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Onyara, Virginiah. "Just How Much Do We Know About Electronic Waste: Empirical Evidence from Nairobi, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v4i1.107.
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This study aimed to find out if consumers of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in Nairobi, Kenya know about e-waste and its harmful effects, the available disposable mechanisms in the country and the legal framework for managing EEE. It also explored if consumers would desire to have information on e-waste and participate or be involved in its management. Primary data was collected from 98 residents of Nairobi via the online platform - SurveyMonkey tool, because the study was done during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spread and the country was enforcing social distancing measures by the World Health Organization. Data was descriptively analyzed. Results show that majority (84.2%) of the respondents understand what electronic waste is, 68.4% of the respondents know that e-waste has hazardous substances in them. 71% of respondents in the study however, indicated that they do not segregate it at source during disposal as is required by the e-waste guidelines. In the study, 73.7% of the respondents had no idea there existed any government efforts to guide or regulate its management. Most importantly, the city dwellers are willing to be involved in its management. This study, therefore, recommended that the government, through its regulatory bodies in environment, ICT and other relevant EEE regulators, to develop voluntary and mandatory legal, policies, guidelines and regulatory frameworks for managing EEE. The Government has to create proper disposal mechanisms, communicate effectively the challenges posed by inferior disposal methods and continuously engage the citizens in e-waste management activities. Proper disposal and its eventual management can be part of consumer’s daily activity.
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Hong, I.-Hsuan, Anthony S. F. Chiu, and Lukas Gandajaya. "Impact of subsidy policies on green products with consideration of consumer behaviors: Subsidy for firms or consumers?" Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173 (October 2021): 105669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105669.
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Cook, Sasikarn Chatvijit, and Jennifer Yurchisin. "Fast fashion environments: consumer’s heaven or retailer’s nightmare?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2016-0027.
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Purpose The current research explored both pre-purchase and post-purchase factors of consumer behaviour. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships that may exist among consumers’ perceptions of perishability, scarcity, low price, attitudes, impulse buying, post-purchase emotions, and product returns within the context of the fast fashion environments. Design/methodology/approach A total of 246 usable questionnaires completed by female undergraduate students, who made purchases and product returns at fast fashion retailers, were analysed in SPSS and AMOS 23.0. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings Consumers who are attracted to scarcity due to limited supply and scarcity due to time, referred to as perceived perishability, have a positive attitude towards the fast fashion retailers in which products are presented in scarce environments. Likewise, consumers have a positive attitude towards fast fashion retailers due to low priced merchandises they offer. Consequently, consumers who have a positive attitude towards the fast fashion retailers are likely to purchase products from them impulsively. Moreover, impulse buying behaviour positively influenced some negative post-purchase emotional responses, which in turn positively influenced product returns in the fast fashion environments. Research limitations/implications The results of the current study contribute to a greater understanding of apparel-related consumer behaviour in general. A theory formation of fast fashion consumer behaviour from acquisition to disposal can be drawn from the results of this study. Because some fast fashion retailers do sell clothing for both men and women, researchers could compare the responses of males and females to examine differences in consumer behaviour related to demographic characteristics. In the future, an examination of actual emotional responses and return behaviour would be beneficial for a more complete understanding of post-purchase consumer behaviour. Practical implications Fast fashion retailers could use this information to carefully design shopping environments that induce impulse buying behaviour because it may result in product returns. Fast fashion retailers need to understand the causes of the return behaviour, whether consumer related or product related, to better meet the needs of their target market. Return policies must be considered. Originality/value This research is the first to examine the impact of negative emotions following consumers’ impulse buying on product returns in the fast fashion retail environments.
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Wang, Wenhuan, Jianping Wei, and Dan Wu. "The Optimal Strategy of China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban Based on Consumer Heterogeneity and Retailer Competition." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020745.
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The Chinese government has issued a new “Plastic Restriction Ban” requiring that, by the end of 2020, the food and beverage industry across the country bans the use of single-use, nondegradable plastic drinking straws. The governance of plastic drinking straws is a multi-dimensional and complex process. Therefore, based on the heterogeneity of consumers, this paper constructs a tripartite game model (the government, retailers, and consumers) for the governance of plastic drinking straws in China. Under this model, this research derives an optimal strategy in both monopoly and competitive markets, assuming the government has access to two policy tools, fines and subsidies. The research results suggest the following. (1) In monopoly markets, when (a) the fine or subsidy fee is high or (b) the fine or subsidy fee is low and the number of environment-conscious consumers is high, retailers are more inclined to provide biodegradable drinking straws. (2) Consumer heterogeneity has a certain impact on policy results; when there are enough environment-conscious consumers, policy costs can be reduced. (3) For high-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is lower than in monopoly markets; for low-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is higher than in monopoly markets. Based on the conclusions, this work suggests the government should focus on cultivating consumers’ environmental awareness and tighter control of products quality, in addition to the two policy tools, i.e., fines and subsidies, because these can reduce policy costs. Consumers should be aware of their own importance to China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban and adopt a refusal to accept plastic drinking straws and reduce the consumption of disposable plastics to support the policy. Retailers should also realize that proactively catering to consumer and government expectations can bring higher benefits to themselves; this can be achieved by providing high-quality biodegradable straws to support China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban. The model of this work could be applied to other corporate activities related to sustainability, such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, etc., and their connection to government policies.
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Sabbaghi, Mostafa, and Sara Behdad. "Consumer decisions to repair mobile phones and manufacturer pricing policies: The concept of value leakage." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 133 (June 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.015.
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Liu, Chen, and Trung Thang Nguyen. "Evaluation of Household Food Waste Generation in Hanoi and Policy Implications towards SDGs Target 12.3." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 6565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166565.
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The issue of food waste, especially in developing economies, is a puzzle. Hanoi was selected as a case study to examine the current situation of food waste generated by consumers through daily habits/practices and to evaluate options for preventing and reducing food waste at the policy level through a literature/policy review and interview-style survey. An analysis of responses found that the self-reported food waste generation rate in Hanoi averaged 1192 g/day/household in urban areas and 1694 g/day/household in rural areas; cooking waste generated during meal processing/preparation accounts for more than 70% of the total; less than 20% of respondents separated out kitchen waste for reuse/recycling before disposal; expiration dates and deteriorating quality were cited as primary reasons for food waste at home in contrast with larger portions and over-ordering outside the home; leftover food is used indirectly as animal feed in urban areas and directly in rural areas; and most respondents indicate a willingness to reduce, reuse, and recycle food waste. To achieve SDG target 12.3, policymakers and practitioners must develop comprehensive food waste policies and actions targeting the entire supply chain, implement practical food waste management systems, and promote sufficiency strategies for saving food, reducing food waste, and maintaining health and well-being.
