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1
Ledeker, Christie N. "Differences in sensory characteristics among various mango cultivars in the form of fresh sliced mango, mango purée, and mango sorbet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12125.
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Master of ScienceFood Science Institute, Human Nutrition
Delores H. Chambers
Fresh mangoes are highly perishable, and therefore, they are often processed to extend shelf-life and facilitate exportation. Studying the transformation that mango cultivars undergo throughout processing can aid in selecting appropriate varieties for products. In the 1st part of this study, the flavor and texture properties of 4 mango cultivars available in the United States (U.S.) were analyzed. Highly trained descriptive panelists in the U.S. evaluated fresh, purée, and sorbet samples prepared from each cultivar. Purées were made by pulverizing mango flesh, passing it through a china cap, and heating it to 85 °C for 15 s. For the sorbets, purées were diluted with water (1:1), sucrose was added, and the bases were frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. Much of the texture variation among cultivars was lost after fresh samples were transformed into purées, whereas much of the flavor and texture variation among cultivars was lost once fresh mangoes and mango purées were transformed into sorbets. Compared to the other cultivars, Haden and Tommy Atkins underwent greater transformations in flavor throughout sorbet preparation, and processing reduced the intensities of some unpleasant flavors in these cultivars. Tommy Atkins was the only cultivar that had flavor differences from other cultivars when it was in sorbet. Results suggest that cultivar variation is generally not detectable in mango sorbet unless the cultivar has a distinct initial flavor. In the 2nd part of this study, descriptive panelists in Thailand evaluated the flavor and texture properties of fresh samples and purées prepared from 6 cultivars grown in Thailand. Thermal processing had unique effects on the flavor of each cultivar, especially Nam Dok Mai and Chok Anun; Nam Dok Mai significantly decreased in mango identity and peach flavors after processing, whereas Chok Anun significantly increased in sweet, mango identity, and pineapple flavors. Although a slight amount of flavor variation among cultivars was lost because of thermal processing, most of the texture variation was eliminated. Because of significant changes in flavor and texture after heat treatment of mango cultivars, manufacturers should select cultivars for mango purées based on their properties after thermal processing.
2
Alegre, Dextre Victor Hugo, Mamani Dashiell Dettmar Arias, Roque Jesús Augusto Bustillos, and Mollehuanca Luis Alberto Canaza. "Planeamiento estratégico del mango." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8713.
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xxi, 280 h. : il. ; 30 cm.El mango se ha convertido en el fruto tropical más valorado por sus beneficios nutricionales y características organolépticas. Por ello, se ha creado una oportunidad de negocio, debido al incremento de la demanda a nivel mundial por el consumo de frutas y vegetales. Dentro de este contexto, las exportaciones de mango peruano se vienen incrementando en los últimos años, lo cual beneficia a productores y exportadores peruanos, así como también a los países competidores. El Perú presenta ventajas comparativas tales como suelos fértiles, variedad de climas y ubicación geográfica; asimismo, el mango peruano tiene ventajas competitivas, como la excelente calidad del producto y sus propiedades organolépticas. En el análisis externo, se puede mencionar que el Perú presenta estabilidad política y lidera el crecimiento económico en la región, lo cual favorece a la cadena de valor del Mango peruano. Sin embargo, a partir del análisis interno, se ha planteado una serie de objetivos: (a) mejorar la asociatividad entre productores y exportadores, (b) incrementar el acceso al financiamiento, (c) ampliar la oferta exportable, (d) promover la implementación de certificaciones internacionales de calidad, (e) implementar programas de capacitación, y (f) incrementar el consumo interno. Por otro lado, los principales mercados del Mango peruano son EE.UU y Europa, cuyos principales abastecedores son México y Brasil respectivamente. En ese sentido, se requiere penetrar en los mercados, diversificar productos y desarrollar mercados en Asia, aprovechando la preferencia del Mango por los consumidores. En la presente tesis, se desarrolla el planeamiento estratégico del Mango en el Perú. Por ello, se ha hecho el análisis externo, interno, y competitivo del Mango para proponer estrategias, objetivos y políticas que conducirán hacia la visión deseada y convertir al Perú en el tercer exportador de mango a nivel mundial en el 2023, ya que actualmente en el 2013 es el sexto exportador mundial
The Mango has become the most valued tropical fruit for its nutritional benefits and organoleptic characteristics, creating business opportunities due to the global demand increase for the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Within this context, Peruvian Mango exports have been increasing in the last years benefiting Peruvian producers and exporters as well as the competing countries. Peru represents comparative advantages such as fertile land, varied climate and geographic location; likewise, the Peruvian Mango has competitive advantages such excellent product quality and organoleptic properties. In the external analysis it can be mentioned that Peru represents political stability and that it leads the economic growth in the region, which favors the Peruvian Mango value chain. However, from the internal analysis it is required to improve the partnership between producers and exporters, increase the access to financing, expand export supply, promote the implementation of international quality certifications, implement training programs and to increase domestic consumption. On the other hand, the main markets of the Peruvian Mango are the U.S.A. and Europe, being the main suppliers of these Mexico and Brazil, respectively. In that sense, it is required market penetration, products diversify and market development in Asia, taking advantage of the consumers’ preference for Mango. The present thesis describes the Strategic Planning of Mango in Peru, developing the external, internal and competitive analyses of mango in order to propose strategies, objectives and policies that will lead to the desired vision and turn Peru into the third mango exporter worldwide in the year 2023, being in 2013 the sixth global exporter
Tesis
3
Nguyen, Ha Xuan. "Pre-harvest and postharvest factors affecting skin colour and other quality attributes of "Kensington Pride" mango (Mangifera indica linn.)." Phd thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17030.
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Belayneh, Teferi Yeshitela. "Effect of cultural practices and selected chemicals on flowering and fruit production in some mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01142005-085139.
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Roberts, Robin Elaine. "Understanding the hearts and minds of Chinese mango buyers." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366000.
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The Asia–Pacific region is a major producer of tropical fruits and research indicates this trend will continue (FAO 2012). According to FAO estimates the production of mangoes in particular is predicted for growth and is increasingly demand by emerging markets such as China. China’s emergence as one of the largest consumer markets is therefore of significant interest to firms involved in international agri‐business. The growth and success of imported mangoes in China is predicated upon understanding Chinese consumers’ purchasing behaviours. The literature covering consumer purchasing of mangoes in China is scant. At the time of writing this thesis no quantitative studies identifying the influence of socio‐demographics and buyers’ attitudes on purchase frequency of mangoes in China have been published. However, there is a need for consumer research conducted in‐market in China. First, agri‐food exporters have invested enormously to understand consumer purchasing behaviours. Second, academic and practitioner research has found empirical support for the profiling of consumers in value chain analysis studies, but yet there has been limited published research to date profiling the mainland Chinese mango buyer. Finally, international marketing researchers are seeking to understand dynamic and challenging markets such as China, to compare the effectiveness of contemporary forms with traditional forms of marketing research, and to explore new strategies of market entry.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Rezende, Trisha. "How to Peel a Mango." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/691.
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Augustyn, WA, BM Botha, S. Combrinck, and Plooy SW Du. "Correlation of volatile profiles of twenty mango cultivars with their susceptibilities to mango gall fly infestation." Elsevier, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001217.
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Abstract
Mango gall fly (Procontarinia matteiana) is an orchard pest that parasitises flush leaves of mango and serious outbreaks may result in reduced
fruit yield. The trigger for infestation is unknown, but terpenes emitted by the leaves appear to play a role in attraction. Metabolic profiles of three
mango cultivars of varying susceptibility to mango gall fly attack were obtained by headspace profiling using GC-FID and GC-MS analysis.
Chemometric models constructed from the data revealed that three terpenes, α- and β-pinene and camphene could be useful as biomarkers for
susceptibility. Headspace profiles of twenty other cultivars, naturally exposed to gall fly, were obtained in the same way. Susceptibility or
resistance of these cultivars was predicted using the developed orthogonal partial least squares model. Predictive outcomes were thereafter verified
by visual examination of the leaves to detect gall formation, an indication of gall fly infestation. The model was found to predict the susceptibility
or resistance of 90% of the cultivars accurately. This finding indicates the contributory role of the three terpene biomarkers in mango gall fly
interaction and may direct future studies to determine their inter-relationship.
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Estrada, Arnold B. "Epidemiology and control of mango anthracnose." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386138.
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Sakimin, Siti Zaharah. "Hormonal regulation of mango fruit ripening." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2008.
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Mango fruit ripen quickly. It is highly perishable. Short shelf life of mango fruit limits its transportation to distant domestic and international markets. The objective of my research was to elucidate the role of changes in endogenous levels of brassinosteroids (BRs), ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) and/or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in modulating the ripening processes of 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit. The endogenous levels of these regulators were regulated using inhibitors of their biosynthesis and/or action to unfold their mechanism in delaying/hastening mango fruit ripening, extending storage life and improving fruit quality as well as to underpin the mode of action of ABA and NO in modulating ethylene biosynthesis and activities of fruit softening enzymes in the pulp during ripening and/or alleviating chilling injury (CI) during cool storage.Higher endogenous level of ABA at the climacteric-rise stage triggered the climacteric peak of ethylene production coupled with a significant quadratic relationship between both of them; suggest that ABA play a key role in modulating mango fruit ripening. The exogenous application of ABA (1.0 - 2.0 mM) promoted skin colour development and fruit softening during ripening, and the trend was reversed with its inhibitor of biosynthesis - nordihydroguaiaretic acid (0.1 - 0.2 mM NDGA). The endogenous level of IAA was higher at the initial stage of ripening and decline over ripening period. The exogenous application of 45 - 60 ng g-1 FW Epi- BL increased the climacteric peak of ethylene and respiration, promoted skin colour, but the changes in the endogenous level of BRs (castasterone and brassinolide) are unlikely to modulate mango fruit ripening as it is present in a trace amounts in mango pulp tissues throughout the ripening period.Exogenous postharvest application of ABA (1.0 mM) increased the climacteric peak of ethylene production through promoting the activities of 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO) enzymes, and ACC content, decreased the fruit firmness with increased exopolygalacturonase (exo-PG), endo-PG and endo-1,4-_-D-glucanase (EGase) activities, decreased pectinesterase (PE) activity in the pulp, higher total sugars and sucrose, advanced degradation of total organic acids, citric and fumaric acid. The application of 0.2 mM NDGA showed reverse trends for these ripening indicator parameters.NO fumigation (20 μL L-1 or 40 μL L-1) was more effective in delaying fruit ripening when applied at the pre-climacteric (PC) stage, than at the climacteric-rise (CR) stage. NO (20 μL L-1) fumigation delayed and suppressed the endogenous ethylene production, activities of ACS and ACO enzymes, and ACC content, rate of respiration, higher pulp rheological properties (firmness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, adhesiveness, and stiffness) with lower activities of exo-, endo-PG, EGase, but maintained higher PE activity in pulp tissues during ripening at 21°C and cool storage (13°C). NO treatments (20 and 40 μL L-1) significantly alleviated CI index during ripening at ambient temperature following 2- or 4-week of cold-stored (5°C) period. All NO fumigation treatments significantly suppressed ethylene production and respiration rates irrespective of cold storage period. NO–fumigated with above 5 μL L-1 significantly delayed fruit softening up to 2 days and retarded colour development, reduced total sugar and fructose concentrations, increased tartaric and shikimic acid at fully ripe stage during ripening period irrespective of cold-stored fruit.In conclusion, the higher levels of endogenous IAA in fruit pulp during the PC stage and the accumulation of ABA prior to the climacteric stage might switch on ethylene production that triggers fruit ripening. There is a significant quadratic relationship between endogenous level of ABA in the pulp and ethylene production during fruit ripening period. Exogenous Epi-BL promoted fruit ripening, whilst, the changes in endogenous levels of BRs are unlikely to modulate mango fruit ripening. Moreover, the exogenous application of ABA (1.0 mM) promoted the activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes (ACS and ACO) and ACC content and ethylene biosynthesis as well as endo-PG activity in the pulp, whilst, the NDGA-treated fruit showed the reverse trends. The application of NO fumigation (20 L L-1) at PC stage can be effectively used to delay the fruit ripening up to 2 days at ambient temperature (21°C) and cool-storage (13°C) through suppression the activity of ethylene biosynthesis and softening enzymes and alleviate CI following 2- and 4-week cold storage (5°C) without any adverse effects on fruit quality.
