Academic literature on the topic 'Managed Isolation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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Shah, Jay Narayan, Jenifei Shah, and Jesifei Narayan Shah. "Quarantine, isolation and lockdown: in context of COVID-19." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v7i1.28863.
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Quarantine and lockdown, combined with restriction to the movement of people, along with measures like universal use of masks, social distancing, tracking, testing, isolation and specialized centers to manage COVID-19 patients, have been successful in the control and spread of the virus in China and most Asian countries, unlike in Europe and America. This review is written to provide information on quarantine, isolation and lockdown in the context of COVID-19 management. The quarantine and lockdown from historical, socio-cultural, and its effect on special circumstances, for example, the internal and international migrants, daily wage workers, refugees, and the ways in which countries have managed this issue, including the measures taken by Nepal to manage the quarantine and lockdown is briefly presented in this review.
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Feder, Judy. "Managed-Pressure Cementing Provides Zonal Isolation in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico." Journal of Petroleum Technology 71, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1019-0048-jpt.
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Yuliatun, Ismiyati, Siti Rahmawati, and Sri Lestari. "Anxiety and Individual Coping Strategies In Undergoing Isolation During the Covid-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Health Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/ijhst.v2i3.2005.
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Individuals exposed to the Covid-19 virus have consequences for isolation, both self-isolation and isolation in health services. During isolation, individuals may experience anxiety which needs to be managed with appropriate coping strategies. Purpose: to find out how the anxiety experienced by individuals in undergoing isolation and how the coping strategies that individuals have in dealing with the anxiety that arises when undergoing isolation during a pandemic. Methods: qualitative using a phenomenological study. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews and observations on two mothers who underwent isolation. The data obtained were analyzed to find emerging themes. Results: There were 5 main themes related to anxiety and coping strategies used by individuals in undergoing isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely conditions before and during isolation, factors that cause anxiety, symptoms of anxiety, coping and support strategies, effects of coping strategies and lessons learned from experience undergo isolation.
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Pisaturo, Mariantonietta, Giulia De Angelis, Paolo Maggi, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Fabio Numis, Ivan Gentile, Alfonso Masullo, et al. "Clinical Features of Patients with Home Isolation Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Southern Italy." Life 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11040347.
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To describe epidemiological and clinical features of patients confirmed as having SARS-CoV-2 infection and managed in isolation at home. We performed a multicenter retrospective study enrolling all SARS-CoV-2-positive adults evaluated from 28 February to 31 May 2020 at one of nine COVID-19 Units in southern Italy: we included patients receiving care at home and those admitted to hospital. We defined patients with not-severe disease if they were asymptomatic or experienced a mild infection that did not need oxygen (O2) therapy and those with a severe infection if hospitalized and required O2 therapy. We enrolled 415 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 77 were managed in isolation at home, 338 required hospital management. The 77 patients in home isolation were less frequently male than hospitalized patients (55% vs. 64%; <0.01) and were younger (median age 45 years (IQR:19) vs. 62 (IQR 22); p < 0.01), had a lower Charlson comorbidity index (median 0 (IQR2) vs. 6 (IQR 3); p < 0.01), and included fewer subjects with an underlying chronic disease (36% vs. 59%; p < 0.01). According to a binomial logistic regression analysis, a younger age (OR: 0.96 (95% IC: 0.94–0.98), p < 0.01) and a low Charlson comorbidity index (OR: 0.66 (95% IC: 0.54–0.83); p < 0.01) were independent factors associated with at-home management. The identification of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection who could be managed in home isolation is useful in clinical practice. A younger age and no comorbidities were identified as factors independently associated with home management.
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Haverhals, Leah, Roman Ayele, and Hillary Lum. "HOW CAREGIVERS AND OLDER US VETERANS MANAGED SOCIAL ISOLATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1963.
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Abstract To protect themselves from contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus, many older adults managing multiple medical conditions experienced increased social isolation. The objective of our qualitative research study was to describe how older Veterans receiving care from the United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, and their caregivers, managed increased social isolation during the pandemic. We recruited Veterans and their caregivers residing in rural and urban areas who received care from either a tele-palliative care or a tele-geriatrics clinic connected to one VA Medical Center, inviting them to participate in phone interviews. From May-September 2021, we interviewed N=23 participants (n=9 Veterans and n=14) caregivers. We applied a deductive and inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze interview data. Findings revealed that while caregivers experienced increased anxiety, which they attributed to pandemic-related changes, they also expressed solidarity in that others were experiencing similar stressors. Many caregivers and Veterans shared experiences of increased loneliness, which some found difficult to manage as communication with their social networks was sparse. At the same time, the pandemic made them value relationships with others more than before. Some Veterans noted they kept busy with hobbies and did not feel much loneliness despite increased isolation. Caregivers caring for Veterans with dementia stated they experienced confusion about their narrower social networks because they could not remember reasons why they were not regularly spending time with them. Findings demonstrate the need to identify strategies and policies to better support caregivers and older Veterans during times of crisis.
