Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mammalian tissues'
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1
Lee, Douglas P. "Glycerolipid metabolism in mammalian tissues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62649.pdf.
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Ng, W. L. "Carnosine and related peptides in mammalian tissues." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638320.
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Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine were found to be present in rat quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and pectoral muscles, and in spinal cord and brain. These dipeptides could not be detected in heart, lung, kidney, liver or testes. A method for the determination of carnosine and related compounds, using reverse phase HPLC, has been developed. A novel colorimetric method, based on the formation of a coloured complex with Cobalt (II), was also developed for the determination of carnosine. The distribution of carnosine synthetase and homocarnosine synthetase in rat spinal cord, brain or skeletal muscles was studied. Carnosine synthetase was also shown to be responsible for anserine synthesis. On gel-filtration, carnosine synthetase separates into two active fractions (Mr 250,000 and 120,000). Homocarnosine synthetase has a Mr of 115,000. A requirement by carnosine synthetase for NAD+ and glucose was confirmed. Pyridoxal-5-monophosphate effectively replaced the requirement for glucose; a hypothesis is presented to explain this. Ca2+ ions were shown to activate carnosine synthetase but not homocarnosine synthetase. Significant effects on carnosine and homocarnosine synthetase from rat brain and gastrocnemius were produced by 5'-AMP, 5'-cAMP, 5'-GMP and 3',5'-cGMP. Carnosine synthetase activity, both from rat brain and from gastrocnemius, was inhibited by α-alanine which was shown to be an alternative substrate to β-alanine resulting in formation of L-α-alanyl-L-histidine. Carnosinase and homocarnosinase were partially purified from brain and from gastrocnemius. Carnosinase has a M_r of 120,000 and 50,000 and was activated by dithioerythritol. Homocarnosinase has a M_r of 54,000. Carnosinase was insensitive to thiol compounds and a range of metal ions. Homocarnosinase was activated by Co^2+ ions and was inhibited by thiol compounds. The K_m for carnosinase and homocarnosinase was found to be 4.0 mM and 1.0 mM, respectively. Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine were shown to have no effect on hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, α-oxoglutarate, NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase.
3
Wong, Jason T. "The regulation of phospholipid metabolism in mammalian tissues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32037.pdf.
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Phillips, Sherlyn Louise. "Expression of mammalian cut in adult mouse tissues." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22792.
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The Drosophila Cut and mammalian Cut-like proteins contain a unique homeodomain and triplicated DNA binding regions, called the Cut repeats. The Cut proteins define a distinct class of homeodomain proteins with multiple DNA binding domains. In this project I investigated Cut mRNA expression in adult mouse tissues, using RNase and S1 nuclease mapping. Cut mRNA was found to be widely expressed in both adult mouse tissues and cultured cells. Actinomycin chase experiments indicated that Cut mRNAs have a short half-life. In addition to the Cut mRNA found in normal cells, another Cut mRNA species was detected in some tumor cell lines, including HOS (human osteosarcoma), RAJI and RAMOS (Burkitts lymphomas). These transcripts diverged in the region immediately after the Cut homeobox and were generated as a result of an alternative splicing or polyadenylation event. In this study I also cloned and characterized the murine Cut cDNA (mCut). Sequence comparison with the hCut revealed a high degree of homology especially within evolutionary conserved domains. However, there were two regions of sequence divergence, one between Cut repeat I and Cut repeat II and the other just downstream of the homeodomain. Domain swapping experiments revealed that the carboxyl terminal regions of both mCut and hCut function as active repression domains. Interestingly, the fusion protein containing mCut which diverges from hCut in a portion of this carboxyl terminal region acts as a much stronger repressor of transcription.
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Funnell, Simon Gordon Paul. "Mechanisms of colonisation of mammalian tissues by Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239726.
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Austin, Nicola Julie. "Localisation of ROMK protein in mammalian kidney and other tissues." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298966.
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Blanton, Cheryl Gay. "The Histopathological Effects of Ciguatera Toxins on Fish and Mammalian Tissues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1991. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227115/1/T%28S%29%2015_Blanton_1991.pdf.
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This study was initiated to examine the effects of ciguatera toxins on fish
tissues and to attempt to locate the binding site of ciguatera toxin in the
mammalian brain.
Previous studies indicated that ciguatera toxins produced
histopathological effects in mice (Coombe et al., 1987; Hassan et al.,
1991; Terao et al., 1988; Terao et al., 1989a). Capra et al. (1988)
examined the effects of ciguatera toxin on fish tissues, intestine and gill.
The tissues examined in this study were the liver, intestine and gill. The
initial toxin, supplied by Flowers (1989) produced histopathological
changes in the majority of tissues examined. Changes included
disruption to the gill epithelium, disruption to the epithelial layer in the
intestine and necrosis and glycogen loss in the liver. Later experiments
utilised toxins extracted by the author and those supplied by the
Professors Miller and Tindall from the Southern Illinois University.
These toxins produced no changes in the gill and very few in the
intestine. Changes in the liver included necrosis and complete loss of
glycogen.
Three species of fish used were, Pomacentrus wardi, Chromis nitida and
Dascyllus aruanus. The latter two species are planktivores, and P. wardi
is a browser. C. nitida was significantly more susceptible to the toxin
then P. wardi, according to the recorded death times.
The attempt to locate the binding site of ciguatera toxins in the mouse
brain was unsuccessful. Ciguatera toxin has been shown to have a nonspecific
affinity for IgG (Emerson et al., 1983). An
immunocytochemical method was used to try and locate the ciguatera
binding sites. A labelled avidin-biotin method was used (Guesdon et al.,
1979). Two methods of preservation were attempted, formalin fixed
and frozen sections. Methods of exposing the tissue to the toxin
attempted were, pre- and post-preservation for frozen sections and prepreservation
for the parafin sections.
