Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammals – Scotland – History

Academic literature on the topic 'Mammals – Scotland – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammals – Scotland – History"

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Nikolic, Natacha, Paul Thompson, Mark de Bruyn, Matthias Macé, and Claude Chevalet. "Evolutionary history of a Scottish harbour seal population." PeerJ 8 (July 10, 2020): e9167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9167.

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Efforts to conserve marine mammals are often constrained by uncertainty over their population history. Here, we examine the evolutionary history of a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) population in the Moray Firth, northeast Scotland using genetic tools and microsatellite markers to explore population change. Previous fine-scale analysis of UK harbour seal populations revealed three clusters in the UK, with a northeastern cluster that included our Moray Firth study population. Our analysis revealed that the Moray Firth cluster is an independent genetic group, with similar levels of genetic diversity across each of the localities sampled. These samples were used to assess historic abundance and demographic events in the Moray Firth population. Estimates of current genetic diversity and effective population size were low, but the results indicated that this population has remained at broadly similar levels following the population bottleneck that occurred after post-glacial recolonization of the area.
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Huisman, Jisca, Loeske E. B. Kruuk, Philip A. Ellis, Tim Clutton-Brock, and Josephine M. Pemberton. "Inbreeding depression across the lifespan in a wild mammal population." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (March 15, 2016): 3585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518046113.

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Inbreeding depression is of major concern for the conservation of threatened species, and inbreeding avoidance is thought to be a key driver in the evolution of mating systems. However, the estimation of individual inbreeding coefficients in natural populations has been challenging, and, consequently, the full effect of inbreeding on fitness remains unclear. Genomic inbreeding coefficients may resolve the long-standing paucity of data on inbreeding depression in adult traits and total fitness. Here we investigate inbreeding depression in a range of life history traits and fitness in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Scotland using individual inbreeding coefficients derived from dense Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data (Fgrm). We find associations between Fgrm and annual breeding success in both sexes, and between maternal inbreeding coefficient and offspring survival. We also confirm previous findings of inbreeding depression in birth weight and juvenile survival. In contrast, inbreeding coefficients calculated from a deep and comparatively complete pedigree detected inbreeding depression in juvenile survival, but not in any adult fitness component. The total effect of inbreeding on lifetime breeding success (LBS) was substantial in both sexes: for Fgrm=0.125, a value resulting from a half-sib mating, LBS declined by 72% for females and 95% for males. Our results demonstrate that SNP-based estimates of inbreeding provide a powerful tool for evaluating inbreeding depression in natural populations, and suggest that, to date, the prevalence of inbreeding depression in adult traits may have been underestimated.
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Stanton, David W. G., Jacqueline A. Mulville, and Michael W. Bruford. "Colonization of the Scottish islands via long-distance Neolithic transport of red deer ( Cervus elaphus )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1828 (April 13, 2016): 20160095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0095.

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Red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) have played a key role in human societies throughout history, with important cultural significance and as a source of food and materials. This relationship can be traced back to the earliest human cultures and continues to the present day. Humans are thought to be responsible for the movement of a considerable number of deer throughout history, although the majority of these movements are poorly described or understood. Studying such translocations allows us to better understand ancient human–wildlife interactions, and in the case of island colonizations, informs us about ancient human maritime practices. This study uses DNA sequences to characterise red deer genetic diversity across the Scottish islands (Inner and Outer Hebrides and Orkney) and mainland using ancient deer samples, and attempts to infer historical colonization events. We show that deer from the Outer Hebrides and Orkney are unlikely to have originated from mainland Scotland, implying that humans introduced red deer from a greater distance. Our results are also inconsistent with an origin from Ireland or Norway, suggesting long-distance maritime travel by Neolithic people to the outer Scottish Isles from an unknown source. Common haplotypes and low genetic differentiation between the Outer Hebrides and Orkney imply common ancestry and/or gene flow across these islands. Close genetic proximity between the Inner Hebrides and Ireland, however, corroborates previous studies identifying mainland Britain as a source for red deer introductions into Ireland. This study provides important information on the processes that led to the current distribution of the largest surviving indigenous land mammal in the British Isles.
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Kyotani, Moe, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Hozuka Akita, and Soichi Arakawa. "Campylobacter insulaenigrae bacteremia with meningitis: a case report." BMC Infectious Diseases 21, no. 1 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06353-8.

