Academic literature on the topic 'Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities"
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Yaman, Cevat, Ismail Anil, Megan K. Jaunich, Nawaf I. Blaisi, Omar Alagha, Ayse B. Yaman, and Seyda T. Gunday. "Investigation and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from waste collection and transport activities." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 12 (November 1, 2019): 1282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19882482.
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Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from municipal solid waste management activities and the associated climate change impacts are getting great attention worldwide. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and their distribution during waste collection and transport activities in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia. Greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming factors were estimated based on diesel fuel consumption during waste collection and transport activities. Then, waste collection and transport data were used to parameterise a mechanistic collection model that can be used to estimate and predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in the study area, the average associated total greenhouse gas emissions were about 24,935 tCO2-eq. Global warming factors for three provinces were estimated as 25.23 kg CO2-eq t-1, 25.04 kg CO2-eq t-1, and 37.15 kg CO2-eq t-1, respectively. Lastly, the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) modelling system was used to estimate the atmospheric dispersion of greenhouse gas emissions. Model results revealed that the maximum daily greenhouse gas concentrations ranged between 0.174 and 97.3 mg m-3, while annual average greenhouse gas concentrations were found to be between 0.012 and 27.7 mg m-3 within the study domain. The highest greenhouse gas concentrations were observed for the regions involving the municipal solid waste collection routes owing to their higher source emission rates.
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Stevens, L. B., J. Henri, M. Van Nierop, E. Van Staden, J. Lodder, and S. J. Piketh. "Towards the development of a GHG emissions baseline for the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector, South Africa." Clean Air Journal 26, no. 2 (December 3, 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2410-972x/2016/v26n2a11.
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South Africa is a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and as such is required to report on Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Energy, Transport, Waste and the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors every two years in national inventories. The AFOLU sector is unique in that it comprises both sources and sinks for GHGs. Emissions from the AFOLU sector are estimated to contribute a quarter of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. GHG emissions sources from agriculture include enteric fermentation; manure management; manure deposits on pastures, and soil fertilization. Emissions sources from Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) include anthropogenic land use activities such as: management of croplands, forests and grasslands and changes in land use cover (the conversion of one land use to another). South Africa has improved the quantification of AFOLU emissions and the understanding of the dynamic relationship between sinks and sources over the past decade through projects such as the 2010 GHG Inventory, the Mitigation Potential Analysis (MPA), and the National Terrestrial Carbon Sinks Assessment (NTCSA). These projects highlight key mitigation opportunities in South Africa and discuss their potentials. The problem remains that South Africa does not have an emissions baseline for the AFOLU sector against which the mitigation potentials can be measured. The AFOLU sector as a result is often excluded from future emission projections, giving an incomplete picture of South Africa’s mitigation potential. The purpose of this project was to develop a robust GHG emissions baseline for the AFOLU sector which will enable South Africa to project emissions into the future and demonstrate its contribution towards the global goal of reducing emissions.
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Graftieaux, Pierre, Walter Vergara, and Todd Johnson. "Global Environment Facility Support for Sustainable Transport: Early Lessons from World Bank–Assisted Projects in Mexico City, Mexico; Santiago, Chile; and Lima, Peru." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1846, no. 1 (January 2003): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1846-02.
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Global Environment Facility (GEF) support for World Bank sustainable transport activities is described. An overview is presented of current GEF strategy for sustainable transport, which reflects a shift beyond individual technology interventions toward broader objectives, including modal shift, demand management, and land use planning. Ongoing GEF projects that exemplify this shift are reviewed by examining projects in Latin America and Asia whose aim is improving public transport, nonmotorized programs, and institutional capacity related to sustainable transport. The major lessons that can be drawn from these projects, most of which are still at an early stage, is that local authorities are often enthusiastic about getting involved in programs that simultaneously address key transportation concerns in their cities (such as access, safety, congestion, local air quality) and result in less overall energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Much can be achieved as long as project communications and promotion are addressed and carefully targeted at decision makers and potential beneficiaries.
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Mak, Shu-Lun, Yiu-Man Wong, Kin-Chung Ho, and Chi-Chung Lee. "Contemporary Green Solutions for the Logistics and Transportation Industry—With Case Illustration of a Leading Global 3PL Based in Hong Kong." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148777.
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The earth’s average temperature has risen by approximately 1.2 °C since the 1900s. The COP26 resolution aimed to achieve carbon neutrality before 2050, while China has committed a more aggressive timetable to actually achieve the goal. It requires either that activities must not release any greenhouse gases or the emitted greenhouse gases must be offset. The logistics and transport activities contribute a lot to global greenhouse gas emissions on Earth. There are a no. of challenges of the logistics industry that are discussed, then the paradigmatic solutions such as green procurement, green packaging, green transport, and green warehousing, are respectively discussed. The three contemporary concepts of green solutions (circular economy, carbon neutrality and green cocreation) for logistics and transportation are explored. Subsequently, a detailed case study of CN Logistics’ contemporary green solutions is used to illustrate how to tackle the problems and exemplify the best practices to the other 3PL players. There are expected changes on green directives from the HKSAR Government on logistics green compliances. Finally, this paper concludes with an appeal to the industry to start the green journey immediately.
