Academic literature on the topic 'Mande languages'

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Journal articles on the topic "Mande languages"

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Pozdniakov, Konstantin. "Notes on regular polysemy and homonymy (Mande languages)." Language in Africa 1, no. 4 (2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-4-69-84.

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Based on Mande languages as an example, the article examines the possibilities of using regular polysemy and regular homonymy for solving problems of comparative studies and semantic typology. Three cases are investigated. Regular polysemy noted only in Mande languages can be used for semantic reconstruction of Proto-Mande. Regular homonymy, noted only in the Mande languages, makes it possible to distinguish phonetically similar roots of Proto-Mande. Regular homonymy, noted not only in the Mande languages, but also in other branches of the Niger-Congo, makes it possible to discover regular pho
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Creissels, Denis. "Predicative possession in Mande languages." Mandenkan 72 (2025): 45–80. https://doi.org/10.4000/13ewl.

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This article discusses the typology of predicative possession in Mande languages and compares the diversity observed in this domain across the Mande language family with that observed elsewhere in the world, in particular in the language families of West Africa that are in contact with the Mande family. Of the two major types of possessive clauses that have been identified in the world’s languages, possessive clauses that can be rendered literally as ‘In.the.sphere.of Possessor (is) Possessee’ are by far the most widespread type in the Mande language family, whereas possessive clauses projecte
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Khachaturyan, Maria. "Inclusory pronouns in Mande: The emergence of a typological rarum." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 1 (2019): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2005.

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Abstract This paper reviews inclusory constructions and pronouns in the Mande language family and proposes a diachronic account of their development. Inclusory constructions, which are found in several Mande languages, are a type of conjunction strategy where the whole set of participants – the superset – and a subset of participants are expressed, as in Dan-Gwetaa yāā Gbȁtȍ ‘Gbato and I’, lit. ‘we Gbato’. In a number of Southern and Southwestern Mande languages, inclusory constructions are typologically unique, as they feature a separate series of inclusory pronouns, which are used exclusivel
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Konoshenko, Maria. "Tones and paradigms: a study of grammatical tones in Mande verbal inflection." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 43, no. 2 (2022): 165–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2022-8900.

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Abstract This paper explores how grammatical tones (GTs) are organized into inflectional paradigms in a sample of 20 Mande languages (Niger-Congo), where tonal morphology plays a central role in the expression of TAMP meanings. Adopting the Canonical Typology approach, I assess the degree of canonicity in Mande GTs based on their formal and semantic properties. I show that verbal grammatical tones are mainly realized as replacive in Mande; they are independent from segmental morphemes and may be strongly influenced by surface phonology. Verbal GTs tend to be used in idiosyncratic sets of TAMP
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Zheltov, Alexander. "Incorporation and “formal incorporation” in analytic languages: Mande languages and typology of incorporation." Language in Africa 1, no. 4 (2020): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-4-98-114.

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Although the Mande languages are usually characterized as analytic, they demonstrate a broader spectrum of typological features. For instance, Gban (South Mande) was analyzed as having evident infl ective elements. This paper concerns the phenomenon of incorporation observed in some Mande languages (Mandinka, Tigemaxo, Soninke). It also attempts at attracting attention to the interpretation of some facts which do not suit the defi nition of incorporation but demonstrate some phenomena, to a certain extent, similar to incorporation (Gban, South Mande). The author (very tentatively) uses the ter
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Idiatov, Dmitry. "Person–number agreement on clause linking markers in Mande." Studies in Language 34, no. 4 (2010): 832–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.4.03idi.

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Several Mande languages, viz. Jula of Samatiguila, Ko Mende, Jowulu, Yaba Southern San, and Tura, have person–number agreement on clause linking markers whose primary function, etymologically and often also synchronically, is to introduce reported discourse. Interestingly, in some of these languages the controller is not necessarily the subject of the main clause. This kind of agreement, which as such is already typologically unusual, is even more remarkable in Mande, since Mande languages have very little morphosyntactic agreement of any kind. I argue that agreement on clause linking markers
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Creissels, Denis. "The detransitivizing suffix -i and the reconstruction of Pre-Proto-Mande constituent order." Language in Africa 1, no. 4 (2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-4-85-97.

