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Journal articles on the topic 'Manganese carbide'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Karen, Pavel, and Bohumil Hájek. "Hydrolysis of manganese carbides Mn5C2 and Mn23C6." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 8 (1986): 1628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861628.

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Diffractographically pure manganese carbides Mn5C2 and Mn23C6 were hydrolyzed with water at 25 and 60 °C. Based on the model of contracting spherical particles in the carbide powder particulate system, the corrosion rates were calculated from the course of gas evolution during the hydrolysis; the values obtained were as follows in μm/h: Mn5C2: 1.2 ± 0.4 at 25 °C and 10 ± 3 at 60 °C, and Mn23C6: 0.15 ± 0.01 at 25 °C and 2.2 ± 0.2 at 60 °C. The hydrolysis gives rise to hydrogen and a concentration-decreasing sequence of predominantly saturated hydrocarbons, the fraction of C2 and higher hydrocarbons being about 6 times lower for Mn23C6 than for Mn5C2. The hydrogen and hydrocarbon contents of the mixture after hydrolysis are consistent with the assumed reaction course, where the adsorbed active hydrogen, formed during the hydrolysis reaction due to the metallic nature of the carbide, partly reacts with the methane arising from the hydrolysis of the C1 groups in the carbide and partly combines to molecular hydrogen.

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2

Linnarsson, M. K., and A. Hallén. "Manganese in silicon carbide." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 273 (February 2012): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.07.056.

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3

Iker, Mathieu, D. Gaude-Fugarolas, Pascal J. Jacques, and Francis Delannay. "Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Steels by Combination of Precipitation Hardening and Mechanical Twinning." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.852.

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Twinning-Induced Plasticity steels (TWIP steels) are extensively studied due to their ultra-high strain-hardening rate, that brings about a remarkable combination of ductility and strength. Twinning can be observed in high manganese-carbon steels. This paper considers hardening by combination of mechanical twinning with carbide precipitation. The kinetics of precipitation and the morphological evolution of carbides with annealing time were studied for two different TWIP steels with high manganese and carbon contents. The steels are first cold-rolled and then annealed at 800°C for recrystallization and carbide precipitation. Depending on the steel composition, the kinetics of precipitation and the morphology of the carbides are quite different. The influence of the annealing cycle on the mechanical properties has also been assessed. The results are used to discuss the influence of composition, stacking fault energy (SFE) and carbide precipitation on twinning. We show that the usual criteria based on the SFE only are not sufficient to characterize the twinning ability of a steel.

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4

Byelikov, S., I. Volchok, and V. Netrebko. "Manganese Influence on Chromium Distribution in High-Chromium Cast Irons." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0095.

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Abstract It is shown that chromium distribution in the metal base of high-chromium cast irons depends on manganese content. According to the X-ray micro-spectral analysis data with the increase of manganese content from 0.72 to 6.49% chromium content decreased in the near-carbide zones. At the same time chromium content in carbides increased. This process obtained particularly strong development inside eutectic colonies of carbides. As a result of it, when total chromium content in the alloy has been 23%, its concentration in the local zones was 12,3%, thus the necessary level of corrosion resistance has not been provided. The minimal chromium content has to amount 23.2%, at 6.49% Mn and 2.2...2.5% C in order to provide corrosion resistance of high-chromium cast irons

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5

Feng, Yi Fan, Ren Bo Song, Shi Guang Peng, Chang Hong Cai, and Zhi Dong Tan. "Effect of Aging Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of V Alloyed High Manganese Austenitic Steel." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.766.

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The effect of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-16Mn-1.3C-0.3V steel was investigated. After a series of heat treatment experimental processes, including solution treatment at 1080 oC for 1 h then aging treatment at 350 oC, 400 oC, 450 oC, 500 oC and 550 oC for 1 h respectively, the microstructure of V alloyed high manganese austenitic steels were studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental steel had the best comprehensive performance after aging treated at 450 oC for 1 h. It presented hardness of 249HB, impact toughness of 215 J·cm-2, tensile strength of 707 MPa, yield strength of 421 MPa and elongation of 30.8%. With the aging temperature increased, the amount of precipitates increased and precipitates gradually transformed from globularity to needle. EDS analysis showed the most striking difference between two types carbides. That the globular carbide had a lot of vanadium element, which could cause the hardness of globular carbide higher than needle-like carbide. TEM showed the size of these globular carbide particles were 10~100 nm. SADP demonstrated that the fine globular precipitate was vanadium carbide (VC).

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6

Kolli, R. Prakash, and David N. Seidman. "Co-Precipitated and Collocated Carbides and Cu-Rich Precipitates in a Fe–Cu Steel Characterized by Atom-Probe Tomography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 6 (September 25, 2014): 1727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013221.