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García-Lecona, Dante Alí, Elvira Garza-González, Magaly Padilla-Orozco, Lidia Mendoza-Flores, Samatha Flores-Treviño, Soraya Mendoza-Olazaran, and Adrián Camacho-Ortiz. "Outcomes of Clostridium difficile– infected patients managed in a common isolation unit compared with isolation in their bed of diagnosis." American Journal of Infection Control 46, no. 1 (January 2018): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.06.006.
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Tsvetkova, Nadezhda A., and Kira E. Lagvilava. "Dynamics of Interpersonal Communication Between Spouses with a Long Marriage Experience in the Period of Self-Isolation." Uchenye Zapiski RGSU 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-16-26.
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The article presents the results of testing the hypothesis about changes in the nature of interpersonal communication between spouses in conditions of self-isolation, determined by the dynamics of destructive communicative attitudes and behavior style in conflict situations. 30 married couples with 15 years of family life experience were examined. Data obtained at the very beginning of restrictions and after a three-month period of self-isolation were compared. It is noted that the interpersonal communication of the spouses over the past three months has become more intense, tense, aggressive and conflicted. The spouses managed to intensify and maintain the usual system of implementing destructive attitudes in interpersonal communication, as well as the stylistic features of behavior in conflict situations, but they did not manage to prefer cooperation to compromise: compromise was and remains the dominant strategy of behavior of each of the spouses in the conflict. It is shown that during the three-month period of self-isolation, wives became somewhat detached from reality, while their husbands became significantly more realistic, but also significantly more openly violent. Attention is drawn to the need for further scientific research of this problem, as well as improving the practice of psychological support for families in situations of this type.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Integrated Hydraulics-Modeling Platform Automates Managed-Pressure Drilling." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0222-0053-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 19671, “Integrated Hydraulics Modeling for Managed-Pressure Drilling,” by Sayamik A. Rostami, Jose Brana, and Thomas Koithan, SPE, Weatherford. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. Technologies aimed at better performance and lower cost are more important to the oil and gas industry than ever. This emphasis drives hardware manufacturers to innovate quickly and create devices with more capabilities so that what was impossible a few short years ago is reality today. In the complete paper, the authors describe a platform that integrates advanced data analytics and hydraulic modeling in real time, coupled with cybersecurity features applied through an open-platform communications unified-architecture protocol directed at automation controllers for managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) applications. MPD Control System An intelligent MPD system automatically controls all the components of an MPD system, including a rotating control device, annular isolation device, flow spool, buffer manifold, choke manifold, and pressure-relief valves. Aside from communicating with and controlling this equipment, such a system is able to communicate with the overarching rig-control system. The system uses the control capabilities of a centralized programmable automation controller with an integrated human/machine-interface screen. Another advantage of the intelligent MPD system is the built-in functionality to track the performance of the system in terms of performance and health through component monitoring to enable condition-based maintenance (CBM).
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Dunning, John B., Rene Borgella, Krista Clements, and Gary K. Meffe. "Patch Isolation, Corridor Effects, and Colonization by a Resident Sparrow in a Managed Pine Woodland." Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (June 1995): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030542.x.
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FROST, AJ, D. O'BOYLE, and JL SAMUEL. "The isolation of Salmonella spp from feed lot cattle managed under different conditions before slaughter." Australian Veterinary Journal 65, no. 7 (July 1988): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14464.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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Kahn, Jonathan Kenneth. "The effect of managed fire, isolation, and habitat fragmentation on forest Lepidoptera diversity." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407149455.
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Eans, Shainnel. "Esterase isolation, expression, and population analyses of Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) of Manatee County, FL." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024863.
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Kihlström, Maria, and Roberta Sjöholm. "Biståndshandläggares arbete för att minska ensamhet och social isolering hos äldre : En intervjustudie." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29639.