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The uniformity and total rigidity of the SOVX constituent order across Mande languages constitutes a typological oddity, which led several scholars to discuss the possibility of analyzing it as historically derived from a typologically more common constituent order. In this article, I show that the hypothesis of a historical link between a detransitivizing suffix -i found in some West Mande languages and a reflexive pronoun reconstructable as í has implications for the reconstruction of Pre-Proto-Mande constituent order.
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Oyler, Dianne White. "The N'ko Alphabet as a Vehicle of Indigenist Historiography." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172028.

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The N'ko alphabet made its first appearance in Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire, on 14 April 1949? The invention of Souleymane Kanté of Kankan, Republic of Guinea, this alphabet constituted an attempt to provide a truly indigenous written form for Mande languages. Since its invention, a grassroots movement promoting literacy in the N'ko alphabet has spread across West Africa from the Gambia to Nigeria. A significant number of the speakers of Mande languages in Francophone as well as Anglophone West Africa have learned the N'ko alphabet, even though their governments use French or English as official
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Khachaturyan, Maria. "Bridging caught in a crossfire: The marker of situated definiteness in Mano and language contact." Language in Africa 1, no. 4 (2020): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-4-158-182.

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In this article, I review the basic semantic functions of the determiner à in the South Mande language Mano, which is used to mark situated definiteness: most prominently, bridging and anaphora. The marker derives from the 3sg pronoun. Similar markers are also used in a number of other South Mande languages, including Kla-Dan, Dan-Gweetaa, Guro, Tura and Gban. In Mano, as well as in the former four languages the head noun takes an optional low-tone head marking, which is more frequent in Mano than in other languages. I argue that the increased frequency of use of the marking is influenced by c
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Perekhvalskaya, Elena. "Caritive constructions in Mwan." Language in Africa 3, no. 2 (2022): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-2-181-195.

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The paper deals with strategies for expressing caritive meanings in Mwan (Niger-Congo < Mande < South Mande). The difference between the strategies used in Mwan and in some other languages of the same family (Gban, Looma, Bambara) is discussed. Conclusions are made about the grammaticalization of constructions with the suffix -kle and the postposition blaan into specialized caritive means.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mande languages"

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Lüpke, Friederike. "A grammar of Jalonke argument structure /." Nijmegen : Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 2005. http://webdoc.ubn.ru.nl/mono/l/luepke_f/gramofjaa.pdf.

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Vydrina, Alexandra. "A corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Western Mande language : prosody in grammar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF015/document.

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Cette thèse fournit une description du kakabé, une langue mandée parlée en Guinée, basée sur un corpus et avec un focus sur le système phonologique. Elle contient une brève esquisse grammaticale et deux parties qui portent sur l'analyse phonologique : la phonologie segmentale et la phonologie suprasegmentale. Les processus concernant les segments phonologiques peuvent être conditionnés par des contraintes métriques, par l'interdiction du hiatus, par le découpage de l’énoncé en phrases prosodiques et par le contexte morphologique. Le kakabé applique diverses stratégies d'adaptation des emprunts
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Veselinov, Roman Nikolov. "Formalization and verification of rewriting-based security polices." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-043008-165615/.

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Gadou, Henri. "Autour de quelques processus phonologiques et syntaxiques du Yowlè: langue Mande-Sud de Cote d’Ivoire." Universität Leipzig, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33613.

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Le présent volume propose, en quatre articles, l’analyse de quelques aspects du yowlè, langue mandé-sud parlée au centre-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. 'La nasalité en yowlè', 'Le quantitatif et le qualitatif dans quelques opérations de détermination nominale en yowlè', 'Le ton haut comme opérateur de rupture énonciative en yowlè', 'Quelques aspects de la diathèse passive en yowlè'
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Allen, Dawn 1963. "Language, identity, and integration : immigrant youth 'made in Quebec'." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84983.