8
Young, Kenneth William. "Modulation and mechanisms of histamine-induced inositol phosphate formation in mammalian tissues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361745.
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Hayes, Ruth Georgina Jean. "Neuropeptides in mammalian ocular tissues : comparative distribution, precursor processing and degradation studies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359072.
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Buttery, Lee David Keith. "Nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in healthy and diseased mammalian tissues : an immunochemical study." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363056.
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Lee, Shing Cheung. "Enzymatic reduction of sulphoxide-containing drugs by mammalian tissues and the intestinal microflora." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358859.
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Tunn, Ruth Elizabeth. "Expression of two-pore channels in mammalian primary cells and tissues, and their role in adipose tissue formation and function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c0b970d-6133-4752-987a-e21f6e2dc69c.
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Two-pore channels (TPCs, gene name Tpcn) have recently been identified as endolysosomal cation channels modulated by the potent calcium (Ca2+) releasing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). Gene knockout (KO) and RNA knockdown studies have implicated TPCs in fundamental cellular processes, including secretion, of insulin in pancreatic islets, and differentiation, of skeletal myoblasts and osteoclasts. Investigations of Tpcn1 and Tpcn2 mRNA expression have indicated widespread tissue distribution, but a lack of suitable antibodies has impeded study of the endogenous proteins. In this study, an anti-TPC1 antibody was purified from immune sera and used in immunoblotting investigations to demonstrate TPC1 protein expression in a wide range of mouse tissues, with highest expression levels observed in kidney, liver and adipose tissue. Endogenous mouse TPC1 was demonstrated to be glycosylated, with apparent differences in the extent of glycosylation in different tissues based on the indicated molecular weight before and after treatment with a deglycosylating enzyme, which may have implications for the functional regulation of channel activity. Given the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, an understanding of the molecular basis of glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue formation and function is an important scientific goal. Tpcn KO mice have been developed; in both Tpcn1 KOs and Tpcn2 KOs, impaired pancreatic β-cell Ca2+ signalling and reduced insulin secretion from the whole pancreas were demonstrated. However, the whole-animal phenotype has not been extensively researched. In this study, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were conducted in Tpcn KO mice. These indicated that glucose homeostasis was not significantly affected in Tpcn2 KOs or Tpcn1/2 double KOs (DKOs), and only mildly impaired in Tpcn1 KOs, despite the defects previously observed at the cellular and tissue level. In addition, body composition was investigated in Tpcn1 KO, Tpcn2 KO and Tpcn1/2 DKO animals using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance. Single Tpcn KOs were found to have lower adipose tissue levels as a percentage of body composition, while Tpcn1/2 DKOs were shown to have increased bodyweight but normal body composition. To investigate potential roles for TPCs in adipose tissue formation, Tpcn expression during adipogenesis was investigated using an in vitro multipotent mesenchymal stem cell line model of adipogenic differentiation. Tpcn2 mRNA levels were demonstrated by quantitative PCR to be transiently increased during the early stages of adipogenic differentiation, and cyclic AMP (cAMP) was identified as the factor that induced this upregulation. Lentiviruses were developed to express fluorescently-tagged TPCs, and overexpression of TPC2 was demonstrated to partially overcome the requirement for the cAMP-inducing agent in the medium used for the induction of adipogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that TPCs may play a role in the formation and/or function of adipose tissue.
13
Backer, W. S. "Distribution of, and compounds affecting, the enzymes of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in mammalian tissues." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635998.
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The physiological role of the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP as 'second messengers', prompted this study of the enzymes regulating their concentration in mammalian tissues. The biosynthetic enzymes adenylyl cyclase and guanylyl cyclase were considered as was also the degradative cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. In this present study, the tissues examined were rat kidney, liver, heart and brain. The results indicate that of the tissues examined kidney has the adenylyl cyclase of highest specific activity. The order of adenylyl cyclase specific activity was kidney > heart > brain > liver. Particulate guanylyl cyclase specific activity appeared to be high in liver, but the soluble form predominated in kidney. In contrast to the other tissue examined, brain showed high cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases activities. Kinetic properties of adenylyl cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase were investigated and the optimum pH was found to be 7.4 for both enzymes. The subcellular fractionation of kidney tissue revealed that both the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions had higher specific activities than did the nuclear fraction. This present study also concerned possible factors causing changes in the activity of adenylyl cyclase in crude extracts of kidney. The effect of the age of the animal, and of presence of metal ions such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Cu2+ were examined. Possible effects of other purine derivatives, including nebularine, Ap3A, and Ap4A were investigated and effects compared to those of forskolin, a known stimulator of adenylyl cyclase activity. A similar study of possible effects of extracts of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa (N.S.) was also made. The results indicate that adenylyl cyclase activity undergoes qualitative changes with age. Mn2+ and Fe2+ had no effect on the activity of adenylyl cyclase at either concentration. Co2+, examined at 1mM concentration only, also activated adenylyl cyclase significantly.
14
Khan, J. A. "Investigation of the functions and interactions of cyclic nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide-related enzymes in mammalian tissues." Thesis, Swansea University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539787.
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El-Athman, Rukeia [Verfasser]. "Computational analysis of circadian splicing events in human cancer cell lines and mammalian tissues / Rukeia El-Athman." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222029499/34.
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O'Rourke, Martin Gerard. "An investigation of the signalling pathways in mammalian tissues stimulated by an adenosine analogue and amphibian derived peptides." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393765.