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Ruiz, González Brayan, and González Mishel Ruiz. "PLAN DE EXPORTACIÓN DE MANGO ATAULFO MEXICANO DE LA MEDIANA EMPRESA SABB, SOL Y MANGOS A ALEMANIA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/70654.
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Evaluación de un plan de exportación, particularmente del “Mango Ataulfo” del Estado de Chiapas dirigido al mercado Alemán en donde se pretende comercializar este producto en este mercado meta, por medio de la mediana empresa “Sabb, Sol y Mangos”.
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Lwadya, Mujanay. "The drying characteristics of mango fruit strips." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-145646/.
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Muda, Pauziah. "Cell wall degradation during mango fruit ripening." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316943.
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Castro, Angulo Karen Vannesa, Yaringaño Pedro Blas Durand, Cavalié Verónica Echevarría, and Mejía Alexis Mijail Estrada. "Planeamiento estratégico del mango en el Perú." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7643.
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xvii, 204 h. : il. ; 30 cmEl mango del Perú ha registrado en los últimos años una dinámica de crecimiento en las exportaciones del 15.8% en promedio anual, entre 2002 y 2013. Los factores que han influenciado a esta dinámica positiva son: (a) la preocupación cada vez mayor por una alimentación saludable, (c) el posicionamiento del mango peruano como un producto que cumple los estándares de calidad internacional, y (c) la firma de tratados de libre comercio, promoviendo así la llegada a importantes mercados foráneos. Entre los años 2011 y el 2013 el Perú se ha ubicado entre el cuarto y sexto lugar como exportador de mango en el mundo. Los principales destinos del mango peruano son Países Bajos y Estados Unidos. En estos mercados se tiene como principales competidores a México y Brasil. Estos países cuentan con ventajas como extensiones de áreas de cultivo, cercanía a los países destino y permanente desarrollo industrial y comercial del sector. A pesar de esto el Perú en los últimos años ha logrado posicionar destacadamente este fruto tropical y se encuentra incursionando en nuevos mercados. El principal problema del sector es la presencia de varios intermediarios tanto a nivel local principalmente como de exportación. Esta situación y la débil capacidad de gestión empresarial del agricultor peruano generan un reducido nivel de rentabilidad y capacidad para insertarse en la dinámica creciente de exportación. En este sentido, el resultado del plan estratégico es incorporar al agricultor en la cadena de valor de la mediana y gran empresa exportadora a través de: (a) la implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas, (b) la generación de sinergias entre agricultores que contribuya a fortalecer su capacidad de respuesta comercial, y (c) establecimiento de una asociación que potencie el desarrollo del sector
The Peruvian mango has registered in recent years a dynamic growth in exports 15.8% in annual average between 2002 and 2013. The factors that have influenced this positive trend are: (a) the growing concern about healthy nutrition, (b) the positioning of Peruvian mango as a product that meets the international quality standards, and (c) the signing of free trade agreements, have promoted arrival in important foreign markets. Between 2011 and 2013, Peru was ranked between the fourth and sixth mango exporter in the world. The main markets for Peruvian mango export are Netherlands and the United States. In these markets the main competitors are Mexico and Brazil. These countries have advantages as extensions of cultivated areas, proximity to destination countries and permanent industrial and commercial development of the sector. Despite this Peru in recent years has positioned outstandingly this tropical fruit and is entering into new markets. The main problem of the sector is the presence of several middlemen for both the local market mainly and for foreign. This situation and the weak business management skills of Peruvian farmer generate a reduced profitability and capacity to insert into the growing export dynamics. Because of this, the result of the strategic plan is to incorporate the farmer in the value chain of medium and large exporting company through: (a) the implementation of best practices in agriculture, (b) generating synergies between farmers to help strengthen their commercial response capacity, and (c) establishment of an association that enhances the development of the sector.
Tesis
14
Fuentes, John. "A Very Old Mango with Enormous Wounds." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564145121561127.
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Pandit, S. S. "Genetic analysis of alphonso mango flavor biogenesis." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2008. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2635.
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Costa, Daniel Luís Pinheiro da. "Estratégias de gestão da cadeia de suprimento da manga brasileira destinada ao mercado externo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-11122006-134209/.
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O Brasil é um dos três maiores produtores mundiais de frutas tropicais, com uma produção que supera os 31 milhões de toneladas. Porém, apesar dessa potencialidade, as transações de comércio exterior de frutas frescas são deficitárias. Inicialmente esta pesquisa identificou os fatores relevantes para exportação de frutas relacionados às áreas de produção, processamento, distribuição, comercialização e consumo, a fim de se compreender melhor o gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimento da fruticultura destinada ao mercado externo. Alguns dos fatores efetivamente abordados foram as etapas operacionais da cadeia de suprimento internacional da manga brasileira (comércio exterior e logística), as peculiaridades operacionais, a garantia da segurança e da qualidade da manga, as melhores práticas dos fornecedores de frutas no mercado internacional e os fatores limitantes da exportação de manga brasileira nos principais mercados internacionais. Após identificação e análise dos fatores relevantes, focou-se a cadeia da manga especificamente e, com base nas teorias sobre estratégias e gestão de cadeia de suprimento, foi proposto um modelo para orientar a escolha de estratégias de gestão da cadeia de suprimento da manga brasileira destinada ao mercado externo. O modelo proposto leva em consideração a estratégia competitiva da empresa e a estratégia de cadeia de suprimento, a fim de obter o melhor alinhamento entre as duas, para atender coerentemente as expectativas do mercado-alvo.Brazil is one of the largest producers of tropical fruit in the world, with a production of more than 31 million tones. However, in spite of its large capacity, Brazil runs a trade deficit in fresh fruit. First, this research identifies the factors relevant to the exportation of fruit in the areas of production, processing, distribution, commercialization and consumption with the objective of understanding better the supply chain management of fruit growing for the foreign market. Some of the factors which considered are the operational stages of the international supply chain of Brazilian mango (foreign trade and logistics), operational peculiarities, the safety and quality of the mango, the best practices of fruit suppliers of the international market and the factors limiting the export of Brazilian mango to the principal international markets. After identification and analysis of the relevant factors, the focus becomes specifically the mango chain and, based on strategy and supply chain management theory, a model is proposed to guide the choice of management strategy of the supply chain of Brazilian mango for the foreign market. The model which is proposed takes into account the competitive strategy of the firm and the supply chain strategy to obtain the best alignment of the two for serving coherently the expectations of the target-market.
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Mthembu, Gugulethu Jay. "Effects of irrigation and shading on fruit yield and quality in mango." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29373.
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Mangifera indica L. cv. Kent trees were subjected to five irrigation treatments during the 2000/2001 growing season with the aim of assessing the effects of irrigation on tree productivity and fruit quality. Two progressively reduced irrigation treatments (75 and 50% of the amount of irrigation water applied to the control), a control (100% field capacity), a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment and a farm control were compared with each other. Fruit yield, number and mean fruit weight were not significantly influenced by the different irrigation treatments. Peel colour and storage potential were improved in the reduced irrigation treatments. The RDI treatment improved the total soluble solids concentration (TSS) of fruits but increased the occurrence of split pit. Fruit firmness was not significantly influenced by the different irrigation treatments. In the second experiment, 'Kent' trees were covered with white shade netting of four mesh densities (50, 75, 100 and 125 g m-2) on a long¬term basis, while control trees remained uncovered. During the 2000/2001 growing season, light shading (50 g m-2) increased the yield and fruit numbers above that of control trees, while, heavier shading decreased the yield and fruit number below that of the control with the most dense net (125 g m-2) having the greatest affect. Peel colour, firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest were not affected by shading while the heaviest shade (125 g m-2) reduced storage potential of the fruit. Shading improved the appearance of fruits through the reduction of split pit, sunburn and wind damage. No fruit damage caused by bacterial black spot was observed in any of the shade treatments or the control.Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Horticultural Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Diatta, Pierre Maurice. "TBD Economic Impact of Fruit Flies in Mango Production in Senegal: Ex-Post Analysis of mango losses in Ziguinchor (Casamance)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82484.
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The mango tree is one the important sources of income in the rural economy of Senegal. However, mango producers in Ziguinchor are facing fruit fly infestations leading to important losses in income. The aim of this study is to measure the impact of the losses encountered by mango farmers in Ziguinchor over three years 2012, 2013, and 2014 and conduct an econometric study to examine household characteristics associated with high level of losses. At the household level, the total yearly losses on average from fruit fly infestations represent 17.09 % of the average total household income in Ziguinchor (Casamance). The losses associated with variability of production are much smaller than losses from decreases of average yield. Furthermore, the results show that the number of hectares, level production, and use of Keitt varieties are three factors statistically significant, with a significant positive influence on losses from infestation. The use of fruit fly control technologies does not appear to significantly reduce losses.Master of Science
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Zunker, Katy. "Untersuchungen zur Allergenität der Mango und der Litchi." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/563/Disse.pdf.
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Pierre, Herma. "Mangiferin as a Biomarker for Mango Anthracnose Resistance." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2247.
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Mangos (Mangifera indica L.) are tropical/subtropical fruits belonging to the plant family Anacardiaceae. Anthracnose is the most deleterious disease of mango both in the field and during postharvest handling. It is most commonly caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex. Mangiferin, a xanthanoid compound found in at least twelve plant families worldwide (Luo et al., 2012), is present in large amounts of the leaves and edible mangos. Even though this compound plays a pivotal role in the plant’s defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, no correlations been made between the compound and mango anthracnose resistance.
Mangos were collected, grouped according to their countries of origin, and evaluated for their mangiferin concentrations at four different stages of development. Extracts of interest were then tested against different strains of C. gloeosporioides. The results demonstrated that mangiferin concentrations are significantly different at different stages in fruit development. The antifungal assays were inconclusive.
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Downs, Susan L. "Cell wall degrading enzymes in mango fruit cultivars." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267670.
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Los, Martin T. "Isolation and characterisation of #beta#-galactosidases in mango." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339578.
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Castillo, Mata Adrian Elías, Ipenza María Antonieta Herrera, Zuasnabar Pierre Oliver Mendoza, and Encabo Alfredo Alonso Ulloa. "Planeamiento estratégico para la industria del mango peruano." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11837.
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A nivel mundial, los principales productores de mango son India y China, seguidos
por Tailandia e Indonesia, mientras que en América Latina destaca México que es el quinto
productor mundial y el primer exportador a los Estados Unidos. En cambio, Perú se ubica en
el puesto 18, cultivando distintas variedades de mangos, dentro de las cuales se encuentran
las injertadas o mejoradas, como Hade, Kent y Tommy Atkins que tienen demanda a nivel
internacional y por ende son exportadas. La demanda de este fruto está en crecimiento y la
Industria del Mango Peruano debe aprovechar esta oportunidad para posicionarse entre los
dos primeros exportadores del mundo, abasteciendo diversos mercados como Corea del Sur,
Japón y China, así como los mercados que actualmente se atienden, que son Holanda y los
Estados Unidos.
Para el año 2027 se pretende liderar las exportaciones en términos monetarios, para lo
que se habrá incrementado el volumen de producción y el empleo, así como el rendimiento
por hectárea a través de la capacitación y el uso de tecnología de punta, especialmente en
sistemas de riego. Todo ello llevará a que la Industria del Mango Peruano vea elevarse su
rentabilidad, beneficiando tanto a las grandes empresas como a los productores tradicionales.
