically impossible to characterize each of the sixty species of trees and shrubs that constitute the mangroves of the world. Nevertheless, some possibilities exist to map at global and at local scales mangrove areas from satellite products, combining several space data sets, interpretation of aerial photographs and ground surveys. The monitoring of mangroves can be considered as operational at a local level using remote sensing techniques, whereas monitoring of these ecosystems at global or at regional levels has not yet been achieved.
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Sandoval, LA, JE Mancera-Pineda, J. Leal-Flórez, JF Blanco-Libreros, and A. Delgado-Huertas. "Mangrove carbon sustains artisanal fish and other estuarine consumers in a major mangrove area of the southern Caribbean Sea." Marine Ecology Progress Series 681 (January 6, 2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13910.
Abstract:
Estuaries are highly productive habitats that support fisheries production. However, the importance of mangrove carbon to estuarine consumers can differ considerably among systems. In this study, we used stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) to investigate the importance of mangrove carbon as an energy source to estuarine consumers in the Atrato River Delta, Colombia, an area where fringing mangroves dominate the coastline and where other productive coastal habitats that may otherwise support the food web are absent. Basal resources and consumers were collected from mangrove and nearshore habitats during the rainy season. Results revealed a food web with a maximum length of 4.6 trophic positions. Bayesian mixing models indicated that most consumers used a mixture of basal sources, which suggests intertwined energetic pathways. However, mixing models also indicated that some species relied more heavily on some basal sources than others and revealed trophic pathways (food chains). Mangrove carbon directly supported herbivorous crabs (Sesarmidae) and indirectly supported planktivorous fish (Engraulidae) and piscivorous fish. Mangrove carbon also contributed significantly to the diet of 2 of the most common fish species in the local artisanal fishery: Centropomus undecimalis (mean: 46%; credibility interval [CI]: 1-80%) and C. pectinatus (mean: 33%; CI: 1-78%). Our findings highlight that mangrove carbon can be an important food source in areas without other productive coastal habitats and can play an important role in sustaining the production of fisheries.
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Traynor, C. H., and T. R. Hill. "Resource demand estimates for sustainable forest management: Mngazana Mangrove Forest, South Africa." Bothalia 38, no. 1 (August 14, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v38i1.274.
Abstract:
Since democratization in 1994, South African forest policies have promoted sustainable forest management. However, implementation has been problematic due to limited information concerning forest product utilization. This paper investigates and quantifies timber use from the Mngazana Mangrove Forest. Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. Three local communities utilize stems of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. for building construction. There were two distinct building shapes, circular and rectangular. On average. 155 stems were used for circular buildings and 378 stems for rectangular buildings. Most buildings were constructed using mangroves as well as indigenous timber from coastal scarp forests. The proportion of mangrove stems in buildings varied from 0 to 95%. The annual demand for mangroves was estimated to be 18 400 stems. Due to the high annual demand, projected human population growth rates have a minor influence upon future demand values. For effective sustainable forest management, the standing stock at Mngazana should be restricted to the two mangrove species utilized for building construction, and a forest inventory performed so that demand for building can be compared to supply.
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Hamza, Amina Juma, Luciana S. Esteves, and Marin Cvitanović. "Changes in Mangrove Cover and Exposure to Coastal Hazards in Kenya." Land 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101714.
Abstract:
Mangroves are effective carbon sinks, support coastal fisheries and provide wood and non-wood resources to coastal communities. They are threatened by natural and human-induced stresses including over-exploitation, conversion pressures, pollution and climate change. Understanding changes in this important ecosystem is essential to inform the sustainable management of mangroves and assess the implications related to the loss of ecosystem services. This study used global remote sensing mangrove forest data to quantify changes in mangrove cover in Kenya between 2010 and 2016 and applied the InVEST coastal vulnerability model to assess the implications concerning the provision of natural coastal protection services in Kenya. The results indicate that the annual rates of mangrove cover loss in Kenya were 0.15% between 2010 and 2016. Currently, 16% of the Kenyan coastline is at higher levels of exposure to coastal hazards but this could increase to 41% if coastal ecosystems (mangroves, corals and seagrasses) are lost. The study further identified that higher rates of mangrove loss are observed in areas at higher risk of exposure in the southern and northern counties of Kwale and Lamu, where monitoring and management efforts should be prioritized.