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Agesa, Winny, Beatrice Kamau, and Alex Kivuva. "Waste Management Practices Influence on Operating Cost among Selected Classified Hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6037.
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The world is currently battling the challenge of environmental degradation which is rising at an alarming rate. The situation is greatly attributed to poor waste management. The hospitality industry being a major consumer of resources contributes a lot towards waste generation. Regardless of the high level of waste generation, a lot of hotels continue to use improper waste management practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of waste management practices on operating cost of classified hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study sought to determine the effect of waste reduction strategies, waste composting, and waste collection and disposal on operating cost of classified hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study also ascertained the moderating effect of stakeholder cooperation on the relationship between waste management practices and operating cost of classified hotels. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised of 61 classified hotels in Nakuru County. Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides were used to gather data. Quantitative analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The research revealed that waste management practices affect operating cost of hotels (R2 = 0.467, p = 0.000). Waste reduction was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on operating cost (β = -0.167, p = 0.021). Waste composting was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on operating cost of classified hotels (β = -.161, p = 0.030). Waste collection and disposal was found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on operating cost of hotels (β = 0.299, p = 0.001). Lastly, stakeholder cooperation was found to have a statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between waste management practices and operating cost of hotels (R2 = 0.532, p = 0.019). Therefore, the study recommend that hotels should prioritize effective waste management practices ascertained to be waste reduction, recycling and waste composting in order to curb the challenge of increasing operating cost. The research also recommended that national waste management policy makers should enact policies that facilitate implementation of effective waste management practices recommended by the study. Keywords: Waste management practices, waste reduction, waste composting, waste collection and disposal, stakeholder cooperation, operating cost
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Oliveira, José Diego, Vanice Selva, Rejane Pimentel, and Simone Machado Santos. "Resíduos Eletroeletrônicos: Geração, Impactos Ambientais e Gerenciamento (Electronic Waste: Generation, Environmental Impacts and Management)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 5 (August 23, 2017): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.5.p1655-1667.
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Resíduos eletroeletrônicos (REEs), conhecidos como electronic waste (e-waste), correspondem a aparelhos elétricos e eletrônicos que são descartados como lixo. Sua quantidade e toxicidade representam um desafio para o gerenciamento destes resíduos em ambientes urbanos. Este estudo é uma revisão de literatura, que objetiva a caracterização da trajetória, obsolescência e descarte de produtos eletroeletrônicos, com ênfase nos problemas legais, ambientais e de saúde pública, decorrentes do seu mau gerenciamento. As informações foram obtidas através de consulta nas bases Science Direct, ResearchGate e Google Scholar, publicados, majoritariamente, a partir de 2000. Considerando o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a geração de resíduos eletroeletrônicos, a partir da digitalização de produtos tradicionalmente elétricos e da adoção de um estilo de vida consumista, por parte da sociedade, significativas quantidades de REEs foram sendo geradas a partir da década de 1970. A composição dos resíduos eletroeletrônicos é bastante variada, a depender do tipo de produto que o gerou, sendo prevalentes os metais, aumentando os impactos ambientais. A reciclagem clandestina de REEs, crescente em países em desenvolvimento, devido à mão de obra barata e ausência ou baixo controle legal da atividade, tem causado graves problemas de poluição ambiental e para a saúde humana. Muitos países desenvolvidos utilizam dispositivos legais para o gerenciamento dos REEs, geralmente baseados na responsabilidade do produtor. A gestão de resíduos sólidos tem um marco legal importante no gerenciamento desses materiais através da criação de políticas públicas. Acordos firmados entre governos, empresas, cooperativas e consumidores, relacionados ao gerenciamento de REEs, permitem a aplicação de processos adequados de logística reversa. A B S T R A C TElectronic waste (REE or e-waste), corresponds to electrical and electronic devices that are disposed of as waste. Their quantity and toxicity present a challenge for the management of this waste in urban environments. This study is a literature review that aims to characterize the trajectory, obsolescence, and disposal of electronic products, emphasizing on legal, environmental and public health problems due to poor management. The information was obtained by consulting Science Direct, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases, published mainly after 2000. Considering the technological development and the generation of electrical and electronic waste, from the digitalization of traditional electrical products and the adoption of a consumer lifestyle, significant quantities of REEs were generated from the 1970s onwards. The e-waste is quite varied, depending on the type of product that generated it, being metals prevalent, increasing the environmental impacts. Clandestine recycling of REEs, rising in developing countries due to cheap labor and absence or poor legal control of the activity, has provoked serious problems of environmental pollution and to human health. Many developed countries use legal devices for the management of REEs, usually based on producer responsibility. Solid waste management has an essential legal framework for the management of these materials through the creation of public policies. Agreements signed between governments, companies, cooperatives and consumers, related to the management of REEs, allow the application of appropriate reverse logistics processes.Keywords: e-waste, toxicity, illegal recycling, reverse logistic.
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Triantafillopoulos, Nick, and Alexander A. Koukoulas. "The future of single-use paper coffee cups: Current progress and outlook." BioResources 15, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 7260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.triantafillopoulos.
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The expanded use of environmentally friendly and sustainable foodservice packaging continues to be a prime focus of stakeholders across the foodservice value chain. Paper-based coffee cups is one product segment where effective recycling of waste cups remains elusive. As a result, material substitutes for polyethylene liners are emerging to solve the problem of waste cups. In this paper, current and emerging commercial material technologies used in the production of paper-based coffee cups that are readily recyclable with other paper grades are reviewed. Many of these material solutions are also compostable. Special attention is paid to the rapidly evolving, alternative large-scale production of bioplastics. Multiple efforts to effectively develop a more environmentally friendly paper cup are also examined. It is clear that broad adoption of proposed solutions will require an integrated commitment and approach to circular economics. Specifically, this includes: changes in consumer behavior; brand owner initiatives to meet sustainability goals; governmental policies that limit or forbid use of fossil-based cups; and easily accessible infrastructures at the consumer level for the collection, separation, and processing of biodegradable cups.
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Zhang, Zhenying, Yuxiang Zhang, and Dazhi Wu. "Hybrid model for the prediction of municipal solid waste generation in Hangzhou, China." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 8 (July 2, 2019): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19855434.