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Broderick, Jennifer A. "Cooperativity in Mammalian RNA Silencing: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/548.
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Argonaute proteins are the core component of an RNA silencing complex. The human genome encodes four Argonaute paralogs –Ago1, Ago2, Ago3 and Ago4– proteins that are guided to target mRNAs by microRNAs. More than 500 miRNAs are conserved between mammals, and each microRNA can repress hundreds of genes, regulating almost every cellular process. We still do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gene expression. Although we understand many aspects of microRNA biogenesis and formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex, much less is known about the subsequent steps leading to target mRNA regulation.
Mammalian microRNAs rarely have complete complementarity to their target mRNAs so, instead of endonucleolytic cleavage by Ago2, microRNAs destabilize or repress translation of target mRNAs. Here I explored the functional limits of Argonaute proteins bound to their targets directly and indirectly through microRNAs in mammalian cells. I revealed the different abilities for Argonaute proteins bound at multiple sites in a target to generate cooperativity in silencing based on the extent of pairing between the microRNA and target mRNA. Further, I harnessed the endogenous microRNA silencing mechanism to repress an mRNA that is not a direct target of the microRNA by tethering the RNA-induced silencing complex to the 3´ UTR of an mRNA. This strategy allows tissue-specific gene silencing due to the limited endogenous expression profile of the recruited microRNA. Efforts made herein further our mechanistic knowledge of microRNA-induced gene silencing in mammalian cells and advance microRNA-based strategies toward treating human disease.
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Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan. "Role of maternally-derived hormonal factors and factors derived from extra-embryonic tissues in mammalian embryos during early organogenesis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339719.
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Ramasamy, Subramanian Krithika. "Discovery of cancer splicing and associated auto-regulatory networks through cross-species circadian analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573575402402962.
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Cloonan, Nicole, and N/A. "Sin1 and Sin1 Isoforms: An Investigation into the Biological Significance of a Novel Human Protein Family." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071102.150237.
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Stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) interacting protein 1 (Sin1) is a member of a recently characterized gene family, conserved from yeast to humans. The gene copy number is strictly conserved (one Sin1 gene per genome), and the protein may be expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues. The Sin1 family has been implicated in several different signal transduction pathways. Originally identified as a partial cDNA and candidate Ras inhibitor, recent functional studies have revealed interactions with an interferon (IFN) receptor subunit (IFNAR2), and the SAPK JNK. Interactions have also been described between the yeast orthologues and the phosphatidylinositol kinase
TOR2. Collectively, these data suggest that Sin1 has an important cellular role, and this study has investigated possible functions for this protein. As human Sin1 proteins have no paralogues within the genome, secondary structure homology was used to identify major domains within the protein. Four major domains within human Sin1 were deduced: an N-terminal domain containing a functional nuclear localization signal, a functional nuclear export signal, and a coiledcoil region; the conserved region in the middle that is likely to be a ubiquitin-like β-grasp protein binding domain; a Ras binding domain; and a pleckstrin homology-like domain that targets Sin1 to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts in vivo. Full and partial length EGFP constructs were used to examine the localization of human Sin1, and several isoforms derived from alternative splicing. All isoforms localized to the nucleus and nucleolus. Beyond this, Sin1α and Sin1ϒ had cytoplasmic staining, while Sin1 and Sin1β were also found at the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. Both the N-terminal domain and the conserved region in the middle were found to contribute to nuclear localization. Comparative genomic analysis between human, mouse, rat, dog, and chicken Sin1 genes revealed a number of conserved intronic regions, and the putative functions of these were predicted. Additionally, a putative promoter module within a CpG island and encompassing the transcription start site was predicted in all species. The human CpG island was found to have promoter activity in HEK293 cells. Using bioinformatics, genes that may be co-regulated with Sin1 were identified. These genes contained the Sin1 promoter module, and were found to co-express in large scale gene expression studies. Most of these genes were directly involved in the cellular response to pathogen infection, suggesting a conserved role for Sin1 in this pathway. Key biochemical functions of the Sin1 proteins were also identified, including the ability of Sin1 proteins to form dimers, and the ability of over-expressed Sin1 to induce apoptosis (mediated through the conserved region in the middle). Additionally, endogenous Sin1 protein levels were found to change following serum deprivation and hypoosmotic stress. Together, these studies have provided significant insight into the cellular role of Sin1, suggesting a role in inducing apoptosis as part of the IFN response to viral infection. The biological significance of the Sin1 proteins is discussed in the context of their predicted functions and the evolution of the protein family.
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Cloonan, Nicole. "Sin1 and Sin1 Isoforms: An Investigation into the Biological Significance of a Novel Human Protein Family." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367210.