Lo cual se logrará implementando estrategias que se han analizado extensivamente en este
documento, como por ejemplo: (a) desarrollar el mercado de Estados Unidos para
procesados; (b) penetrar en los mercados asiáticos con mango fresco; (c) desarrollar cultivos
orgánicos de mango; (d) integrarse verticalmente con retailers y mayoristas para incentivar el
consumo del mango peruano en el mercado nacional; (e) integrarse verticalmente hacia
adelante, de modo tal que cada asociación o cooperativa de agricultores tenga su propia
unidad de comercialización para reducir el número de intermediarios y elevar la rentabilidad;
y (f) integrar horizontalmente a todos los pequeños productores de mango en asociaciones
que les permitan acceder a financiamiento, tecnología y mercadosGlobally, the main mango producers are India and China, followed by Thailand and Indonesia, while in Latin America, Mexico stands out as the world's 8th largest producer and the first exporter to the United States. On the other hand, Peru is located in the 18th place, cultivating different varieties of mangoes, among which are grafted or improved, such as Hade, Kent and Tommy Atkins that have international demand and are therefore exported. The demand for this fruit is growing and the Peruvian Mango Industry should take this opportunity to position itself among the world's two leading exporters, supplying various markets such as South Korea, Japan and China, as well as the markets currently served, which are Holland and the United States. By the year 2027, the aim is to lead exports in monetary terms, which will increase the volume of production and employment, as well as the yield per hectare through training and the use of state-of-the-art technology, especially in irrigation. All this will lead the Peruvian Mango Industry to see its profitability increase, benefiting both large companies and traditional producers. This will be achieved by implementing strategies that have been extensively discussed in this document, such as: (a) developing the US market for processed foods; (b) penetrate Asian markets with fresh mango; (c) developing organic mango crops; (d) integrate vertically with retailers and wholesalers to encourage the consumption of Peruvian mango in the national market; (e) vertically integrated forward, so that each farmer association or cooperative has its own marketing unit to reduce the number of intermediaries and increase profitability; and (f) horizontally integrate all small mango producers into associations that allow them access to financing, technology and markets
Tesis
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Benavente, Alva Marco Antonio, Curay Ángel Calderón, Rivas Daniel Noé Rivadeneira, and Arana Karla Cristina Rodriguez. "Planeamiento estratégico del mango en la región Lambayeque." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4594.
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El sector agroexportador ha registrado en los últimos años una importante tendencia de crecimiento, debido principalmente al aumento de la demanda a nivel mundial como resultado de nuevas preferencias de consumo, las mismas que generan grandes oportunidades de negocio para el Perú y en particular en la región Lambayeque. Un ejemplo de ello es que en el año 2011 los principales mercados demandaron alimentos sanos, naturales y de calidad, como es el caso de las frutas y vegetales.
El mango ha sido reconocido como uno de los frutos tropicales más valorados a nivel mundial, lo cual se refleja en el crecimiento de su demanda. En el mismo sentido, el Perú ha tenido un crecimiento progresivo de la superficie cultivada y el nivel de exportaciones de este fruto, siendo la Región Piura el principal exponente de este crecimiento. Cabe destacar que el Perú cuenta con ventajas competitivas y comparativas para el desarrollo del sector del mango, tales como la ventana comercial, la variedad de climas y su mayor nivel de productividad, factores que permiten ofrecer un producto de calidad, aunque no se ha podido tomar ventaja de estas fortalezas puesto que existe una importante atomización de la agricultura en general, así como el poco nivel de asociatividad entre los productores.
Destaca el hecho de que un porcentaje mayor al 90% de la exportación de mango en Perú se comercializa a los mercados de Europa y EEUU, donde se compite con importantes exportadores como México y Brasil, lo cual merma los precios del mango a nivel internacional. Para contrarrestar esto se presentan nuevos mercados con mejores condiciones comerciales a los cuales se puede atender.
La región Lambayeque posee características geográficas y climáticas que propician la agricultura como una de las principales actividades productivas que impulsarían la creación de empleo directo e indirecto; sin embargo, estas potencialidades no han generado un nivel de desarrollo en la misma magnitud en la Región Piura a nivel nacional o bien como México y Brasil a nivel internacional.
La presente tesis desarrolla el Plan Estratégico para el mango en la región Lambayeque. Representa una valiosa herramienta de gestión donde se han identificado los factores críticos para el desarrollo del mango, los cuales se encuentran relacionados a un incremento de las exportaciones, un estricto control fitosanitario, mejoras tecnológicas, un óptimo desarrollo para la etapa de cosecha, cultivo y comercialización del mango, una mejora en la asociatividad de los productores e integración de toda la cadena, incluyendo la participación del gobierno regional y entidades gubernamentales relacionadas. Para lo cual, se establecen objetivos a largo plazo y estrategias que se deben implementar para alcanzar el futuro deseado.The agro-export sector is experiencing in recent years a significant growth trend, mainly due to increased global demand as a result of new consumer preferences that generate great business opportunities for Peru, particularly in the Lambayeque region. In 2011, the most important markets are demanding food that is healthy, natural and of good quality, such as fruits and vegetables. The mango is being recognized as one of the most valuable tropical fruits worldwide, this is reflected in its growing demand. In the same fashion, Peru has had a progressive growth of the cultivated area and the level of exports, with the Piura region being the main example of this growth. Moreover, Peru has competitive and comparative advantages for the development of the mango sector, such as the commercial opening, the variety of climates, and its higher level of productivity that allows it to offer a quality product, however, it has not been able to take advantage of these strengths due to a significant fragmentation of the agriculture in general, as well as a low level of collaboration among producers. It should be noted that a percentage greater than 90% of the mango exports from Peru is sold to markets in Europe and the U.S., where it competes with major exporters like Mexico and Brazil, which decreases mango prices worldwide. To counter this, new markets are being introduced with better trading conditions that can be fulfilled. The Lambayeque region has geographical and climatic characteristics very conducive to making agriculture one of the main production activities that promote the creation of direct and indirect employment, however, these capabilities have not generated a stage of development in the same magnitude as Piura, nationally, or Mexico and Brazil, internationally. This thesis develops the Strategic Plan for the mango in the Lambayeque region, and is a valuable management tool where the critical factors for the development of mango are identified, which are related to increased exports, strict phytosanitary control, technological improvements, optimal development of the harvest phase, cultivation and marketing of mango, improved partnerships among producers, and integration of the entire chain, including the participation of the regional government and the related government entities. To do this, we establish long-term goals and strategies that shall be implemented to achieve the desired future.
Tesis
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Damaske, Michael Andreas Christian. "Water relations in mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28875.
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Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo [UNESP]. "Fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93555.
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000752817.pdf: 24498309 bytes, checksum: 8c224707e07a8f98b1acd3ba5114a25f (MD5)Devido à enorme diversidade de cultivares e híbridos, assim como diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o estudo do comportamento das cultivares de mangueira nas distintas regiões produtoras é de grande importância. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a fenologia, a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais do estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em São Manuel-SP. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Keitt e Palmer. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se uma planta por parcela e 10 repetições. A fenologia foi avaliada considerando-se o número de dias para formação da panícula e das fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos, além da curva de crescimento dos mesmos e a exigência térmica. As avaliações referentes à produção foram: número de frutos produzidos por planta e por panícula; porcentagem de abortamento, produção, produtividade, eficiência produtiva e sazonalidade de produção. Quanto à análise física dos frutos, foram avaliados os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, o formato e a massa do fruto, o rendimento de polpa, casca e caroço, calibre e cor da casca e da polpa. Em relação às características químicas e bioquímicas, avaliou-se: acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, “Ratio”, índice tecnológico, teor de ácido ascórbico, açucares redutor, não-redutor e total, carotenóides, atividade antioxidante, flavonóides e polifenóis. Com base nos resultados observou-se que as três cultivares avaliadas possuem duração dos estádios fenológicos distintas. A cultivar Keitt apresenta maior número de dias e maior exigência térmica para atingir a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos. As curvas de crescimento dos frutos de ‘Espada Vermelha’, Keitt’ e...
Due to the enormous diversity of cultivars and hybrids, as well as different environmental conditions, the study of the performance of mango cultivars in different regions is of great importance. Given the above, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of the state of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of San Manuel Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in São Manuel-SP. The Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with one plant per plot and 10 repetitions. Phenology was evaluated by considering the number of days and the panicle formation stage of fruit development, plus the growth of the same and the thermal demand curve. For the production was evaluated: number of fruits per plant and per panicle, percentage of abortion of fruits, production, productivity, production efficiency and seasonality of production. For the physical analysis of the fruits were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameters, the shape and weight of the fruit, the yield of pulp, peel and seed, size and color of the skin and pulp. Regarding the chemical and biochemical characteristics were assessed: titratable acidity, soluble solids, Ratio, technological index, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and polyphenols. Based on the results it was observed that the three cultivars have different duration of phenological stages. The cultivar Keitt had the greatest number of days and thermal requirement to reach physiological maturity of the fruit. The growth curves of the fruit of ‘Espada Vermelha’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Palmer’ behave the same way as a function of days after anthesis, and follow sigmoidal model. The 'Palmer' is a cultivar with better performance, with the highest ...
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Cruz, Juliana Nunes da. "Estudo de tratamentos fitossanitários na manga (Mangífera indica L.) para exportação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-12082011-092015/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e comparar o comportamento químico e físico-químico da manga cv. Tommy Atkins submetida aos tratamentos hidrotérmico e a irradiação nas doses 0,4 kGy e 1,0 kGy, a fim de complementar os estudos feitos por SABATO et al (2009) no teste de transporte real de mangas irradiadas do Brasil para o Canadá. Esses estudos permitiram comparar o desempenho da irradiação com o tratamento térmico quanto à preservação das características da manga destinada à exportação. Para tanto as mangas foram divididas em grupos: controle; banho térmico (46°C por 90 min); dose 0,4 kGy e dose 1,0 kGy. Os frutos foram mantidos em câmara fria (11°C ± 2) por 14 dias, e, posteriormente, a temperatura ambiente (23°C ±2) até o fim de sua vida útil. Durante o período de armazenamento a baixa temperatura, as análise foram realizadas em intervalos de 7 dias; e a cada 3 dias, quando mantidos a temperatura ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a dose de 1,0 kGy foi o único grupo que manteve os frutos com a coloração da casca no estágio 3 durante todo período do experimento, porém promoveu uma maior perda de textura e degradação nos teores de acidez total titulável nos frutos ainda verdes. Notou-se que somente o grupo controle apresentou teores mais altos de ácido cítrico e succínico no último dia de experimento. Não houve diferenças significativas nos valores de sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares totais e avaliação de massa fresca em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. A análise de observação visual indicou que o grupo do banho térmico foi o que obteve o maior número de descarte dos frutos por decomposição com, aproximadamente, 55%. Concluiu-se que a irradiação é mais efetiva para a preservação da qualidade de mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, diminuindo o surgimento de podridões ou murchamento em relação ao tratamento térmico. Entretanto, a preservação da qualidade extrínseca do fruto não é concomitantemente influenciada pelas suas características intrínsecas, uma vez que, internamente, os frutos continuam seu amadurecimento normal, independente da dose aplicada.The purpose of the present study was to verify and compare the chemical and physical-chemical behaviour of mango cv. Tommy Atkins subjected to hydrothermal treatment and irradiation at doses 0.4 and 1.0 kGy, to complement the studies by SABATO et al (2009) in the real transport of irradiated mangoes from Brazil to Canada. These studies allowed to compare the performance of irradiation with heat treatment on the preservation of the characteristics of mango for export. For these reason fruits were divided into groups: control, heat bath (46 ° C for 90 min), at dose 0.4 kGy and at dose 1.0 kGy. The fruits were stored at low temperature (11 ° C ± 2) for 14 days, and then at room temperature (23 ° C ± 2) until the end of its useful life. During the period of cold storage the analysis were performed at intervals of 7 days and every 3 days when kept at room temperature. The results indicated that the dose of 1.0 kGy was the only group that kept the fruit with the skin color on stage 3 throughout the experimental period, but provided a greater loss of texture degradation and the levels of total acidity in the fruits with green skin. It was noted that only the control group showed higher levels of citric acid and succinic acid in the last day of the experiment. There were no significant differences in soluble solids, total sugars and evaluation of weight in relation to treatments. The analysis of visual observation indicated that the heat bath group was the one with the highest number of fruit drop by decomposition with approximately 55%. It was concluded that irradiation is more effective in preserving the quality of mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins, reducing the appearance of rot or shriveling in relation to heat treatment. However, the preservation of the skin of fruit is not concurrently influenced by its intrinsic nature, since, internally, the fruits continue their normal maturation, independent of the applied dose.