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This study explores the relationships between the integration experiences of adolescent newcomers in one francophone secondary school in Montreal and the current policies and programs related to educational integration. The research draws on observations and participants' descriptions and insights to address three principal questions: How is integration experienced by adolescent newcomers in a francophone school in Montreal? How do these students' experiences inform our understanding of the relationships among host (second) language learning/teaching, integration, and identity construct
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Hand, Jessica Danielle. "God Made the Apples, We Made the Bites." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/108.

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These poems trace different manifestations of religion, particularly Christianity in the Bible Belt, and the effect upon families and relationships. Issues of war, death, illness, and sexuality also permeate these lyrical narratives.
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Karlsson, David. "Multiple methodology use in student centred tailor-made language education." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2219.

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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Much of the content of modern day language didactics can accomplish a lot when it comes to details and specific areas of learning, but rather seldom does it give a larger picture that can serve as a base to explore new territory and develop another way of teaching and learning.</p><p>The aim of this thesis is to develop a practical concept that enfolds some of these theories and ideas.</p><p>Instead of a focus on methodology this thesis attracts attention to the roles of both teachers and students as well as the use of multiple methodology use because of the goal which is ind
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Weber, Kimberly Paige. "A Comparison of Vocal Training Alone and Vocal Plus Sign Language Training on the Acquisition of Tacts and Mands Made by Preschool Aged Children with Developmental Disabilities /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929230739947.

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Martindale, Teresa Lynn. "How three secondary students made sense of writing strategies /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1678702871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98). Also available online in in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Hui, Lai-yin Connie. "An investigation of the errors made by Hong Kong secondary students in their written work." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3169178X.

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Books on the topic "Mande languages"

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Kastenholz, Raimund. Mande languages and linguistics. H. Buske Verlag, 1988.

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Kastenholz, Raimund. Sprachgeschichte im West-Mande: Methoden und Rekonstruktionen. Köppe, 1996.

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G, Bostoen Koen A., and Maniacky Jacky, eds. Studies in African comparative linguistics: With special focus on Bantu and Mande. Royal Museum for Central Africa, 2005.

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Muzeĭ antropologii i ėtnografii im. Petra Velikogo (Kunstkamera). Mande languages and linguistics: 2nd international conference, St. Petersburg (Russia), September 15-17 2008 : abstracts and papers = Langues et linguistique mandé : 2e colloque international, St. Petersbourg (Russie), 15-17 septembre 2008 : communications et résumés. MEABOOKS Inc., 2015.

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Woodham, Kathryn. Analyse de textes san (parler de Toma): Aperçu des traits caractéristiques du genre narratif d'une langue mandé du Burkina Faso. Köppe, 2003.

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Mukarovsky, Hans G. Mande-Chadic common stock: A study of phonological and lexical evidence. AFRO-Pub., 1987.

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Djilla, Mama. Phonologie du jôwulu ("samogho"): Langue mandé du Mali et du Burkina Faso. R. Köppe Verlag, 2004.

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Tröbs, Holger. Sprachtypologie, TAM-Systeme und historische Syntax im Manding (West-Mande). Köppe, 2009.

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Schreiber, Henning. Eine historische Phonologie der Niger-Volta-Sprachen: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Sprachgeschichte der östlichen Ost-Mandesprachen. R. Köppe, 2008.

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I, Pozdni͡a︡kov K., Vydrin V. F, and Zheltov A. I͡U︡, eds. I͡U︡zhnye mande: Lingvistika v afrikanskikh ritmakh : materialy peterburgskoĭ ėkspedit͡s︡ii v Kot d'Ivuar : k 50-letii͡u︡ Konstantina Pozdni͡a︡kova. Evropeĭskiĭ dom, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mande languages"

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Dwyer, David J. "12. Evolutionary Morphology of Definite Articles in Southwestern Mande." In Publications in African Languages and Linguistics, edited by Gerrit J. Dimmendahl. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110883350-013.