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Stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) interacting protein 1 (Sin1) is a member of a recently characterized gene family, conserved from yeast to humans. The gene copy number is strictly conserved (one Sin1 gene per genome), and the protein may be expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues. The Sin1 family has been implicated in several different signal transduction pathways. Originally identified as a partial cDNA and candidate Ras inhibitor, recent functional studies have revealed interactions with an interferon (IFN) receptor subunit (IFNAR2), and the SAPK JNK. Interactions have also been described between the yeast orthologues and the phosphatidylinositol kinase TOR2. Collectively, these data suggest that Sin1 has an important cellular role, and this study has investigated possible functions for this protein. As human Sin1 proteins have no paralogues within the genome, secondary structure homology was used to identify major domains within the protein. Four major domains within human Sin1 were deduced: an N-terminal domain containing a functional nuclear localization signal, a functional nuclear export signal, and a coiledcoil region; the conserved region in the middle that is likely to be a ubiquitin-like β-grasp protein binding domain; a Ras binding domain; and a pleckstrin homology-like domain that targets Sin1 to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts in vivo. Full and partial length EGFP constructs were used to examine the localization of human Sin1, and several isoforms derived from alternative splicing. All isoforms localized to the nucleus and nucleolus. Beyond this, Sin1α and Sin1ϒ had cytoplasmic staining, while Sin1 and Sin1β were also found at the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. Both the N-terminal domain and the conserved region in the middle were found to contribute to nuclear localization. Comparative genomic analysis between human, mouse, rat, dog, and chicken Sin1 genes revealed a number of conserved intronic regions, and the putative functions of these were predicted. Additionally, a putative promoter module within a CpG island and encompassing the transcription start site was predicted in all species. The human CpG island was found to have promoter activity in HEK293 cells. Using bioinformatics, genes that may be co-regulated with Sin1 were identified. These genes contained the Sin1 promoter module, and were found to co-express in large scale gene expression studies. Most of these genes were directly involved in the cellular response to pathogen infection, suggesting a conserved role for Sin1 in this pathway. Key biochemical functions of the Sin1 proteins were also identified, including the ability of Sin1 proteins to form dimers, and the ability of over-expressed Sin1 to induce apoptosis (mediated through the conserved region in the middle). Additionally, endogenous Sin1 protein levels were found to change following serum deprivation and hypoosmotic stress. Together, these studies have provided significant insight into the cellular role of Sin1, suggesting a role in inducing apoptosis as part of the IFN response to viral infection. The biological significance of the Sin1 proteins is discussed in the context of their predicted functions and the evolution of the protein family.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Eichelberger, J. Michael. "Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism in Mammalian Pulmonary Tissue." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3981.
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent dietary hepatocarcinogen and may be a lung carcinogen when inhaled. To study the relative ability of lung and liver to metabolize AFB1, a susceptible (Swiss-Webster rat) and resistant species (Syrian golden hamster) were pretreated with inducing agents in order to identify specific AFB1 metabolizing enzymes in each tissue.
Analysis of AFB1-exo-epoxide (AFBO) formation, O-dealkynation assays, and protein immunoblots demonstrated that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A proteins were overexpressed in both the lung and liver of hamsters pretreated with 3-methylchyolanthrene (3-MC). Only CYP1A1 was expressed in the lung and there was no indication that this protein was involved in AFB1 activation. CYP1A2, on the other hand, was induced in the liver and this correlated well with both increasing protein activity and AFBO formation. It would appear that CYP1A2 is important in activating AFB1 in hamster liver.
Although the hamster is resistant as compared to the rat, AFBO formation was higher in both the lung and liver of the hamster compared to the rat. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) Yc subunits were detected in the lung and liver of both species but were not induced by the inducing agents used in these experiments.
Following intratracheal injections of [3H]AFB1, in the rat, specific activity was localized in the liver. Only a fraction of the activity was detected in the lung. Of four inducing agents used, only pretratment with phenobarbital (PB) showed increased AFB1-DNA binding in either lung or liver. This correlated with increased CYP2B1 protein levels in both lung and liver, as well as increased CYP2B1 activity and AFBO formation in the liver.
Cooxidation of AFB1 by purified prostaglandin H-synthase was shown to produce AFBO but microsomal fractions from rabbit lung and liver failed to show detectable levels of AFBO formation by this cooxidative pathway. Neither purified 5-lipoxygenase or cytosolic fractions from rabbit lung or liver showed detectable levels of LOX mediated cooxidation of AFB1 to AFBO.
These studies demonstrate that hamster resembles the human in regard to AFB1 activation in the liver, but that a different as yet unknown enzyme is responsible for hamster lung AFB1 activation. Further evidence that the rat is a poor model for human AFB1 metabolism was demonstrated with the fact that rat activates AFB1 with CYP2B1, a protein unknown in humans.
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Roberts, Andrew T. "Aerosol delivery of mammalian cells for tissue engineering." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-192655.
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Charles, Lara Nicole. "Culture of cells from mammalian tissue cryopreserved without cryoprotection." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2819.
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Leonavicius, Karolis. "Mechanical and geometric cues guiding early mammalian tissue development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6edd473c-dc5c-454e-bd60-596b8d354751.
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Mammalian development is one of the most complex biological processes, that is responsible for converting a single cell into a whole organism. Al- though, mechanical forces are expected to play profound roles during de- velopment, proving the role of mechanical and geometric cues has been difficult due to the lack of suitable experimental techniques. The thesis investigates the hypothesis, that mechanical and geometric cues are driv- ing the first two cell fate decision events. In order to test them and create a robust experimental framework, the first three chapters are dedicated to developing methodology based on three dimensional patterned hydrogels. The hydrogels were mechanically and biochemically characterised in high detail and then used as three dimensional moulds to shape developing tis- sues. This technique also made it possible to calculate mechanical forces, which could be estimated from hydrogel deformation and known elastic properties. Finally, to characterise the biological outcomes of mechani- cal tissue deformation a heuristic confocal image analysis technique has been developed and used to investigate developing mammalian tissues. Using the techniques it was possible to demonstrate, that the first cell fate decision is controlled by embryo geometry and the molecular mecha- nism involved a complex combination of Hippo pathway signalling and a sequence of cell polarisation. Similarly, the second cell fate decision was also found to be driven by tissue geometry and Hippo pathway signalling, although the precise biochemical pathway was less clear.
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Zoro, Barnaby James Henry. "Bioprocessing of mammalian cells for tissue engineering and cell therapies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446824/.