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Miskinis, Vaclovas, Arvydas Galinis, Inga Konstantinaviciute, Vidas Lekavicius, and Eimantas Neniskis. "Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020521.
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The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.
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Nisiforou, Olympia, Louisa Marie Shakou, Afroditi Magou, and Alexandros G. Charalambides. "A Roadmap towards the Decarbonization of Shipping: A Participatory Approach in Cyprus." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042185.
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities are driving climate change and are currently at their highest levels in history. The international community, through the United Nations process, places great emphasis on the decarbonisation of our economies across all sectors. GHG emissions from maritime transport, even if considered the most carbon efficient method of transportation, are projected to increase if no action is taken to decarbonise, and thus pressure has extended to the maritime sector to contribute to the significant GHG emission cuts necessary. The paths by which the maritime sector can contribute to the achievement of the international target of GHG reduction by 2050 are still being determined, but numerous promising options exist. This paper aims to provide an overview of action towards decarbonisation by the international maritime sector, and to assess how Cyprus, an important flag state, can contribute to decarbonisation efforts. A participatory approach was used, through implementation of the EIT Climate-KIC’s Deep Demonstrations methodology, as part of the ‘ Zero-Net Emissions, Resilient Maritime Hubs in Cyprus’ project. The results were used to identify a portfolio of actions related to policy and regulatory development, education and re-skilling, technological development, and operation optimisation, which can support the decarbonisation of the maritime sector in Cyprus.
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Janoskova, Katarina, and Pavol Kral. "National innovative performance and sustainable development – the case of Slovakia." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0004.
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Abstract Innovation are considered as the engine of sustainability and economic growth. Innovations are an integral part of the business that is expressed in scientific and research activities. If a company want to gain competitive advantage, it must do the business activities in accordance with economic, environmental, social and institutional factors. Business activities in this area are reflected in macroeconomic indicators of the country. This article deals with innovations and sustainable development issues. The main goal of research is testing interaction between innovations and sustainable development through the selected indicators. Summary Innovation Index (SII) represents innovations and sustainable development is represented by the set of indicators from four areas: economic, environmental, social and institutional. The analysis is based on values of the Summary Innovation Index proposed by the European Commission to measure the competitiveness of European countries in terms of innovation activity and values of sustainable development indicators such as GDP per capita, energy intensity of the economy, migration, transport performance, greenhouse gas emissions, application of environmental management system, mining and consumption of mineral resources, etc. The research is carried out on the case of Slovakia with application of mathematical-statistical apparatus (correlation analysis). The main benefit of research lies in the identification of strengths and weaknesses of Slovakia in analysed areas and determining the expected development.
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Sotnychenko, L., and A. Sivan. "Investment Needs and Port Infrastructure Financing." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (65) (2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-3(65)-115-119.
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The article emphasizes that very often the main benefits from port projects come from the wider community and the economy, rather than the port industry itself. This is especially true when ports invest in basic infrastructure to provide opportunities for future growth. In addition, a number of investment requirements have joined the ports' requirements to invest in basic infrastructure, as a result of broader societal imperatives, especially in the areas of environmental and energy policy. Ports, in addition to nodes of transport networks, are also sites for a number of activities that may require certain facilities. Based on this broad definition, it is possible to name different types of port infrastructure. There are twelve types of investment in infrastructure. Investments can relate to the construction of new infrastructure, as well as the modernization or reconstruction of existing infrastructure. In general, investments in maritime access benefit all port users, rather than specific segments and specific terminals in the port. Infrastructure investments are needed by seaports to increase their efficiency, address the growing and changing needs of production and supply chains, and adapt to the requirements of sustainable transport in terms of air quality, climate change and biodiversity. Increasing the size and complexity of the fleet. Growth of processing volumes in ports. Long-term transition to decarbonisation of the economy by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy efficiency and absorbing low-emission energy sources. Stricter requirements for environmental performance and absorption of alternative fuels. Pressure to increase the modal distribution of more sustainable modes of transport. Pressure towards urbanization of coastal areas, especially in densely populated areas. Strong digitization of almost all parts of the economy, including manufacturing, logistics and transport. Port management models and responsibility for infrastructure investments. Generalized trends lead to investment needs in port infrastructure. Decisions on these investments are made by various entities. This depends on the current model of port management, which differs significantly from one Member State to another. Investments in viable port infrastructure are those that are expected to be of great value (to the benefit of both consumers and society as a whole) in terms of their costs. However, not all viable investments bring the necessary financial return on investment to make them commercially attractive based on the commercial situation. Ports are strategic assets and are defined as "critical infrastructure"). The geopolitical dimension of port development reinforces the argument for public funding mechanisms, as the lack of such mechanisms will accelerate the participation of foreigners in the development of critical port infrastructure. It is necessary to form a platform with mechanisms for providing final support for port development and certain investments.
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Kwasiborska, Anna, and Jacek Skorupski. "Assessment of the Method of Merging Landing Aircraft Streams in the Context of Fuel Consumption in the Airspace." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 12859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212859.