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Föreliggande studies syfte var att undersöka biståndsläggarens arbete för att minska ensamhet och social isolering hos äldre personer. En kvalitativ explorativ design användes och materialet till studien samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex biståndshandläggare. Genom en tematisk analys framkom fyra huvudteman: vad är ensamhet och social isolering, identifiering och information, betydelsen av insatser och sociala sammanhang samt biståndshandläggaren och den äldre personen. Sammanfattningsvis beskriver de intervjuade biståndshandläggarna att ensamhet och social isolering kan förebyggas och minskas genom kommunala insatser men att den viktigaste faktorn är närheten till familj och sociala nätverk. Biståndshandläggarna beskriver också att de kan uppleva maktlöshet, både i förhållande till den enskilde och i förhållande till riktlinjer och brist på resurser inom den egna verksamheten. Maktlösheten kopplas i diskussionsavsnittet till Lipskys teori om frontlinjebyråkrater. Trots de utmaningar som finns är biståndshandläggarna överens om att de har en viktig och betydande roll i arbetet för att tillgodose den enskildes behov.The aim of this study was to investigate the care managers’ work to reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people. A qualitative exploratory design was used and the material for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews with six care managers. Through a thematic analysis, four main themes emerged: "what is loneliness and social isolation", "identification and information", "the importance of activities and the social context" and "the care manager and the older person". In summary, the interviewed care managers describe that loneliness and social isolation can be prevented and reduced through governmental interventions, but the most important factor is proximity to family and social networks. Moreover, the care managers describe that they can experience impotency, both in relation to the individual client and in relation to framework and lack of resources within their own operation. The impotency is discussed in relation to Lipsky's theory of street level bureaucrats. Despite the challenges that exist, the care managers agree on the importance and significance of their role in working to meet the individual’s needs.
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Cooney, Lucretia. "BULLYING: OUT OF THE SCHOOL HALLS AND INTO THE WORKPLACE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2676.
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The primary purpose of this study is to identify those people at most risk of being bullied at work. While much research is being conducted on school bullying, little has been conducted on workplace bullying. Using data gathered from a 2004 study conducted by the National Opinion Research Center for the General Social Survey, which included a Quality of Work Life (QWL) module for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), linear regressions indicated significant findings. As predicted, workers in lower level occupations, as ranked by prestige scoring developed at National Opinion Research, are more likely to be victimized. Data also suggest that being young, Black, and relatively uneducated may contribute to being bullied in certain situations. Future research is needed to examine influences of socio-economic, legal, and other demographic factors that may predict the chance of being bullied.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
Books on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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1948-, Tholen Jochen, ed. Euro-manager or splendid isolation?: International management--an Anglo-German comparison. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
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Barratt, Jonathan, Peter Topham, Sue Carr, Mustafa Arici, and Simon Liew, eds. Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198777182.001.0001.
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Written for the busy nephrologist and internist who need easy to access information on the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of patients with kidney disease, the Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology is presented in a way that is not only easy to read and digest but also is detailed enough to allow an in depth understanding of the complex mix of metabolic, immunological, and genetic causes of both acute and chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are rarely affected by disease in isolation; the book comprehensively covers the multisystem disorders that require a multidisciplinary approach, including the cardiological, rheumatological, haematological, infectious, oncological, and urological aspects of kidney disease. In parallel, it extensively describes the myriad multisystem complications of progressive chronic kidney disease with practical advice on how these should be investigated and managed. The importance of understanding the evolution of kidney disease in children and young adults is covered, as in many parts of the world there is no distinction between adult and paediatric nephrology. Therefore, it is important that nephrologists have a sound grasp of both paediatric and adult kidney diseases. The number of patients with advanced kidney disease treated with a kidney transplant or receiving dialysis is increasing in all parts of the world. All nephrologists will manage patients on dialysis or who have a kidney transplant and all internists will encounter these patients. Thus, it is imperative that they have an understanding of these treatments and the commonly encountered medical problems such patients experience.
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Tholen, Jochen, and Wilhelm Eberwein. Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation?: International Management - an Anglo-German Comparison. De Gruyter, Inc., 2017.
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Pirani, Tasneem, and Tony Rahman. Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0177.
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Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a medical emergency that may present with haematemesis and/or melena. An exhaustive history and careful examination aids in identifying the cause of bleeding and directing appropriate management. Validated scoring systems exist to guide the urgency of endoscopic therapy, although these should not be used in isolation, but in conjunction with complete patient assessment. The initial priority should be to resuscitate and stabilize the patient using the airway, breathing, circulation, and disability framework. Resuscitation should be guided by clinical and physiological parameters. Patients should be managed in an environment where vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, conscious level, and urine output are monitored at least hourly. Attempts should be made to correct coagulopathy. Specialist advice should be sought from haematologists for guidance on the most appropriate use of packed red cells and blood products. Over-transfusion should be avoided. Initiation of pre-endoscopy proton pump inhibitor therapy, in particular to avoid definitive endoscopic therapy, is not recommended. Diagnostic endoscopy and therapy should be conducted within 24 hours of presentation. Numerous endoscopic therapies exist—when epinephrine is used for local tamponade and vasoconstriction, application of dual modality treatment is recommended. In cases where endoscopic therapy fails or is not possible, radiological diagnosis, and embolization may become necessary. Occasionally, surgery is required for definitive treatment—close liaison with surgeons is therefore necessary, especially where initial endoscopy is considered suboptimal or re-bleeding occurs.
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Waller, James. A Troubled Sleep. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095574.001.0001.