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It is envisaged that in order to achieve the stringent quality requirements of future human cell and tissue manufacturing processes, implementation of automated processing systems will be required. As automated systems are capable of operating at high speeds, throughput is likely to be constrained by sensitivity of cellular materials to mechanical stress. The effect of laminar capillary shear stress (pipe flow) on rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated. Initial studies showed that repeated exposure to high shear stress (>100 Pa) causes substantial cell damage, with surviving cells able to grow normally. A flow cytometry assay for cell membrane integrity was developed and exhibited high assay resolution, precision and speed. Further shear studies indicated minimal cell damage or loss in the shear stress range 5-25 Pa, with some evidence of cell damage at high shear stresses (35-75 Pa). Cell loss at very low shear stress ( 2 Pa) was attributed to surface adhesion. Manufacture of cell based therapeutics requires the generation and processing of concentrated cell suspensions. Volume mean cell diameter for rat aortic smooth muscle cells was measured to be 22.4 mum and enabled conversion between cell concentration and cell volume fraction in suspensions. Concentrated cell suspensions behaved as 'power law' (shear thinning) fluids and showed similarity with reported rheology of concentrated yeast and plant cell suspensions. Predictions based on literature values for oxygen uptake rate of mammalian cells indicated that oxygen depletion is likely to occur during processing of cell pellets and concentrates. Two semi-automated cell concentration protocols (centrifuge-resuspend) were developed and compared. Both protocols achieved cell volume fraction of around 0.3-0.4 (wet pellet) and the superior protocol exhibited intact cell yield of ~75%. Apparent loss of cells was mainly attributed to formation of large aggregates during concentration. A 'windows of operation' analysis was constructed to examine process feasibility in the context of experimental results. Three different processing scenarios were predicted to be feasible and it was shown that processing yield is a critical factor in determining overall process feasibility and manufacturing costs.
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Qing, Bo Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mechanical characterization of mammalian brain tissue and energy dissipative polymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119974.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The high incidence of traumatic brain injury due to adverse impact events ranging from head collisions to ballistic attacks has prompted significant interest in synthetic polymer gels capable of mimicking key mechanical properties of brain tissue. These so-called brain tissue simulants are valuable tools for developing protective strategies because they can serve as test media to evaluate new helmets or optimize robotic surgery techniques. However, the so-called "soft matter" employed to date for ballistic applications, such as ballistic gelatin and clay, are crude mechanical representations of brain tissue. Therefore, there remains a need for a class of tissue simulant materials that more accurately replicates the mechanical behavior of brain tissue under impact loading, specifically in terms of deformation resistance and impact energy dissipation. This thesis focuses on design and synthesis of hierarchically structured gels, and mechanical characterization of these compliant gels for comparison with mammalian brain tissue. In particular, we use impact indentation to explore how the impact energy dissipation response varies as a function of species for brain tissue, or as a function of molecular composition and structure for synthetic gels. We find that a bilayered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite system enables the decoupling of the material's deformation resistance and energy dissipation characteristics, and can be tuned to fully match porcine brain tissue. However, given that the top PDMS layer is highly adhesive, we investigate whether adhesion plays a significant role in modulating the energy dissipation response, which has important implications in the utility of the tissue simulant material for ballistic applications. With a separate bilayered PDMS composite system, we decouple surface adhesion from bulk viscoelasticity, and quantify their individual contributions to impact energy dissipation. Through these experimental studies, in addition to a finite element computational analysis, we establish fundamental design principles and provide new insights regarding mechanisms that govern the extent of deformation and energy dissipation in compliant polymeric materials. Finally, we extend the capabilities of our impact indentation technique by demonstrating a novel analytical approach to extract viscoelastic moduli and relaxation time constants directly from the measured impact deformation response, thus significantly broadening the utility of impact indentation. With conventional characterization techniques such as shear rheology, several challenges arise when the material of interest has stiffness on the order of 1 kPa or lower, as is the case with brain tissue, largely due to difficulties detecting initial contact with the compliant sample surface. In contrast, impact indentation does not require contact detection a priori, and thus can potentially be utilized as a more accurate tool to characterize the viscoelastic properties of a wider range of soft matter for diverse biomedical or engineering applications, not limited to brain tissue simulants. This semi-analytical approach enables future studies to extract viscoelastic properties of brain tissue and tissue simulant polymers with increased accuracy and spatial resolution, in the context of traumatic brain injury, protection, and recovery.
by Bo Qing.
Ph. D.
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Haruta, Masatoshi. "Induction of photoreceptor-specific phenotypes in adult mammalian iris tissue." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149686.
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Ginty, Patric J. "The supercritical processing of mammalian cells for applications in tissue engineering." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11919/.