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The most important directions in the field of sustainable development of air transport concern increasing the capacity of airports and improving the global civil aviation system, improving air traffic safety, and developing procedures to optimize the operation of the aviation system. An important area is environmental protection and measures to minimize the negative impact of civil aviation activities on the environment. Air traffic and the operation of airports generate adverse environmental effects, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise emissions. Due to the high intensity of aircraft maneuvers, the authors analyzed aircraft traffic in the area approaching the airport. It is essential to correctly line up for aircraft reporting from different entry points to the approach area to avoid waiting for landing. Misalignment of landing aircraft negatively impacts airport capacity, increases fuel consumption through more prolonged waiting times in space, and directly impacts air pollution. There are different ways to organize landing aircraft flows and other ways to merge these flows. The article aims to assess the method of combining the streams of landing aircraft and estimate the impact of such an organization on the increased fuel consumption of aircraft and thus on air pollution. The authors proposed a measure for assessing the quality of the landing queue, which was defined as the increase in flight time of aircraft in the approach area in relation to the nominal time, which was adopted as minimization. In order to obtain the results of research works, a model using a Petri net was developed, allowing for flexible mapping of concurrent processes and their effect analysis. Various methods of combining the streams of landing aircraft have been adopted: three-stage, two-stage, and single-stage. Then, simulation experiments were carried out, allowing the determination of whether the method of combining the streams of landing planes has an impact on the quality of the landing queue measured with the proposed index. The obtained results of the assessment can be used to estimate the increased fuel consumption of the aircraft.
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Amosha, A., N. Trushkina, and V. Shiposha. "Mechanism of Formation and Management for Development of Business Integrated Structures in the Eastern Regions of Ukraine." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (65) (2021): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-3(65)-4-23.
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At present, the problems of improving the management of cluster structures in the eastern regions of Ukraine, taking into account the European experience in accordance with modern challenges related to smart specialization, modernization of production and digitalization of organizational and managerial processes, are becoming especially relevant. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions, scientific and methodological approaches and develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanism of formation and management of business integrated structures of the eastern regions of Ukraine. The essence and content of the terms "business integrated structure", "development of business integrated structure", "mechanism for managing the development of business integrated structure" are specified. The international experience of development of cluster structures is analysed and generalized and offers concerning its possible application in industrial regions of Ukraine are given. Based on the generalization of research, analytical materials of research and consulting companies, regional development agencies, statistical analysis, the main barriers that hinder the effective economic development of the eastern regions of Ukraine. Strategic documents concerning the socio-economic development of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in terms of creating cluster associations were analysed. Methodical bases of logistical support of management of development of business integrated structures are defined. A comprehensive approach to evaluating the effectiveness of cluster formations is proposed and tested. Proposals on normative-legal regulation of cluster structures development in the national economy of Ukraine are given. The conceptual approach to the formation of the cluster as an element of the innovation infrastructure of industrial regions on the basis of smart specialization is substantiated. The organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of business integrated structures is improved and the algorithm of its realization on the example of the eastern regions of Ukraine is offered. It is proved that the development and implementation of the proposed algorithm for implementing the organizational and economic mechanism of business integrated structures (clusters) will create appropriate conditions for increasing the volume and quality of transport services, intensifying innovative development, as well as implementing a qualitatively new regional model of sustainable development that will meet modern management requirements. Implementation of the developed recommendations for improving the mechanism of formation and management of the development of business integrated structures in Donetsk and Luhansk regions will help to obtain a synergistic effect, the components of which are: economic effect ‒ increasing the level of investment attractiveness of territories; increase of receipts to budgets (regional, local) due to formation of qualitatively new model of regional economy, strengthening of competitive advantages of area and increase of economic capacity of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization; increase in the volume of cargo transportation and cargo turnover of different types of transport; reduction of costs for the organization of logistics activities by reducing the transport component in the cost of services, reducing the time to perform customs procedures for clearance of goods; ensuring favorable institutional conditions for the functioning of the transport services market; social ‒ job creation and employment growth; ecological ‒ reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from transport due to optimization of transport flows; increasing the level of environmental safety.
Books on the topic "Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities"
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Climate change: Are greenhouse gas emissions from human activities contributing to the warming of the planet? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, March 7, 2007. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities"
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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_1.
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AbstractThe rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The major natural sources of CO2 include ocean–atmosphere exchange, respiration of animals, soils (microbial respiration) and plants, and volcanic eruption; while the anthropogenic sources include burning of fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and oil), deforestation, and the cultivation of land that increases the decomposition of soil organic matter and crop and animal residues. Natural sources of CH4 emission include wetlands, termite activities, and oceans. Paddy fields used for rice production, livestock production systems (enteric emission from ruminants), landfills, and the production and use of fossil fuels are the main anthropogenic sources of CH4. Nitrous oxide, in addition to being a major GHG, is also an ozone-depleting gas. N2O is emitted by natural processes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur mostly through agricultural and other land-use activities and are associated with the intensification of agricultural and other human activities such as increased use of synthetic fertiliser (119.4 million tonnes of N worldwide in 2019), inefficient use of irrigation water, deposition of animal excreta (urine and dung) from grazing animals, excessive and inefficient application of farm effluents and animal manure to croplands and pastures, and management practices that enhance soil organic N mineralisation and C decomposition. Agriculture could act as a source and a sink of GHGs. Besides direct sources, GHGs also come from various indirect sources, including upstream and downstream emissions in agricultural systems and ammonia (NH3) deposition from fertiliser and animal manure.