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A Troubled Sleep: Risk and Resilience in Contemporary Northern Ireland revisits one of the world’s most deeply divided societies more than 20 years after a peace agreement brought an end to the Troubles. The book asks if the conflict, while perhaps managed and contained, has been transformed—structurally and relationally—into a win-win situation for both sides. It addresses this question by drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, comparative research, and more than 110 hours of face-to-face interviews with politicians, activists, community workers, former political prisoners, former (and sometimes current) paramilitary members, academics, journalists, mental health practitioners, tour guides, school teachers, museum curators, students, police and military personnel, legal experts, and religious leaders across Northern Ireland. The heart of the book analyzes Northern Ireland’s current vulnerabilities and points of resilience as an allegedly “post-conflict” society. The vulnerabilities are analyzed through a model of risk assessment that examines the longer term and slower moving structures, measures, society-wide conditions, and processes that leave societies vulnerable to violent conflict. Such risk factors include the interpretation of conflict history, how authority in a country is exercised, and the susceptibility to social disharmony, isolation, and fragmentation. Resilience is examined from a survey of the countering influences, both within and outside Northern Ireland, that are working diligently to confirm humanity by reducing or reversing these vulnerabilities. The book concludes by examining the accelerating factors in contemporary Northern Ireland that may lead to an escalation of crisis as well as the triggering factors that could spark the onset of violent conflict itself.
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Perrien, Mary, and Maureen L. O’Keefe. Disciplinary infractions and restricted housing. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0014.
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Misbehavior occurs within jails and prisons. It is generally handled by a formal disciplinary process. Symptoms and impairments associated with mental illness may play a role in such misbehaviour. One of the many concerns in correctional settings is the use of restricted housing units. Segregation units function as the prison within a prison. Designed for the dangerous and violent offender who cannot be managed safely within the general prison environment, segregation is characterized by single-cell confinement, with minimum time out of cell for showers and exercise (e.g., 5 hours per week). Other features include highly restricted movement, limited contact with others, and few privileges and services. Segregation has been criticized as an inhumane practice due to the degree of social isolation. Specifically, the lack of treatment, programs, and activities to engage the mind; restricted personal contact; lack of control over light and sound; lack of windows; and little or no access to the outdoors are considered to be more extreme than is required for the safe operation of prisons. The most significant issue is whether prisoners are able to psychologically adapt to the austere conditions for long periods, particularly those with mental illness. Because mentally ill inmates may be more prone to rule infractions due to manifestation of their illness, they are more likely to be segregated unless specific rules prohibit their placement. This chapter reviews segregation practices, the data on the potential impact of segregated housing on mental illness, and the role of psychiatry in the disciplinary process.
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Perrien, Mary, and Maureen L. O’Keefe. Disciplinary infractions and restricted housing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0014_update_001.
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Misbehavior occurs within jails and prisons. It is generally handled by a formal disciplinary process. Symptoms and impairments associated with mental illness may play a role in such misbehaviour. One of the many concerns in correctional settings is the use of restricted housing units. Segregation units function as the prison within a prison. Designed for the dangerous and violent offender who cannot be managed safely within the general prison environment, segregation is characterized by single-cell confinement, with minimum time out of cell for showers and exercise (e.g., 5 hours per week). Other features include highly restricted movement, limited contact with others, and few privileges and services. Segregation has been criticized as an inhumane practice due to the degree of social isolation. Specifically, the lack of treatment, programs, and activities to engage the mind; restricted personal contact; lack of control over light and sound; lack of windows; and little or no access to the outdoors are considered to be more extreme than is required for the safe operation of prisons. The most significant issue is whether prisoners are able to psychologically adapt to the austere conditions for long periods, particularly those with mental illness. Because mentally ill inmates may be more prone to rule infractions due to manifestation of their illness, they are more likely to be segregated unless specific rules prohibit their placement. This chapter reviews segregation practices, the data on the potential impact of segregated housing on mental illness, and the role of psychiatry in the disciplinary process.
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Alawi, Aws, Michael Reznik, and Jan Claassen. Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Neuroprotection. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0005.
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One of the main goals of monitoring neurologically ill patients is detection of secondary brain injury early enough to intervene to prevent permanent damage. In some patients with impaired levels of consciousness and those who require sedation, monitoring various brain physiologic parameters by invasive and noninvasive means has become an essential tool in the care of critically ill patients. Integration of multiple physiological parameters provides a more comprehensive physiological assessment of the injured brain and allows real-time, early detection of secondary cerebral injury and intervention to prevent permanent damage. Importantly, these modalities should be interpreted collectively and not in isolation in order to manage acute brain injuries, which are often complex and dynamic at the same time.
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Stafford Smith, Mark, and Julian Cribb. Dry Times. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098039.
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With knowledge from our deserts, Australians can reshape the human story. Dry Times: Blueprint for a Red Land provides new insights into how our desert environments and institutions work – and how this affects the people living in them, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal alike.
It shows that the desert offers solutions to the challenges of living in an uncertain and threatening age, teaching us new ways to live, manage scarce resources, and cope with climatic extremes, isolation and lack of water and energy. These lessons apply not only to remote regions, but also to cities and entire nations as humanity faces growing scarcity of vital resources.
With vivid examples drawn from Australia's desert life, outback people, animals and plants, Dry Times holds many positive lessons for our nation and humanity in a changing and resource-depleted world.
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Ballantyne, Nathan, and David Dunning, eds. Reason, Bias, and Inquiry. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197636916.001.0001.
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Philosophers and psychologists routinely explore questions about reasoning, inquiry, and bias, though typically in disciplinary isolation. This volume brings together researchers from across the two disciplines to present ideas and insights for addressing the challenges of knowing well in a complicated world. The volume is divided into four parts: how best to describe the conceptual and empirical terrain of reason and bias; how reasoning and bias influence basic perception of the physical world; how to assess knowledge and expertise in ourselves and others; and how people approach reasoning and knowledge among and about groups. Together, the chapters show what philosophers and psychologists can do together when they shine light on the challenges of reaching the truth and avoiding errors. Reason, Bias, and Inquiry is a multi-disciplinary meditation for readers who are awash in information but are uncertain how to manage it to make informed decisions.
Book chapters on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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Bağcı, Cahit. "The Impacts of Online Education on Ecology of Learning and Social Learning Processes." In Educational Theory in the 21st Century, 51–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9640-4_3.
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AbstractDevelopments in the IT sector and technological advancements around the world have forced educational systems to also change accordingly. Radically affecting the usual flow and order of economic and social life around the world, the global COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation have generated rapid changes. The ongoing process has revealed no previous preparations to have occurred or principles to have been designed for dealing with unforeseen circumstances in terms of matters ranging from internet infrastructure to technological equipment, digital educational tools, access to content, education managers, educators, students, and parents, digital literacy, and social learning environments. A future remodeling of social learning processes, particularly the role of school, ecology, and models of learning is predicted. Education is expected to become a hybrid system composed of face-to-face and online learning processes paralleling one another, whereas teaching is predicted to take place over digital platforms through different modules and software programs. Evaluation, accreditation, and certification are fully expected to take place digitally. Schools will be reshaped with a functional mission in mind, paying special attention to behavior, ethics, consciousness, values, culture, civilization, history, art, and sports; the development of skills, socialization, group work, and teamwork; social and psychological development; and analytical thinking. Rather than engaging in theoretical discussions, this article will tackle the predomination of digitalization and the effect of online education policies and applications on social learning processes as well as the ecology of learning. This article will present solutions, analyzing these matters regarding their pedagogical as well as problematic dimensions.
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Padigala, Bhaskar Shrinivasulu. "Traditional Water Management System for Climate Change Adaptation in Mountain Ecosystems." In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 9–32. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch002.
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The physical characteristics and geographical isolation of mountain ecosystems in Himachal Pradesh has contributed towards a practice of cooperation and development of traditional knowledge among local communities. Over the centuries these traditional knowledge has been used to manage resource scarcities and adapt to vulnerabilities by the local population for over many generations. This paper describes one of such traditional ‘Farmers Managed Irrigation System' (FMIS) practice, Kuhl, it's an open channel irrigation system to capture and transfer fresh snowmelt water from the glaciers to the agricultural fields in the valley. The characteristic of the local water management institution (structure, participation, process and governance) has been studied to understand their performance and success in managing water rights over the centuries. Lastly, the paper discusses the relevance of traditional water management against the backdrop of climate change, present status and issues related to the continuance of the Kuhl system and recommendations thereof.
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Virtanen, Pirjo Kristiina, and Lucas Artur Brasil Manchineri. "Amazonia Beyond Borders: Indigenous Land Protection for an Indigenous Group in Voluntary Isolation." In Bridging Cultural Concepts of Nature: Indigenous People and Protected Spaces of Nature, 169–99. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/ahead-1-6.
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This article looks at the land protection efforts by the Manxineru, whose lands are affected by numerous actors: state agencies, enterprises and transnational mega-extraction projects. We draw especially from the experiences, activities, and articulation of the Manxineru in protection of the land for the Yine Hosha Hajene (Mascho-Piro), their kin living in voluntary isolation, who circulate more in the Manxineru’s demarcated territory in the Brazilian-Peruvian border area. The article presents Manxineru’s key land protection practices that have been strengthening the social networks of different actors as a go-between with other Indigenous group and authorities of the dominant society, as well as managing better their own forest resource use, gathering economies, and hunting practices for healthy relations of human-environment assemblage. Indigenous knowledge and perspectives for the protection of ancestral land, beyond the borders of the state-set Indigenous reserves and protected areas, have become crucial in creating new governance models. By these methods, the Manxineru have managed to cope with differing economic interests and values in living that oppose and ignore their human-environment relationality and interactions. Yet, as we will point out, the mosaic of different Indigenous areas and conservation still need the implementation of state protective activities by a variety of governmental actors.