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Accurate prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is necessary for choosing appropriate waste treatment methods and for planning the distribution of disposal facilities. In this study, a hybrid model was established to forecast MSW generation through the combination of the ridge regression and GM(1,N) models. The hybrid model is multivariate and involves total urban population, total retail sales of social consumer goods, per capita consumption expenditure of urban areas, tourism, and college graduation. Compared with the constituent models alone, the hybrid model yields higher accuracy, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 2.59%. Through weight allocation and optimal treatment of residuals, the hybrid model also balances the growth trends of the individual models, making the prediction curve smoother. The model coefficients and correlation analysis show that population, economics, and educational factors are influential for waste generation. MSW output in Hangzhou will gradually increase in the future, and is expected to reach 5.12 million tons in 2021. Results can help decision makers to develop the measures and policies of waste management in the future.
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Perga, Tetiana. "Non-state Actor in Waste Disposal in the USSR: Activities of “Ukrutilzbir” in the 1920s." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, no. 61 (June 27, 2022): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-05.
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The article explorers the activity of the joint-stock company «Ukrutilzbir», which during 1923 – the 1930s was one of the largest waste collectors in the Ukrainian SSR and during period under study successfully competed with such state agencies as Gostorg, Rusavstorg, Rudmetaltorg, Ukrbumtrest, etc. This topic has not been studied in domestic and foreign historiography. The article is based on the analysis of archival materials, which were at first put into scientific circulation. It has been shown that the emergence of the non-state actor was stimulated by the growing demand of industrial enterprises, which in the 1920s have experienced resource hunger in raw materials as well as the large capacity of the Ukrainian waste market. It was found that the first charitable motives of the company’s establishment were soon changed by the commercial interest in waste collection and recycling, but this did not diminish the importance of its activities for the development of waste management policies in the 1920s. The article reveals the main activities of the company (collection and sale of paper, scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, rags, bones, rubber, and glass), its achievements, and problems. It was concluded that «Ukrutilzbir» has managed to build relevant infrastructure as well as an effective network, attracting to cooperation a wide range of both state and non-state actors, consumer cooperation societies, private waste collectors. It has not only taken up a significant share of the waste-collection market, influencing its formation but has also contributed to the development of standards of their utilization and recycling (collection, sorting, storage, and transportation) and preparing the skilled workers. However, with the establishment of the socialist economic system, the organization found itself in a situation of unequal competition with state actors, which had different preferences and access to financial resources. This led to its exclusion from the market and closure.
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Dmytryshyn, V. S. "Building an intellectual property management system in a scientific institution. Experience of SIS “Scientific and practical center for preventive and clinical medicine” SAD." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 3(11) (2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2019-3-03.
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The article examines the role and place of building an effective intellectual property management system in scientific institutions for obtaining and implementing the results of scientific activity through the creation of intellectual property objects (IPO). The purpose of the article is to provide methodological assistance to authors and scholars working in governmental scientific institutions, as well as to the management of these institutions in the construction of intellectual property management systems in such institutions. Analyzing the legal framework, the author concludes that the legislation directly provides (ie permits) and stimulates (ie creates conditions) for public scientific institutions to provide services and commercialize the results of scientific activities of such institutions. Given this, the author believes that the task of commercialization of intellectual property objects should be solved in two interrelated directions – the creation in the scientific institution of modern facilities and procedures for managing objects and processes of IP (internal policy in the field of IP), and active external activities aimed at meeting the needs of the subjects of the scientific services market (foreign policy in the field of IP). The implementation of domestic policy objectives implies the creation of the most favorable conditions for stimulating and encouraging scientific and practical staff to create new technologies, regulatory support for the processes of managing the IPO through the development, adoption and implementation of relevant regulations, orders, governing documents; establishing a mechanism for constant cooperation between scientific and technical units; provision of the legal form to the IPO; development and implementation of effective accounting policies for IPO. Implementation of foreign policy directions in the field of IP involves the implementation of an active, offensive, creative marketing policy aimed at finding potential consumers IPO, created by the institution, the search for potential customers, under the needs of which can be created IPO; legal support for the processes of acquisition, disposal, licensing, protection, protection of IP; conducting marketing research on the needs for solutions and the feasibility of implementing ready-made solutions embodied in the IPO; continuous monitoring of the market in order to establish the facts of violations of the rights of IPO owned by the institutions and timely legal response to such facts. In the end, the author presents practical recommendations for building an intellectual property management system in scientific institutions. Keywords: intellectual property management, policy of institution (enterprise, organization) in the field of intellectual property, technology transfer, management of intellectual property rights.
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Hsu, Chin-Hsien, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, and Shangwun Jhang. "Sustainable Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Rivers and Water Sources: A Case Study of Jiuqu Stream in China." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 5262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135262.
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This paper discusses the status quo of tourism and policy development regarding the Jiuqu Stream in China from different stakeholder perspectives. By combining field investigations, questionnaires, and statistical examinations of collected data, 812 samples were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The results indicate that increased visibility, employment opportunities, and real estate values in the scenic areas along the river will attract residents to return for future development, while public safety and conservation policies, featured architecture and tourism signage planning, increased cost of living, and waste and pollution will cause disincentives. Visitors will be attracted by the natural and ecological features, transportation planning, unique local culture, and events. Recreational facilities and architectural planning, merchandise lacking characteristics, tourist consumer expenditure, smoke and pollution from motor vehicles, and how it feels to interact with residents will influence the desire to visit the place. Development of an area should consider the different needs of every stakeholder in terms of recreational facilities, local infrastructure, expenditure and income, public safety and health, waste disposal, ecology and environmental conservation, tourism, and the quality of life.
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Rabbani, Masoud, Parisa Hashemi, Pegah Bineshpour, and Hamed Farrokhi-Asl. "Municipal solid waste management considering NGO’s role in consumer environmental awareness and government regulations for air pollution." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 783–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-08-2018-0128.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in increasing customer environmental awareness (CEA) to decrease the municipal solid waste (MSW), and secondly, to examine the effect of government policies in the amount of air pollution caused by transfer stations (TSs). Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. For solving this multi-objective problem, the authors use epsilon constraint method, which presented eight Pareto solutions. For selecting the best solution, the analytic hierarchy process approach is used. The presented model is applied on a real case study, and the results are discussed and sensitivity analysis is implemented on the parameters of the concern. Findings This study confirms the assumption that by allocating budget to NGOs for increasing CEA, the produced waste will be decreased. Research limitations/implications In the present study, the authors only investigate air pollution caused by TS. Future studies can investigate other types of pollution. Furthermore, uncertainty in the amount of produced waste can be variable making the problem closer to the real environment. In this case, robust optimization may have better results. Practical implications Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, some implications obtain that can highlight by managers in the decision-making process. The operational costs of TS have a critical aspect in founding TS, so using new technology and high-tech machines for operational processes of TSs, can result in decreasing the running cost of TSs. Also, the determination of TS capacity is a remarkable issue in optimization, which should be paid special attention to this for the design of TSs in the planning phase of the system. Moreover, collaborating with NGOs has a good effect on increasing CEA that results in a decrease of MSW. Originality/value The role of NGOs and government simultaneity has been considered in a green supply chain. Moreover, the authors considered TS between source and disposal that reduce the time of transferring waste. Therefore, this study can be beneficial for the MSW management system, which faces the problems in the lack of capacity and transportation problems and environmental issues by proposing solutions in three studies including economic, environmental and social aspects.