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AbstractThe composition of co-precipitated and collocated NbC carbide precipitates, Fe3C iron carbide (cementite), and Cu-rich precipitates are studied experimentally by atom-probe tomography (APT). The Cu-rich precipitates located at a grain boundary (GB) are also studied. The APT results for the carbides are supplemented with computational thermodynamics predictions of composition at thermodynamic equilibrium. Two types of NbC carbide precipitates are distinguished based on their stoichiometric ratio and size. The Cu-rich precipitates at the periphery of the iron carbide and at the GB are larger than those distributed in the α-Fe (body-centered cubic) matrix, which is attributed to short-circuit diffusion of Cu along the GB. Manganese segregation is not observed at the heterophase interfaces of the Cu-rich precipitates that are located at the periphery of the iron carbide or at the GB, which is unlike those located at the edge of the NbC carbide precipitates or distributed in the α-Fe matrix. This suggests the presence of two populations of NiAl-type (B2 structure) phases at the heterophase interfaces in multicomponent Fe–Cu steels.

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7

Tarraste, Marek, Jakob Kübarsepp, Kristjan Juhani, Märt Kolnes, Mart Viljus, and Arvo Mere. "Sintering of High Mn Cemented Carbides in Mn-Rich Environment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.402.

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The economic, environmental and healthcare aspects are pushing cemented carbide industry to reduce or even avoid the usage of conventional binder metals – nickel and cobalt. Commonly, austenitic Fe-Ni alloys have been preferred choice for substituting Co. Similar to Ni, manganese acts as austenite stabilizer and studies have shown that Fe-Mn alloys offer alternative binder metal to Co and Ni in cemented tungsten carbides. In addition, Fe-Mn as a binder potentially offers improved wear resistance due to the well-known wear properties of Fe-Mn-C steels. Addition of chromium to the binder composition increases corrosion performance of composite. Cemented carbides bonded with austenitic FeCrNi binder have demonstrated promising performance. In present work the possibility of achieving austenitic binder phase through substitution of nickel by manganese as an austenite stabilizer is investigated. Structure formation, phase composition and mechanical performance of WC-FeMn and WC-FeCrMn cemented carbides are discussed.

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8

Chubukov, M. Yu, D. V. Rutskii, and N. A. Zuyban. "Investigation of the Influence of the Chemical Composition of Tubular Steels on the Features of the Formation of Phase Constituents during the Solidification of Continuously Cast Billets by Computer Simulation." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.598.

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The paper presents the results of modeling the features of the formation of the main phase constituents and carbide phases during solidification and cooling of a continuously cast billet from low carbon pre-peritectic and peritectic steels used for the production of seamless pipes. As a result of calculation using the software system Fact Sage, it was found that with a carbon content in the range from 0.04% to 0.20%, and when vanadium and niobium carbide elements are introduced into the composition of carbide-forming elements of mass fraction to 0.08%, a change occurs phase composition of steels in different temperature ranges. Positive dynamics in the part of increasing the content of δ-ferrite and narrowing of the crystallization interval by transferring steel to the pre-peritectic class are noted. The temperature intervals for the separation of carbide and carbon-nitride phases in steels with different chemical compositions have been established. A comparative study of steels with manganese-vanadium / manganese-vanadium-niobium and steels with a manganese-silicon alloying system showed a significant difference in the separation of carbonitride phases in the temperature range 1200-800 ° C due to the formation of high-temperature constituents.

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9

Wang, Jing, Si Jing Fu, Shu Yong Jiang, and Hong Cheng. "Study on Titanium Carbide Particles Reinforced High Manganese Steel Composite." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.232.

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High manganese matrix composite, reinforced by TiC particles, was synthesized in situ by means of conventional powder metallurgy route. The microstructure was investigated by means of Scanning electron microscopy. Pin-on-disc dry sliding wear tests had been carried out to study the wear behavior of TiC-reinforced high manganese steel matrix composites. The results show that TiC carbides are distributed uniformly in the composite. The abrasive wear resistance of the composites is higher than that of the unreinforced high manganese steel.

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10

Riebisch, M., B. Pustal, and A. Bührig-Polaczek. "Influence of Carbide-Promoting Elements on the Microstructure of High-Silicon Ductile Iron." International Journal of Metalcasting 14, no. 4 (March 9, 2020): 1152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00442-1.