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Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo 1989. "Fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais /." Botucatu :, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93555.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sarita LeonelBanca: Marco Antonio Tecchio
Banca: Elma Machado Ataíde
Resumo: Devido à enorme diversidade de cultivares e híbridos, assim como diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o estudo do comportamento das cultivares de mangueira nas distintas regiões produtoras é de grande importância. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a fenologia, a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais do estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em São Manuel-SP. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Keitt e Palmer. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se uma planta por parcela e 10 repetições. A fenologia foi avaliada considerando-se o número de dias para formação da panícula e das fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos, além da curva de crescimento dos mesmos e a exigência térmica. As avaliações referentes à produção foram: número de frutos produzidos por planta e por panícula; porcentagem de abortamento, produção, produtividade, eficiência produtiva e sazonalidade de produção. Quanto à análise física dos frutos, foram avaliados os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, o formato e a massa do fruto, o rendimento de polpa, casca e caroço, calibre e cor da casca e da polpa. Em relação às características químicas e bioquímicas, avaliou-se: acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, "Ratio", índice tecnológico, teor de ácido ascórbico, açucares redutor, não-redutor e total, carotenóides, atividade antioxidante, flavonóides e polifenóis. Com base nos resultados observou-se que as três cultivares avaliadas possuem duração dos estádios fenológicos distintas. A cultivar Keitt apresenta maior número de dias e maior exigência térmica para atingir a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos. As curvas de crescimento dos frutos de 'Espada Vermelha', Keitt' e ...
Abstract: Due to the enormous diversity of cultivars and hybrids, as well as different environmental conditions, the study of the performance of mango cultivars in different regions is of great importance. Given the above, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of the state of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of San Manuel Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in São Manuel-SP. The Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with one plant per plot and 10 repetitions. Phenology was evaluated by considering the number of days and the panicle formation stage of fruit development, plus the growth of the same and the thermal demand curve. For the production was evaluated: number of fruits per plant and per panicle, percentage of abortion of fruits, production, productivity, production efficiency and seasonality of production. For the physical analysis of the fruits were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameters, the shape and weight of the fruit, the yield of pulp, peel and seed, size and color of the skin and pulp. Regarding the chemical and biochemical characteristics were assessed: titratable acidity, soluble solids, Ratio, technological index, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and polyphenols. Based on the results it was observed that the three cultivars have different duration of phenological stages. The cultivar Keitt had the greatest number of days and thermal requirement to reach physiological maturity of the fruit. The growth curves of the fruit of 'Espada Vermelha', 'Keitt' and 'Palmer' behave the same way as a function of days after anthesis, and follow sigmoidal model. The 'Palmer' is a cultivar with better performance, with the highest ...
Mestre
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Silva, Josiane Pereira da. "Efeito de atmosferas hiperbáricas na pós-colheita de manga palmer /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150308.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Ben-Hur MattiuzCoorientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Banca: Clément Vigneault
Banca: Kelly Magalhães Marques
Banca: Renata Aparecida de Andrade
Banca: Teresinha de Jesus Deleo Rodrigues
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito de atmosfera hiperbárica na conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Palmer'. Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Pós-colheita da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Foram utilizadas mangas 'Palmer' no estádio de maturação fisiológica, procedentes de pomares da empresa Ogata Citrus, no município de Taquaritinga-SP. Na primeira etapa os tratamentos consistiram em colocar os frutos em câmaras hiperbáricas e aplicar cinco níveis de pressão (1, 2, 4, 6 e 8 atm) à 22±1 °C e de 1 atm à 12°C. A umidade relativa (interior das câmaras) foi equilibrada a 98-100%. As mangas foram armazenadas por 2, 4 e 6 dias. Ao término de cada período de armazenamento, um lote dos frutos foi avaliado imediatamente e outro lote mantido em local com condição de ambiente (22 °C, 51-53%UR, a 1 atm) por mais 3 dias. Na segunda etapa os tratamentos consistiram em submeter as mangas às condições de pressão de 1, 2, 4, 6 e 8 atm e temperatura de 12±1 ºC. A umidade relativa do interior das câmaras foi equilibrada a 98-100% e o armazenamento foi realizado por 6 e 12 dias, nos diferentes níveis de pressão. Ao término de cada período hiperbárico, um lote dos frutos foi avaliado imediatamente e outro lote mantido em local com condição de ambiente (22 °C, 83-87% UR, a 1 atm) por mais 2 e 4 dias. Foram realizadas análises quanto a perda de massa fresca, firmeza, coloração da casca e da polpa, ácido ascórbico, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of hyperbaric atmospheres in the postharvest conservation of 'Palmer' mango. The experiments were carried out in the Post-Harvest Laboratory of FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus. Palmer' mangoes were used at the stage of physiological maturation, from orchards of the Ogata Citrus Company, in the city of Taquaritinga-SP. In the first stage the treatments consisted in placing the fruits in hyperbaric chambers and applying five pressure levels (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 atm) at 22 ± 1 °C and 1 atm at 12 °C. The relative humidity (inside the chambers) was balanced at 98-100%. Mangoes were stored for 2, 4 and 6 days. At the end of each storage period, one batch of the fruits was evaluated immediately and another batch kept in a room with ambient condition (22 °C, 51-53% RH, 1 atm) for a further 3 days. In the second stage the treatments consisted in subjecting the mangoes to pressure conditions of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 atm and a temperature of 12 ± 1 ºC. The relative humidity inside the chambers was equilibrated to 98-100% and storage was performed for 6 and 12 days at different pressure levels. At the end of each hyperbaric period, one batch of the fruits was evaluated immediately and another batch kept in a room with ambient condition (22 °C, 83-87% RH, 1 atm) for another 2 and 4 days. Fresh mass loss, skin and pulp color, ascorbic acid, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total antioxidant activity, phenols, total carotenoids, soluble sugars, polyamines, enzymatic activity and respiratory rate were analyzed. The pressure of 8 atm slowed the ripening of the fruits under ambient conditions and at 12 °C, with lower mass loss, lower SS content and higher AT, lower amount of β-carotene, lower sugar content and reduction of respiratory rate.
Doutor
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Moreno, Tinjaca Maria Alexandra. "Effect of electron beam irradiation on quality and shelf-life of Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica l.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbsum l.)." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4726.
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The main goal of this research was to determine the feasibility of using electron
beam irradiation as an alternative disinfestation technology while preserving the overall
quality of mangoes, and to verify its suitability for the preservation shelf life of
blueberries.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits were evaluated.
Mangoes were irradiated at 1.0, 1.5 and 3.1 kGy using a 10MeV (10 kW) linear
accelerator (LINAC) with double beam fixture. Samples were stored at 12úC and 62.7%
RH for 21 days. Blueberries packed in plastic clamshell containers were irradiated at 1.1,
1.6 and 3.2 kGy doses using the same linear accelerator with a single beam. The shelf
life of the berries stored at 5úC and 70.4% RH was evaluated for 14 days. The firmness
of mangoes irradiated at 1.5 and 3.1 kGy significantly (p > 0.05) decreased during
storage. There was a reduction of total sugars (8.1% and 14.1%) in samples irradiated at
1.0 kGy and 1.5 kGy, respectively. All irradiated mangoes had significantly lower (50- 70 %) ascorbic acid content throughout storage. The phenolic compounds increased in
samples irradiated at 1.5 kGy (27.4%) and 3.1 kGy) (18.3%). Sensory evaluation of the
fruits irradiated with 3.1 kGy showed significantly less acceptability for overall quality,
color, texture and aroma. Irradiation of blueberries at 1.1 kGy had no significant (p >
0.05) effect on the fruits' physicochemical characteristics with the exception of ascorbic
acid which decreased by 17% after 14 days. A significant decrease in texture (firmness)
of irradiated berries was observed during storage time. Total sugars decreased in all
irradiated fruits while total phenolics and tannins increased (10 -20%). Sensory attributes
of samples irradiated with 1.1 kGy and 1.6 kGy were found acceptable by the panelists.
The high dose-treated fruits were considered unacceptable.
The results from this research suggest that a 1.5 kGy is the best treatment to
maintain the quality attributes of mangoes and increase the shelf life by three days. The
electron beam irradiation of packed blueberries at doses of 1.1 and 1.6 kGy ensures and
enhances the quality and the shelf life of blueberries up to 14 days.
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Balayara, Assa. "An Invasive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae), on Mango in Senegal: Impact on Mango Crop Production and Value, Marketing Practices, and Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81513.
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The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, is an economic tephritid that invaded Senegal in 2004 (Vayssieres et al. 2011). This work determined 1) Impact of B. dorsalis on mango crop production and value, and marketing practices, 2) Effect of neem and kaolin on its behavior and development (laboratory and field), and 3) Effect of treated soil with neem seed cake (NSC) and neem seed powder (NSP) on the larval-pupal survival and development (laboratory and field). Results revealed crop value (price/kg) was associated with infestation levels. P<0.0001, crop value decreased in highly infested orchards. Southern Orchards were heavily infested than northern orchards. Early harvest, orchard sanitation, decreasing the purchase quantity, sorting infested mangoes and lowering prices were strategies used by growers and traders. Laboratory bioassays showed females landed and spent time on fruit identically on control and neem. On kaolin there were fewer landings and less time spent. P<0.0001, mean pupae was higher in control than in treated mangoes. In the field, percent of infested mangoes was higher in neem than in control and kaolin. However, the number of emerged flies was higher in the control than in either the neem or kaolin-treated fruit. Treated soil with NSC and with NSP did not have effect on pupation; all larvae pupated in the lab. However, treated soil decreased significantly the number of emerged flies. In the field, there were no significant differences between untreated and treated soil in number of emerged flies.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Servakaranpalayam, S. Sivakumar. "Potential applications of hyperspectral imaging for the determination of total soluble solids, water content and firmness in mango." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98796.
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The application of hyperspectral imaging technique in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm to estimate some of the maturity parameters of mangoes was investigated. Mangoes with different quality levels were grouped using principle component analysis (PCA). Feature wavelengths were identified to predict total soluble solids content, water content and firmness using simple correlation, first derivative, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and measured values. Calibration models were developed using the selected wavelengths from correlation coefficients, first derivative, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and corresponding maturity parameters employing artificial neural network model to predict total soluble solids content, water content and firmness of the fruit. Performance of the models was compared using the correlation coefficient (r) values. Fruit firmness was predicted with high correlation coefficient (r=0.88) followed by water content (r=0.81) and total soluble solids (r=0.78) using wavelengths selected from simple correlation of first derivative data with the parameters and ANN model. The results of the study demonstrated the scope for further research on maturity and quality evaluation of fruits using hyperspectral imaging technique.
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Zainal, Zamri. "Molecular biology of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit ripening." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319645.