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Gutierrez, Joseph N., Aidan W. Royals, Hasan Jameel, Richard A. Venditti, and Lokendra Pal. "Evaluation of paper straws versus plastic straws: Development of a methodology for testing and understanding challenges for paper straws." BioResources 14, no. 4 (September 4, 2019): 8345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8345-8363.
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New alternatives to plastic straws are being considered due to consumer demands for sustainability and recent changes in government policies and regulations, such as bans on single-use plastic products. There are concerns regarding paper straw quality and stability over time when in contact with beverages. This study evaluated the performance and properties of commercially available paper straws and their counterpart plastic straws in various intended applications. The physical, mechanical, and compositional characteristics, as well as the liquid interaction properties of the straws, were determined. The paper straws were composed mainly of hardwood fibers that were hard sized with a hydrophobic sizing agent to achieve a contact angle of 102° to 125°. The results indicated that all the evaluated paper straws lost 70% to 90% of their compressive strength after being in contact with the liquid for less than 30 min. Furthermore, the paper straws absorbed liquid at approximately 30% of the straw weight after liquid exposure for 30 min. Increased liquid temperatures caused lower compressive strengths and higher liquid uptake in the paper straws. This report provides directions and methods for testing paper straws and defines current property limitations of paper straws relative to plastic straws.
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Akpinar, M. Goksel, Mevlut Gul, R. Figen Ceylan, and Sinem Gulcan. "Evaluation of the factors affecting water-saving attitudes of urban life on the verge of the next century: a case study of the Mediterranean region of Turkey." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.163.
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Abstract The World Food and Agriculture Organization claims the percentage of the overall world population that will suffer from water scarcity and water stress by 2025 is estimated as 34% and 15%, respectively. Accordingly, it can be estimated that 40% of the 9.4 billion estimated world population will face water shortages by 2050. In this case, the ownership and efficient use of water stand out as common concerns for all communities in the world for today and for the future. In this research, the attitudes of consumers towards water saving were identified and factors that affect these attitudes were analysed within a sample from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The survey was conducted through a face-to-face survey with 965 households in three Turkish provinces in 2009. SPSS statistical package was used for factor analysis to determine the affecting factors. Variables affecting water-saving decisions were reduced to seven factors via 0.792 KMO value. These seven factors explained 62.18% of the total variation in water-saving consciousness of the target group. Accordingly, it was understood that marketing policies should focus on water crisis awareness, environmental awareness, anxiety about water shortage, residential area characteristics, water pricing, the current awareness level and social willingness on reduction of water use to cope with possible problems.
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Tao, Zhimiao, and Jiuping Xu. "Carbon-Regulated EOQ Models with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Awareness." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041004.
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In the context of a low-carbon economy, firms must make positive responses in their operation management, including inventory management. Carbon-emission regulation policies have marked their influence on the optimization of low-carbon inventory systems. In addition to regulation policies, consumers’ low-carbon awareness can also influence inventory systems by affecting demand. This study investigates the influence of regulation policies and consumers’ low-carbon awareness on optimal order size, emission levels, and total costs. Two widely used regulation policies, i.e., the carbon-tax mechanism and cap-and-trade mechanism, are incorporated into the classical Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. Analytical conclusions were obtained by optimization methods to indicate the influences of regulation policies and consumers’ low-carbon awareness. Our study implies that inventory systems under different regulation policies perform similarly except with regard to total cost. Numerical examples provide more support for these analytical conclusions. Some managerial insights can be derived from the analytical conclusions and numerical examples.
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Nencková, Lucie, Iva Pecáková, and Petr Šauer. "Disposal behaviour of Czech consumers towards textile products." Waste Management 106 (April 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.001.
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Yang, Yong-cong, and Pu-yan Nie. "OPTIMAL TRADE POLICIES UNDER PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.11923.
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This article focuses on the optimal international trade policy considered product differentiations. A duopoly model with a home firm in a developing country and a foreign firm in a developed country is established. The findings indicate that, the optimal tariff relies on the product differentiations significantly. On one hand, higher marginal cost of home firms have opposite effects on optimal tariff compared to higher marginal cost of foreign firms. On the other hand, the optimal tariff is monotonically decreasing in the amount of consumers caring about brands and increasing in the scale of consumers not caring about brands. Moreover, an increase in the marginal cost and transportation cost of imported goods triggers price rising in domestic market as the market power of home firms is consolidated. In addition, a foreign firm may withdraw from domestic market if its competitive advantages vanishes under high tariffs.
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Zhang, Ling, Tong Wu, Siru Liu, Songyan Jiang, Huijun Wu, and Jiameng Yang. "Consumers’ clothing disposal behaviors in Nanjing, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 276 (December 2020): 123184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123184.
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Nuwematsiko, Rebecca, Frederick Oporia, Juliet Nabirye, Abdullah Ali Halage, David Musoke, and Esther Buregyeya. "Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices of Electronic Waste Management among Consumers in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3846428.
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Background. Although proper management of electronic waste (e-waste) is key to preventing disease and protecting the environment, there is no clear mechanism for its management in Uganda. This study assessed knowledge, perceptions, and practices of e-waste management among consumers in Kampala city, Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among people who used, repaired, or sold electronics (consumers). Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection using a sequential explanatory strategy were utilized. The quantitative survey involved 640 study participants, while qualitative interviews included 18 key informant interviews with stakeholders and six focus group discussions with 57 consumers. Modified Poisson regression was used to establish associations with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and qualitative data analysed thematically. Results. Two-thirds (67.7%; 433/640) of electronics consumers had poor knowledge on the management of e-waste. More than three-quarters 79.1% (506) of the consumers had positive perceptions towards e-waste management. Consumers perceived e-waste as harmful to human health and the environment. Participants in informal employment were 0.96 times less likely to have positive perceptions towards e-waste management compared to those in formal employment (adjusted PR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99). Mobile phones and televisions were the most owned e-waste with only 7.96% (18/226) and 13.2% (7/53) disposed off, respectively. Selling e-waste to repair shops and donation were the common disposal options. Conclusion. Knowledge on proper e-waste management is poor among electronic consumers in Kampala, Uganda, though most have positive perceptions. There is need for increased awareness on e-waste management to prevent its effects on health and the environment. Special attention should be towards sensitisation on e-waste handling practices before disposal and final disposal options available.