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Abstract Because of its low cost, steel scrap is one of the most important raw materials for the production of ductile iron (DI). The amount of carbide-promoting elements in steel scrap, such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium, is expected to increase in the future. Most of these elements have a negative impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DI. The solubility of carbide-promoting elements in solid solution-strengthened DI materials, standardized in DIN EN 1563:2011, is modified by the high silicon content. For these new materials, the tolerance limits for carbide-promoting elements and their mutual influence must be known to ensure a sustainable production process. To investigate the individual and combined impact of carbide-promoting elements on the carbide content in high-silicon ductile iron EN-GJS-500-14, experimental investigations and thermodynamic–kinetic microstructure simulations were carried out. Microstructure was characterized using metallographic analysis, and quantitative relations between chemical composition and microstructure were developed by means of regression analysis. Besides this quantitative analysis, it was found that the formation of grain boundary carbides can be detected via thermal analysis. Furthermore, experiments and simulations showed that vanadium promotes the formation of chunky graphite in high-silicon DI castings.

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11

TAKASHIMA, Toshiyuki, Tsuyoshi YAMAMOTO, and Toshio NARITA. "Metallizing of Silicon-Carbide Ceramics with Manganese Vapor." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 101, no. 1170 (1993): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.101.164.

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12

Liu, Zhi Xue, and Ju Qiang Cheng. "Microstructure and Properties and Wear Resistant of Carbide Free Bainitic Casting Steel." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1056.

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The microstructure and properties and wear resistant of carbide free bainitic casting steel were studied by using of OM, TEM, XRD, impact test and abrasion test. The results showed that after normalizing at 1080°C and tempering at low temperature the microstructures consisted of bainitic ferrite, remaining austenite and no carbides with combination properties of strength and toughness. After tempering at 250°C the tensile strength was 1667MPa, Rockwell hardness HRC49 and impact ductility AKU 36J, respectively. This new casting steel by normalizing at 1080°Cand tempering at 200°C had better wear resistance than that of high manganese steel under the same test conditions, moreover the reason was analyzed.

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13

Briki, Jalel, and S. Ben Slima. "Influence of Manganese Content on the Dissolution of the Iron Carbide Phase (Cementite) during a Graphitization Anneal of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Journal of Metallurgy 2012 (May 20, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/841901.

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The transformation of iron carbide cementite was investigated on spheroidal graphite containing different contents of manganese. The isothermal maintain were carried out at 600, 650, 700, and 750°C for periods of up to one hour. It was observed that the kinetics of graphitization is slowed even more than cast iron rich in manganese.

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14

Tęcza, G., and J. Głownia. "Resistance to Abrasive Wear and Volume Fraction of Carbides in Cast High-manganese Austenitic Steel with Composite Structure." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0092.

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Abstract Cast Hadfield steel is characterised by high abrasion resistance, provided, however, that it is exposed to the effect of dynamic loads. During abrasion without loading, e.g. under the impact of loose sand jet, its wear resistance drops very drastically. To increase the abrasion resistance of this alloy under the conditions where no pressure is acting, primary vanadium carbides are formed in the metallurgical process, to obtain a composite structure after the melt solidification. The primary, very hard, carbides uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix are reported to double the wear resistance of samples subjected to the effect of a silicon carbide-water mixture.

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15

Sun, Weiwei, Yu Xie, and Paul R. C. Kent. "Double transition metal MXenes with wide band gaps and novel magnetic properties." Nanoscale 10, no. 25 (2018): 11962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00513c.

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16

Romanenko, Dmitriy N., Victor V. Gorozhankin, and Marina V. Nalimova. "Hardenability and Wear Resistance of Carburized to Hypereutectic Concentrations Steels." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.330.

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In this article the experimental data of the hardness and wear resistance of chrome-manganese steels 35H3G2F and 35HGF, which are cemented in a highly active paste-like carburizer and hardened at various temperatures, are presented. Cementation and high temperature carbonitriding of these steels leads to a high content of the carbide phase in the diffuse layers and an increase of hardness and wear resistance. The effect of carbides on the hardenability of diffuse layers are investigated. The hardening temperature ranges of these steels and the effect of alloying elements on hardness are established. The mechanism of the phase formation of the highest hardness structures is described. The carbides influence on the wear mechanism of cemented in various modes steels is studied.

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17

Davydov, S. V., and A. O. Gorlenko. "The Wear Resistance of Mottled Iron with Stabilized Carbide Phase." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.22.

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There is investigated the wear resistance of mottled irons with stabilized carbide phase, obtained by alloying iron with copper, chromium and sulfur. It is shown that during heat treatment the outer shell of the carbide phase inclusions, destabilized with copper, dissolves, leaving a core stabilized with chromium. Carbon from the carbide phase dissolution coats the surface of manganese sulphide inclusions, forming additional wear-resistant structural component of mottled iron. The resulting structures can be attributed to compositional structures, which morphology and phase composition can be controlled by alloying and heat treatment.