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Conventional methods of combining mammalian cells and synthetic polymers for tissue engineering applications are frequently problematic. This is due to the incompatibility between the sensitive cell component and the harsh polymer processing environments required to form the desired porous scaffold e. g. high temperatures and organic solvents. This results in the necessity for an often inefficient and time consuming two step scaffold seeding process, whereby mammalian cells are added to a pre-fabricated polymer scaffold. High pressure or supercritical CO2 (scCO2) processing is a method of fabricating porous polymer scaffolds at ambient temperatures and without using organic solvents. When pressurised, CO2 becomes highly soluble in a variety of amorphous polymers such as poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) to produce a high viscosity liquid. Subsequent decompression causes the formation of gas bubbles that become permanent as the polymer vitrifies. Based upon technology at the University of Nottingham, we hypothesised that mammalian cells could be incorporated into poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffolds using a single step scCO2 process. This would not only make the process more rapid, but it would remove the inefficient scaffold seeding step required in most cell based tissue engineering strategies. Mammalian cells were subject to a range of high pressure CO2 and N2 processing conditions and assessed for cell survival. It was discovered that primary hepatocytes, meniscal fibrochondrocytes, myoblastic C2C12s and 3T3 fibroblasts could survive after exposure to both high pressure gases on a time and pressure dependent basis. Cells exposed to scCO2 for one minute were then assessed for both gene and enzyme function.Using a microarray, it was found that only eight genes (out of 9000) in murine C2C12 cells were significantly down-regulated when compared to untreated cells. Continued cell function was confirmed by measuring BMP-2 induced alkaline phosphatase activity as a measure of osteogenic differentiation in myoblastic C2C12 cells. Alkaline phosphatise activity was indistinguishable between untreated cells and cells exposed to scCO2 for one minute. Additional enzyme and receptor function was confirmed by measuring cytochrome P450 activity in primary hepatocytes after one minute of scCO2 processing. In the second half of the study, these short processing times were found to be sufficient to plasticise and foam porous PDLLA scaffolds. Therefore, cells were incorporated into the biodegradable PDLLA foams by pre-mixing the cell suspension with the polymer powder and exposing to scCO2. Subsequent decompression caused the polymer to foam with the cells trapped within the porous structure. Despite the presence of the plasticised PDLLA, cell survival was confirmed by both an Alamar B1ueTM assay and LIVE/DEADTM staining. Osteogenic differentiation on the scaffolds was confirmed by a stain and assay for BMP-2 induced alkaline phosphatase activity. Finally, a second generation processing piece of processing apparatus was designed that permitted mammalian cells to be passed into a pressurised vessel containing preplasticised PDLLA using a novel high-pressure CO2 injection system. This was made possible by constant optimisation of the high pressure apparatus and the introduction of a cell delivery valve. When injected at high pressures cell survival was found to be reduced when compared with previous experiments although this was likely to be due to the additional mechanical trauma caused by the injection process. Despite this, the live cell population was shown to retain its osteogenic differentiation capacity when induced with BMP-2. With further optimisation of the delivery method, cells may survive this process in sufficient numbers to suggest that it could be used as a method of seeding tissue engineering scaffolds in the future. This development could remove the limitations place on polymer processing time by the finite survival period of the cells, permitting tuning of the scaffold structure to suit the application. In summary, this study has demonstrated that mammalian cells can be incorporated into biodegradable PDLLA scaffolds using a rapid, one-step scCO2 process without the use of toxic solvents or elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the development of the high pressure injection system could allow cells to be incorporated during the fabrication step, removing the restrictions on polymer processing. This technique could be used for the rapid production of tissue cell loaded engineering scaffolds and other associated biotechnological applications where cells and synthetic polymers are combined, such as cell therapy and recombinant protein production.
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Casteilla, Louis. "Approche moleculaire du developpement du tissu adipeux brun au cours de l'ontogenese chez les bovins et ovins." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4247.
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Farmer, A. A. "The regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in mammalian cells in culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253071.
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Revell, Christopher. "Modelling physical mechanisms driving tissue self-organisation in the early mammalian embryo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276833.
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In the mammalian embryo, between 3.5 and 4.5 days after fertilisation, the cells of the inner cell mass evolve from a uniform aggregate to an ordered structure with two distinct tissue layers - the primitive endoderm and epiblast. It was originally assumed that cells differentiated to form these layers in situ, but more recent evidence suggests that both cell types arise scattered throughout the inner cell mass, and it is thus proposed that the tissue layers self-organise by physical mechanisms after the specification of the two cell types. We have developed a computational model based on the subcellular element method to combine theoretical and experimental work and elucidate the mechanisms that drive this self-organisation. The subcellular element method models each cell as a cloud of infinitesimal points that interact with their nearest neighbours by local forces. Our method is built around the introduction of a tensile cortex in each cell by identifying boundary elements and using a Delaunay triangulation to define a network of forces that act within this boundary layer. Once the cortex has been established, we allow the tension in the network to vary locally at interfaces, modelling the exclusion of myosin at cell-cell interfaces and consequent reduction in tension. The model is validated by testing the simulated interfaces in cell doublets and comparing to experimental data and previous theoretical work. Furthermore, we introduce dynamic tension to model blebbing in primitive endoderm cells. We investigate the effects of cortical tension, differential interfacial tension, and blebbing on interfaces, rearrangement, and sorting. By establishing quantitative measurements of sorting we produce phase diagrams of sorting magnitude given system parameters and find that robust sorting in a 30 cell aggregate is best achieved by a combination of differential interfacial tension and blebbing.
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Bussek, Alexandra, Erich Wettwer, Torsten Christ, Horst Lohmann, Patrizia Camelliti, and Ursula Ravens. "Tissue Slices from Adult Mammalian Hearts as a Model for Pharmacological Drug Testing." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-137634.