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Zhou, Jingyang, Yanjun Qin, and Shaoze Fang. "Impacts of Consumers and Real Estate Enterprises on the Implementation of Prefabrication in Residential Buildings: The Moderating Role of Incentive Policies." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 4827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184827.
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Based on the theory of Planned Behavior, this study firstly explored the relationship between the behavioral intention and the actual behavior of consumers and real estate enterprises when choosing prefabricated residential buildings. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted, being supported by the questionnaire data from 310 respondents of 14 prefabricated building demonstration cities in China, to achieve the purpose. The results show that there is a gap between the behavioral intention and the actual behavior of consumers and real estate enterprises. The moderating effect of reputational incentive policies and financial incentive policies was examined to bridge the gap. It shows that reputational incentive policies and financial incentive policies are an effective way in promoting the behavioral intention and actual behavior of real estate enterprises when adopting prefabricated residential buildings, but they all do not work for consumers. The findings can help government understand the preference of consumers and real estate enterprises, so as to use governance incentive policies more wisely and rationally under various circumstances.
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Yokoo, Hide-Fumi, and Thomas C. Kinnaman. "Global Reuse and optimal waste policy." Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 5 (May 10, 2013): 595–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000235.
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AbstractElectronic waste generated from the consumption of durable goods in developed countries is often exported to underdeveloped countries for reuse, recycling and disposal with unfortunate environmental consequences. The lack of efficient disposal policies within developing nations coupled with global free trade agreements make it difficult for consumers to internalize these costs. This paper develops a two-country model, one economically developed and the other underdeveloped, to solve for optimal tax policies necessary to achieve the efficient allocation of economic resources in an economy with a durable good available for global reuse without policy measures in the underdeveloped country. A tax in the developed country on purchases of the new durable good combined with a waste tax set below the domestic external cost of disposal is sufficient for global efficiency. The implication of allowing free global trade in electronic waste is also examined, where optimal policy resembles a global deposit-refund system.
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Zaccaï, Edwin. "Assessing the role of consumers in sustainable product policies." Environment, Development and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (July 4, 2006): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-006-9038-3.
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Shim, Soyeon. "Environmentalism and Consumers' Clothing Disposal Patterns: An Exploratory Study." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9501300105.
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Bubna, Jenna M., and Pamela Norum. "Male apparel disposal: case study of consignment versus donation." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 21, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-11-2016-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the apparel disposal process and explore, specifically, male disposal through consignment vs donation disposal modes. This study hopes to uncover not only the process but the influences that motivate these behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Observations at two sites included conversational interviews with employees as well as consumers disposing apparel through these sites. Collection took place over two months with 26 interviews taking place. Findings Themes of seasonal change and financial incentive suggest the use of consignment as a separate process for consumers from donation. Consignment suggested value, while donation was viewed as a habit. Research limitations/implications Previous research as well as the findings of this study suggest that apparel donation is similar across genders. They also suggest that consignment is viewed by male consumers as a separate action from donation. Originality/value Little to no research has been conducted to understand male apparel disposal, studies on disposal has focused primarily on college-aged females (i.e. Morgan and Birtwistle, 2009). This study adds to a limited body of work to understand the differences and very possible similarities across genders in this behavior.
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Pamuji, Endang. "IMPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON PT. NI." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 1, no. 5 (August 22, 2020): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v1i5.479.
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Companies that have roles in the pharmaceutical field that are discussed in the health world and are related to direct consumers or indirect consumers, business partners, distributors, and so on. Good Corporate Governance, namely, processes, policies, rules, and policies that affect the direction, management, and control of a company or company. PT.NI. Having business goals that are not just looking for profit but also have social responsibility and assistance in the internal and external environment (human, animal, plant and environment).
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Raab, Katharina, Ralf Wagner, and Mohammed Salem. "“Feeling the waste” evidence from consumers’ living in Gaza Strip camps." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 7 (September 15, 2020): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-04-2019-3171.
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Purpose This paper aims to quantify the impact of antecedents (frustration, locus of control, spirituality, and religion and attention to social-comparison information) on the intensity of emotional outcomes of consumers’ disposal behaviour. Design/methodology/approach A structural equation model fitted with PLS was used to evaluate data obtained from 323 self-administered questionnaires filled out in a stratified random sample of respondents living in Gaza Strip camps. Findings Spirituality and religion, and attention to social-comparison information have the highest impacts on emotional outcomes related to consumer disposal behaviour. Research limitations/implications Spirituality and religion are seldom considered in previous consumer research, but they turn out to have high relevance for disposal-related emotions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating disposal-related emotions. Moreover, it is also the first study combining the impact of frustration, locus of control, perceived self-efficacy, spirituality and religion and attention to social-comparison information on emotional outcomes related to consumers’ disposal behaviour.
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Kit Teng Phuah, Hon Fai Wong, Chai Gim Lai, Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah, and Bernard Jit Heng Lim. "Driving the Green Vehicles Shift: An Evaluation of Malaysian Consumers’ Acceptance." International Journal of Business and Society 23, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 1771–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5211.2022.
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With the current drastic changes in global weather, more countries are worried about the sustainability of the ecosystem. Global leaders are more concerned about the drastic climate change, and various initiatives are being taken to prevent further damage to the ecosystem. In Malaysia, the transportation sector, mainly motor vehicles, emitted approximately 97% of carbon monoxide to the environment, causing harmful air pollution. Because of this, green vehicles were introduced to overcome this problem. However, there remain various challenges that may impede or trigger the interest of Malaysian consumers in accepting green vehicles. Thus, this study applies the cognitive-affection model to predict the consumers’ intention to accept green vehicles. Using a purposive sampling among current vehicle drivers, a face-to-face survey was conducted and gathered a total of 606 responses. Data were analysed using statistical measurements such as descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Five latent factors such as consumers’ acceptance, perceived quality, perceived value (environmental concern, acquisition and maintenance cost), and government policies were identified. The results indicated that perceived value (environmental concern), perceived quality, and government policies have a strong positive relationship with consumers’ acceptance. The perceived value showed a negative relationship with consumer acceptance, indicating that consumers would only consider accepting green vehicles if they were cheaper and had a low maintenance cost.