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18

Shihab, T. A., Yu I. Paraiko, P. M. Prysyazhnyuk, L. Ya Ropyak, V. V. Turluch, and Ya A. Kryl’. "Infiltration Kinetics of Cr3C2 by Manganese Cupronickel in the Process of Obtaining Cermets." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.16.2.408-412.

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A theoretical model of infiltration kinetics based on the Darcy's law which was evaluated by W − Lambert function has been established for Cu-Ni-Mn alloy (grade MNMts 60-20-20) during melt infiltration into Cr3C2 porous skeletons with different morphology. It is shown, that theoretical calculations are in good correlation with experimental data obtained by pressureless infiltration of carbide preforms with open porosity 20-40 vol. % at 1200 °C. Calculations shows that infiltration height dependence on the average size of carbide particles is described by curves with a maximum which corresponds to~ 60 μm for specified system with carbide skeleton porosity of 40 vol. %.

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19

Nickel, J., A. N. Shuaib, and I. M. Allam. "Wear Studies of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Using Micro-Beam Techniques." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833800.

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Particle accelerator based μ-PIXE and μ-RBS techniques along with optical microscopy, SEM and EDS were employed to examine the worn faces of uncoated tungsten carbide inserts used for cutting free machining steel. The study is concentrated on the deposited manganese sulfide onto the rake and flank faces of the tool tips, and on the changes in the tool matrix composition arising from the prevailing wear mechanisms. The manganese and iron distributions on the worn faces of the tool tips showed a very good reproducibility for similar cutting conditions. Evidence of the decomposition of tungsten carbide in the crater and the diffusion and/or oxidation of the freed tungsten is presented. The strength of the μ-PIXE and μ-RBS versus conventional techniques is demonstrated by the ability of the former techniques to resolve the structure and the composition of deposited layers in three dimensions.

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20

Przyłęcka, M., W. Gęstwa, and G. E. Totten. "Modelling of retained austenite in carburized layers." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120013.

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In this paper, modelling of the phase composition of the carburized case produced on steel alloys containing chromium, manganese and nickel will be discussed. In particular, the effect of steel composition on the amount of retained austenite and carbide structure will be discussed. These microstrucures were selected because they exhibit the greatest influence on the correlation between structure and properties of hardened carburized case. The thermal process largely influences the formation of carbides quantity of residual austenite in structure of hardened carburized elements. Properties evaluated include: hardness, micro-hardness, and impact resistance. The model can be applied to carburized 20H (20Cr4), 15HN (17CrNi6-6) and 16HG (16MNCr5) steel although data for 20H (20Cr4) steel is provided here.

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21

Li, Hong Wei, Guo Ping Li, Wen Chen, Li Hui Sun, Feng Hua Luo, Yong Du, and Si Tao Wang. "Effect of WC and Co on the Microstructure and Properties of TiC Steel-Bonded Carbide." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1468.

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TiC base high manganese steel-bonded carbide was manufactured with conventional powder metallurgy method to service in wear and impact resistant condition. WC was added in the alloy in the form of (W,Ti)C carbides to improve the impact toughness and expand the applications of alloy, meanwhile, cobalt powder was also used to enhance the wettability of the metallic binder on the ceramic phase. Results showed that the impact toughness of the alloy was increased remarkably with the increase of WC content. The impact toughness reached 10.6 J/cm2 when WC content was 10.5 wt.%, while the hardness of the alloy did not decrease. It was indicated that the appropriate content of WC and cobalt can improve impact toughness and wear resistance of the alloy greatly with little increase in the production cost.

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22

Okajima, Yoshiaki, and Kunio Miyazaki. "Solid-State Reaction between Manganese Thin Films and Silicon carbide." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 24, Part 1, No. 8 (August 20, 1985): 940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.24.940.

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23

Kalemos, Apostolos, Thom H. Dunning, and Aristides Mavridis. "Ab initio study of the electronic structure of manganese carbide." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 15 (April 21, 2006): 154308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2181972.

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24

Vdovin, K. N., N. A. Feoktistov, and D. A. Gorlenko. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Wear Resistance of Alloyed Hadfield Steel and Phase Transformations in it." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.640.

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The paper investigates the influence of alloying of high manganese steel with various materials on its wear resistance. It describes the results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis obtained in the process of thermal investigation of high manganese steel alloyed with different materials. The processes taking place in alloyed high manganese steel during heat treatment were considered. Besides, the paper shows the results of investigation of kinetics of oxidation of high manganese steels, temperatures of the start and completion of carbide decomposition and carbon burning; the comparative analysis of these processes was carried out. The research group determined the qualitative characteristics of the steel decarburization process depending on the implemented alloying scheme of high manganese steel. Scientific justification was given to the results obtained in the research work. The technological recommendations, which make it possible to calculate the optimum hardening temperature of high manganese steels, were given. General conclusions were made in the final part of the paper.