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Brinson, Kenneth. "Changes in cell wall of mango fruit during ripening." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/9ed78b9d-10cc-43c4-8ffa-eb6c36f34534/1/.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in cell walls and in the levels of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, in mesocarp of mango fruit during ripening were investigated. Total, insoluble cell wall content declined with ripening. Galactose, arabinose, xylose and mannose were lost from the wall during ripening and autolysis of ripe mango mesocarp released arabinose and xylose into the soluble fraction. Galacturonic acid was also removed from the wall but polygalacturonase (which degrades pectic galacturonan in fruits of many other species) could not be detected. Several glycosidase activities were present in the mesocarp and, of these, a-d-galactosidase and mannosidase increased markedly during ripening. The increase in the former may be significant in the removal of wall-bound galactose accompanying ripening. Enzyme extracts prepared from ripe mangoes released galactose from cell walls isolated from unripe fruits but soluble polysaccharides released from the wall by enzyme action In vitro could not be detected by electrophoresis. Polysaccharides, composed mainly of xylose and glucose, were co-extracted with enzymic protein from mango mesocarp and there was evidence that these polymers underwent degradation during ripening. They may be derived, partly at least, from wall hemi-celluloses. It is proposed that one process contributing to cell wall breakdown and resultant tissue softening in the mango may be the enzymic hydrolysis of polysaccharides containing arabinose and galactose (possibly neutral pectic polymers) and that polygalacturonase activity probably does not contribute significantly to tissue softening The mechanism for removal of galacturonan from the wall was not established but this may result from prior removal of polysaccharides containing arabinose and galactose. Data obtained also suggest that hemi-celluloses in the wall may be degraded during ripening, Critical appraisal was made of the limitations of both preparatory and analytical methods employed and proposals made for employing better methods in further work.
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John, Melford Apti. "Post-harvest changes in cell walls of mango fruits." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/e6f2ec32-7c86-4106-a945-0ac589c09f14/1/.
Full textAbstract:
Comparative work on the structure of the cell walls of red kidney bean hypocotyls and mesocarp from unripe and ripe mango fruits showed significant differences. Cell-wall fractions from each were obtained using solvent extraction (water, alkali and acid) and enzymic (endopolygalacturonase) degradation procedures. The monosaccharide composition of each fraction was determined after TFA-hydrolysis by TLC-analysis. Greatest variation in monosaccharide compositions was observed in the water-soluble fractions which accounted for 18%, 48% and 11% of the cell walls of the bean, unripe and ripe mango, respectively. Water-soluble carbohydrates present in the mango pulp were examined by TLC, gel-filtration and ion-exchange methods. Only sucrose, fructose, glucose and high-MW polysaccharides were detected. The ripe mango contained 8 times more soluble polysaccharide than the unripe. In the ripe fruit the approximate MW of the polysaccharide fraction, which was rich in uronic acid was 40,000. In the unripe fruitpolysaccharides with MW's ranging from 40,000 to > 300,000 were detected. These polymers contained much smaller proportions of uronic acid than those from the ripe mesocarp. A crude 3 M LiCl enzyme extract from the cell walls of the ripe mango was able to solubilize 14% of prepared cell walls from the unripe fruit. The mechanism of this process was investigated. Endo-enzymes involved could not be identified. The involvement of b-galactosidase in cell-wall degradation was examined. Using p-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside as substrate, 3 wall-bound forms of the enzyme were found in the ripe fruit and 2 in the unripe. Four soluble forms which were different from the wall-bound forms were observed in the ripe fruit. Three of these were present in the unripe fruit. The action of the enzyme forms on mango pectin and cell walls was examined. There was no evidence that any were directly implicated in cell-wall degradation. Wall-bound exopolygalacturonase was detected for the first time in the mango fruit.
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Jacobs, Rene. "Characterisation of Botryosphaeria species from mango in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28434.
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Sanders, Gina Mercia. "Detection of Xanthomonas Campestris PV. magniferaeindicae in mango plants." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/39792.
Full textAbstract:
The yearly losses incurred by bacterial blackspot disease are high. Often trees are
asymptomatic, with the pathogen either in the resident phase or latent stage of infection.
Detection of the pathogen in these asymptomatic trees is one of the most important
means of controlling the disease. Isolates which consistently differed in virulence were
isolated from symptomatic mango plants. These isolates could be categorised into four
groups based upon differences in virulence. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were
successfully raised using separate and pooled isolates for immunisation. MAbsraised were
of the lgG class and reacted with a proteinaceous epitope. These monoclonal antibodies
could distinguish between different virulence groups of Xanthomonas campestris pv.
mangiferaeindicae by means of Western Blot analysis. These antibodies were used along
with a selective medium, BVGA for detection of epiphytic populations as well as latent
infections in mango. An enrichment step prior to the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) is important, since bacterial counts on trees with latent infections are too low to
result in a positive signal. These techniques in combination are thus useful for detection
and monitoring of the pathogen, which may play an important role in controlling the
spread of the disease.Dissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 1993.
gm2014
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
Unrestricted
38
Vithana, Mekhala Dinushi Kananke. "Regulation of Health-Promoting Compounds in Ripe Mango Fruit." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/66127.
Full textAbstract:
Mango fruit is rich in phytochemicals. Pre-harvest spray of FeSO4, MgSO4 and MnSO4 (0.2% to 0.3%), fruit harvested at sprung stage, post-climacteric ripening phase, green mature fruit stored (5 °C, 12 d), and postharvest methyl jasmonate (10-4 to 10-6 M), nitric oxide (10 to 40 µL L-1) fumigation and salicylic acid (1 to 3 mmol L-1) dip treatments resulted in higher levels of lupeol, mangiferin, phenolic acids and other health-promoting phytochemicals in ripe mango fruit.
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Kulkarni, R. "Molecular and biochemical analysis of mango (CV..alphonso) flavor." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2011. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3824.
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Salazar, Chacon Neil Fernando. "Projeto racional de caixa de madeira para manga (Mangifera Indica L.)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257066.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Barbara Janet Teruel Mederos, Roberto Funes AbrahãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: No Brasil as perdas de produtos hortícolas são significativas e dentre as principais causas cita-se o uso de caixas inadequadas e a ausência da cadeia do frio. As caixas para produtos hortícolas disponíveis no mercado, em sua maioria, são desenvolvidas de forma empírica, sem atender às exigências estruturais e área efetiva de aberturas, para facilitar a troca de calor e ventilação. Este trabalho propõe um método de projeto de caixas para mangas (Mangifera Indica L.), baseado em simulação computacional, otimização e validação experimental, buscando minimizar o volume de material construtivo das caixas (madeira de reflorestamento Pinnus Elliotti), associado a aspectos estruturais, ergonômicos e distribuição da área efetiva de aberturas. Foram projetados e construídos três protótipos de caixas, de ripas retas com diferentes configurações e área efetiva de aberturas (54% e 36%). A eficiência do resfriamento das mangas (variedade Tommy Atkins) foi avaliada através da determinação do tempo de resfriamento de 6 kg de frutas, acondicionadas nos três modelos desenvolvidos, e submetidas ao resfriamento rápido num sistema com ar forçado e duas vazões de ar (0,22 m3 s- 1 e 0,43 m3 s-1), a uma temperatura de 6ºC e umidade relativa média de 85±2,1%. O tempo de resfriamento das frutas também foi determinado quando a mesma quantidade foi condicionada nas caixas de papelão usadas comercialmente (7% e 0% de área efetiva de abertura). Foi aplicado o Método dos Elementos Finitos implementado no programa ANSYS, para o dimensionamento e otimização estrutural do modelo com o melhor comportamento com relação ao resfriamento. Todas caixas de madeira contendo frutas foram submetidas a ensaios de vibração, por um período de duas horas e uma freqüência de 20 Hz. Não houve diferença significativa no meio tempo de resfriamento dos frutos acondicionados nas caixas de madeira (38,00±1,70 min), no entanto na comparação com as caixas de papelão a diferença foi significativa (82,74±29,58 min). O modelo escolhido para a otimização estrutural possuía 36% de área efetiva de aberturas e duas ripas laterais. Após a otimização a diminuição de volume total de material foi de 60% e a redução da seção transversal das colunas da ordem de 83%, com relação às condições iniciais de projeto. Não houve indícios de danos mecânicos nas frutas depois de submetidas à vibração. A simulação computacional para o estudo estrutural, acoplada a algoritmos de otimização, pode ser usada como ferramenta de apoio para desenvolver projetos de caixas de madeira, com grande aproximação, atendendo a critérios geométricos, ergonômicos e térmicos
Abstract: Horticulture product losses in Brazil are significant and among the main causes for this are the use of inappropriate boxes and the absence of the cold chain. Most of the boxes available in the market for horticulture products are developed empirically without satisfying structural demands and the openings effective area for to facilitate the exchange of heat and ventilation. This study proposes a project method for mango boxes (Mangifera Indica L.) based on computer simulations, optimization and experimental validation, seeking to minimize the amount of construction material for the boxes (reforestation wood - Pinnus Elliotti) associated with structural and ergonomic aspects and the openings effective area. Three box prototypes were designed and built using straight laths with different configurations and openings effective area (54% and 36%). The cooling efficiency the mango (Tommy Atkins variety) was evaluated by determining the cooling time for 6 kg of fruit packed in the three different models and submitted to cooling in a forced-air system and two air flows (0.22 m3 s- 1 and 0.43 m3 s-1), at a temperature of 6ºC and average relative humidity of 85±2.1%. Fruit cooling time was also determined when the same amount was packed in the commercially used cardboard boxes (7% and 0% of openings effective area). The Finite Element Method was applied, implemented in the ANSYS program, for the dimensioning and structural optimization of the model with the best behavior in relation to cooling. All wooden boxes with fruit underwent vibration testing for a two hour period at a frequency of 20 Hz. There was no significant difference in average cooling time for fruit packed in the wooden boxes (36.08±1.44 min); however, the difference was significant in comparison to the cardboard boxes (82.63±29.64 min). The model chosen for structural optimization had a 36% openings effective area and two side laths. After optimization, the reduction in total volume of material was 60% and the reduction in the cross section for columns was about 83% compared to the project¿s initial conditions. There was no indication of mechanical damage in the fruit after it underwent vibration testing. Computer simulations for the structural study, together with optimization algorithms, can be used as an effective support tool to develop projects for wooden boxes, with geometric, ergonomic and thermal criteria
Mestrado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
41
Oliveira, Silvana Belem. "Desenvolvimento de tecnologia alternativa para concentração de polpa de manga." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255546.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roberto Hermínio MorettiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia mais simples para concentração de produtos viscosos e obtenção de polpa concentrada de manga com maior retenção das características sensoriais e nutricionais e boa aceitação do produto por parte dos consumidores. A polpa integral de manga sofreu tratamento enzimático e centrifugação variando-se o número de gravidades e o tempo na centrífuga. Foram separadas duas frações, a polpa precipitada e o suco clarificado de manga. A melhor condição para separação das frações da polpa de manga integral escolhida foi tempo de centrifugação de 15 minutos, número de gravidades 5000G e concentração de pectinase de 16ppm, para obtenção de um rendimento ao redor de 75% de suco clarificado. O suco clarificado foi concentrado por 2,5h quando atingiu 60°Brix. Após isto, o mesmo foi reconstituído com proporções diferentes de polpa precipitada (1= 30%, 2= 67% e 3= 0% de polpa precipitada adicionada), sendo a formulação que obedeceu às frações originais das partes separadas (67% de polpa precipitada) obteve menor brix (29,8°Brix) e diferença total de cor e melhores resultados para teor de carotenóides e fibras. Foram elaborados néctares a partir dos concentrados obtidos e submetidos a análise sensorial. A formulação B (maior teor de polpa precipitada) apresentou os melhores resultados para todos os atributos