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Ike, C. C., C. C. Ezeibe, S. C. Anijiofor, and N. N. Nik Daud. "Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems, Prospects, and Policies." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 44, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2018.163.
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Deo, Sarang, and Christopher S. Tang. "Optimal procurement, disposal and pricing policies for managing rental goods." International Transactions in Operational Research 12, no. 6 (November 2005): 595–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3995.2005.00528.x.
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De Canio, Francesca, Elisa Martinelli, and Emiro Endrighi. "Enhancing consumers' pro-environmental purchase intentions: the moderating role of environmental concern." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 49, no. 9 (March 16, 2021): 1312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2020-0301.
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PurposeEnvironmental concern is getting increasing importance in consumer shopping decisions. Nevertheless, to date, sustainable packaged foods are not always the first option when consumers go shopping. This paper analyses how environmental concern moderates the role played by external factors – preference towards sustainable retailers and trust in sustainable producers – in determining consumer purchase intentions for sustainable packaged foods. Consumer involvement in eco-friendly labels, increasingly present in food packages, is investigated as indirectly impacting pro-environmental purchase intentions.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey administered to a sample of Italian food shoppers is used for the empirical analysis. A total of 278 structured questionnaires were modelled using a structural equation modelling approach.FindingsFindings show that producers and retailers' policies in favour of sustainability are key in determining consumers' sustainable purchase intentions. Further, coherent uses of labels and logos in light of sustainability can support consumer purchase decisions. Relevant is the influence played by the environmental concern in both supporting pro-environmental purchase intentions and in amplifying the trust in sustainable producers-purchase intentions path.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on sustainability showing how producers and retailers may together influence consumers' pro-environmental purchase intentions. Findings extend the retail literature on the impact of producers and retailers' policies on consumers' sustainable purchases. Further, environmental concern is investigated in its moderating role on the impact of external factors on consumers' pro-environmental purchase intentions.
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Chelani, Gomti. "ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3122.
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In this Universe the Earth is the only planet where life is possible. Modernization and industrialization affect nature in 2 ways. Firstly it is extremely destructive of environment in its search for inexpensive biomass-based raw materials and for the opportunities for waste disposal. Secondly modernization is transforming the very character of nature. The tendency is to reduce the diversity in nature and transform it in to high yielding monocultures.
India is country with a high level of population density. In the name of economic development often any human activity, which results in the destruction of an ecological space or in its transformation, is justified. Environmental issues were completely overlooked during the first 2 decades of economic development. Government realized the need for environmental protection in early 1970s. Environmental protection was adopted as directive principles of state policy in our Constitution. The protection of environment is also a fundamental duty of every citizen of India. Presently there are about 30 major enactments related to protection of environment being administered by the Central and State Governments. The problems concerning the policies of Government related to environmental protection and the implementation of various laws are discussed in this paper.
India’s biggest challenge today is to identify and implement development process that will lead to greater equity, growth and sustainability. To achieve these goals Government policies should be reformed and it is our duty to come forward and make these policies successful.
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Pieters, Rik G. M. "Changing Garbage Disposal Patterns of Consumers: Motivation, Ability, and Performance." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 10, no. 2 (September 1991): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569101000204.
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Lehner, Matthias, Oksana Mont, Giulia Mariani, and Luis Mundaca. "Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 5030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125030.
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(1) If policy-makers and businesses are to encourage consumers to participate in circular consumption systems, knowledge is needed about what motivates consumers to choose different disposal options. This paper aims to shed light on what motivates consumers to engage in circular home textile disposal practices. (2) Quantitative data was collected through a survey of members of the IKEA Family programme (N = 238), and logistic regressions were carried out to complement the quantitative analysis. Qualitative data was collected in semi-structured interviews with a total of 24 Swedish consumers. (3) Our findings show that donating and discarding are the most common options for handling home textiles, followed by reusing/storing, repairing, and reselling. Regression results indicate that environmental concerns, convenience, and economic reasons are the dominant motivations in choosing a disposal option. Prosocial behaviour and normative issues play a lesser role. (4) We recommend that policy-makers and businesses work to increase convenience of consumers’ participation in circular product practices, and continually communicate environmental benefits of circular disposal options. Businesses and policy-makers aiming to make circular consumption more attractive also need to ensure economic benefits for consumers.
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Mela, Carl F., Sunil Gupta, and Donald R. Lehmann. "The Long-Term Impact of Promotion and Advertising on Consumer Brand Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 34, no. 2 (May 1997): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400205.
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The authors examine the long-term effects of promotion and advertising on consumers’ brand choice behavior. They use 8 1/4 years of panel data for a frequently purchased packaged good to address two questions: (1) Do consumers’ responses to marketing mix variables, such as price, change over a long period of time? (2) If yes, are these changes associated with changes in manufacturers’ advertising and retailers’ promotional policies? Using these results, the authors draw implications for manufacturers’ pricing, advertising, and promotion policies. The authors use a two-stage approach, which permits them to assess the medium-term (quarterly) effects of advertising and promotion as well as their long-term (i.e., over an infinite horizon) effects. Their results are consistent with the hypotheses that consumers become more price and promotion sensitive over time because of reduced advertising and increased promotions.
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Haijema, Rene. "Optimal ordering, issuance and disposal policies for inventory management of perishable products." International Journal of Production Economics 157 (November 2014): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.06.014.
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Dekhili, Sihem, and Mohamed Akli Achabou. "Price Fairness in the Case of Green Products: Enterprises' Policies and Consumers' Perceptions." Business Strategy and the Environment 22, no. 8 (December 10, 2012): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.1763.
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Liu, Bailing, Paul A. Pavlou, and Xiufeng Cheng. "Achieving a Balance Between Privacy Protection and Data Collection: A Field Experimental Examination of a Theory-Driven Information Technology Solution." Information Systems Research 33, no. 1 (March 2022): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.1045.