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25

Bydałek, A. W., and A. Bydałek. "The Results of the Brass Refining Process in the Reducer Conditions." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0005.

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Abstract This article contains information concerning of the analysis the possibility of defining refinery qualities of the slag based thermo-physical and thermo-dynamical data. It was showed the brass refining with the many-carbide reagents introduced in to the slag. The paper presents the results of the structure analysis of the brass after carbide slag refining in the industrial conditions. The results of the macrostructure analysis have confirmed the argument on high reducing effectiveness of manganese and aluminium carbide used during CuZn39Pb2 alloy melting. The X-Ray microanalysis of the ingot cross-section has shown considerable discrepancies in the disposition of the inclusions. This effects showed on the great influence of reduction melting condition in to the brass melting.

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26

Kalandyk, B., G. Tęcza, R. Zapała, and S. Sobula. "Cast High-Manganese Steel – the Effect of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Behaviour in Miller Test." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0033.

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Abstract The results of the modification of austenitic matrix in cast high-manganese steel containing 11÷19% Mn with additions of Cr, Ni and Ti were discussed. The introduction of carbide-forming alloying elements to this cast steel leads to the formation in matrix of stable complex carbide phases, which effectively increase the abrasive wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. The starting material used in tests was a cast Hadfield steel containing 11% Mn and 1.34% C. The results presented in the article show significant improvement in abrasive wear resistance and hardness owing to the structure modification with additions of Cr and Ti.

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27

Han, Gui Quan, and Zeng Zhi Zhang. "Experimental Research on Cutting Temperature of Cemented Carbide Tools during Cutting Austenitic Manganese Steel." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.347.

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The cutting temperature rules of cemented carbide tools YW2 during cutting austenitic manganese steel ZGMn13 were investigated by experiments through systematically changing cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, cutting depth) under the condition of dry cutting. The experiential expressions for cutting temperature of tools were summarized while dominating factors for influencing cutting temperature were analyzed. The results show that accounting values by experiential formulae basically match actually measuring values by experiments which may play an important role in studying cutting law of austenitic manganese steel. Cutting speed plays a major role in determining the temperature of cutting tools, followed by feed rate and depth of cutting.

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28

Rong, Shou Fan, Chuang Liu, Ji Wei Guo, Meng Xue Wang, and Qin Lei Liu. "The Influence of Hadifield Steel-Bonded TiC Preparation Process on Microstructure and Properties." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1825.

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In the paper, we selected high manganese steel as the binder and titanium carbide as the hard phase, which could attain single austenite bonded titanium carbide after water toughening in order to combine excellent toughness of matrix with good wear resistance of TiC organically for some components that required excellent toughness and wearability. By dint of SEM, XRD etc. detection means, effects of ingredient proportion, preparation technics and heat treatment parameters on hardness, microstructure, and mechanical property were investigated; so the composition and preparation process of TiC cemented were confirmed, which was applied to grinding with large impact force.

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29

Rios, P. R., and R. W. K. Honeycombe. "Carbide precipitation in low carbon niobium steel containing manganese and chromium." Materials Science and Technology 6, no. 9 (September 1990): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1990.6.9.838.

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30

Eom, Chang Ho, and Dong Joon Min. "Kinetics of the formation reaction of manganese carbide under various gases." Metals and Materials International 22, no. 1 (January 2016): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-015-5419-1.

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31

Shepetovskii, I. E., A. G. Shalygin, M. R. Sadradinov, R. I. Nuriev, A. S. Bliznyukov, A. R. Makavetskas, and Yu Yu Fishchenko. "Study of the scull composition in the blast furnace hearth of Kosaya Gora steel-works, producing ferromanganese with application of schungite (report 1)." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 4 (May 18, 2019): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-432-447.