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Yakpo, Kofi. "Chapter 6. Lost siblings." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.235.06yak.

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The two related English-lexifier creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) have diverged due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio is spoken alongside its lexifier English as well as Atlantic and Mande adstrates. Pichi is spoken alongside Bantu adstrates and has been in contact with its superstrate Spanish, but not with English. I analyse and compare tense, aspect, and mood categories as well as participant marking and serial verb constructions to show that (a) Krio has become more similar to English than Pichi to Spanish because ex
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Vydrine, Valentin. "Negation in South Mande." In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.87.12vyd.

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Rabaté, Jean-Michel. "“Perpetual translation made language”." In Lacan and Psychoanalytic Obsolescence. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032715834-8.

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Laenens, Els, Dirk Vermeir, and Carlo Zaniolo. "Logic programming semantics made easy." In Automata, Languages and Programming. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55719-9_99.

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Chen, Ning, Nicole Immorlica, Anna R. Karlin, Mohammad Mahdian, and Atri Rudra. "Approximating Matches Made in Heaven." In Automata, Languages and Programming. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02927-1_23.

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Vydrin, Valentin. "Emergence of morphological cases in South Mande." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.77.05vyd.

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Babaev, Kirill. "Verbal morphosyntax in Southwest Mande: elements of reconstruction." In Journal of Language Relationship, edited by Vladimir Dybo, Kirill Babaev, Anna Dybo, Alexei Kassian, Sergei Kullanda, and Ilya Yakubovich. Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463235956-005.

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Vollmer, Heribert. "Complexity Theory Made Easy." In Developments in Language Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45007-6_7.

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Rojo, Luisa Martín. "The “self-made speaker”." In Language and Neoliberal Governmentality. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429286711-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mande languages"

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Lu, Yingge, and Bangjie Zhu. "Formalizing the Semantics of a Classical-Quantum Imperative Language in Maude." In 2025 4th International Symposium on Computer Applications and Information Technology (ISCAIT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iscait64916.2025.11010455.

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Huidrom, Rudali, Anya Belz, and Michela Lorandi. "Differences in Semantic Errors Made by Different Types of Data-to-text Systems." In Proceedings of the 17th International Natural Language Generation Conference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.inlg-main.47.

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Coppolillo, Erica, Francesco Calimeri, Giuseppe Manco, Simona Perri, and Francesco Ricca. "LLASP: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Answer Set Programming." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/78.

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Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their potential in various natural language processing tasks, including code generation. However, while significant progress has been made in adapting LLMs to generate code for several imperative programming languages and tasks, there remains a notable gap in their application to declarative formalisms, such as Answer Set Programming (ASP). In this paper, we move a step towards exploring the capabilities of LLMs for ASP code generation. First, we perform a systematic evaluation of several state-of-the-art LLMs. Despite their power in terms
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Zhang, Chen, Meizhi Zhong, Qimeng Wang, et al. "MoDification: Mixture of Depths Made Easy." In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.265.

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Wang, Zhijie, Zijie Zhou, Da Song, et al. "Towards Understanding the Characteristics of Code Generation Errors Made by Large Language Models." In 2025 IEEE/ACM 47th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icse55347.2025.00180.

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Effendi, Iwan, Brian Henson, Vassilis Agouridas, and Alan de Pennington. "Methods and Tools for Requirements Engineering of Made-to-Order Mechanical Products." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dtm-34014.