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Ntinyari, Winnie, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Agricultural Systems and Climate Change Effects in Sub- Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1081–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_43.
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AbstractClimate change has been viewed to result from anthropogenic human activities that have significantly altered the Nitrogen (N) cycle and carbon cycles, increasing the risks of global warming and pollution. A key cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions including methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon among others. The context of this chapter is based on a comprehensive desktop review on published scientific papers on climate change, greenhouse emissions, agricultural fertilizer use, modeling and projections of greenhouse gases emissions. Interestingly, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the least emissions of the greenhouses gases accounting for only 7% of the total world’s emissions, implying that there is overall very little contribution yet it has the highest regional burden concerning climate change impacts. However, the values could be extremely higher than this due to lack of proper estimation and measurement tools in the region and therefore, caution needs to be taken early enough to avoid taking the trend currently experienced in developed nations. In SSA, agricultural production is the leading sector in emissions of N compound to the atmosphere followed by energy and transportation. The greatest challenge lies in the management of the two systems to ensure sufficiency in food production using more bioenergy hence less pollution. Integrating livestock and cropping systems is one strategy that can reduce methane emissions. Additionally, developing fertilizer use policy to improve management of fertilizer and organic manure have been potentially considered as effective in reducing the effects of agriculture activities on climate change and hence the main focus of the current chapter.
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Odiyo, John Ogony, Peter Bitta Bikam, and Rachel Makungo. "Introduction." In Green Economy in the Transport Sector, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86178-0_1.
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AbstractThis book provides policy framework on “towards a Green Economy in the Transport Sector” draws inspiration from the UNEP report on Green Economy Modeling (2014), which focused on South Africa with respect to Transport, Natural Resource Management, Agriculture, and Energy sectors. This is because in the last 10 years natural resources, environmental risks and ecological issues have come to the attention of the international community because the subject is fundamentally important for overarching sustainable growth. It is important to note that environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and climate change in different regions of the world including South Africa result in significant problems. However, the challenges can provide an opportunity to do things differently. Further to this in 2010, South Africa hosted the Green Economy Summit to set up the stage for the formulation of a Green Economy Plan. In line with this, the choice for a New Growth Path (NGP) was formulated and it was aimed at creating new green jobs in their thousands by 2020. It was in this context that the NGP policy framework on green economy in the transport sector was envisaged to respond to the request by Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA) to assess potential opportunities and policy levers to inform a green economy in the transport sector. The findings from the desktop research, the stakeholder workshop and the field survey reports form the basis from which the policy framework recommendations in this report were made.
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Hrnčević, Lidia. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Petroleum Industry." In Natural Resources Management, 213–41. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch011.
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Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions occur, more or less, in all aspects of the petroleum industry's activities. Besides the direct emissions of some GHG, the petroleum industry is also characterised with high energy intensity usually followed by emissions of adverse gases, especially at old facilities, and also the products with high emission potential. Being the global industry and one of the major players on global market, the petroleum industry is also subjected to global regulatory provisions regarding GHG emissions. In this chapter, the impact of global climate change on the petroleum industry is discussed. The emissions from the petroleum industry are analysed with a special focus on greenhouse gases that occur in petroleum industry activities and types and sources of emissions from the petroleum industry activities. In addition, recommendations for estimation, monitoring, and reductions of GHG emissions from the petroleum industry are given.
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Lal, R., and T. J. Logan. "Agricultural Activities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Soils of the Tropics." In Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect, 293–308. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739310-25.
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Kayikci, Yasanur, Michael R. Bartolacci, and Larry J. LeBlanc. "Identifying the Key Success Factors in Strategic Alignment of Transport Collaboration Using a Hybrid Delphi-AHP." In Contemporary Approaches and Strategies for Applied Logistics, 1–36. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5273-4.ch001.
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Transport collaboration has emerged as a growing trend that creates opportunities and competitive advantages for supply chain partners by eliminating inefficiencies and thus reducing costs. As a result, it allows the more efficient utilization of available resources and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions. Ensuring a strategic alignment among different partners is necessary to sustain a long-term collaboration with respect to transport and logistics activities. This chapter studies strategic alignment within the context of supply chain partners. The 37 key criteria from the technical, risk, financial, organizational, and operational categories for the formation and maintenance of a strategic alignment for collaboration are identified by utilizing a hybrid Delphi-AHP. This methodology utilized the expertise of transport experts from different countries. Establishing such collaborative initiatives from raw materials procurement to finished products distribution throughout supply chain is important for creating an efficient and environmentally/socially sustainable transport strategy.
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Kumar, Ashok, Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju, and Lakshika Nishadhi Kuruppuarachchi. "Pollution Prevention Assessments: Approaches and Case Histories." In Sustainability Studies: Environmental and Energy Management, 148–65. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815039924122010010.