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Processes of lining erosion and scull formation effect considerably the blast furnace (BF) campaign duration. Among factors, influencing the processes, impacts are distinguished, stipulated by the kind of smelted product as well as materials used for scull formation. In the BF No. 2 of Kosaya Gora steel-works within the campaign from October 1999 until November 2015, 930,000 t of high-carbon ferromanganese (mainly ФМн78 grade) and 110,000 t of foundry iron were produced. After it stoppage for overhaul, samples of the scull were picked out and studied. It was revealed, that the scull of walls of BF hearth has a laminated structure and consists of crystallization products of metal and slag melts, namely: graphite, iron carbides, manganese carbides, iron, ferromanganese, slag components. At the macro level the scull has a lamellar structure. Since during the last campaign the blast furnace apart from ferromanganese was smelting foundry iron rather long time, in the samples, picked out at the level of iron notch at some distance from the cooler, the scull metallic phase mainly consisted of iron and iron carbide. In the sample picked out at a big distance from the cooler, in the scull metallic phase the following phases were discovered by X-ray structural and Moessbauer methods: ferromanganese; complicated manganese and iron carbides, as well as α-iron. Quantity of slag components in the scull decreases in direction from iron notch level to the hearth that speaks about splitting (still in the BF hearth) slag and metallic components of the heat products. In the scull content different slag components present: silicate (38.3–47.2% SiO2) with high content of К2О + Na2O (до 32.2%), MnO (up to 7.5%) and FeO (up to 33.2%). During the quick cooling of the components on the hearth cooler, different compositions are formed: X-ray amorphous “glassy phase”, olivine composition slags of Ca(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO4 type, wollastonite, melilite with high amount of iron and manganese. Fine inclusions of titanium nitride are presented in the scull in a small amount, as well as manganese and silicon nitrides and carbonitrides, perofskite CaTiO, the role of which is insignificant in the scull forming.

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32

Luts, A. R., A. P. Amosov, E. I. Latukhin, A. D. Rybakov, V. A. Novikov, and S. I. Shipilov. "Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of (Al–2%Mn)–10%TiC and (Al–5%Cu–2%Mn)–10%TiC nanostructured composite alloys when doped with manganese powder." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-3-30-40.

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The paper studies the effect of doping with manganese powder on the production of (Al–2%Mn)–10%TiC and (Al–5%Cu– 2%Mn)–10%TiC nanostructured composite alloys by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of TiC titanium carbide nanoparticles from Ti + C charge in the melt of matrix alloys. First, manganese metal powder was added to the matrix bases of Al and Al–5%Cu composite alloys in the amount of 2 wt%. This improved aluminum base tensile strength from 81 MPa (for the original A7 grade aluminum) to 136 MPa and aluminum-copper base tensile strength to 169 MPa. It was found that when aluminum was doped with manganese only, the SHS reaction proceeded weakly and not completely, and the carbide phase size in the resulting alloy (Al–2%Mn)–10%TiC varied from nanoscale to several micrometers. When 10% Na2TiF6halide salt was added to the SHS charge, the SHS process intensified, but the resulting alloy contained a considerable amount of pores, inclusions of unreacted charge and large agglomerates of TiC ceramic nanosized particles. Similar results were obtained in cases of using Ti + C and Ti + C + 10%Na2TiF6SHS charges, but with joint doping of matrix aluminum with copper and manganese, providing more uniform distribution of the TiC nanodispersed phase. The best results were obtained by reducing the Na2TiF6salt additive to 5 % of the SHS charge mass, which facilitated smoother and complete synthesis of predominantly TiC nanosized particles and the formation of a non-porous uniform microstructure of (Al–5%Cu–2%Mn)–10%TiC composite alloy with an ultimate tensile strength of 213 MPa and 6,6 % elongation.

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Maghawry, Mahmoud M., Mohamed K. Elfawakhry, Hoda El Faramwy, and Sabreen A. Abdelwahab. "Influence of Ageing Time and Different Ni wt.% on Triplex Steel." Solid State Phenomena 318 (May 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.318.1.

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This paper presents a study of three types of Triples steel, where containing 16 to 28 wt.% manganese, 0.8 to 0.89 wt.% Carbon, 9.9 to 11.21 wt.% Aluminum, and with different Nickel content. We investigated the aging effect on properties of Triplex steel by using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The used temperature in the ageing process is 550°C and we take three different times in that process (1min, 1hr, and 5hrs). The microstructure shows one austenite phase of an as-rolled sample without Ni and shows two austenite phases of an as-rolled sample with Ni content. The k-carbide, intermetallic phase (Ni3Al) and annealing twins formation will appear after adding Ni element. Furthermore, those phases will be increased with aging time. X-ray diffraction shows a competitive formation between the k-carbides and intermetallic phase formation during the aging time. It's confirmed that K-carbides will be formed first after that intermetallic phase, where k-carbides were formed at low temperature. Finally, we can conclude from these results that adding Ni in Triplex steel improves the ductility with 1hr aging time.

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34

Hsiao, Ta Ching, Shen Tsao, Sergey Nagalyuk, and Evgeny Mokhov. "Characterization of Second-Phase Inclusion in Silicon Carbide Powders." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.100.