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Companies face a trade-off between creating stronger privacy protection policies for consumers and employing more sophisticated data collection methods. Justice-driven privacy protection outlines a method to manage this trade-off. We built on the theoretical lens of justice theory to integrate justice provision with two key privacy protection features, negotiation and active-recommendation, and proposed an information technology (IT) solution to balance the trade-off between privacy protection and consumer data collection. In the context of mobile banking applications, we prototyped a theory-driven IT solution, referred to as negotiation, active-recommendation privacy policy application, which enables customer service agents to interact with and actively recommend personalized privacy policies to consumers. We benchmarked our solution through a field experiment relative to two conventional applications: an online privacy statement and a privacy policy with only a simple negotiation feature. The results showed that the proposed IT solution improved consumers’ perceived procedural justice, interactive justice, and distributive justice and increased their psychological comfort in using our application design and in turn reduced their privacy concerns, enhanced their privacy awareness, and increased their information disclosure intentions and actual disclosure behavior in practice. Our proposed design can provide consumers better privacy protection while ensuring that consumers voluntarily disclose personal information desirable for companies.
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Liu, Bailing, Paul A. Pavlou, and Xiufeng Cheng. "Achieving a Balance Between Privacy Protection and Data Collection: A Field Experimental Examination of a Theory-Driven Information Technology Solution." Information Systems Research 33, no. 1 (March 2022): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.1045.
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Companies face a trade-off between creating stronger privacy protection policies for consumers and employing more sophisticated data collection methods. Justice-driven privacy protection outlines a method to manage this trade-off. We built on the theoretical lens of justice theory to integrate justice provision with two key privacy protection features, negotiation and active-recommendation, and proposed an information technology (IT) solution to balance the trade-off between privacy protection and consumer data collection. In the context of mobile banking applications, we prototyped a theory-driven IT solution, referred to as negotiation, active-recommendation privacy policy application, which enables customer service agents to interact with and actively recommend personalized privacy policies to consumers. We benchmarked our solution through a field experiment relative to two conventional applications: an online privacy statement and a privacy policy with only a simple negotiation feature. The results showed that the proposed IT solution improved consumers’ perceived procedural justice, interactive justice, and distributive justice and increased their psychological comfort in using our application design and in turn reduced their privacy concerns, enhanced their privacy awareness, and increased their information disclosure intentions and actual disclosure behavior in practice. Our proposed design can provide consumers better privacy protection while ensuring that consumers voluntarily disclose personal information desirable for companies.
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Samatli-Pac, Gulay, Wenjing Shen, and Xinxin Hu. "The Impact of Consumer Loss Aversion on Returns Policies and Supply Chain Coordination." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 9, no. 4 (October 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2018100101.
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Product return is a common after-sale service. Existing literature has assumed loss neutral consumers, while in practice consumers are often more sensitive to utility losses than gains, i.e., customers are often loss averse. In this paper, we study the impact of such loss aversion on the retailer's optimal pricing and returns policies. We analyze three scenarios where the seller offers no refund, full refund and partial refund for the returned products. Under each scenario, the seller determines the optimal price, quantity, and refund amount (under partial refund case) in order to maximize the expected profit. Our results demonstrate that consumer loss aversion leads a no-refund retailer to charge lower price and order smaller quantity, has no impact on a full-refund retailer, and results in a more lenient returns policy for a partial-refund retailer. We also find contracts that coordinate supply chains selling to loss averse consumers. Therefore, this article sheds some lights on how the management of returns policies should be adapted when consumers are loss averse.
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Gaur, Jighyasu, Venkatesh Mani, Pratyush Banerjee, Mehdi Amini, and Ritu Gupta. "Towards building circular economy." Management Decision 57, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 886–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2018-0728.
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Purpose Extant literature provides insights about consumers’ purchase intentions (PI) and willingness to pay for reconstructed products but does not capture cross-cultural differences. The purpose of this paper is to understand consumers’ PI for reconstructed products in a cross-cultural setting for the development of circular economy. Design/methodology/approach The sample includes consumers from two diverse societies (India and the USA). The authors conduct two sets of analyses in this paper. The first analysis attempts to identify the difference between the Indian and US consumers’ PI for reconstructed products, who are residing permanently in their home countries. In the second analysis, the authors investigate the impact of socio-cultural norms on PI, for reconstructed products, of the Indian (USA) consumers relocated to the USA (India). In-depth interviews are conducted for data collection. Subsequently, data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis approach. Findings The results indicate that US consumers: possess altruistic buying behavior; are eco-centric toward waste disposal; strictly follow the regulations and socio-cultural norms; and have harmony orientation toward nature. In contrast, Indian consumers: possess utilitarian buying behavior; demonstrate anthropocentric attitude toward waste disposal; do not necessarily follow the regulations; and have mastery orientation toward nature. Practical implications At policy level, government in emerging economies should formulate regulations that promote the use of reconstructed products. At firm level, firms should exploit promotional and advertisement efforts to enhance awareness about reconstructed products. Originality/value The study is an early attempt in the literature to capture cross-cultural differences for reconstructed products.
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van der Gaag, Marten A. "QSARs in Netherlands water quality management policies." Science of The Total Environment 109-110 (December 1991): 677–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90221-y.
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Lu, Chao, Weilai Huang, and Haifang Cheng. "Comparative Analysis of Government Subsidy Policies in a Dynamic Green Supply Chain Considering Consumers Preference." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 11601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111601.
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Governments formulate different subsidy policies to incentivize manufacturers to produce green products, and these policies may have different subsidy effects. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the dynamic effects of different subsidy policies to the manufacturer in a green supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. Three differential game models, considering the consumers preference, are established under three subsidy policies, and the corresponding optimal equilibrium strategies of the supply chain members are analyzed. An example is used to compare the effects of the three policies under the equal government subsidy expenditure. The study finds that the rankings of indexes to evaluate steady-state subsidy effects under the different subsidy policies are time invariant, and the government can preliminarily evaluate these policies according to different subsidy goals. The rankings of indexes to evaluate phased subsidy effects under these policies are time varying. If both subsidy effects and subsidy efficiencies in steady state are taken into account, the optimal selection paths of subsidy policies in the whole period can be obtained. The subsidy effects of the same policy are amplified under the condition of equal steady-state subsidy expenditure, but the rankings of effect indexes under the different subsidy policies are not affected.
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Avis, Mark, Roman Konopka, Diana Gregory-Smith, and Nitha Palakshappa. "Disentangling Consumers’ CSR Knowledge Types and Effects." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 11946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911946.
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This paper examines consumers’ objective knowledge of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for brands over different product categories, and investigates whether objective knowledge influences attitudes to CSR, and the relationships between demographics and objective knowledge. The research uses an innovative approach to examining consumer CSR knowledge via (largely) unprompted recall. The analysis uses independent judges to score actual consumer objective knowledge of the CSR of well-known brands against the policies and actions of the brand owner. The research reveals that participants’ objective knowledge of CSR was limited or, in many cases, there was no knowledge. Further, the number and type of CSR policies did not influence overall evaluations of CSR. However, where objective knowledge was held, it did positively influence evaluations. The findings of the research direct managerial attention towards improvement of the communication of CSR, including using the research methodology here to evaluate the success of current communications.