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Abstract Background The bacterium Campylobacter insulaenigrae was first isolated from marine mammals of Scotland in 2004. Only one case of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans has been previously reported. Case presentation An 89-year-old Japanese man without dementia was admitted to our hospital, because he presented with a fever of 38 °C and weakness in right leg since 5 days. He had organized chronic subdural hematoma (CSH), and no history of pre-infection. At the time of admission, he had paralysis of the extraocular muscle, ataxia, and low manual muscle test score of the right side. He was suspected to have Miller Fisher syndrome; however, these symptoms improved without any treatment. On day 22 in the hospital, the patient presented a fever of 38.8 °C, left cranial nerve disorder, and hemiplegia. On day 25, the patient presented with signs of meningeal irritation; cerebrospinal fluid examination indicated an increase in the number of apocytes and a low glucose level. A contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the patient’s head indicated a contrast enhancement effect in his right meninges. The blood culture showed presence of spirillums; 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that the spirillums in the blood culture were Campylobacter insulaenigrae (C. insulaenigrae). We started treatment with meropenem for bacteremia and meningitis. When the symptoms improved, meropenem was replaced with ampicillin, based on the result of the drug sensitivity test. The treatment continued for 4 weeks. Conclusions We report the first case of meningitis caused by C. insulaenigrae bacteremia in humans, and the second clinical report of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans. The bacterial strains isolated from humans and marine mammals had different genotypes. This suggests that different genotypes could be responsible for differences in the hosts. Further case studies are needed to establish the reasons behind the difference in the manifestations of C. insulaenigrae infections reported so far.
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5

Plaxton, Lucy, Elisabeth Hempel, William A. Marsh, Roberto Portela Miguez, Isabelle Waurick, Andrew C. Kitchener, Michael Hofreiter, Adrian M. Lister, Frank E. Zachos, and Selina Brace. "Assessing the identity of rare historical museum specimens of the extinct blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) using an ancient DNA approach." Mammalian Biology, August 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00373-4.

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AbstractThe blue antelope or bluebuck (Hippotragus leucophaeus) is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until ca. 1799–1800. Disappearing only 34 years after it was described, it was the first large African mammal species to have become extinct in recent times. Therefore, current scientific knowledge of the blue antelope is limited to museum specimens. However, these are extremely rare and further complicated by uncertainties surrounding their taxonomic status due to morphological similarity with the closely related extant roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) and sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). A previous study found that only four (out of ten) genetically analysed historical museum specimens could be confirmed as Hippotragus leucophaeus. Here, we analyse a further five potential blue antelope specimens, two of which had been morphologically identified as blue antelope (one from the Natural History Museum (NHM) in London and one from National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh), plus an additional three specimens identified here as candidate blue antelope specimens (from the NHM). We find that only one of the five specimens can be genetically validated as Hippotragus leucophaeus, whereas the other four specimens were identified as H. equinus. Furthermore, using hybridisation capture, we generated two complete mitochondrial genomes for blue antelope specimens that were formerly known only from partial mitochondrial genomes. The diversity analyses including all newly generated genomes further confirm that the mitochondrial nucleotide diversity across this species was low.
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Books on the topic "Mammals – Scotland – History"

1

(Illustrator), Malcolm Appleby, ed. Scottish Mammals. Birlinn Publishers, 2007.

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Scottish Mammals. Birlinn, Limited, 2012.

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3

Richard, Lydekker. Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum, (Natural History): Part 4. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Proboscidea. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001.

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Richard, Lydekker. Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum, (Natural History): Part 1. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mammals – Scotland – History"

1

Lovegrove, Roger. "Killing in Scotland." In Silent Fields, 61–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520719.003.0005.

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Abstract In considering the extent of Man’s deliberate attempts to eliminate many species of our wildlife, no chapter of that story is more firmly etched in the national consciousness than the appalling destruction that was carried out in Scotland across relatively recent generations. The killing of some of the larger predators had been going on since the seventeenth century, but the wholesale persecution of a wider range of birds and mammals started no further back than 200 years or so, some 300 years after serious campaigns in England and Wales. Because the slaughter in Scotland occurred on such a scale, took place in the more recent past, and resulted in the loss of some species, it is relevant to examine it first, before considering the much longer history of organized killing in England and Wales.
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