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A specific transition metal is used as a dopant element in silicon carbide powders to create the compensation effect. According to ab-initio simulation, vanadium, chromium, and manganese-induced compensation decrease the lifetime of the acceptor carrier and cause higher resistance when boron is the main impurity. Since the silicon carbide lattice has low solubility, excess metal precipitates on the surface of powders, particularly on the grain boundaries. The compositions of matrix and precipitation in the powders reveal obvious differences between the two areas. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the structure of VSi2, which indicates the existence of a second phase. Dual-beam focused ion beam (DBFIB) is used to further analyze the geography inside the powders. A cross-section view by DBFIB shows a second phase in the grains with a composition similar to that in the grain boundary. Metal-doped silicon carbide powders are used as starting materials to conduct crystal growth with better dopant element distribution.

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35

Li, Hong Wei, Guo Ping Li, Li Bo Guo, Feng Hua Luo, Xi Bin Wang, and Si Tao Wang. "Effect of WC Additive on Microstructural Evolution and Properties of TiC Steel-Bonded Carbide." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.453.

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TiC base high manganese steel-bonded carbide was manufactured by powder metallurgy technique, and the effect of adding mode of WC additive on microstructural evolution and properties of the alloy was studied. SEM microstructure showed that surrounding structure appeared obviousely with WC additive; while microstructure of the alloy was well-distributed and particle shape was distinct very much. The shape of TiC particles became irregular with pure WC powder addition, and irregular with further increase of WC content, and the shape of some TiC particles became angular because of excessive reaction between TiC particles and WC additive. microstructure of the alloy was refiner and the strength, toughness were improved with the increase of WC addition. (Ti, W)C solid solution is superior to form on the surface of TiC particles through dissolution precipitation mechanism because the activity energy of WC was higher than that of TiC-WC compound carbides when WC was added in the alloy, and the particle shape of TiC became more irregular and the properties were improved significantly.

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36

Chandramouli, V., and Ram Briksha Yadav. "Determination of carbon in uranium carbide using catalytic oxidation by manganese dioxide." Analyst 112, no. 9 (1987): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9871201339.

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37

Sheng, Kang, Zhi-Yong Wang, Hong-Kuan Yuan, and Hong Chen. "Two-dimensional hexagonal manganese carbide monolayer with intrinsic ferromagnetism and half-metallicity." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 103049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abbf6c.

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38

Klimenko, V. N., V. A. Maslyuk, V. S. Kindysheva, I. G. Prikhno, and N. N. Sinitsa. "Interaction of composite chromium carbide-base surfacing materials with manganese German silver." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01171804.

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39

Qichuan, J., H. Zhenming, C. Donghuan, W. Shoushi, and Y. Jiulin. "Abrasion-resistant as-cast manganese steel with nodular carbide modified by calcium." Journal of Materials Science Letters 9, no. 5 (May 1990): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00725896.

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40

Sugimoto, Koh-ichi. "Performance of Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Ferrous Steels Related to Strain-Induced Transformation." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070875.

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Ultrahigh-strength ferrous steels, related to the strain-induced martensite transformation (or transformation-induced plasticity: TRIP) of metastable retained austenite, such as TRIP-aided bainite/martensite steels, quenching and partitioning steels, nanostructured bainitic steels (or carbide free bainitic steels) and medium manganese steels, are currently receiving a great deal of attention from both academic and industry sectors, due to their excellent formability and mechanical properties [...]

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41

Hosseini, Shabnam, and Mohammad Bagher Limooei. "Iterative Taguchi Analysis: Optimizing the Grain Boundary Carbide in Hadfield Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.38.

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Manganese steel (Hadfield) is one of the important alloys in industry due to its special properties. High work hardening ability with appropriate toughness and ductility are the properties that caused this alloy to be used in wear resistance parts and in high strength condition. Heat treatment is the main process through which the desired mechanical properties and microstructures are obtained in Hadfield steel. Iterations of Taguchi designed experiments and analysis were used to determine optimum heat treatment for minimizing grain boundary carbide content in Hadfield steel. Experimental variable chosen for this study included austenitizing temperature and time and rate of quenching. The austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate by changing in quenched solution were seen to have the greatest influence on carbide content in Hadfield steel.

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42

Araujo, A. C. P. C. de, and M. G. Cavalcante. "Effect of divalent chloride salts on lamellar silica conductivity." Cerâmica 59, no. 352 (December 2013): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132013000400015.

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Silica is an important raw material in the production of soluble silicates, silicon and its derivatives: silicon carbide and silicone, which are converted into the lamellar form using the sol-gel process. This compound, which has been extensively studied because it is structurally organized, can be used for selective adsorption of toxic substances or immobilization of photo-active species. Impedance spectroscopy was used in a study of the electrical properties of lamellar silica doped with the following metal salts: nickel chloride, manganese chloride, and copper chloride, in order to observe the cation effect in their structure. In this study, the following order of conductivity was obtained: manganese chloride nickel chloride copper chloride. This effect was also observed using X-ray diffraction analysis.