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Aim: Isolated papillary muscles and enzymatically dissociated myocytes of guinea-pig hearts are routinely used for experimental cardiac research. The aim of our study is to investigate adult mammalian ventricular slices as an alternative preparation. Method: Vibratome cut ventricular slices (350 μm thick) were examined histologically and with 2-photon microscopy for fibre orientation. Intracellular action potentials were recorded with conventional glass microelectrodes, extracellular potentials were measured with tungsten platinum electrodes and multi-electrode arrays (MEA). Results: Dominant direction of fibre orientation was absent in vertical and horizontal transmural slices, but was longitudinal in tangential slices. Control action potential duration (APD90, 169.9 ± 4 ms) and drug effects on this parameter were similar to papillary muscles. The L-type Ca-channel blocker nifedipine shortened APD90 with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4.5 μM. The IKr blocker E4031 and neuroleptic drug risperidone prolonged APD90 with EC50 values of 31 nM and 0.67 μM, respectively. Mapping field potentials on multi-electrode arrays showed uniform spread of excitation with a mean conduction velocity of 0.47 m ⋅ s-1. Conclusion: Slices from adult mammalian hearts could become a useful routine model for electrophysiological and pharmacological researchDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Bussek, Alexandra, Erich Wettwer, Torsten Christ, Horst Lohmann, Patrizia Camelliti, and Ursula Ravens. "Tissue Slices from Adult Mammalian Hearts as a Model for Pharmacological Drug Testing." Karger, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27744.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: Isolated papillary muscles and enzymatically dissociated myocytes of guinea-pig hearts are routinely used for experimental cardiac research. The aim of our study is to investigate adult mammalian ventricular slices as an alternative preparation. Method: Vibratome cut ventricular slices (350 μm thick) were examined histologically and with 2-photon microscopy for fibre orientation. Intracellular action potentials were recorded with conventional glass microelectrodes, extracellular potentials were measured with tungsten platinum electrodes and multi-electrode arrays (MEA). Results: Dominant direction of fibre orientation was absent in vertical and horizontal transmural slices, but was longitudinal in tangential slices. Control action potential duration (APD90, 169.9 ± 4 ms) and drug effects on this parameter were similar to papillary muscles. The L-type Ca-channel blocker nifedipine shortened APD90 with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4.5 μM. The IKr blocker E4031 and neuroleptic drug risperidone prolonged APD90 with EC50 values of 31 nM and 0.67 μM, respectively. Mapping field potentials on multi-electrode arrays showed uniform spread of excitation with a mean conduction velocity of 0.47 m ⋅ s-1. Conclusion: Slices from adult mammalian hearts could become a useful routine model for electrophysiological and pharmacological research.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Detzel, Christopher James. "Simulation and use of a centrifugal bioreactor for mammalian cell and tissue culture." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/c_detzel_061709.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 3, 2009). "School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Petris, Carisa Kay. "Identification and characterization of M cells in the mammalian conjunctiva." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4888.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 12, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ma, Teng. "Fibrer-based bioreactor systems in Mammalian cell culture and tissue engineering Human Trophoblast cells /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488188894442926.
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Holden, Simon John. "The measurement of the dielectric properties of mammalian tissue in-vivo up to 20.05 GHZ." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435754.
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Perry, Michael James Matthew. "An investigation into the distribution and role of tissue transglutaminase in the developing mammalian nervous system." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335794.
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Abd, Al-Sahib Hanady. "An investigation of the mechanism(s) of hyperoxia-induced cilial epithelial loss in mammalian bronchial tissue." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1613.
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Hyperoxia is an essential aid to life support in patients with severe respiratory failure. However, it is recognised as a contributor to the pathological consequences of oxidative stress including oxidative tissue damage, inflammation and cell death resulting in acute or chronic lung injury. The specific mechanisms behind this type of injury are still not completely understood. This study was undertaken with two main aims. Firstly, to evaluate the adverse effects of hyperoxia on the ciliary coverage using a novel large animal model. For the first time, an in vitro bronchus bovine tissue culture model was developed and used to quantify ciliary coverage loss over time. The protection role of antioxidant supplementation with α-tocopherol and ascorbate was also investigated. Secondly, the importance of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in hyperoxia-induced monolayer permeability was investigated using a human bronchial cell line (16HBE14o-) and the potential inflammation effects on bronchial tightness. Additionally studies were carried out in order to find out if antioxidant vitamin treatment can protect against or reduce these effects. Scanning electronic microscopy indicated that hyperoxia caused a time dependent decline (t½ = 3.4 d compared to 37.1 d under normoxia) in ciliary coverage (P < 0.0001). This was associated with an increase in the number of sloughed cells, many apparently intact, into the medium (p < 0.05). Several biochemical parameters were assessed to obtain evidence of oxidative stress caused by hyperoxia in this model including tissue damage (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, in the medium), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), DNA damage (comet assay used for the first time with primary bronchus culture), protein oxidation (OxyBlot kit) and antioxidant status (total glutathione). Antioxidant vitamins had a significant protective effect on the hyperoxia-induced reduction in percentage ciliary coverage (P < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in the bronchial permeability was shown characterised by a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) under hyperoxic conditions. The reduction of ZO-1 associated fluorescence (P < 0.01) is in compatible with the downregulation of ZO-1 expression assessed by RT-PCR. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-a concentration in the medium, as measured by ELISA, increased significantly (P < 0.001) under hyperoxia, and this was accompanied with a marked increase in the cytokine expression. However, the antioxidant vitamins E and C, partially reduced the impact effects of hyperoxia, both individually and in combination, whilst increases in ZO-1 expression and fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05), as well as the suppression of cytokine secretion and gene expression was modest. Use of these vitamins was not enough to reduce the epithelial permeability significantly compared to normoxia. The data implies that hyperoxia-induced damage to cultured bovine bronchial epithelium and the denudation of cilia over time with increased permeability was due, at least in part, to the decline in TJ protein expression and associated fluorescence intensity. The antioxidant vitamins vitamin E and C had partial protective effects against hyperoxia damage. However, additional studies are called for in order to further understand the possible associations between oxidative stress and inflammation caused by hyperoxia and tight junction proteins, also response to treatment with antioxidant individually or in combination.