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The pollution prevention (P2) approach known as source reduction is being used worldwide to reduce the deleterious effects on human health and the environment due to the contaminants released from a variety of industrial sources. This chapter focuses on the concept of pollution prevention approaches undertaken by the U.S.EPA. P2 approach is discussed by applying the concept of energy efficiency, energy savings, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductions, waste reduction, and stormwater management to local schools, restaurants, hospitals, and the industrial sector in Ohio, USA. Several publicly available tools were used to analyze data collected during assessments. The major tools used are the Energy Assessment Spreadsheet tool (developed by Air Pollution Research Group at the College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Ohio, USA) for the energy savings and Economic Input Life Cycle Assessment tool (developed by researchers at the Green Design Institute of Carnegie Mellon University) for the estimation of environmental emissions from industrial activities.These approaches result in the reduction of financial costs for waste management, cleanup, health problems, and environmental damage. Outcomes of pollution prevention activities are knowledge-based, behavioral, health-related, or environmental, which includes decreased exposure to toxins, conservation of natural resources, decreased release of toxins to the environment, and cost savings. The chapter presents case studies that focused on energy, greywater reuse, and food waste diversion from landfills.
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Scialla, Paolo, Matteo Roiaz, Ryan Kostos, Shaun White, Dimitris Kontosfyris, and Jan-Erik Räsänen. "A Swappable Battery to Reduce Emissions of Ships." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220029.
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Waterborne transport emissions represent around 13% of the overall EU greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and the push for reducing carbon emissions is a top priority for the next decade in the shipping industry. The project ‘Current Direct’, funded by the EU Horizon 2020 initiative, contributes to the direction of decarbonization and addresses the challenges by designing an innovative and optimized Lithium-Ion battery system. Current Direct aims to develop a containerized energy storage system which enables easy swapping operations to provide a zero-emission source of energy for vessels’ propulsion and auxiliary power. The concept of having a module energy system introduces the need to have a commonly adopted standard interface irrespective of the ship and supporting shoreside infrastructure. Current Direct will be targeting inland waterway & short sea shipping as the conventionally propelled or hybrid vessels in these sectors provide a high degree of applicability for swappable battery energy storage systems. The cloud-based Energy as a Service platform developed under Current Direct will pave the way for a sustainable battery swapping business model ensuring the end-users have the clean energy needed, when they need it, at a competitive price comparable to today’s fossil fuels. The platform will primarily tackle the optimal charging and discharging scheduling of the batteries, manage the battery supply planning of the vessels, manage the battery fleet deployment between the swapping stations, and incorporate recognized practices of revenue management. This will provide end-users and stakeholders with sustainable swapping services through the EaaS network. The standardization of this innovative model for swappable energy is also being considered through the development of a unified certification methodology that covers to the containerized battery design, operation, routine verifications, and the ship’s suitability for utilizing such a power source for main propulsion and auxiliary onboard systems.
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N. Tasaki, Abigail, and Ken Tasaki. "Mitigation of Environmental Impact of Intensive Animal Farming through Conversion of Animal Wastes to Valued-Added Products." In Intensive Animal Farming - A Cost-Effective Tactic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105131.
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The environmental impact of concentrated animal farming operations has become serious social issues, with the livestock wastes contaminating waterways and groundwaters and generating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for more than half the total GHG emissions in agricultural activities in the U.S. These impacts are mostly due to the current practice of spraying manure or manure digestate on croplands. We have recently developed two novel processes not only to mitigate the impacts stemming from the current manure management practice but also to bring in extra revenues to livestock farmers, which should provide an incentive to the farmers, by recovering value-added products from livestock manure or manure digestate. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of the processes to produce two products: protein hydrolysate feed additives from the manure-digestate solid by one process and renewable ammonia from the manure-digestate liquid by another. One process uses thermal hydrolysis to extract protein from manure-digestate solid at a moderate recovery rate of more than 60%. Another employs acid-base reactions to strip NH3 from manure-digestate liquid and dissolve the stripped NH3 gas into the water at a high recovery rate of 90%. By repeating this stripping process, the nitrogen concentration in the water can reach as high as 18%.
Conference papers on the topic "Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities"
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Plati, Christina, Maria Pomoni, Andreas Drainakis, and Andreas Loizos. "Integrating roughness data to assess greenhouse gas emissions within pavement management decision-making." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1401.
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Green-House Gases (GHGs) are emitted into the atmosphere in significant amounts produced mainly by human sources and activities. Globally, the road transport sector is a significant source of GHGs and particularly of CO2 emissions. Transport sector includes pavements and pavement roughness is a factor that directly affects fuel consumption and consequently has a significant impact on vehicle emissions. Many studies have attempted to define the connection between pavement roughness in terms of International Roughness Index (IRI) and fuel consumption, under the scope of pavement sustainability. However, the requirements of multiple parameters and extensive data processing have raised the need for solid and simplified approaches in practice. As such, the objective of the current study is to incorporate the assessment of vehicle emissions into pavement management processes by formulating a simple and credible relationship between vehicle GHGs and pavement roughness. Analysed data comes from multiple segments of two interurban controlled-access highways with different pavement condition. Several combinations of vehicle and fuel type suggest the development of concise formulas to estimate equivalent CO2 emissions based on IRI measurements. Verification and validation of the developed formulas was applied via appropriate statistical techniques.