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"Acknowledgements." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-001.
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"Preface. International management in the light of the European Union." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation?, 1–2. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-002.
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"1. Regarding the research and conception of the examination." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-003.
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"2. The work and professional capacity of German and English managers." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-004.
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"3. Different aspects of the relations of English and German managers to the company, technology and the market." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-005.
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"4. The relationship of English and German managers towards politics and the society." In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-006.
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"5. Conclusion: Regarding the transferability of national models - What can German and English managers learn from each other?" In Euro-Manager or Splendid Isolation? Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110872231-007.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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Russell, Evan, Aaron Katz, and Bradley Pruett. "Achieving Zonal Isolation Using Automated Managed Pressure Cementing." In SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179186-ms.
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Dharma, Nyoman, and Julmar Shaun Sadicon Toralde. "Managed-Pressure Drilling and Downhole Isolation Technologies Deliver High Rate Gas Wells." In SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/114703-ms.
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Smith, Jeffrey, Lucas Rossi, Christopher Mehler, Jon Todd Eberhardt, Christopher Scarborough, Jacob Leemhuis, and Wael Essam. "Reclaiming the Operating Window: A Managed Pressure Cementing Workflow to Achieve Zonal Isolation Success in a Mature Field." In IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling & Underbalanced Operations Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206396-ms.
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Abstract Successfully cementing production casing strings is one of the main challenges of well construction in mature fields. The implementation of cementing best practices can be difficult in the narrow pore pressure-fracture pressure (PPFG) window associated with reservoir depletion and complex well architecture. The increased risk of losses can lead operating teams to compromise on these best practices, often jeopardizing the zonal isolation objectives. This can result in significant additional time, cost, and production deferral/loss. Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is a viable technique to address these challenges. Using the managed pressure drilling (MPD) system's capability to precisely control bottomhole pressure, coupled with the use of mud weights that are lower than conventionally needed can expand the PPFG window; enabling operating teams to achieve a higher success rate in meeting the zonal isolation objectives. This paper will offer an optimized design methodology and critical considerations and parameters for MPC operations. It will also briefly describe the primary applications of MPC and specific, unique design considerations associated with each, namely, (1) mud weight less than pore pressure (PP), (2) losses prevention, and (3) wellbore stability control. Lastly, it will provide a case history illustrating how MPC was used in one of the operator's mature fields, by giving an overview of the job engineering design process, the operational planning (inclusive of contingencies), and the key highlights and learnings observed during execution.
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Ezer, Enos Eben, Andi Pratama, and Fikri Irawan. "Combination of Light Annular-Mud Drilling and Downhole Isolation Valve for Drilling in Fractured Gas Reservoir, A Case Study." In IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling & Underbalanced Operations Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185278-ms.
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Smith, Eric, and Al Ferri. "Shock Isolation Through Translational-to-Rotational Energy Transference." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47766.
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The design of isolation mounts is of critical importance in the protection of structures and sensitive equipment from damage or failure. Simultaneous protection from both shock and vibration is particularly challenging because of the broadband nature of the input signal and because of the deleterious effect of damping on high-frequency isolation. Prior work by the authors has shown that chains of translating mass/spring elements can act as a “mechanical filter” for input disturbances. However, in finite-length chains, wave reflections can result in secondary pulses that hit the structure and can diminish the effectiveness of the isolator. In this paper, a new type of isolator is developed that converts translational input forces into a combination of translational and rotational motion. If designed correctly, the rotational motion can be managed so that it does not result in additional forces transmitted to the structure. In effect, the isolator is able to trap some of the input energy into rotational vibration, preventing it from reaching the structure. Parametric simulation studies are conducted as various system parameters are varied.
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Lau, C., A. K. Prasetia, L. Yun, S. Saidin, J. Goenawan, A. K. Kumar, M. Abshar Nor, and P. Jain. "Hydrostatically Underbalanced Managed Pressure Cementing Enables Zonal Isolation in Narrow-Margin HPHT Exploration Well." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186981-ms.
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Sanchez, David Salinas, Mario Noguez Lugo, Oscar Zamora Torres, Cuauhtemoc Cruz Castillo, Moises Muñoz Rivera, and Xavier Omar Alviso Zertuche. "Managed-Pressure Cementing in HPHT Well with Very Narrow Operating Pressure Window." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205622-ms.