Abstract: This study aimed to develop a simpler technology for concentration of viscous products and obtaining concentrated mango pulp with better retention of nutritional and sensory characteristics and good product acceptance by consumers. The whole pulp mango enzyme treatment and centrifugation suffered varying the number of severity and duration of the centrifuge. Two fractions were separated, the pulp and precipitated clarified juice of mango. The best condition for separation of fractions of mango pulp was chosen integral centrifugation time of 15 minutes, number and severity 5000G pectinase concentration of 16ppm, to obtain a yield around 75% of clear juice. The clarified juice was concentrated by 2.5 h when it reached 60 ° Brix. After that, it was reconstituted with different ratios of precipitated pulp (a = 30%, 67% and 2 = 3 = 0% pulp precipitated added), and the formulation that followed the original fractions of the separate parts (67% pulp precipitated) had lower Brix (29.8 ° Brix) and total color difference and better results for carotenoids and fiber. Nectars were prepared from the concentrates obtained and subjected to sensory analysis. Formulation B (higher pulp content hasty) showed the best results for all attributes
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
42
Cadena, Rafael Silva 1983. "Néctar de manga (Mangífera indica L.) adoçado com diferentes edulcorantes : perfil sensorial descritivo, tempo-intensidade e estudos de consumidor." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254263.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Helena Maria André BoliniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O consumo de frutas e vegetais tem sido associado com a baixa incidência de doenças degenerativas, pois efeitos protetores estão associados com componentes antioxidantes contidos nestes alimentos. Atrelado a isto, o mercado de sucos e néctares de frutas está sob um aumento significativo, o que tem atraído a atenção de agricultores, distribuidores e da indústria deste produto para saciar esta demanda. Entretanto, estes produtos estão associados à alta ingestão de sacarose proveniente da adição em sua elaboração, o que pode acarretar o desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadas ao consumo excessivo de calorias. A partir disto, este estudo objetivou analisar a aplicação de novos edulcorantes de em néctar de manga pelo estudo de perfil sensorial e físico-químico ao longo do tempo de estocagem. Neste estudo foram utilizadas amostras de néctar de manga elaboradas com polpa de manga congelada e água (1:1) adoçadas com sacarose, sucralose, estévia com 97% de rebaudiosídeo, neotame, blend acessulfame-K/sucralose/neotame (100:50:1) e blend taumatina/sucralose (1:1), totalizando 6 amostras. O perfil físico-químico foi determinado por meio da análise de pH, acidez titulável, cor (L*, a*, b*) e sólidos solúveis (ºBrix). A análise sensorial foi composta por testes descritivos, Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) e Análise Tempo-intensidade, além de testes afetivos com escala hedônica e escala do ideal. Além destes, para o estabelecimento de equivalência de doçura foi utilizado o teste sensorial Estimação de Magnitude. A análise estatística foi composta por Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Teste de média de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% para as análises físico-químicas, ADQ, análise tempointensidade e teste afetivo com escala hedônica. O teste com escala do ideal foi analisado por distribuição em histogramas e os dados de estimação de magnitude utilizaram regressão linear em sua análise. Os provadores estabeleceram o valor de 6,8% de sacarose como a quantidade ideal para a intensidade de gosto doce. O neotame foi o edulcorante que apresentou maior poder adoçante, sendo 6026 mais doce que a sacarose, seguindo pela sucralose (627), blend taumatina/sucralose (549), blend acessulfame-K/sucralose/neotame (259) e estévia (134). Os testes físico-químicos e, em especial, a ADQ identificaram a sucralose como o edulcorante que melhor substituiu a sacarose, pois foi o aditivo que apresentou o menor número de diferenças em relação à amostra controle. A análise tempo-intensidade e os testes afetivos também identificaram a amostra sucralose com o melhor perfil relacionado ao estímulo gosto doce, com grande semelhança ao ocorrido com a sacarose e sendo esta a amostra com maior grau de aceitação no tempo zero e a única que se manteve desta forma após os 120 dias de estocagem. Em conclusão, a estévia apresentou melhorias em seu perfil quando comparadas a outros estudos, mas ainda abaixo do esperado para um substituinte de sacarose. A taumatina, uma proteína de origem vegetal apresentou bom perfil e é um aditivo que necessita de maiores estudos para melhoria de sua tecnologia. E, por fim, a sucralose, como já afirmado em outros trabalhos, é o edulcorante que melhor substitui a sacarose em sucos tropicais, sem sofrer alterações significativas após processamento térmico e ao longo do tempo de estocagem
Abstract: The consumption of fruits and vegetable has been associated with low incidence of degenerative diseases, because protective effects has been linked with antioxidant compounds contained in these foods. Attached to this, the consumer market of fruit juices and nectars under a significant increase, which has attracted the attention of producers of these products to satisfy this demand. However, these products are associated with the high ingestion of sucrose from de addition in the elaboration, which may result in the development of diseases associated with the high consumption of calorie. From that, this study aimed to analyze the application of high intensity sweeteners in mango nectar by the sensory and physical-chemical profile during the storage time. Mango nectar samples were prepared with unsweetened mango frozen pulp and water (1:1). The samples were sweetened with different high intensity sweeteners and sucrose. The sweeteners were: Neotame; Sucralose; Stevia with 97% of Rebaudioside; 1:1 Thaumatin/Sucralose blend; 100:50:1 Acesulfame-K/Sucralose/Neotame blend. The physical-chemical profile was determined by: pH, titratable acidity, color (L*, a*, b*), solids soluble (ºBrix). The sensory analysis was composed by descriptive analysis, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and Time-intensity Analysis (T-I), also consumer test with hedonic scale e just-about-right (JAR) scale. Magnitude estimation method was applied to establish the relative sweetness with sucrose. Statistical analysis was composed by analysis of variance and Tukey means test with 5% of significant level to physical-chemical, QDA, T-I analysis, and consumer test. The JAR scale test was analyzed by histograms distribution and the results of magnitude estimation method through linear regression. The ideal sweetness analysis revealed that 6.8% was the ideal concentration of sucrose in the mango nectar. The relative sweetness analysis showed that Neotame presented the highest sweetening power, being 6026 times sweeter than sucrose, followed by Sucralose (627), Thaumatin/Sucralose blend 1:1 (549), Acesulfame-K/Sucralose/Neotame blend 100:50:1 (259) and Stevia (134). The physical-chemical analysis and, in special, the QDA identified sucralose as the best sweetener which best sucrose substitutes, since this additive presented less differences in relation to control sample. T-I analysis and consumers test also identified the sample sucralose with best profile in relation to the sweet stimulus, with great similarity to control sample and being the sample with higher acceptability in initial time and the only one that has remained this way after 120 days of storage. In conclusion, the stevia presented improvements in its sensory profile when compared with others studies,although still lower than expected to a sucrose substitute. The thaumatin, a vegetal protein, presented good sensory profile and is a additive that requires more studies to improve its knowledges. The sucralose, as founded in other studies, is the sweetener that best replace sucrose in tropical fruit juice, with no significant change after heat treatment and during the storage time
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Sugai, Aurea Yuki. "Processamento descontínuo de purê de manga (Mangífera indica Linn.), variedade Haden: estudo da viabilidade do produto para pronto consumo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-05052003-151029/.
Full textAbstract:
No presente projeto, foi estudada a viabilidade do purê de manga (Mangifera indica Linn.), variedade 'Haden', para pronto consumo. Inicialmente foi feito o acompanhamento do processo de amadurecimento das mangas para determinar o estágio de maturação adequado para o processamento do purê. Foram feitas análises de firmeza, pH, acidez titulável expressa em porcentagem de ácido cítrico, sólidos solúveis e teor de pectina da polpa das frutas. Os resultados mostraram que a coloração da casca foi um bom indicador do estágio de maturação das mangas. Após acidificação, foram alicados no purê quatro tratamento térmicos diferentes: 25,5 minutos a 65°C; 16,0 minutos a 75°C; 4,0 minutos a 80°C e 2,5 minutos a 95°C. Purê tratado e não tratado termicamente foi mantido sob refrigeração durante 36 dias e análises de pH e acidez titulável, além da contagem de bolores e leveduras, foram realizadas no purê na freqüência de 7 dias. Apesar da análise estatística indicar diferenças significativas entre os valores de pH e acidez titulável em função do tempo de armazenamento e do tratamento térmico, o purê apresentou valores dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação para purê de manga destinado ao consumo como bebida (valor de pH entre 3,3 e 4,5 e acidez titulável mínima de 0,32% de ácido cítrico). Em relação à contagem de bolores e leveduras, o purê tratado termicamente mostrou-se estável, apresentado contagem zero dos microrganismos citados durante todo o período de armazenamento. Estudo do comportamento reológico do purê tratado e não tratado termicamente indicou o seu caráter não-newtoniano, de natureza pseudoplástica. Apesar dos tratamentos térmicos apresentarem valores de F bem distintos, as análises físico-químicas, a contagem de bolores e leveduras e o estudo reológico mostraram que não houve diferença entre os produtos finais. Isso indica que a estabilidade físico-química e microbiológica do purê pode ser alcançada com o tratamento térmico que apresentou o menor valor de F, no caso, o tratamento conduzido a 65ºC durante 25,5 minutos. Em um teste de aceitação do consumidor, o purê tratado nestas condições apresentou um alto indice de aceitação, o que reforça a viabilidade do produto pronto para consumo.In this research project, the viability of 'Haden' mango puree (Mangifera indica Linn.) as a ready-to-serve product was studied. The ripening process of the fruti was studied to determine the adequate stage for the puree production. Firmness, pH, total acidity expressed as citric acid percentage, soluble solids and pectin content of the fruti pulps were analyzed. results showed that color of skin is a good parameter to indicate the mangoes ripening stage. Four different heat treatments were applied to the acidified puree: 25.5 minutes at 65°C; 16.0 minutes at 75°C; 4.0 minutes at 80°C and 2.5 minutes at 95°C. Non treated and treated puree were maintained under refrigeration for 36 days. pH, titrable acidity, molds and yeast analyses were carried out weekly. Although statistical analyses indicate significant difference among pH and acidity values in relation to storage time and heat treatment, the puree presented acceptable values by Brazilian legislation for mango puree consumed as beverage (pH between 3,3 and 4,5 and mininum total acidity of 0,32% of citric acid). Heat treated puree showed microbiological stability, presenting zero count of these microorganisms during the storage time. The study of rheological behavior of treated and non treated purees revealed non Newtonian character of shear thinning nature. Even though the heat treatments presented very distinct F values, the physical chemical analyses, the mold and yeast counts and the rheological behavior showed that there was difference among the final products. This indicates that the stability os the puree can be achieved applying the heat treatment with the smallest F value, that is 25.5 minutes at 65°C. Consumer acceptance test of puree treated in these conditions presented high level of acceptance, which reinforces the viability of this puree as a ready-to-serve product.
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Tasneem, Azra. "Postharvest treatments to reduce chilling injury symptoms in stored mangoes." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81444.
Full textAbstract:
The market life of many fruits and vegetables can be extended through storage at low temperatures. Chilling injury (CI) is a major postharvest storage problem for tropical commodities. Storing these products at temperatures below their critical temperature may result in severe physiological disorders known as CI symptoms. Mangoes (Mangifera indica. L) are susceptible to CI when stored below 12 °C. Visual CI symptoms include uneven ripening, surface pitting, discoloration, shriveling and scalding. Research has been conducted to overcome these serious problems using various postharvest treatments such as hot water, methyl jasmonate (MJ) or diphenylamine (DPA) with some reduction of the incidence of CI symptoms in fruits and vegetables.Experiments were performed to assess and compare the potential of the above-mentioned postharvest treatments to reduce the CI symptoms on mango cv. Kent. The obtained results indicated that MJ- and DPA-treatments gave significantly greater percentage of marketable fruits.