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This paper reviews tools and methods for requirements engineering and assesses their applicability to requirements management of a made-to-order mechanical product. One method, the use of a formal specification modeling language, is used to model the evolving specification of a mechanical system during embodiment and detail design. The model of the product specification is then evaluated against the following criteria: verifiability; correctness; understandability; consistency; ability to represent different levels of detail; modifiability; traceability; ambiguity; and annotability. The suitab
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Khait, Ilya, Leonore Lukschy, and Mandana Seyfeddinipur. "Linguistic Archives and Language Communities Questionnaire." In International Workshop on Digital Language Archives. University of North Texas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12794/langarc1851179.

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Digital language archives hold vast amounts of materials in endangered or marginalised languages. However, due to limitations in technical infrastructure and the design of these archives, the materials are usually not easily accessible to speakers of the languages represented or their descendants. With the goal to establish best practices for researchers archiving linguistic data, this paper presents a questionnaire designed to assess how archival materials can be made more readily available to language communities.
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Khait, Ilya, Leonore Lukschy, and Mandana Seyfeddinipur. "Linguistic Archives and Language Communities Questionnaire." In International Workshop on Digital Language Archives. University of North Texas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12794/langarc1851179.

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Digital language archives hold vast amounts of materials in endangered or marginalised languages. However, due to limitations in technical infrastructure and the design of these archives, the materials are usually not easily accessible to speakers of the languages represented or their descendants. With the goal to establish best practices for researchers archiving linguistic data, this paper presents a questionnaire designed to assess how archival materials can be made more readily available to language communities.
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ABAZOĞLU, Muhammet. "CAUSES OF ARABIC LANGUAGE STUDIES AND STAGES OF LANGUAGE STUDIES IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD." In III. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress3-4.

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Language is defined as the sounds that people use to express their purposes, and this objective definition is accepted as the main definition of language from past to present. From this point of view, it can be said that language studies date back to ancient times. It is stated that the roots of Arabic language studies go back to ancient times and are considered to be one of the most rooted language studies. One of the biggest reasons for this is undoubtedly that the Arabic language is the language of Islam and the Qur'an rather than being specific to the Arabs. Although Arabic is one of the m
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Asabashvili, Elisabed. "Comparative Analysis of Ruby Language Libraries in the Field of Data Science." In International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technologies. The University of Georgia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62343/csit.2024.1.

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As is known, there are over 700 programming languages used today. Each of them has its own advantages, disadvantages, and specific capabilities, so the choice of using one or another usually depends on its suitability for a particular task. The aim of this article is to discuss the capabilities of the Ruby language in the field of data science, as well as to present and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using Ruby language libraries compared to other libraries. The Ruby language, its syntax, and features that have made it concise, predictable, and suitable for object-oriented program
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Reports on the topic "Mande languages"

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Meseguer, Jose, and Carolyn Talcott. Maude: A Wide Spectrum Language for Secure Active Networks. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406892.

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Nakamura, Pooja, Adria Molotsky, Rosa Castro Zarzur, Varsha Ranjit, Yasmina Haddad, and Thomas de Hoop. Language of instruction in schools in LMICs: A systematic review - evidence brief. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/ceb11.

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Over the last 50 years, schooling has expanded dramatically in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, while children are in school more than ever before, on average, over 50% of them are not acquiring foundational literacy and numeracy skills, and that proportion is expected to increase to 70% over the coming years due to the Covid-19 pandemic.1 Although a myriad of factors contributes to this learning poverty, the role of language is essential as all learning happens in and through language. This systematic review, funded by the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and
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Lee, Jamie, and Lasse Leponiemi. Journeys in Vocational Student Wellbeing. HundrED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/xbfc8265.

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Finland is a bilingual country with two official languages, Finnish and Swedish. Finland’s constitution states that every Finnish citizen has the right to communicate with authorities in either Swedish or Finnish – including access to education. All Finnish-speaking students are required to learn Swedish from fifth or sixth grade and all Swedish-speaking Finns are required to learn Finnish from first or third grade. Swedish-language education is available from the daycare level up to the university level. This Tailor-Made process focusing on wellbeing innovations was done together with four Sw
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Hoang, Helen, Othniel Williams, and Annette Stumpf. Pattern language for a more resilient future. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47700.