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Dubravská, Mariana, and Elena Širá. "GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PRODUCED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN EU." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.257.
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Each economy must adapt its activities to the protection of the environment. It is now an essential part of everyday life, in the face of various climate changes. The Europe 2020 strategy sets out a set of objectives in the EU, including those promoting environmental sustainability, called sustainable growth. The aim of the paper is to determine, if the performance of the country, in the area of greenhouse gas emissions reduction is adequate to the strategy Europe 2020. In the analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions, we will also focus on the agriculture sector and compare the development over time with the development in other EU countries. The analyzed period is 10 years, from 2009 - 2018. The article investigated the performance of greenhouse gas emissions in the example of EU (including the Great Britain) countries.
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Wikramanayake, Enakshi, Onur Ozkan, and Vaibhav Bahadur. "Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems for Utilization of Waste Natural Gas From Oilfields and Landfills." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4825.
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Excess natural gas produced in oilfields is routinely flared due to the absence of alternative uses. Similarly, landfills emit large quantities of methane, which is primarily flared or vented. Both these activities result in large scale energy waste and undesired methane and carbon dioxide emissions. This work examines the benefits of using excess natural gas to harvest atmospheric moisture. Natural gas-powered refrigeration systems can enable large scale dehumidification via condensation. The harvested water can be used for water-intensive operations like hydraulic fracturing, drilling and waterflooding in nearby oilfields. This solution thus addresses the issues of energy waste, water and greenhouse gas emissions A first-order model is used to estimate the water harvest, based on the gas flow rate, ambient weather and the refrigeration system. The benefits of flared gas-powered water harvesting are quantified for the Eagle Ford (Texas) and the Bakken (North Dakota) Shales, which account for the bulk of US flaring. The benefits of landfill gas-powered water harvesting are quantified for the Barnett (Texas), and Monterey (California) Shales, which can be served by 30 and 15 landfills, respectively. Overall, flared gas utilization for water production can meet 15% and 60% of the annual water requirements of the Eagle Ford and Bakken Shales, respectively. The water harvested using landfill gas (from nearby landfills) can meet 22% and 73% of the annual water requirements of the Barnett and Monterey Shales, respectively. This technology will also eliminate millions of trucking trips to transport water. Overall, this waste-to-value concept has global relevance, since a combination of excess gas availability, water scarcity and hot-humid conditions is common in many regions of the world.
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Luna-Ortiz, Eduardo. "Reusing Existing Infrastructure for CO2 Transport: Risks and Opportunities." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31457-ms.
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Abstract There is no doubt that greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, needs to be reduced to mitigate the effects of climate change. While carbon management can be achieved through a number of technological and engineering approaches ranging from energy efficiency (i.e., highly energy integrated system and process intensification) to renewable energy (wind, solar, hydrogen), CO2 capture & storage (CCS) has been identified as having a key role in the energy transition. Captured anthropogenic CO2 can be permanently stored in saline aquifers and depleted reservoirs. Saline aquifers (normally unsuitable for industrial or human exploitation) offer the largest storage capacity; however, there is, usually, lack of geological characterization leading to high risks due to large uncertainty. On the other hand, depleted gas fields, close to economical life cessation, are deemed an excellent alternative as safe and long-term storage is already proven and immense geological characterisation has been gathered during production life. Moreover, there is great potential to repurpose the existing offshore infrastructure (pipelines, platforms, and wells) as to minimize capital expenditure and delaying decommissioning costs. Repurposing existing production systems can also be an efficient way to achieve rapid deployment of CCS at large scale. In this paper, we present the key engineering challenges, risks, and opportunities in the re-use of existing oil and gas offshore infrastructure for CO2 transport and injection. We highlight the complex operational constraints and interactions between different components of the transportation network. The design and operation of the transportation network is governed by the following drivers: Safe design Robust and flexible operation Minimize cost (or delay expenditure as long as possible) Minimize emissions of greenhouse gases associated to the operation of the transport network (i.e., energy efficiency) Start operation with minimum modifications
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Katterbauer, Klemens, Abdulkarim Al Sofi, Alberto Marsala, and Ali Yousif. "An Innovative Artificial Intelligence Framework for Reducing Carbon Footprint in Reservoir Management." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205856-ms.
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Abstract The energy industry has been transformed considerably in the last years. Sustainable development of oil and gas reservoir has become a major driver for these energy companies, and strengthened the focus to maximize hydrocarbon extraction while minimizing the associated carbon footprint. The focus has been further on maximizing efficiency and waste reduction in order to enhance profitability of projects. Challenges still remain in terms of that the carbon emissions from oilfield operations, related to the production, disposal and utilization of water and hydrocarbons, may be significant and the objective of increasing production has to be traded off in many instances against the quest for reducing carbon emissions. The fourth industrial revolution has brought new opportunities for companies to enhance decision making in their upstream development and optimize their recovery potential while minimizing the carbon footprint and associated cost. In this work, we present a smart approach for optimizing recovery while minimizing the carbon footprint of a reservoir in terms of the associated development and production activities. We use an advanced nonlinear autoregressive neural network approach integrated with time-lapse electromagnetic monitoring data to forecast production and carbon emissions from the reservoir in real-time, under uncertainty. The artificial intelligence approach also allows to investigate a circular carbon approach, where the produced greenhouse gases are re-injected into the well, while at the same time adjusting water injection levels. This allows to forecast and analyze the impact of a circular development plan. We tested the AI framework on a synthetic reservoir encompassing a complex carbonate fracture system and well setup. The carbon emissions were forecasted in real-time based on the previous production rates and the defined injection levels. The forecasted carbon emissions were then integrated into an optimization technique, in order to adjust injection levels to minimize water cut and overall carbon emissions, while optimizing production rates. Results were promising and highlighted the potential significant reductions in carbon emissions for the studied synthetic reservoir case. Moreover, the deployment of deep electromagnetic surveys was proved particularly beneficial as a deep formation evaluation monitoring method for tracking the injected waterfront inside the reservoir and optimizing the sweep efficiency, while minimizing the inefficient use of water injection. Accordingly, such integrated AI approach has a twofold benefit: maximizing the hydrocarbon productivity, while minimizing the water consumption and associated carbon emissions. Such framework represents a paradigm shift in reservoir management and improved oil recovery operations under uncertainty. It proposes an innovative integrated methodology to reduce the carbon footprint and attain a real-time efficient circular development plan.
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Taylor, Cody, Emily Bedwell, Amy Guy, and David Traeger. "Low-Carbon Solid Waste Systems." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3215.
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As awareness regarding the potential threat of climate change has grown in the US, many local governments and businesses are being asked to consider the climate implications of their actions. In addition, many leaders, including solid waste managers, who are not yet pressured from the outside, consider it prudent to account for their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consider it a proactive measure to assess climate risks and opportunities and to show commitment to progress. Sources of GHG emissions in the solid waste management process include: waste transport vehicles, composting facilities, processing equipment, landfills, and waste-to-energy facilities. Over the past 25 years, the levels of GHG emissions have been reduced through technological advancements in waste-to-energy, environmental regulations such as the Clean Air Act, landfill gas capture and control, and the promotion of recycling and reuse. There are many opportunities for solid waste managers to further reduce their GHG emissions levels, including promotion of waste-to-energy facilities as part of a low-carbon solid waste management plan. Waste-to-energy may also, in the future, offer potential revenue from the sale of renewable energy credits and carbon credits in emerging emissions trading programs.
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VESPERE, Anita, and Dina POPLUGA. "ASSESSMENT OF REED POTENTIAL FOR THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.191.
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Global challenges such as increasing population density and climate changes are putting focus on such emerging issues as transition to a green economy and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Starting from 2021, activities in climate protection will be launched by the Paris Agreement, which provides not only for adapting to already occurring climate changes and reducing the expected effects but also promoting investment flows in a low carbon economy. In Latvia, one of the largest greenhouse gas emission sources is heat production from fossil fuel. Although biomass combustion generates about the same amount of carbon dioxide as fossil fuel, this is a friendlier source of energy because when it is restored, the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed. Currently the most commonly used renewable source for the generation of thermal energy is wood. In the present research a theoretical study is conducted to assess the possibility of using another type of biomass – reeds, which is a common resource available throughout the country and recovers quickly. The research results showed that reeds can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to firewood, but its efficient use should take into account the following factors: biomass with low humidity obtainable late in winter, the combustion process has a high ash level and before transporting, it should receive primary treatment to increase the bulk density and reduce transport costs. Reed as a separate fuel material is effective for solid fuel boilers, located close to the resource extraction site. An optimal use of this biomass source is possible in combination with other energy sources to produce pellets or briquettes.
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Krishnan, N., and N. J. Themelis. "Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Two Options for MSW Management in New York City: Modern Landfilling vs. Waste to Energy." In 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3169.
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The U.S. generates about 370 million short tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) each year. In 2002, an average of 26.9% of this material was either recycled or composted. Of the remainder, an estimated 242 million short tons were disposed of in landfills and about 29 million short tons were combusted in Waste to Energy (WTE) facilities to produce electricity and scrap metal. Effective management of MSW is becoming increasingly challenging, especially in densely populated regions, such as New York City, where there is little or no landfill capacity and the tipping fees have doubled and tripled in recent years. There is also a growing appreciation of the environmental implications of landfills. Even with modern landfill construction, impacts remain from the need for transfer stations to handle putrescible wastes, their transport to distant landfills, and finally landfill gas emissions and potential aqueous run-off. Environmental impacts of concern associated with disposal in WTEs include air emissions of metals, dioxins and greenhouse gases. In the U.S., there is also a strong negative public perception of WTE facilities. Decisions about waste management should be influenced by a consideration of the overall, quantified life-cycle environmental impacts of different options. In this paper we therefore develop a methodology to assess these impacts for landfilling and WTE waste management options. Specifically we attempt to compare these two options for New York City, a large urban area.
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Grosvenor, Courtney E., Melissa C. Lott, and Michael E. Webber. "A Methodology for Evaluating the Environmental Trade-Offs for Different Travel and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) Options." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54423.
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The impacts of the U.S. transportation and electricity generation sectors include air emissions and water consumption. Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as advanced video teleconferencing have the potential to displace some activities that have historically required transportation. While ICT can reduce environmental impacts compared to transportation options in many cases, there are non-obvious environmental trade-offs associated with replacing transportation with ICT. These tradeoffs are the consequence of many factors, including the particular local electricity mix, meeting duration, number of meeting participants, travel distances, travel modes, motive transport conversion technologies, and transport fuels. Identifying and quantifying these trade-offs is the focus of this research. For this study, a nomenclature and methodology were developed to compare environmental trade-offs associated with transportation and ICT. The nomenclature was designed to facilitate side-by-side comparison of the environmental impacts of travel and ICT and to allow expansion of the nomenclature for future study. The methodology considered a variety of conversion technologies for motive transport including spark-ignition, compression-ignition, fuel cells, and electric motors. Both conventional and developing fuels were considered including gasoline, ethanol, diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, hydrogen, and electricity. Likewise, electricity consumption for ICT included both traditional and developing electricity generation technologies. Carbon dioxide emissions and water consumption for ICT were assessed for comparison with transportation in a case study that demonstrated use of this methodology by considering three distinct scenarios for a particular business meeting: 1. Two meeting attendees travel to the meeting by diesel city bus while two travel in a private vehicle. 2. All four meeting attendees travel by private vehicle powered by compressed natural gas. 3. The four meeting attendees do not travel, but instead meet their clients virtually via ICT. The case study analyzed in this manuscript considers only the water and carbon dioxide impacts, but the nomenclature developed allows future expansion for analysis of other greenhouse gases. The three scenarios revealed that, compared to short travel distances, use of ICT does not always generate fewer carbon dioxide emissions. Depending on the mode of electricity generation, travel proved to be preferable from an emissions standpoint for scenarios in which travel distances were small. However, in cases that required long distances to travel, ICT often allowed businesses and individuals to reduce their environmental impacts, especially if electric power generation in that location utilized large amounts of relatively low-emissions technologies such as hydroelectric dams, wind, solar, and nuclear. Finally, it should be noted that, in addition to comparing ICT and travel impacts, this methodology can be used to calculate the environmental tradeoffs of various transportation options when travel is a necessity.
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Balaguer-Da´tiz, Giselle, and Nikhil Krishnan. "Life Cycle Comparison of Two Options for MSW Management in Puerto Rico: Thermal Treatment vs. Modern Landfilling." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1928.
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The management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Puerto Rico is becoming increasingly challenging. In recent years, several of the older landfills have closed due to lack of compliance with federal landfill requirements. Puerto Rico is an island community and there is limited space for construction of new landfills. Furthermore, Puerto Rico residents generate more waste per capita than people living on the continental US. Thermal treatment, or waste to energy (WTE) technologies are therefore a promising option for MSW management. It is critical to consider environmental impacts when making decisions related to MSW management. In this paper we quantify and compare the environmental implications of thermal treatment of MSW with modern landfilling for Puerto Rico from a life cycle perspective. The Caguas municipality is currently considering developing a thermal treatment plant. We compare this to an expansion of a landfill site in the Humacao municipality, which currently receives waste from Caguas. The scope of our analysis includes a broad suite of activities associated with management of MSW. We include: (i) the transportation of MSW; (ii) the impacts of managing waste (e.g., landfill gas emissions and potential aqueous run-off with landfills; air emissions of metals, dioxins and greenhouse gases) and (iii) the implications of energy and materials offsets from the waste management process (e.g., conversion of landfill gas to electricity, electricity produced in thermal treatment, and materials recovered from thermal treatment ash). We developed life cycle inventory models for different waste management processes, incorporating information from a wide range of sources — including peer reviewed life cycle inventory databases, the body of literature on environmental impact of waste management, and site-specific factors for Puerto Rico (e.g. waste composition, rainfall patterns, electricity mix). We managed uncertainty in data and models by constructing different scenarios for both technologies based on realistic ranges of emission factors. The results show that thermal treatment of the unrecyclable part of the waste stream is the preferred option for waste management when compared to modern landfilling. Furthermore, Eco-indicator 99 method is used to investigate the human health, ecosystem quality and resource use impact categories.
Reports on the topic "Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities"
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Silverman, Allison. Summary: Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+. Rights and Resources Initiative, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ymup2358.
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a voluntary international initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and to promote conservation and sustainable management of forests. It has significant implications for tenure rights, including for women. Although women use forests to support their own as well as their families’ livelihoods, they are frequently overlooked as key stakeholders. Women often face discrimination in resource management processes, largely through unequal, insecure, or unclear tenure rights. Hence, there is a significant risk that the implementation of REDD+ could exacerbate existing inequalities for women. Securing women’s tenure rights is fundamental, as tenure rights provide recognized rights-holders with the ability to be involved in and to benefit from the design and implementation of REDD+ activities.