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Abstract A 7-in. liner was successfully cemented in the south east region of Mexico at 7530 m MD despite significant pressure and temperature challenges. The entire 1,370-m, 8.5" open hole section needed cement coverage and isolation to test several intervals. The challenge of the ultranarrow working pressure window was overcome by using managed pressure cementing (MPC) along with lost circulation solutions for the cement slurry and spacer. Due to the narrow pressure window (0.05 g/cc density gradient), mud losses could not be avoided during the cementing job. To limit and manage losses, an MPC placement technique was proposed, in conjunction with using lost circulation fiber technology in the cement slurry and spacer. After addressing the losses and narrow working pressure window, the next main challenge was the extremely high temperature (Bottom hole static temperature of 171°C). Extensive lab testing provided the fluid solution: HT formulations for cement slurry and spacer to maintain stability and rheology for placement and management of equivalent circulating density and set cement properties for long-term zonal isolation. After the liner was run to bottom, the mud density was homogenized from 1.40 g/cc to 1.30 g/cc (pore pressure: 1.38 g/cc). During this process, 32.5 m3 of mud was lost to the formation. During the previous circulation, the backpressure required to maintain the equivalent circulation density (ECD) above pore pressure, which was calculated and validated resulting in 1,100 psi annulus surface pressure (close to the limit of the equipment capacity) during the stopping time. The cementing job was pumped flawlessly with only 10 m3 of mud loss at the end of the job. During reverse circulation, contaminated spacer at surface indicated no cementing fluid had been lost to the formation and adequate open-hole coverage. The liner was successfully pressure tested to 4,500 psi, and cement logs showed that the cement had covered the open hole completely. MPC is not a conventional cementing technique. After the successful result on this job and subsequent operations, this technique is now being adopted to optimize cementing in even deeper wells in Mexico, where losses during cementing operations in the past had modified or limited the whole well construction and designed completion, and production of the well.
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Savard, D. D. "An Innovative Approach to Pipeline Isolation and Monitoring." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2015.
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Pipeline companies continue to seek ways to improve the quality and efficiency of modifying and repairing pipelines. The focus is on improving the overall quality of the completed work, ensuring that all long term integrity issues are managed and that there will not be a need to return to the site. Many operators have found that when repairs or modifications were undertaken, failures occurred later causing environmental damage or situations where repeated work was required, both impacting landowners, public, customers and company profitability. Pipeline operators control and manage the construction of new pipelines to ensure that the highest quality standards are maintained. Over time these standards may be compromised due to the requirement for modifications and repairs. Procedures must ensure that there is a proper balance between cost and quality, as in many instances these two areas are directly related to one another. There is a continued focus on reducing overall costs and the number of fittings that are left on the pipeline after repairs are completed. This, combined with the increased regulatory focus on pipeline safety will challenge the industry. Operators have found from experience that fittings are a known source of problems. Operators continue to modify work procedures to reduce the number of fittings that are left on the pipeline. To date, reliability has been a major concern for operators when using internal pipeline isolation tools. The reliability of the first generation tools was compromised because they required large internal power sources, external controls and were very complex. With this new technology the reliability issue has been addressed. A new technology has been developed that will allow an operator to carry out maintenance and repairs that will leave the pipeline in virtually the same state as new construction. The PAPlug (pressure activated plug) isolation tool is designed to allow operators to enhance the repair process while reducing over all costs. The development of the PAPlug focused on the use of a reliable energy source for setting and releasing the isolation tool. The energy source was found within the pipeline itself in form of pressure and flow. The PAPlug has only three moving elements and is designed to be robust and reliable as there are no high maintenance seals, remote controls or large power requirements. All PAPlug operations use internal pipeline pressures which are readily available. The PAPlug can be operated multi-times per run allowing an operator to carry out a number of maintenance activities if required. The PAPlug transmits internal pipeline pressures and/or temperature information to an above ground receiver allowing the operator to monitor status before and during isolation activities. The PAPlug technology will allow the operator to select the optimum repair and modification process which include drain-up, pump around and nitrogen purge. The end result will be a repair that will leave the pipeline in new construction state.
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Kazakbayeva, Zhanna, Almas Kaidarov, Andrey Magda, Fuad Aliyev, Harshad Patil, Earl Dietrich, and Iain Cook. "Successful Implementation of Managed Pressure Drilling and Managed Pressure Cementing Techniques in Fractured Carbonate Formation Prone to Total Lost Circulation in Far North Region." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208508-ms.