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Shugan, Steven M. "Marketing Perspectives on Federal Communications Commission Policies." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 22, no. 1 (April 2003): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.22.1.35.17617.
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The author briefly critiques Federal Communications Commission policies and legislative actions as reported by Sappington and Stockdale (2003) and then provides some insights from a marketing science perspective. The author questions whether competition created through regulation produces the same benefits as natural competition and argues that when natural competition fails to produce desired results, the underlying reason might be the prohibitive cost of providing service to some consumers. The author also argues for customer satisfaction measures rather than market measures to determine public policy. The article concludes with a variety of topics for further research in marketing.
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Ülkü, M. Ali, and Ülkü Gürler. "The impact of abusing return policies: A newsvendor model with opportunistic consumers." International Journal of Production Economics 203 (September 2018): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.05.016.
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Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, Yi Li, J. Y. Hu, P. Y. Mok, and Xuemei Ding. "Eco-Impact of Plastic and Paper Shopping Bags." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700103.
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This article describes the study of the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags using the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) technique under three different options: usage and disposal criteria with the existing usage behavior to reuse and governmental policies to recycle (option1), usage and disposal criteria as per consumers’ perceptions if systems are in place (option2) and usage and disposal criteria in case of absence of recycling systems (option3). The first stage, which was the baseline for other options, comprised of the study of the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags in the manufacturing phase, without considering the usage and disposal phases. LCIA was performed by the Eco-indicator 99, a damage oriented method for LCIA in SIMAPRO 7.1. The single score values calculated by the Eco-indicator'99 were considered as a directive to compare the environmental impact made by plastic and paper bags and a detailed explanation of the results is provided in this article. The next stage was the study of the eco-impact of these bags including their usage and disposal phases. This was undertaken with the three different options as stated above and the results derived were compared with the results derived from the baseline study, which is the main focus of the study under discussion. The values for usage and end-of-life phases were obtained from the questionnaire survey of different user groups of shopping bags in China, Hong Kong and India. The results of this study show that the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags was very high if there were no usage and disposal options provided. When the eco-impact values from options of existing possibilities and consumers’ perception were compared, the eco-impact value was lower in option 1 in all the three countries for both types of bags, which is mainly attributed to the fact that in option 1, a higher percentage of reuse is preferred to recycle and disposal to landfill categories. Also the eco-impact of these two types of bags was studied with and without the presence of recycling systems in China, India and Hong Kong, where the eco-impact was lower due to the presence of recycling systems. The results indicate that a higher percentage of reuse could significantly trim down the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags. Consumers’ perceptions and usage behaviors in connection with respective government's policies and implementation of recycling systems could be highly decisive in reducing the eco-impact of plastic and paper shopping bags.
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Pellegrini, Giustina, Sandro Sillani, Mario Gregori, and Alessia Spada. "Household food waste reduction: Italian consumers’ analysis for improving food management." British Food Journal 121, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 1382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2018-0425.
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Purpose Every year 1.3bn tonnes of food are lost or wasted in production, manufacture, distribution and at household level. Consumers are the biggest contributors to the total volume of food waste generated over the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting consumer’s food waste behavior at household level, providing more insights to existing literature, basing on a hypothesized model. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was carried from May 2016 to March 2017, by means of a face-to-face structured questionnaire distributed among 580 Italian consumers, with seven constructs. Data analysis included two main steps: exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model (SEM) implemented by means of STATA 14. Findings Results show that price consciousness, environmental concern and time management influence the attitude that in turn affect the behavior toward food waste minimization. These findings provide basic guidelines for developing policies and campaigns aimed to decrease food waste. Research limitations/implications This study point out the importance of the food waste behavioral determinants analysis at household level in Italy. Therefore, the research will include other constructs and further studies can be conducted in European countries to produce spatial SEM. Practical implications Waste prevention approaches should concentrate interests on avoiding losses, and releasing of information, best practices and education of consumers as well as strengthening the donation to social services. Social implications The present findings may be used by decision makers, municipality, stakeholders, involved in food waste reduction policies. Moreover, social marketing campaigns can advantage by these results, in order to avoid food-related habits in consumers’ everyday lives not respecting the issues of the food waste. In addition, this study is addressed to academics and scholars that are already working on the role of consumer’s behavior and its implication on food waste reduction. Originality/value Food waste in Italy has been analyzed by several authors, yet not involving national samples, using different methodologies and aiming at analyze different aspects. The present study aims at analyzing main determinants affecting food waste behavior at household level: providing more insights to existing literature.
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Chatzoudes, Dimitrios, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, and Efstathios Dimitriadis. "Investigating the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies." International Journal of Law and Management 57, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2013-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between consumer perceptions about large companies and behavioral intention toward buying products from these companies. It is hypothesized that the better the perceptions, the higher the behavioral intention. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies are proposed as the perfect tool to improve consumer perceptions and, hence, increase the customer base of large organizations. Such an approach has randomly been explored in the existing literature, making the examination of the proposed conceptual framework of the study an interesting research topic. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed conceptual framework was tested on a sample of Greek consumers. The final sample consisted of 454 adult consumers. The reliability and the validity of the newly developed questionnaire were thoroughly examined. Empirical data were analyzed using the “Structural Equation Modeling” technique. Findings – The results of the quantitative research highlighted the negative perceptions of Greek consumers toward large companies but, at the same time, revealed the statistically significant positive effect of certain dimensions of consumer perceptions on behavioral intention. In more detail, “interest toward community and employees” and “contribution to economic prosperity” seem to enhance behavioral intention, with the first being the most important factor. Research limitations/implications – A limitation stemming from the implemented methodology is the use of self-report scales to measure the constructs of the proposed model. Moreover, as the measurement of consumer perceptions has never been attempted in the existing literature, the items used to measure this construct were created after an extensive review of theoretical papers, failing to incorporate scales that have been already tested for their reliability. Practical implications – Using the findings of the empirical analysis as guiding lights, the present study proposes certain measures for large organizations. Highly proposed policies are offered in the final part of the paper. These policies are connected with enhancing the perceived interest of the company toward its community and employees. Originality/value – The present paper proposes a conceptual framework that examines CSR under a context that has been randomly examined before. It goes beyond theoretical principles and approaches issues that are vital for large organizations. Moreover, the results of the study may be generalized in other developed countries with similar economic realities (e.g. Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland).