Journal articles: 'Man-made disaster'

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Marmot, Michael. "Man-made disaster." Lancet 391, no. 10116 (January 2018): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33322-6.

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Harding, Scott. "Man-made disaster and development." International Social Work 50, no. 3 (May 2007): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807076041.

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English The idea of disaster is usually associated with human suffering from natural events. However, human-made disasters caused by deliberate actions represent an equally important dimension of disaster. This paper analyzes Iraq as a human-created disaster, and suggests that social work play a role in responding to policies that produce disaster. French On associe habituellement la notion de 'catastrophe' aux souffrances de l'homme dé coulant d'é vé nements naturels. Toutefois, les catastrophes d'origine humaine causé es par des actions intentionnelles repré sentent une dimension tout aussi importante de ce phé nomè ne. Cette é tude envisage le cas de l'Iraq sous l'angle d'une catastrophe causé e par l'homme. Elle suggè re aussi que le travail social y joue un rôle en appuyant des politiques qui causent la catastrophe. Spanish La idea de desastre estáusualmente asociada con el sufrimiento humano en eventos naturales. Sin embargo, los desastres causados por humanos a travé s de acciones deliberadas representan una dimensió n igualmente importante del desastre. Este artículo analiza a Iraq, en tanto que desastre creado por humanos, y sugiere que el trabajo social desempeñe un papel en respuesta a las políticas que producen desastres.

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Elliott, Nick. "Ethiopia: Man-made Disaster." Economic Affairs 6, no. 1 (October 1985): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1985.tb01709.x.

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Mabbs-Zeno, Carl C., Graham Hancock, and Lloyd Timberlake. "Famine: A Man-Made Disaster?" African Studies Review 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524091.

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Mabbs-Zeno, Carl C., Graham Hancock, and Lloyd Timberlake. "Famine: A Man-Made Disaster?" African Studies Review 31, no. 1 (April 1988): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524589.

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Dokwal, Chandra P. "The Man - Made Healthcare Disaster." Pulse 8, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v8i1.28094.

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The Lancet. "Nepal: man-made disaster looms." Lancet 386, no. 10010 (December 2015): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01162-9.

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Iqbal, Badar A. "Famine: A man-made disaster?" Land Use Policy 3, no. 2 (April 1986): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90053-0.

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Dirkzwager, Anja J. E., Linda Grievink, Peter G. van der Velden, and C. Joris Yzermans. "Risk factors for psychological and physical health problems after a man-made disaster." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 2 (August 2006): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017855.

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BackgroundThere are few prospective studies on risk factors for health problems after disasters in which actual pre-disaster health data are available.AimsTo examine whether survivors' personal characteristics, and pre-disaster psychological problems, and disaster-related variables, are related to their post-disaster health.MethodTwo studies were combined: a longitudinal survey using the electronic medical records of survivors' general practitioners (GPs), from 1 year before to 1 year after the disaster, and a survey in which questionnaires were filled in by survivors, 3 weeks and 18 months after the disaster. Data from both surveys and the electronic medical records were available for 994 survivors.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographic and disaster-related variables, pre-existing psychological problems were significantly associated with post-disaster self-reported health problems and post-disaster problems presented to the GP. This association was found for both psychological and physical post-disaster problems.ConclusionsIn trying to prevent long-term health consequences after disaster, early attention to survivors with pre-existing psychological problems, and to those survivors who are forced to relocate or are exposed to many stressors during the disaster, appears appropriate.

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Reifels, Lennart, Michel LA Dückers, and Grant Blashki. "Examining the National Profile of Chronic Disaster Health Risks in Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000293.

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Introduction:Despite a longstanding focus on examining acute health impacts in disaster research, only limited systematic information is available today to further our understanding of chronic physical health risks of disaster exposure. Heterogeneity of studies and disaster events of varying type and scale compounding this challenge highlight the merit of a consistent approach to examining nationally representative population data to understand distinctive profiles of chronic disaster health risks.Aim:This epidemiological study examined the full spectrum and national profile of chronic physical health risks associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods:Nationally-representative population survey data (N=8841) were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables, exposure to natural and man-made disasters, and other traumatic events. Key outcomes included lifetime national chronic health priority conditions (asthma, cancer, stroke, rheumatism/arthritis, diabetes, heart/circulatory) and other conditions of 6 month or more duration (based on the World Health Organization’s WMH-CIDI chronic conditions module).Results:Natural disaster exposure primarily increased the lifetime risk of stroke (AOR 2.06, 95%CI 1.54-2.74). Man-made disaster exposure increased the lifetime risk of stomach ulcer (AOR 2.21, 95%CI 1.14-4.31), migraine (AOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.02-2.56), and heart/circulatory conditions (AOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.07-3.75). Multiple man-made disaster exposure heightened the risk of migraine (AOR 2.98, 95%CI 1.28-6.92) and chronic back or neck conditions (AOR 1.63, 95%CI 1.02-2.62), while multiple natural disaster exposure heightened the risk of stroke (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.90-5.67). No other chronic health risks were elevated. Despite the relatively greater chronic health risks linked to man-made disasters, natural disasters were associated overall with more cases of chronic health conditions.Discussion:The analysis of nationally-representative population data provides a consistent method to examine the unique national imprint of disaster exposure and distinct profile of disaster health risks to inform future detection, prevention measures, disaster health preparedness, and response planning.

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Kim, Eun Young, and Duck Hyung Jang. "Chronic psychological distrest and man-made disaster." Korean Association of Criminal Psychology 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25277/kcpr.2017.13.2.33.

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Pandve, HarshalTukaram, and BalkrishnaS Lanjewar. "Uttarakhand disaster: Is it natural or man-made?" International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management 1, no. 2 (2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2347-9019.128132.

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Shemer, Joshua, Ori Heller, and Jakov Adler. "Lessons from the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps' Experience in the Organization of International Medical Disaster Relief Forces." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039649.

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Natural and man-made disasters continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural disasters include earthquakes, storms such as hurricanes, floods, fires, drought. Man-made disasters include fires, explosions, chemical and radioactive releases, major transportation accidents, terrorism, and war. The effects of disaster include injury, death, damage to infrastructure, environmental exposure, population movement, and increased incidence of communicable diseases.

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Shahbaz, Sana. "Disaster Preparedness and Management in Pakistan: A Systematic Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002620.

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Introduction:Since its inception about 66 years ago, Pakistan has experienced a variety of both natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes in 2005 and 2015 and widespread flooding in 2010. Pakistan has also experienced a range of politically motivated violence, bombings in urban areas, as well as mass shootings. Such events generate a large number of casualties. To minimize the loss of life, well-coordinated prehospital and in-hospital response to disasters is required.Aim:To identify all the existing peer-reviewed medical literature on prehospital and in-hospital disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan.Methods:The search was conducted using PubMed and Hollis plus search engines in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The articles selected included articles on both natural and man-made disasters, and their subsequent prehospital and in hospital management. The following search terms and keywords were used while searching PubMed: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, mass casualty incident preparedness, disaster preparedness Karachi, and disaster management Karachi. To search Hollis plus, we used the terms: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Pakistan, mass casualty incident Pakistan, mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, and disaster preparedness Karachi. We selected only peer-reviewed articles for a literature search and review.Results:The reviewed articles show a lack of data regarding disaster management in Pakistan. Almost all the articles unanimously state the scarcity of planned prehospital and in-hospital management related to both man-made as well as natural disasters. There is a need for planned and coordinated efforts for disaster management in Pakistan.

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Jacuch, Andrzej. "Disaster response mechanisms in EU and NATO." Przegląd europejski 3 (October 17, 2019): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5842.

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The objective of this article is to identify, analyse and assess the European Union (EU) and NATO’s roles in international disaster response operations. The article adopts a broad approach and deals with mechanisms that could apply to so-called “natural” and “man-made” disasters. It considers instruments that may contribute to fulfil the rights of people stricken by disasters in Europe and beyond. The use of NATO’s disaster response capabilities has drawn limited attention in scientific literature so far. The main hypothesis stipulates that NATO provides added value in international disaster response in relation to the United Nations (UN) and EU actions. NATO with its transatlantic dimension and its military capabilities can assist when a stricken nation, its neighbours and/or other international organization(s) capacity or measures cannot cope with the potential negative consequences of a natural or man-made disaster. However, EU and/or NATO disaster response actions do not substitute a stricken country actions but complements their efforts in this area.

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Maskuriy, R., A. Selamat, K. N. Ali, P. Maresova, O. Krejcar, K. Kuca, and S. Mohd. "Man-made Disaster Prevention using Waste Management Hierarchy and Disaster Management Cycle." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 479 (July 14, 2020): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012004.

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Ferro, Giorgia. "Assessment of Major and Minor Events that Occurred in Italy during the Last Century Using a Disaster Severity Scale Score." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 5 (October 2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002776.

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AbstractIntroduction:Epidemiological research about disasters is difficult to perform. Most often, it must be completed retrospectively, since data collection may not be feasible or possible during the disaster.Now, there is a recognized need for a standard method to assess the severity of a disaster.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to assess the severity of the disasters that occurred in Italy during the 20th century, using a Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). Another goal is to find a standard method for the classification of previous disasters, test the feasibility and reliability of the use of the Disaster Severity Scale, and improvedisaster management and planning.Methods:Data were obtained from formal reports of the Civil Defence Unit (Italy) and were used to calculate the Disaster Severity Scale score. Disasters were classified into major and minor disasters, according tothe numbers of deaths and severity of the damage. The number of deaths was compared with the obtained Disaster Severity Scale score. A seasonal trend for different types of events was obtained to assess if there is a relationship between the type of event and the time of the year in which it occurred, as related to the weather conditions existing at that time.Results:There were enough data to calculate a Disaster Severity Scale score for 26 major events that caused death and economic damage, and occurred in Italy between 18 March 1944 and 11 November 1999, and for 82 minor events, that occurred between October 1982 and December 1999. There were some significant peaks varying from different types of events during particular seasons, but the cause for those with the highest incidence is not clear. Events related to natural hazards were the only type of event that reached the highest Disaster Severity Scale when considering the number of deaths, while no events associated with man-made hazards had a Disaster Severity Scale score >8.Conclusion:The Disaster Severity Scale score could be a reliable index for the assessment of events related to either natural or man-made disasters. Use of the Disaster Severity Scale allows researchers to classify previous hazards by scoring each disaster's severity. Further studies in other countries could be useful to further validate the Disaster Severity Scale.

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Lavin, Roberta Proffitt, Lisa Schemmel-Rettenmeier, and Molly Frommelt-Kuhle. "Conducting Research During Disasters." Annual Review of Nursing Research 30, no. 1 (October 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.30.1.

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The potential for man-made or natural disasters is a reality that exists within the confines of the global setting. Man-made and/or natural disasters, although devastating to the human population, offers researchers the ability to explore and advance current preparedness, response, and recovery practices. When conducting research, consideration must be given to the ethical treatment of vulnerable populations and the protection of privacy for those affected by the disaster.

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Takim, Roshana, Iffah Farhana Abu Talib, and Abdul Hadi Nawawi. "Quality of Life: Psychosocial environment factors in the event of disasters to private construction firms." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 11 (May 21, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.130.

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In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to construction firms’ operations. Disaster events causing stress, anxiety and depression among people which leads to lose of working days. This research reports on psychosocial environment factors to private construction firms in the event of disaster. A semi-structured interviews were conducted among six (6) construction firms and the data were analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that three (3) psychosocial environment factors (i.e., job characteristics; role in organisations; and social aspects) affected by man-made disasters; while job prospect and organisational factors distressed by natural disasters.Keywords: Man-made Disaster; Natural Disaster; Private Construction Firms; Psychosocial Environment FactorseISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.130

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Suraji, A. "Causal structure framework of man-made disaster in construction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 708, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/708/1/012067.

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Reifels, L., K. Mills, M. L. A. Dückers, and M. L. O'Donnell. "Psychiatric epidemiology and disaster exposure in Australia." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 03 (September 27, 2017): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000531.

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Aims.To examine the lifetime prevalence and risk of psychiatric disorders associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods.We utilised data from a nationally representative population survey (N = 8841) which were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to examine the full spectrum of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) affective, anxiety and substance use disorders associated with exposure to natural and man-made disaster.Results.Man-made disaster exposure was primarily associated with an increased lifetime risk (odds ratio (95% CI)) of alcohol abuse disorder 2.29 (1.56–3.37), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2.27 (1.36–3.79), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) 1.95 (1.08–3.51) and major depressive disorder 1.69 (1.01–2.85). Multiple natural disaster exposure was associated with an increased lifetime risk of panic disorder 2.26 (1.11–4.61). Among the broader disorder spectrum examined, alcohol abuse disorder accounted for the single greatest increase in lifetime disorder prevalence associated with man-made disaster exposure, and the greatest number of natural or man-made disaster exposed individuals who had developed a lifetime psychiatric disorder. Despite the relatively greater disorder risk associated with man-made disaster, natural disaster exposure was associated with more cases of psychiatric disorder, likely due to the frequency with which these events occur in Australia.Conclusions.Notwithstanding the inability to draw causal inferences from cross-sectional survey data, population-based analyses provide a comprehensive and consistent method to ascertain the population imprint of psychiatric disorder and disaster exposure. Mental health policy and services should be targeting a range of psychiatric disorders in disaster contexts in addition to the usual focus on PTSD and depression, including alcohol abuse, panic disorder and OCD. Despite the relatively greater disorder risk associated with man-made disaster exposure, the national burden of psychiatric disorder in natural disaster contexts is particularly high.

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Shyngle, Joseph A., and Joseph O. A. Sodipo. "Disaster Preparedness in Nigeria." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045040.

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The River Ogunpa flood disaster was an event which created difficulties from every conceivable angle and provided many of the problems to be experienced in disaster management generally. It should be emphasized that every state hospital should have a disaster plan so that one could assume that it is adequately prepared for major accidents. Some of the teaching hospitals in Nigeria have disaster plans. However, the mere presence of a paper plan did not guarantee that it was up to date, comprehensive and understood by all staff concerned, in some of the major disasters which recently occurred in Nigeria. This article highlights some of the major natural and man-made disasters in our country, the magnitude of the damage done, factors affecting the response of the nation to the disasters, as well as some of the major deficiencies in our disaster plans.

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Lee, Da Young, Joonho Na, and Minyoung Sim. "Psychological Reactions and Physical Trauma by Types of Disasters: View from Man-Made Disaster." Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 54, no. 3 (2015): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.3.261.

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Koduru, Suresh, Prasad Reddy PVGD, and Preethi Padala. "Integrated disaster management and smart insurance using cloud and internet of things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.6 (March 11, 2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.6.10777.

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Over a period of decades there are lot of frequent disruptions due to natural, man-made and technological disasters which are seriously effecting the society, environment and economy. Hence it is vital that an effective integrated disaster management must be defined by integrating various types of disasters for being equipped in real time to face disasters in an extremely short span of time. In this paper a framework for disaster management is defined based on cloud and internet of things. A disaster management use case is developed based on the defined framework by integrating natural and manmade disasters. Natural disaster events are integrated to derive the probable insurance claims based on historical data and for the insurance agencies to be equipped in the event of disaster. Manmade disaster events will alert the end users when disaster events are about to occur. Here heterogeneous devices and data are firmly integrated to monitor various disaster events at one stop.

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Heidari, Mohammad, Nasrin Sayfouri, Seyedeh Samaneh Miresmaeeli, and Ali Nasiri. "Analysis of the Man-Made Causes of Shiraz Flash Flood: Iran, 2019." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 5 (July 8, 2020): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000795.

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AbstractFlood is the most common natural hazard in Iran, which annually affects the environment and human lives. On March 25, 2019 in Shiraz-Iran, following a heavy rainfall, the occurrence of a flash flood caused an extensive number of deaths, injuries, and vehicle demolitions in a short time. Evidence suggests that man-made causes of the incident, including unsustainable urban development and lack of early warning services, have played a more influential role compared with its natural causes. This study has attempted to substantiate that understanding disaster risks, as the first priority of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030, directly impacts the decisions and actions of policymakers, local authorities, and the public. To provide more safety, mitigation, and disaster risk reduction, attention should primarily be paid on making a cultural paradigm shift through providing sufficient training in developing appropriate disaster risk perception in the community at large.

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Sharma, Aishwarya, and Sharon Mace. "Reviewing Disasters: Hospital Evacuations in the United States from 2000 to 2017." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000633.

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Introduction:Between 2000 to 2017, there were over 150 hospital evacuations in the United States. Data received from approximately 35 states were primarily concentrated in California, Florida, and Texas. This analysis will provide disaster planners and administrators statistics on hazards that cause disruptions to hospital facilities.Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate US hospital evacuations by compiling the data into external, internal, and man-made disasters thus creating a risk assessment for disaster planning.Methods:Hospital reports were retrieved from LexisNexis, Google, and PubMed databases and categorized according to evacuees, duration, location, and type. These incidents were grouped into three classifications: external, internal, and man-made. Both partial and full evacuations were included in the study design.Results:There were a total of 154 reported evacuations in the United States. 110 (71%) were due to external threats, followed by 24 (16%) man-made threats, and 20 (13%) internal threats. Assessing the external causes, 60 (55%) were attributed to hurricanes, 21 (19%) to wildfires, and 8 (7%) to storms. From the internal threats, 8 (40%) were attributed to hospital fires and 4 (20%) chemical fumes. From the man-made threats, 6 (40%) were attributed to bomb threats and 4 (27%) gunmen. From the 20 total reported durations of evacuations, 9 (45%) lasted between 2 to 11:59 hours, 6 (30%) lasted over 24 hours, and 5 (25%) lasted up to 1:59 hours.Discussion:Over 70% of hospital evacuations in the US were due to natural disasters. Compared to 1971-1999, there was an increase in internal and man-made threats. Exact statistics on evacuees, durations, injuries, and mortality rates were unascertainable due to a lack of reporting. It is critical to implement a national registry to report specifics on incidences of evacuations to further assist with disaster and infrastructure planning.

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Shaluf, Ibrahim M., Fakharul‐razi Ahmadun, Aini Mat Said, Sa’ari Mustapha, and Rashid Sharif. "Technological man‐made disaster precondition phase model for major accidents." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 11, no. 5 (December 2002): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560210453425.

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FUNABASHI, HARUTOSHI. "Why the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster is a Man-made Calamity." International Journal of Japanese Sociology 21, no. 1 (March 2012): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2012.01161.x.

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Rahman, F. "Save the world versus man-made disaster: A cultural perspective." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 235 (February 20, 2019): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/235/1/012071.

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Hussain, Sajjad, Saira Miraj, and Rani Saddique. "Social Work and Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v10i1.105.

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Pakistan is exposed to various natural calamities due to its geophysical condition and climatic changes. In addition, man-made disasters also pose a threat to human lives and properties which includes industrial and transport disasters including oil spills, civil unrest, wars and conflicts. Although it is not possible to stop or prevent natural disasters, but the negative impacts of natural disasters can be minimized through human efforts. The government of Pakistan has adopted participatory approach as part of its policy for disaster management. This research paper is based on the analysis of secondary data for reviewing the existing policies with emphasis on disaster risk reduction in pre and post disaster period. The paper concludes that participation of target community is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis. The article suggests that community should be meaningfully involved in disaster risk reduction efforts at the local level. In this connection the role of social workers is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis.

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Iacobucci, Dawn. "A Challenge within Macromarketing: Global Disasters." Journal of Macromarketing 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146719860212.

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This essay reflects on the burgeoning literature by marketing scholars in addressing various aspects of global disasters, from both natural and man-made causes. Marketing scholarship into elements of disaster management may be an example of a phenomenon in the “macro cross” posited by Peterson (2016). Disaster events are numerous and striking, with most comprising some element of consumption, hence, marketers might be well-poised to contribute to preparedness and recovery.

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Bitterman, Noemi, and Yoni Zimmer. "Portable Health Care Facilities in Disaster and Rescue Zones: Characteristics and Future Suggestions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 4 (July 13, 2018): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000560.

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AbstractIntroductionNatural and man-made disasters are becoming global concerns. Natural disasters appear to be growing in number and intensity due to global warming, population explosion, increased travel, and overcrowding of cities. In addition, man-made disasters do not seem to be diminishing.At disaster sites, an immediate response is needed. National and international organizations; nongovernmental, military, and commercial organizations; and even private donors enlist to provide humanitarian and medical support and to send supplies, shelters, and temporary health care facilities to disaster zones.ProblemThe literature is sparse regarding the design of portable health care facilities intended for disaster zones and their adaptability to the tasks required and site areas.MethodsData were collected from peer-reviewed literature, scientific reports, magazines, and websites regarding health care facilities at rescue and salvage situations. Information was grouped according to categories of structure and properties, and relative strengths and weaknesses. Next, suggestions were made for future directions.ResultsPermanent structures and temporary constructed facilities were the two primary categories of health care facilities functioning at disaster zones. Permanent hospitals were independent functioning medical units that were moved or transported to and from disaster zones as complete units, as needed. These facilities included floating hospitals, flying (airborne) hospitals, or terrestrial mobile facilities. Thus, these hospitals self-powered and contained mobility aids within their structure using water, air, or land as transporting media.Temporary health care facilities were transported to disaster zones as separate, nonfunctioning elements that were constructed or assembled on site and were subsequently taken apart. These facilities included the classical soft-type tents and solid containers that were organized later as hospitals in camp configurations. The strengths and weaknesses of the diverse hospital options are discussed.ConclusionsFuture directions include the use of innovative materials, advanced working methods, and integrated transportation systems. In addition, a holistic approach should be developed to improve the performance, accessibility, time required to function, sustainability, flexibility, and modularity of portable health care facilities.Bitterman N, Zimmer Y. Portable health care facilities in disaster and rescue zones: characteristics and future suggestions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):411–417

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Sharma, DO, Aishwarya, and Sharon E. Mace, MD, FACEP, FAAP. "Nursing home evacuations due to disasters in the United States over 22.5 years from 1995 to 2017." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 16, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2021.0393.

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A large and growing segment of the United States population resides in nursing homes. Many nursing home residents have multiple comorbidities, are unable to perform activities of daily living, and need assistance for their daily functioning. They are some of the most fragile and vulnerable members of the population. Disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. This makes it likely that disasters will strike nursing homes and affect their residents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of disasters in the United States that resulted in nursing home evacuations. There were 51 reported nursing home evacuations due to a disaster over 22.5 years between 1995 and 2017. Natural disasters were responsible for the majority of evacuations (58.8 percent) followed by man-made unintentional disasters (37.3 percent) and man-made intentional (arson) (3.9 percent). The single most common reason for evacuation was hurricanes (23.5 percent, N = 12) and internal fires (23.5 percent, N = 12). Water-related disasters accounted for nearly three-fourths of the natural disasters (hurricanes 40 percent, N = 12; floods, 33.3 percent, N = 10; total 73.3 percent, N = 22), then snow/ice storms (13.3 percent, N = 4). Of man-made disasters, over two-thirds (66.7 percent) were due to internal fires (internal fires, n = 12, 57.1 percent and arson n = 2, 9.5 percent; total N = 14, 66.7 percent). The highest number of evacuations occurred in Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, and Pennsylvania. This knowledge should enable nursing home administrators, disaster planners, public health officials, and others to improve preparedness for disasters that lead to nursing home evacuations.

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Maksimova, Anastasia S., Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Artem S. Lukyanets, and Evgeniya M. Moiseeva. "Methodological bases for assessing socio-demographic and migration consequences of man-made disasters." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 29 (May 18, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.24.

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The purpose of the research is to develop methodological bases and principles for assessing the socio-demographic (including migration) consequences of man-made disasters. A method of rapid assessment of possible outgoing migration flows that may occur in the event of a man-made emergency of various scales is proposed. The initial data for this method are quantitative statistical register data on housing stock and population, as well as operational data on the scale of destruction obtained using contactless methods of information collection. The author summarizes the legal acts regulating the work on prevention and elimination of consequences of man-made and other emergencies in Russia, as well as establishing the principles for assessing their consequences. The author proposes a rearrangement of the set of consequences of man-made disasters, including three main directions of the impact of emergency situations on various spheres: demographic (including damage to life and health, as well as the migration component), socio-economic, and natural and environmental. Indicators reflecting the consequences of the disaster have been developed for each of the

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McClain, Shanna N., Silvia Secchi, Carl Bruch, and Jonathan W. F. Remo. "What does nature have to do with it? Reconsidering distinctions in international disaster response frameworks in the Danube basin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 5, 2017): 2151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2151-2017.

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Abstract. This article examines the international policy and institutional frameworks for response to natural and man-made disasters occurring in the Danube basin and the Tisza sub-basin, two transnational basins. Monitoring and response to these types of incidents have historically been managed separately. We discuss whether the policy distinctions in response to natural and man-made disasters remain functional given recent international trends toward holistic response to both kinds of disasters. We suggest that these distinctions are counterproductive, outdated, and ultimately flawed, illustrate some of the specific gaps in the Danube and the Tisza, and conclude by proposing an integrated framework for disaster response in the Danube basin and Tisza sub-basin.

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Onyeneke, Cajetan Okechukwu. "Impact of disaster on access to records of National Archives of South East, Nigeria." Collection Building 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cb-12-2016-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of disaster and how it affects access to records of the National Archives of South East, Nigeria. However, the specific objectives are to: identify the types of disasters that occur in the archives of South East, Nigeria; ascertain the frequency with which the disasters occur in the archives; determine the relationship between disaster and access to records of the archives; find out the disaster prevention measures adopted by the archives; find out the disaster response and recovery plans available in the archives; and make recommendations for effective disaster prevention and control measures for the archives. Design/methodology/approach The research design adopted for this study is the survey method. Individuals constituted the respondents of the study. This design assisted in gathering accurate data of the given issues and also guided in discussing the findings of the study. The researcher adopted one technique in data collection. Questionnaire was used for primary data collection. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the staff of the National Archives. Findings The findings show that the most prevalent disaster experienced in the archives is power failure. There are occurrences of other man-made disasters in the archives such as stealing, vandalism, fire outbreak and water leakages. The only natural disaster they acknowledged that occurs in the archives is lightening strike. The effect of this disaster was found to be enormous as attested to by 90.9 and 75 per cent respondents in Enugu and Owerri, respectively. The respondents do not agree that natural phenomena such as earthquake/tsunami, volcanic eruption and landslides do constitute threat to records of the archives. Originality/value The events of disaster, in whatever shape or frequency, impede access to records of the National Archives of South East, Nigeria. Most of the disasters that affect the archives are man-made, but with the recent happenings around the globe – the global climate change – it becomes imperative to focus attention on eventual occurrence of natural disasters in the archives. In prevention, response and recovery plans, it is important that consideration is given to all areas likely to be affected by the disaster.

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Tambo, Ernest. "Improving Disaster Risk Reduction Preparedness and Resilience Approaches in Emergency Response Interventions in African Countries." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6031.

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<p>Increasing globalization, increasing intense urbanization and climate changes have been linked to communities’ hazards and disasters vulnerabilities reported across Africa. Less data and information are documented on national to community disaster risk workforce readiness and resilience capacity in emergency humanitarian crises interventions. The lack of coherent and integrated disaster risk analysis and preparedness, response and recovery programs implementation is a major challenged in the region for decades. This paper highlights natural and man-made emergency hazards and disasters nature and exposure, potential approaches in Africa context. Our findings showed that man-made disasters events were the most documented, uneven in their nature, pattern and trend of occurrence and exposure consequences over time. Emerging and re-emerging outbreaks (Cholera, Polio, HIV, Ebola, Influenza, Rift Valley fever and Meningitis) were the most common, followed by conflicts and hunger, floods and land-sliding disproportionately spread across Africa. We also documented differential inadequacies in effective community risk assessment to emergency management, weak community disaster risk knowledge and attitudes to poorly integrated mitigation and recovery strategies. Leveraging on digital and social media network platforms advances coupled with existing fire, emergency facilities and proven effective hazard/disaster response lessons learnt and experiences are resources in strengthening laboratory capacity and laboratory networks, scaling up proactive displaced people/refugee security and safety standards support and best practice. Strengthening the national Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SDRRF) stewardship and investment (2015-2030) implementation is crucial in improving evidence-based, robust, and effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) community-based programs, in ensuring emergency public health readiness and resilient response capacities and ownership strategies in Africa.</p>

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Hell, Konrad, and P. Pike. "Training of Physicians in Disaster Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044009.

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In disasters, every available physician and lay person alike is called upon to render help. Disaster medicine is a most demanding field because of its multidisciplinary nature. Specialties like anesthesia, general surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, opthalmology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, bacteriology, thoracic and vascular surgery, toxicology, radiology, and others are each separately and directly involved. Without specialized knowledge, no one physician is able to cope with all problems that may arise. Therefore, disaster management planning calls for adequate training and organizational preparations, with plans for the whole spectrum of possible catastrophes from man-made and natural disasters (e.g., floods, avalanches, fire, war, terrorism attacks; air, rail and high-way accidents; chemical catastrophes, irradiation, and radioactive fallout).

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S, Madhura, Disha D, Deepthi G, and Chinnitaha B. "Disaster Management Based on IoT Enable Monitoring Technique." June 2021 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jtcsst.2021.2.001.

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The disasters can be either natural or man-made. Control and management of disaster of any kind is possible in effective and robust way by the implementation of IoT in the system. The objective of implementing IoT into the disaster management system is the quick and effective recovery from the disaster. The various methods that can be deployed after the disaster is outlined through utilization of IoT. This paper gives an insight on the various methods that can be effectively used after the disaster using IoT. The existing techniques are very well monitored and has the ability to react to the situation as per needs, this paper significantly provides the contribution in analyzing these techniques for appropriate disaster management development block.

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Lang, Guido, and Raquel Benbunan-Fich. "The Use of Social Media in Disaster Situations." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiscrm.2010120402.

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Recent disasters highlight the importance of social media supporting critical information gathering and dissemination efforts by members of the public. Given that disasters pose unique challenges and social media are evolving rapidly, how can one compare the effectiveness of social media in different disaster situations? Drawing from prior work on e-participation, this article proposes a novel framework for social media use based on four key modules: selection, facilitation, deliberation, and aggregation. A comparative analysis of social media use following a man-made disaster (the 2007 Virginia Tech tragedy) and during a natural disaster (the 2009 Britain blizzard) exemplifies the value of the proposed framework. Future research can build on and leverage the present work by analyzing and incorporating additional cases on the use of social media in disaster situations.

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Nobles, Wade W. "Natural/Man-Made Disaster and the Derailment of the African Worldview." Journal of Black Psychology 39, no. 3 (May 21, 2013): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798413478066.

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Gulay, A. V., and V. M. Zaitsev. "Intelligent Model of Potential Risks in Emergence of Man-Made Disaster." Science & Technique 19, no. 5 (October 15, 2020): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-5-437-448.

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A man-made catastrophe is considered as an information display of catastrophic development of events in the management system, a peculiar projection of a man-made catastrophe on the information plane. The paper presents an intellectual model, considers dynamics and ranges of emergency changes in management system parameters, assesses potential risks and threats of catastrophe emergence. It has been shown that at the macro-structural level for semantic description of a catastrophe, it is quite effective to use a tree-like network of scenarios, which displays the conceptual scheme of the subject and problem areas of the catastrophe and is based on judgments of experts, their experience and intuition. This allows probabilistic methods to assess potential risks of a catastrophe using two quantitative indicators: risk (probability) level of phenomenon occurrence at a certain control point of time and the volume of the expected material loss. It has been suggested that for assessment of possible microstate the fuzzy logic should be applied for each critical object parameter, tolerance limits and functions of affiliation with the fields of fail-safe object functioning should be set by expertise, migration trajectories of relative parameter values should be monitored and terms of their forced return to the working field of regular functioning should be duly provided. Quantitative indicators having imprecise origin have been introduced in the intelligent model of potential risks to assess dynamics of catastrophe threat. One of these indicators is the expert level of catastrophe occurrence during migration of a group of abnormally dangerous parameters of a technical object. The time interval has also been considered which is measured from the current moment to the expected moment of catastrophe occurrence at the preset maximum permissible level of catastrophe threat.

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Ma, Haiyan, Yung-ho Chiu, Xiaocong Tian, Juanjuan Zhang, and Quan Guo. "Safety or Travel: Which Is More Important? The Impact of Disaster Events on Tourism." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073038.

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Tourism is making an increasingly considerable contribution to the sustainable development of world economy, but its development is susceptible to a series of disaster events. The impact of disaster events on tourists’ travel decisions is receiving ever-growing attention. In this study, disasters are classified into two categories: namely, natural disasters and man-made disasters. Among these disasters, earthquakes and terrorist attacks—as the most representative two types—are taken as research examples. By virtue of a difference-in-difference research method and online review data from TripAdvisor, multiple incidents that have occurred in different countries are systematically and comparatively analyzed for verifying the effects of catastrophic events with varying natures, frequencies, and intensities on tourism. The main findings are as follows: (1) both natural disasters and man-made disasters have a negative effect on the number of tourists and the tourist experience; (2) higher frequency and intensity of terrorist attacks may not correspond to tourism, and terrorist attacks exert a more influential impact on the safety image of tourist destinations; (3) compared with the scale and intensity of earthquakes, the frequency of earthquakes has a greater effect on tourism; (4) compared with terrorist attacks, earthquakes have a greater effect on the number of tourists.

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Onishi, Takashi. "Congratulatory Message." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0576.

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First, let me express my heartfelt congratulations to the Journalof Disaster Research (JDR) on its tenth anniversary. TheThird UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, heldthis year in Sendai, Japan, is the third of three UN conferencesin the last three decades all held in Japan. This is partlybecause Japan is one country often subject to natural disasterswith man-made disasters following them. It is also becauseJapan has historically attempted to reduce and prevent disasterdamage. Lessons in tsunami disasters mainly learned from the 1933Showa Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami and 1960 Chile EarthquakeTsunami were tested in the 2011 Great East Japan EarthquakeDisaster. Concurrent tsunami damage and man-madeproblems arising in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plantaccident were greatly exceeding anything predicted or imaginedand showed how Japan’s disaster reduction and preparednessefforts failed. In an ordeal on such an unprecedented scale, further lessonsmust be learned so that we may prepare better for impendinglarger disasters. Objectives of disaster research is to learn whatdisasters have to teach us scientifically and to find and proposemeasures that may help reduce disaster damage and help usimplement these measures. I believe that many researchers –particularly younger ones – now diligently and rapidly studyingin preparation for future disasters in view of what past researchmay have lacked. The results of their research should be channeledglobally into disaster reduction in Japan and elsewhere. As an international open-access journal, the JDR provides animportant forum for international research exchange in practicalways. It is my hope that the JDR will, on this occasion ofits tenth anniversary, continue to provide such a platform forwide-ranging leading-edge research, and that it will therebycontribute to building a society supremely resilient against disaster.

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Chikudate, Nobuyuki. "Beyond Natural Disaster vs. Man-Made Disaster Debates on an Explosion of a Nuclear Power Plant." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 12470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.190.