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Abstract Drilling reservoir section in the oilfield located in Far North region is challenged with high risks of mud losses ranging from relatively minor losses to severe lost circulation. Numerous attempts to cure losses with traditional methods have been inefficient and unsuccessful. This paper describes implementation of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC) techniques to drill 6-1/8″ hole section, run and cement 5″ liner managing bottomhole pressure and overcoming wellbore construction challenges. Application of MPD technique enabled drilling 6-1/8″ hole section with statically underbalanced mud holding constant bottom hole pressure both in static and dynamic conditions. The drilling window uncertainty made it difficult to plan for the correct mud weight (MW) to drill the section. The MW and MPD design were chosen after risk assessment and based on the decisions from drilling operator. Coriolis flowmeter proved to be essential in deciphering minor losses and allowed quick response to changing conditions. Upon reaching target depth, the well was displaced to heavier mud in MPD mode prior to open hole logging and MPC. MPD techniques allowed the client to drill thru fractured formation without losses or gains in just a couple of days as compared to the months of drilling time the wells usually took to mitigate wellbore problems, such as total losses, kicks, differential sticking, etc. This job helped the client to save time and reduce well construction costs while optimizing drilling performance. Conventional cementing was not feasible in previous wells because of risks of losses, which were eliminated with MPC technique: bottomhole pressure (BHP) was kept below expected loss zones that provided necessary height of cement and a good barrier required to complete and produce the well. Successful zonal isolation applying MPC technique was confirmed by cement bond log and casing integrity test. Throughout the project, real-time data transmission was available to the client and engineering support team in town. This provided pro-active monitoring and real-time process optimization in response to wellbore changes. MPD techniques helped the client to drill the well in record time with the lowest possible mud weight consequently reducing mud requirements. The MPD system allowed obtaining pertinent reservoir data, such as pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients in uncertain geological conditions.
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Darmawan, Ganesha Rinku, Nathaniel Buntu Sangka, Surjanto Djoko Susilo, Julmar Toralde Shaun, Steve William Nas, Andi Eka Prasetia, and Sisworo Sisworo. "Integrated Downhole Isolation Valve And Managed Pressure Drilling To Facilitate Development Of Sour Fractured-Limestone Gas Reservoir In East Java, Indonesia." In SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/140267-ms.
Full textReports on the topic "Managed Isolation"
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Funk, David John, and David Lewis Clark. Hazards Associated with Legacy Nitrate Salt Waste Drums Managed under the Container Isolation Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167231.
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Merten, Martina, Susann Roth, and Fazilah Shaik Allaudin. Public Health Innovations for COVID-19: Finding, Trusting, and Scaling Innovation. Asian Development Bank, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200283-2.
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The public and private sector, civil society, and academic institutions have developed many innovative solutions to manage public health aspects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Innovators have focused on tools for surveillance, supply chain management, clinical trials, diagnosis, communication, and developing vaccines. These have been supplemented by research collaboration platforms, isolation and hospital upgrading novelties, as well as risk stratification resources. This paper provides an overview of these solutions to enhance the evidence-based application of innovative public health approaches. The author’s also propose that a “living platform” for sharing public health innovations is developed.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
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Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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Carrasquilla-Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo-Andrade, Gerardo Hernández-Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca-Olano, Carolina Soto, Roberto Steiner-Sampedro, and Juan José Echavarría-Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.07-2020.
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In Colombia, as well as in the rest of the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged the health and well-being of the people. In order to limit the damage, local and national authorities have had to order large sectors of the population to be confined at their homes for long periods of time. An inevitable consequence of isolation has been the collapse of economic activity, expenditure, and employment, a phenomenon that has hit many countries of the world affected by the disease. It is an unprecedented crisis in modern times, not so much for its intensity (which is undoubtedly immense), but because its origin is not economic. That is what makes it so unpredictable and difficult to manage. Naturally, its economic consequences are enormous. Governments and central banks from all over the world are struggling to mitigate them, but the final solution is not in the hands of the economic authorities. Only science can provide a way out. In the meantime, the economic indicators in Colombia and in the rest of the world cause concern. The output falls, the massive loss of jobs, and the closure of businesses of all sizes have become daily news. Added to this, there is the deterioration in global financial conditions and the increase in the risk indicators. Financial volatility has increased and stock indexes have fallen. In the face of the lower global demand, export prices of raw materials have fallen, affecting the terms of trade for producing countries. Workers’ remittances have declined due to the increase of unemployment in developed countries. This crisis has also generated a strong reduction of global trade of goods and services, and effects on the global value chains. Central banks around the world have reacted decisively and quickly with strong liquidity injections and significant cuts to their interest rates. By mid-July, such determined response had succeeded to revert much of the initial deterioration in global financial conditions. The stock exchanges stopped their fall, and showed significant recovery in several countries. Risk premia, which at the beginning of the crisis took an unusual leap, recorded substantial corrections. Something similar happened with the volatility indexes of global financial markets, which exhibited significant improvement. Flexibilization of confinement measures in some economies, broad global liquidity, and fiscal policy measures have also contributed to improve global external financial conditions, albeit with indicators that still do not return to their pre-Covid levels.