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43

Shlapak, L. S., Th Shihab, P. M. Prysyazhnyuk, and I. P. Yaremiy. "Structure Formation of the Chromium Carbide-Based Cermet with Copper—Nickel—Manganese Binder." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 38, no. 7 (November 22, 2016): 969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.38.07.0969.

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44

Erauskin, Jose Ignacio, Ara Sargyan, and Jose Luis Arana. "Reinforcement of Austenitic Manganese Steel with (TiMo) Carbide Particles Previously Synthesized by SHS." ISIJ International 49, no. 4 (2009): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.49.582.

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45

Park, Joo Hyun, Geun Ho Park, and Young E. Lee. "Carbide Capacity of CaO–SiO2–MnO Slag for the Production of Manganese Alloys." ISIJ International 50, no. 8 (2010): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.1078.

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46

Di Martino, S. F., and G. Thewlis. "Transformation Characteristics of Ferrite/Carbide Aggregate in Continuously Cooled, Low Carbon-Manganese Steels." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45, no. 2 (October 16, 2013): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2035-x.

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47

Bolton, J. D., and A. J. Gant. "Heat Treatment Response of Sintered M3/2 High Speed Steel Composites Containing Additions of Manganese Sulphide, Niobium Carbide, and Titanium Carbide." Powder Metallurgy 39, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pom.1996.39.1.27.

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48

Veselovsky, А. А. "RESEARCH OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF IRON GEAR WHEELS WITH DIFFUSE CARBIDE LAYER." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 3(50) (September 8, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-28-32.

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The article is concerned with wear resistance increase of saw-tooth enclosed drives applying instead of iron gear wheels, made from cement steel quality, gear wheels from high-duty cast iron of HF 60 with thermodiffusion carbide layer. Elements- diffusants were chosen according to level of carbide forming and hardness of formed layersvanadium- for forming very hard, chrome-medium according to coating and manganese- for low layers according to coating hardness. Layers are formed on spur gears, which are reverse gear of light vehicle. Setting for research included draw gear- asynchronous electric drive, placed on lathe-bed with the help of which rotation of gear shift transmission with powered reverse gear was done. Transmission output shaft was pressed into chunk. Kinematick of disconnected machine provided necessary moment resistance. Through given number of cycles the box was taken down, gear set was removed and metal graphic research was carried out. Residual layer thickness and linear wear were diagnosed, on the basis of obtained experimental data we built characteristic curves of linear wear from number of stress cycles. For comparative evaluation in this type of research we carried out experiments on measurement of linear wear of case – hardening steel 20 ChGn after cementation and further quenching and research of hardened cast iron HF mark 60. It was found out that the highest quality wearing in this type of research vanadium layers have, slightly lower quality wear chromium plate have and on the 3rd place manganese layers. The worst quality wear we observed in steel 20 ChGN. On the basis of obtained –experimental data empirical regularities of wear rate of layers from their Brinnel hardness and diameter of obtained copy were determined.

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49

Jiang, Ye Hua, Rong Feng Zhou, Dehong Lu, and Zhen Hua Li. "Microstructures and Properties of a Bainite and Martensite Dual-Phase Cast Steel Fabricated by Combination of Alloying and Controlled Cooling Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.93.

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A bainite/martensite dual-phase cast steel was fabricated by a process of combination of alloying with Si and Mn elements and controlled cooling heat-treatment. Its microstructure was consisted of fine lower bainite with carbide particles precipitated homogeneously, martensite and a little residual austenite. Because of the good match of hardness and impact toughness, its impact wear performance was a little better than that of the isothermal quenching steel, and much better than that of high manganese steel such as Mn13.

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50

Limooei, Mohammad Bagher, and Shabnam Hosseini. "Optimization of Heat Treatment in Manganese Steel by Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.43.

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Manganese steels have extensively application in industries due to good resistance to wear, high work hardening capability with high toughness and ductility. Heat treatment is the main process to obtain desired mechanical properties and microstructure in this steel. The austenitizing temperature, the austenitizing time and the rate of quenching are the main factors in heat treatment. In this research, Taguchi analysis was used to determine optimal heat treatment for minimizing grain boundary carbide content with optimum hardness. Experimental variable chosen for this study included austenitizing temperature and time and the rate of quenching. In the optimization by Taguchi approach, L9(3)3 array, employing nine experiments, with three levels for each factor, was chosen for DOE. The austeitizing temperature and the cooling rate by changing in quenched solution were seen to have greatest influence on hardness of these steels.

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