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Yu, Heng, Yimin Wang, Peiyun Qiu, and Jiacheng Chen. "Analysis of natural and man-made accidents happened in subway stations and trains: based on statistics of accident cases." MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201031.

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Sometimes subway stations and trains can be very crowded for large passenger flows. However, some stations and trains may be vulnerable when natural or man-made disasters happen, thus the safety of passengers and stuff is threatened. Therefore, it is meaningful to make a deep analysis to these disasters that may happen in subway stations and trains. By collecting cases of accidents include fire disaster, terrorist attack, flood, earthquake and stampede that happened in subway stations or on trains around the world, the causes, consequence and their own characters were analysed. Besides, some recommendations and beneficial measures aim to prevent these disasters mentioned above were also presented and discussed.

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Perera, Clifford. "Management of Dead in Mass Disasters: A Review of Sri Lankan Perspectives since 2004." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s147—s148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003297.

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Introduction:Sri Lanka has experienced a multitude of natural and man-made disasters during the last five decades. Man-made destructions were common during the 30-year-long conflict period. Though the local system in the country was able to manage the dead in such circumstances, the South-Asian tsunami in 2004 highlighted the limitations and deficiencies of the system that was in place to handle the management of the dead during major disasters. Though the first Disaster Management Act was introduced in 2005, it has no mentioning regarding management of dead in mass disasters. Inappropriate handling of the dead could hinder the establishment of the identity of the dead, loss of valuable forensic evidence, and dignified burial. Hence, the families could experience difficulties in calming insurances and inheritance, resulting in economic hardships. In this backdrop, the forensic community strongly felt the necessity of stipulating best practices in managing dead.Aim:To critically assess the measures taken to improve the standards of managing dead in mass disasters in Sri Lanka over the past 15 years.Methods:The process of drafting guidelines for management of dead was initiated with a series of consultative meetings with the Disaster Preparedness and Response Unit of the Ministry of Health, the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) and the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (IFMT) in collaboration with the College of Forensic Pathologists of Sri Lanka. A working group representing forensic and legal experts, military, police, fire brigade department, and disaster management were involved in drafting these guidelines. Further guidelines for the effective conduct of mass burials following mass disasters were also prepared and published in 2007.Discussion:Despite all these efforts the efficacy of managing dead in recent mass disasters is still far from satisfactory.

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Goniewicz, Krzysztof, Mariusz Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle, and Amir Khorram-Manesh. "The Impact of Experience, Length of Service, and Workplace Preparedness in Physicians’ Readiness in the Response to Disasters." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103328.

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With an increasing number of natural and man-made disasters, the need for preparedness in all levels of management is obvious. Among healthcare professionals responding to these emergencies, physicians are of particular importance due to their significant roles as leaders and frontline workers in minimizing morbidity and mortality of the affected population. This study analyses the preparedness of 549 physicians from all medical centers in Lublin, Poland to formulate their observations, suggestions, and recommendations concerning the improvement of the chain of response in disaster management. The results of this study show that the perceived preparedness of physicians for disaster management and response is not as high as it should be, and the majority of the respondents perceived their disaster preparedness insufficient. Training of physicians in disaster management and principles of disaster medicine is needed, by focusing on the specificity of rescue response to emergencies following disasters, and medical and non-medical aspects of the response with particular emphasis on a management approach covering all hazards.

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Liu, Qiang, and Zhen Zhen Yuan. "A Study of Storm Surge Risk Index System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2622.

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Natural disasters refer to casualties, property damage and social instability. Coastal urban areas with a high population density coupled with the construction of man-made structures are particularly subjected to storm surge hazards, which have become an increasingly urgent problem. In this paper, we try to set up a risk index system, including risk indicator, vulnerability indicator and prevention and mitigation capability index. Each of the risk components has large number of variables and quantities. Through displaying losses and characteristics of the four natural disasters, we put forward suggestions for better disaster mitigation. So that a better understanding of storm surges risk profile and early disaster warning measurement could be achieved.

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Shen, Weifeng, Libing Jiang, and Xiaojun He. "Precision Augmentation of Medical Surge Capacity for Disaster Response." Emergency Medicine International 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5387043.

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Background. In recent years, serious injuries associated with extreme climate, earthquakes, terrorism, and other natural and man-made disasters have occurred frequently throughout the world. A surge in medical demand that extends beyond local medical surge capacity in mass casualty incidents following major disasters is common. Materials and Methods. We reviewed and analyzed emergency medical rescue efforts after major disasters in recent years to elaborate the precision strategy of augmenting medical surge capacity for disaster response. Results. Precision augmentation of medical surge capacity for disaster response can be achieved through several measures. These include (1) release of internal capacity through precision launching or through upgrading the levels of response, (2) precision support for medical surge capacity from external efforts, (3) centralized response, and (4) altering standards of care. We should adopt precision augmentation of medical surge capacity according to the specific situation. Conclusions. Augmentation of medical surge capacity as a basic strategy can be used to achieve effective disaster response. In disaster response, due to the complexity of disaster medical capacity amplification, it is important to select the appropriate medical capacity strategy accurately according to the actual disaster situation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Man-made disaster'

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