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Prost-Avallet, Odile. "Caractérisation des activités stéroïdes sulfatasiques dans différents tissus humains et de cobaye." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2002.
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Wu, Pei-Jung. "CELL SURFACE COATINGS FOR MAMMALIAN CELL-BASED THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/104.
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The cell plasma membrane is an interactive interface playing an important role in regulating cell-to-cell, cell-to-tissue contact, and cell-to-environment responses. This environment-responsive phospholipid layer consisting of multiple dynamically balanced macromolecules, such as membrane proteins, carbohydrate and lipids, is regarded as a promising platform for various surface engineering strategies. Through different chemical modification routes, we are able to incorporate various artificial materials into the cell surface for biomedical applications in small molecule and cellular therapeutics.
In this dissertation, we establish two different cell coating techniques for applications of cell-mediated drug delivery and the localization of cell-based therapies to specific tissues. The first part of this dissertation establishes a membrane-associated hydrogel patch for drug delivery. The crosslinking of a grafted polymeric patch from a mammalian cell membrane is achieved through surface-mediated photolithographic polymerization. With the use of photomask, the formation of nanoparticle-loaded PEGDA hydrogel is controlled to deposit various geometric features on photoinitiator-immobilized surfaces. Through microarray patch patterning, we analyzed the influence of processing parameters on the accuracy of polymer patterning on a microarray. We then optimized the patterning approach for the formation of PEGDA patches on live A549 cells.
In the second part of this dissertation, we study the use of tissue-adhesive coatings to improve the retention of therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the heart following intramyocardial or intravenous injection. MSCs were coated with antibodies against ICAM1 to adhere to CAM-overexpressed endothelium present in the heart following MI. Through intramyocardial or intravenous delivery, we observe higher number of coated cells retained in the heart over uncoated ones, supporting enhanced affinity for the inflamed endothelium near the infarct. We correlate the detachment force of antigen-interacted MSCs by a parallel laminar flow assay with the density of ICAM on the substrate and the density of anti-ICAM on the MSC surface. MSC retention on CAMmodified surfaces or activated HUVECs was significantly increased on antibody-coated groups (~90%) under physiologically hemodynamic forces (< 30dyne/cm2), compared to uncoated MSCs (~20%). Moreover, a dramatic reduction of immune cell quantity was observed after intravenous injection, indicating the enhanced immunoregulatory efficacy by systemically delivering ICAM-adhesive MSCs to the site of inflammation.
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Amer, Ayman Salah-el-deen. "Cytoanalysis of pancreatic B-cells using an avian model, mammalian tissue culture and implications of antisense oligonucleotides transfection /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=474.
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Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2004.Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xiv, 192 p. including illustrations. Bibliography: p. 157-192.
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Levacher, Christine. "Controle de la differentiation adipocytaire au cours du developpement chez le rat." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077106.
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Almahbobi, Ghanim. "Evolution morphologique et fonctionnelle des tissus steroidogenes des gonades equines." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2018.
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Au stade du follicule preovulatoire, la granulosa qui presente tous les caracteres ultrastructuraux des cellules steroidogenes, serait capable de synthetiser les steroides, tout en gardant sa capacite d'aromatisation. Chez le male, deux types de cellules de leydig resultant de deux differenciations postnatales (puberte et age adulte) ont pu etre mis en evidence
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Walker, Callie Elizabeth. "Effects of Ractopamine hydrochloride are not confined to Mammalian tissue : evidence for direct effects of Ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2276.
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Lone, Yu-Chun. "Etude structurale du gene de la pyruvate kinase l et expression des sequences repetitives de type identificatrices id." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077107.
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Dainous, Francine. "Etude de la synthese et du metabolisme des composes a choline dans les cellules nerveuses en culture." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13146.
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Des cultures primaires de cellules du cns ont ete incubees avec de la **(3)h-ethanolamine, precurseur de la synthese de la choline et avec de la **(3)h-methionine, donneur de groupements methyles. Dans ces conditions, la synthese de phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, de phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine et de phosphatidylcholine a ete observee. Au niveau des composes hydrosolubles, la synthese de choline, de phosphorylcholine, de cdp-choline et d'acetylcholine a ete observee dans les neurones. L'incubation des cellules avec les analogues de la choline, la monomethylethanolamine et la dimethylethanolamine induit une modification de la composition en phospholipides membranaires et la formation des phospholipides correspondants, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine et phosphatidyldiethanolamine
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Tratner, Isabelle. "Etude de la methylation des genes codant pour l'albumine et l'alphafoetoproteine dans differents tissus au cours du developpement et dans des cellules d'hepatomes chez le rat : correlation avec l'expression genique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066651.
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Baron, Agnès. "Etude de genes contenant une homeobox chez la souris : caracteristiques structurales, analyse transcriptionnelle dans l'espace et dans le temps chez l'embryon et chez l'adulte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13033.
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La decouverte de l'homeobox: sequence d'adn, presente dans plusieurs genes jouant un role decisif dans la formation des structures de la drosophile et conservee dans des organismes aussi differents que les annelides, la souris et l'homme. Isolement de gene de souris contenant une homebox, en criblant une banque d'adn genomique. Six homeoboxes groupees sur une distance de 75 kilobases ont ete isolees, demontrant que la structure en complexes rencontree chez la drosophile et l'homme est conservee chez la souris. L'analyse de l'expression des homeo-genes a montre qu'elle etait restreinte a certains jours du developpement embryonnaire et a quelques tissus de l'adulte, specifiques pour chaque homeo-gene. Ceci suggere que les homeogenes pourraient avoir un role de regulation des mecanismes impliques dans le developpement embryonnaire