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The Department of the Army (DA) manages over twelve million acres of land for military use, and almost 138,000 buildings. Military installations and other US DoD operations contain architectural structures and civil infrastructure that require continuous improvements to resiliency. This includes resiliency in the form of protection against both natural and man-made disasters. This document seeks to identify multiple risks to infrastructure and people and encourages open dialogue for creative solutions. Designers and engineers as well as other disciplines can work together to achieve higher res
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McDonald, Sophia. ECMI Minorities Blog. Stirring the Pot: Kneecap, Radical Politics and Nurturing the Irish Language. European Centre for Minority Issues, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/erkp1374.

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Northern Irish hip hop group Kneecap have been causing controversy as they have rose to fame. At the core of their music is the fight to keep the Irish language alive. They have made waves in music scenes across the world and in doing so, they have given young Northern Irish people a voice when representation has become so important. However, they satirise Unionist politics and for some, stir up painful memories of violence which plagued Northern Ireland up until the 1990s. This blogpost explores Kneecap’s provocative politics and their fight for Irish language rights in Northern Ireland via c
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Samet, Andrew. Labor Provisions in the U.S Free Trade Agreements: Case Study of México, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008420.

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This document is divided into two components. First, it provides a comparison of the obligations contained under these four agreements and presents the evolution in the language and commitments in them for the 15 year period between 1993 and 2008 during which they were negotiated. Second, it reviews the developments in each country during the relevant period with regard to changes in labor laws and regulations, and also in the strengthening of labor institutions 2 relevant for labor law enforcement, specifically the ministries of labor and the labor justice systems. This document cannot assess
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Auers, Daunis. The Russia-Ukraine War and Right-Wing Populism in Latvia. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0023.

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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has profoundly impacted Latvia’s politics, economy and society. It also moved Latvia’s political centre to the right and mainstreamed many of the core policy positions of the dominant Radical Right National Alliance (NA), such as squeezing the Russian language from the public sphere, dismantling the publicly-funded Russian-language school system, and demolishing Soviet-era monuments. This policy shift has been made possible by the NA’s gradual political mainstreaming over the last decade (it has been in a governing coalition since 2011) and long-standing opposition
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Petrovych, Olha B., Alla P. Vinnichuk, Viktor P. Krupka, Iryna A. Zelenenka, and Andrei V. Voznyak. The usage of augmented reality technologies in professional training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4635.

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The article deals with the peculiarities of creation and practical application of augmented reality (AR) technologies for the organization of students-philologists’ individual and group work in studying the discipline “Methodic of teaching literature”. The relevance of the introduction of AR technologies for the future teachers-philologists’ readiness formation to the professional activity is substantiated. Analysis of the scientific sources suggested that the professional training process requires the modernization of teaching methods, and the usage of information and communication technologi
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Küsters, Ralf, and Alex Borgida. What's in an Attribute? Consequences for the Least Common Subsumer. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.102.

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Functional relationships between objects, called 'attributes', are of considerable importance in knowledge representation languages, including Description Logics (DLs). A study of the literature indicates that papers have made, often implicity, different assumptions about the nature of attributes: whether they are always required to have a value, or whether they can be partial functions. The work presented here is the first explicit study of this difference for (sub-)classes of the CLASSIC DL, involving the same-as concept constructor. It is shown that although determining subsumption between
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Bustelo, Monserrat, Verónica Frisancho, and Mariana Viollaz. What Are the Gaps in Health and Education That Women Face Throughout Their Lives? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005344.

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In recent years, significant progress has been made toward implementing policies and programs to support gender equity in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, large disparities continue to exist between men and women in educational and health outcomes. In the region, girls perform better than boys in soft skills and language at an early age and the school attendance gaps favor women at all levels. However, once in school, male students tend to perform better in mathematics in standardized tests compared to their female peers at age 15, with important implications for womens decisions on t
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