Experiments were also conducted with mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins treated with MJ and DPA before storing at low temperatures (1, 4, 7 and 10°C). The chemical treatments were successful at reducing CI symptoms of mangoes. Fruit decay was reduced during subsequent ripening. MJ-treated fruits had lower mass loss and higher total soluble solids (TSS) than the control treatment. The overall quality of MJ- and DPA-treated fruits was good with lower surface pitting and scalding compared with the control treatment. The best results were obtained at storage temperatures of 7 and 10°C. Both MJ and DPA postharvest treatments can reduce CI symptoms in mangoes cvs. Kent and Tommy Atkins when the mangoes are stored at below critical temperature.
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Salinas-Roca, Blanca. "Preserving natural attributes of mango products by non-thermal technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405840.
Full textAbstract:
Els consumidors demanden nous productes a base de fruites -com els a punt per menjar-, segurs,
saludables i amb propietats similars als naturals. L’objecte d’estudi d’aquesta tesi doctoral fou
avaluar l’impacte de tractaments no tèrmics en propietats de qualitat de diversos productes de
mango: tallat, suc i puré.
Per una banda, l’efecte de diferents recobriments a base de polisacàrids, alginat (AL), quitosan
(CH), pectina (PE) i carboximetilcel·lulosa (CMC), es va avaluar en la conservació de la qualitat
del mango tallat. També, l’efecte dels polsos de llum (PL) combinats amb el recobriment AL i la
immersió en àcid màlic (MA) va permetre allargar la conservació dels atributs naturals durant 14
dies. D’altra banda, es va estudiar la influència dels polsos elèctrics d’alta intensitat de camp
HIPEF a 35 kV/cm, 4 μs- pols bipolar, 200 Hz i 50- 2000 μs en la reducció de població de
Listeria innòcua, l’activitat enzimàtica, les propietats sensorials així com el contingut de
bioactius. En aquest sentit el contingut de fenols en el suc tractat per HIPEF (1800 μs) va millorar
després de 59 dies. Finalment, es va estudiar l’impacte del tractament d’alta pressió hidrostàtica
(HHP) (400, 450, 500 MPa durant 0 a 16 min a 34 o 59°C) en les propietats fisicoquímiques i
enzimàtiques, com també en el contingut de compostos bioactius del puré de mango.
Aquesta investigació mostra la viabilitat de la conservació dels derivats de fruita mitjançant
tecnologies no tèrmiques.Consumers are currently demanding safe, healthy and novel fruit products, such as ready-to-eat, with natural attributes. Therefore, the aim of the present doctoral thesis was to assess the impact of non-thermal treatments on quality properties of various mango products: fresh-cut, juice and puree. On one hand, the effect of different polysaccharide-based coatings, alginate (AL), chitosan (CH), pectin (PE) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was evaluated on the quality preservation of fresh-cut mango. Also in fresh-cut mango, the effect of pulsed light (PL) combined with AL coating and malic acid (MA) dipping extended preservation of natural attributes throughout 14 days. On the other hand, the influence of high intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) at 35 kV/cm, 4 μs- bipolar pulses, 200 Hz and 50-2000 μs in mango juice was studied in the reduction of Listeria innocua population, enzymatic activities, physicochemical and sensorial attributes as well as the content of bioactive compounds. In this sense, phenolic content in mango juice treated with HIPEF (1800 μs) was improved after 59 days. Finally, the impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments (400, 450, 500 MPa for 0 to 16 min at 34 or 59°C) on physicochemical, enzymatic properties and bioactive compounds of mango puree was observed. This research reveals the feasibility of preserving fruit products by non-thermal technologies.
Los consumidores piden nuevos productos a base de frutas, como los listos para el consumo, seguros, saludables y con propiedades similares a los naturales. Por lo tanto, el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis doctoral fue evaluar el impacto de tratamientos no térmicos en la calidad de diversos productos de mango: cortado, zumo y puré. Por un lado, el efecto de diferentes recubrimientos a base de polisacáridos, alginato (AL), quitosano (CH), pectina (PE) y carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) se evaluó en la conservación de la calidad del mango cortado. También, el efecto de los pulsos de luz (PL) combinado con el recubrimiento AL y la inmersión en ácido málico (MA) permitió alargar la conservación de los atributos naturales durante 14 días. Por otro lado, se estudió en el zumo de mango la influencia de los pulsos eléctricos de alta intensidad de campo (HIPEF) a 35 kV/cm, 4 μs- pulso bipolar, 200 Hz y 50- 2000 μs en la reducción de población de Listeria innocua, la actividad enzimática, las propiedades sensoriales así como el contenido de bioactivos. En este sentido el contenido de fenoles en el zumo de mango tratado por HIPEF (1800 μs) mejoró después de 59 días. Finalmente, el impacto del tratamiento por alta presión hidrostática (HHP) (400, 450, 500 MPa de 0 a 16 min a 34 o 59°C) se observó en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y enzimáticas y en el contenido de compuestos bioactivos en el puré de mango. La presente investigación muestra la viabilidad de la conservación de derivados de frutas mediante tecnologías no térmicas.
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Castro, Monroe Carlos Sergio, Neyra Rafael Jiménez, Bustamante Leslie Betza Yrigoyen, and Bustamante Pamela Ivone Yrigoyen. "Planeamiento estratégico del mango en la región Piura 2017-2022." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12629.
Full textAbstract:
Actualmente el mango es reconocido a escala mundial como uno de los frutos
tropicales con mayor valor, lo cual se vio reflejado en el incremento gradual de su demanda
en los últimos años; siendo la Región Piura a nivel nacional una de las principales muestras
de este crecimiento, lo cual le otorgó un papel predominante, no sólo por su importante
tendencia de crecimiento, sino porque su desarrollo aportó al crecimiento económico y social
del país.
Si bien la Región Piura tiene grandes ventajas para el impulso del sector del mango
gracias a sus suelos fértiles, su variedad de climas, sus características geográficas y su
ventana comercial; estas ventajas se vieron opacadas por las debilidades propias de la
actividad agrícola en el país como la falta de inversión en infraestructura y tecnología, así
como el escaso nivel de asociatividad existente entre los productores del sector.
El presente trabajo se desarrolla el planeamiento estratégico del Sector Mango de la
Región Piura, para lo cual se ha realizado un análisis tanto externo, como interno, y por
supuesto también competitivo del mango de la región, lo cual permitió establecer objetivos a
corto y largo plazo así como crear estrategias que se deben llevar a cabo para consolidar a
Piura como la principal región productora y exportadora de mango fresco del Perú al año
2022. La importancia de este trabajo radica en el hecho de que la actividad del sector se
concentró en las zonas rurales de Piura, donde se congrega la mayor proporción de la pobreza
de la región, por lo que con el presente trabajo se busca generar un impulso en el desarrollo
progresivo de la condición de vida de los productores agrícolas del sector, asi como aumentar
los ingresos para la región mediante la creación de más puestos de trabajo .Mango has been recognized worldwide as one of the most valued tropical fruits, reflecting the progressive growth of its demand in recent years, with the Piura Region being the main exponent of this growth, giving it a predominant role at the national level, not only for its important growth trend, but also because its development contributes to the economic and social growth of the country. Although the Piura Region presents competitive and comparative advantages for the development of the mango sector thanks to its fertile soils, variety of climates, its geographical characteristics and its commercial window; these advantages are overshadowed by internal weaknesses in the sector, such as the lack of investment in infrastructure and technology, as well as the low level of association among mango producers. The present work develops the strategic planning of the Mango Sector of the Piura Region, for which an external, internal, and competitive analysis of mango in the region has been carried out, making it possible to establish long-term objectives and strategies that must be implemented to consolidate Piura as the main mango producing and exporting region from Peru, to the year 2022. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the activity of the sector is concentrated in the rural areas of Piura, where the largest proportion of the region's poverty is gathered, therefore, the present work seeks to generate an impulse in the progressive growth in the quality of life of the producers, the creation of new and better jobs and in the increase of the income for the Piura Region.
Tesis
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ORDOÑEZ, REYES DANIELA. "EXTRACCIÓN DE MANGIFERINA A PARTIR DE CÁSCARA DE MANGO ATAULFO." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/110398.
Full textAbstract:
Proceso de extracción de mangiferina a partir de cáscara de mango AtaulfoEn el presente trabajo se llevó a cabo la extracción de mangiferina de la cáscara de mango Ataulfo. La mangiferina, es un polifenol clasificado como una xantona, tiene presencia en todas las partes del árbol y fruto del mango, ha surgido un interés a partir de su uso como suplemento nutricional y fitomedicinal, en el área de la salud se ha corroborado su efectividad para aminorar daños ocasionados por enfermedades crónico-degenerativas: cáncer, diabetes, problemas cardiovasculares u obesidad. La extracción se llevó a cabo mediante el proceso de extracción sólido–líquido utilizando el equipo Soxhlet. Para la extracción y purificación de la mangiferina se siguió la metodología desarrollada por Forero & Pulido (2016) quienes extrajeron la misma molécula, pero de la corteza del árbol de mango. En este trabajo se modificó la cantidad de reactivos y se cambió la matriz, empleando cáscara seca de mango Ataulfo, molida y clasificada en dos distribuciones de tamaño de partícula; (DTP), la DTP1 de: 4.76 mm - 3.35mm y la segunda DTP2: de 2.36 mm – 2.0 m. La mangiferina se identificó en el extracto acuoso mediante espectrofotometría UV-Vis e Infrarrojo. Los resultados muestran que la cantidad de extracto total de la DTP2 es 9.5 % mayor que la de la DTP1. En cuanto el rendimiento, sigue la misma premisa, es 2.035 % mayor con la DTP2 respecto de la DTP1.
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Bispo, Wilka Messner da Silva. "Physiological and biochemical aspects of the mango-Ceratocystis fimbriata interaction." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7183.
Full textAbstract:
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A seca-da-mangueira, causada por Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted, tem grande impacto econômico, sendo uma das doenças que mais afeta a produção de manga no mundo. Observações empíricas têm mostrado grande variabilidade entre as cultivares em termos de seu nível basal de resistência à seca-da-mangueira, no entanto, poucos esforços tem sido realizados no sentido de elucidar os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na resposta do hospedeiro ao processo de infecção. Considerando a lacuna de informações existente na literatura acerca da fisiologia da doença, este estudo teve como objetivo principal, investigar alterações fisiológicas nas plantas das cultivares de manga Ubá, Tommy Atkins e Palmer, as quais apresentam diferentes níveis de resistência basal à seca-da-mangueira. As relações entre a severidade da doença e as mudanças fisiológicas do hospedeiro foram avaliadas em três experimentos distintos, em que a cv. Ubá, considerada resistente, confrontou as cvs. Tommy Atkins (moderadamente resistente) e Palmer (suscetível). Os dois primeiros experimentos compararam o comportamento das cvs. Ubá e Tommy Atkins em relação às possíveis alterações no status hídrico das plantas e na ativação do sistema antioxidativo em resposta a infecção por C. fimbriata. Em suma, diminuições mais pronunciadas na condutância hidráulica aparente, na assimilação líquida de CO2 e na condutância estomática foram observadas na cv. Tommy Atkins, bem como a diminuição na concentração de clorofila e aumentos na concentração de aminoácidos livres totais, prolina e peroxidação lipídica. Plantas da cv. Tommy Atkins também apresentaram aumentos mais significativos na atividade das enzimas dismutase do superóxido (SOD), peroxidases não-específicas (POX), peroxidase do ascorbato (APX), peroxidase daglutationa (GPX) e redutase da glutationa (GR), e concentrações de metabolitos (peróxido de hidrogênio e compostos fenólicos totais) relacionados às respostas ao estresse oxidativo. Essas modificações foram mínimas na cv. Ubá. Maior severidade da doença foi também encontrada nas plantas da cv. Palmer durante o terceiro experimento, quando comparada com a cv. Ubá. Além de reduzido desempenho fotossintético, a cv. Palmer mostrou a diminuição das concentrações foliares de amido e aumento na concentração de hexoses, em consonância com a reduzida atividade da pirofosforilase da ADP-glucose (AGPase) e um aumento na atividade de ambas as invertases, ácida e alcalina, o que sugere a necessidade osmólitos para a manutenção da turgescência celular e proteção de membranas e proteínas devido aos maiores danos sofridos por esta cultivar. As amostras foliares da cv. Ubá não apresentaram alterações nas concentrações de carboidratos e atividade de enzimas, como as envolvidas na síntese de amido (AGPase) e sacarose (sintase da sacarose fosfato, SPS). No entanto, ao longo do experimento, observou-se redução na concentração de amido nos tecidos caulinares, sugerindo um aumento da remobilização de reservas para a produção de compostos de defesa no local da infecção. Conclui-se, então, que os sintomas da doença desenvolveram-se mais rapidamente nas cvs. Tommy Atkins e Palmer e foram associados às maiores restrições nas relações hídricas e trocas gasosas, além de sintomas de estresse oxidativo, quando em estádios mais avançados da infecção fúngica. Em contraste, a cv. Ubá mostrou-se capaz de atuar diretamente no local da infecção, adiando a colonização do patógeno pelos tecidos e o desenvolvimento dos sintomas de murcha.
The mango (Mangifera indica L.) wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted, has great economic impact, being one of the most important diseases affecting mango production worldwide. Empirical observations have shown great variability among mango cultivars in terms of their basal level of resistance to the mango wilt; nevertheless, to date, few attempts have been made to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying how mango respond to fungal infection. Considering the lack of information about the mango wilt physiology, this study aimed to investigate some physiological alterations in mango plants from cultivars Ubá, Tommy Atkins and Palmer, which present different levels of basal resistance to the mango wilt. The relationships between disease severity and the host physiological changes were assessed in three distinct experiments, in which cv. Ubá, considered resistant, confronted both cvs. Tommy Atkins (moderately resistant) and Palmer (susceptible). The first two experiments confronted cvs. Ubá and Tommy Atkins for the possible changes in plant water relations and the differences in the antioxidative responses upon fungal inoculation. The more pronounced decreases in apparent hydraulic conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were observed in cv. Tommy Atkins relative to cv. Ubá upon fungal inoculation, as well as decreases in total chlorophyll concentration and increases in total free amino acids, proline concentration and lipid peroxidation. Plants from cv. Tommy Atkins also presented more prominent increases in the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), non- specific peroxidases (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes and concentrations of metabolites (hydrogen peroxide and total phenolics) related to the oxidative stress responses. These modifications were minimal in cv. Ubá. Greater disease severity was also found for plants from cv. Palmer in the third experiment when compared to cv. Ubá. In addition to reduced photosynthetic performance, leaves from cv. Palmer showed decreased concentrations of starch and increases in hexoses concentrations as disease progressed, in accordance with the reduced activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and increased activity of both acid and alkaline invertases, suggesting the need for osmolytes to maintain cell turgor and the protection of membranes and proteins due to the higher damages. By contrast, leaf samples from cv. Ubá showed no changes in carbohydrates concentration and on the activity of enzymes, such as those involved in the synthesis of starch (AGPase) and sucrose (sucrose phosphate synthase, SPS). Nevertheless, throughout the experiment, reduced starch concentrations were found in the stem tissues of cv. Ubá suggesting an increased remobilization of reserves for the production of defense compounds at the infection sites. It can be concluded that disease symptoms developed faster on plants from cv. Tommy Atkins and Palmer and were associated with a more pronounced impairment of water relations and gas exchange coupled with symptoms of oxidative stress at advanced stages of fungal infection. In sharp contrast, cv. Ubá was better able to act locally at the site of infection, postponing pathogen spread and the development of wilt symptoms.
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Umbelino, Daniela Cardoso. "Caracterização sensorial por analise descritiva quantitativa e analise tempo-intensidade de suco e de polpa de manga (Mangifera indica L.) adoçados com diferentes edulcorantes." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254238.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Helena Maria Andre BoliniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O Brasil possui um grande potencial de produção de sucos de frutas tropicais, entre os quais destaca-se o suco de manga. Por outro lado, a preocupação com a saúde impulsionou a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de alimentos de baixa caloria e adoçantes não calóricos. Os edulcorantes podem produzir características sensoriais indesejáveis, sendo necessário estudá-los, individualmente, no alimento ou bebida aos quais são adicionados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o comportamento do suco de manga concentrado e da polpa de manga congelada, ambos reconstituídos e adoçados com diferentes edulcorantes (mistura ciclamato/sacarina 2:1, aspartame, sucralose e extrato de folhas de estévia) e com sacarose, sob o ponto de vista físico-químico e sensorial. Foram realizadas determinações fisico-químicas (pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e totais, açúcares redutores e não-redutores, e cor), determinação de doçura equivalente, análise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ), análise tempo-intensidade (ATI) e análise de aceitação. Os dados obtidos na análise descritiva quantitativa, e os dados dos parâmetros obtidos nas curvas tempo-intensidade foram avaliados através de análise de variância (ANOVA), testes de médias de Tukey e análise de componentes principais (ACP). Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o programa SAS. A concentração ideal de sacarose a ser adicionada ao suco e à polpa de manga foi de 8 e 7,5%, respectivamente. A estévia apresentou o menor poder edulcorante e a maior diferença de potência em suco e em polpa de manga. Os demais edulcorantes apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes em suco e em polpa de manga em relação ao poder edulcorante, sendo a maior potência exibida pela sucralose. Na análise descritiva quantitativa, a estévia caracterizou-se por apresentar níveis elevados de doçura residual, amargor e amargor residual. A análise tempo-intensidade avaliou os estímulos doce, amargo e sabor de fruta, em suco e em polpa de manga. Na análise tempo-intensidade, a estévia apresentou a maior intensidade máxima para os estímulos doce e amargo, e esta característica persistiu por um longo período, confirmando a presença de doçura e de amargor residual intenso na amostra. A sacarose caracterizou-se por apresentar gosto doce limpo, sem residual amargo. Em relação ao estímulo sabor de fruta, a sacarose exibiu a maior intensidade máxima, e o aspartame o maior tempo total de duração do estímulo, indicando potencialização do sabor de fruta por este edulcorante. O aspartame e a sucralose foram os edulcorantes, cujo comportamento sensorial mais se aproximou ao da sacarose, na análise descritiva quantitativa e na análise tempo-intensidade. As maiores médias de aceitação, em relação ao sabor e à impressão global, foram exibidas pelas amostras adoçadas com sacarose, aspartame e sucralose, indicado que a aceitação do produto está diretamente relacionada à intensidade de doçura residual, amargor e amargor residual presentes no produto
Abstract: Brazil has a great potential for tropical fruit juice production, amongst which mango deserves special attention. In addition concern about health given inpetus to research and development on low calorie foods and non-caloric sweeteners. Alternative sweeteners can produce a variety of indesirable sensory characteristics, it being necessary to study them individually in the specific food or beverage. The objective of this study was to sensorially evaluate, industrialized reconstituted mango juice and mango pulp, sweetened with various edulcorants (mixture of cyclamate/saccharin 2:1, aspartame, sucralose and stevioside leaf extract) and sucrose. Physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, total and soluble solids, reducing and non-reducing sugars and colour) determinations were carried out and also sensory analysis such as ideal sweetness using the just-about-right scale, sweetness equivalents, quantitative descriptive analysis, time-intensity analysis and acceptability of the sweetened mango juice and pulp with sucrose and with the edulcorants cited above. The quantitative descriptive analysis, time intensity analysis and acceptance test data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey¿s Test and the principal component analysis. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program. The optimum sucrose concentration was 8% in mango juice and 7.5% in mango pulp. The results showed that sucralose had the greatest potency amongst the four intensity sweeteners tested in mango juice and pulp, while stevia leaf extract exhibited the smallest. Stevioside leaf extract was characterized by a strong bitter taste, sweet aftertaste and bitter aftertaste in the quantitative descriptive analysis. Sweetness, bitterness and fruitiness were evaluated by time-intensity methodology for mango juice and pulp. Stevioside leaf extract time-intensity curves showed a significantly longer sweet and bitter aftertaste than other sweeteners. Sucrose displayed a clean sweet taste with no unpleasant aftertaste. Sucrose had a higher intensity of fruit flavor and aspartame elicited significantly longer persistence of fruitiness, suggesting an intensification effect. The sensorial profiles of aspartame and sucralose were similar to that of sucrose in the quantitative descriptive analysis and time-intensity analysis. The acceptance test showed that the formulations with sucrose, aspartame and sucralose were similar in all attributes and had the highest acceptability. This observation suggests that the acceptance of a sweetener is related to the intensity of sweet aftertaste, bitter and bitter aftertaste
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Silva, Ana Paula Fioravante Bernardes. "Perfil de carboidratos de diferentes cultivares de manga durante o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-11022015-081839/.
Full textAbstract:
A manga é um fruto ainda considerado exótico, onde quase tudo relativo ao seu amadurecimento está por ser esclarecido. Pouco se conhece da sua fisiologia e bioquímica pós colheita. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar algumas variedades de mangas durante o crescimento e amadurecimento; quanto aos açúcares solúveis, amido e ácido ascórbico; a atividade das enzimas sacarose-fosfato sintase e sacarose sintase durante este mesmo período na manga Van Dyke e o perfil de respiração e etileno das variedades Van Dyke, Tommy Atkins e Haden após a colheita. Os resultados mostraram que os perfis dos açúcares solúveis relativos ao adoçamento e seu metabolismo são altamente dependentes do cultivar e da maturidade fisiológica da manga. A sacarose foi o açúcar predominante em todas as variedades analisadas, sendo que o maior valor encontrado foi de aproximadamente 5% na manga Van Dyke. A frutose foi a hexose predominante na manga madura, e sua relação com a glicose variou de 2,5 a 48 vezes. Os teores de amido existentes quando a manga é colhida, independente da variedade, são muito baixos, menores que 3,0%. As enzimas ligadas ao metabolismo da sacarose, saca rose-fosfato sintase (SPS) e sacarose sintase (SS), tiveram a atividade aumentada na fase de amadurecimento pós colheita no cultivar Van Dyke. O teor de ácido ascórbico, na maioria das variedades diminuiu antes da colheita, exceto a manga Keitt e a manga Tommy Atkins, sendo esta a que apresentou maior teor de ácido ascórbico no fruto maduro. Não houve produção de etileno após o ponto de colheita, e foi encontrado mais de um pico de respiração nas mangas Haden e Van Dyke, resultado atípico de outros frutos climatéricos.The mango ripening process and the associated physiological and biochemical changes is still poorly known. Also is unknown if the bulk of sugar is accumulated prior or after the onset of ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soluble sugars, starch and ascorbic acid content during the growth and ripening of several mango varietes. The sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) activities were evaluated in Van Dyke mango variety. The post harvest respiration and ethylene profiles of the Van Dyke, Tommy Atkins and Haden varieties were analyzed after harvesting. The results shown that the changes on total sugar profiles were highly dependent on the cultivar and physiogical maturity. Sucrose was the predominant sugar in ali analyzed varieties. The fructose amount was 2,5 to 48 times higher than glucose being the predominant hexoses in ripe fruit. The starch content of any variety of harvested mango is too low, with values under 3,0%. The sucrose related enzymes (SPS and SS), showed an increasing activity during the post-harvest ripening of Van Dyke\'s cultivar. For most varieties, the ascorbic acid content decreased before the harvest point, except for Keitt and Tommy Atkins mangos. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in the ripened Tommy fruit. One increase in the ethylene was not detected after harvesting. More than one respiration peak was detected for Haden and Van Dyke\'s varieties, this result is different of the other climacteric fruit\'s one.