Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mammal fauna'
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Van, Pletzen Liezl. "The large mammal fauna from Klasies River." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51991.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The large mammal faunal sample, excavated since 1984 from the Late Pleistocene Klasies River main site, was studied. There are 27 species in eight genera represented. The bovids from the LBS member (110 000 years) and the Upper member (70 000 years) shows an increase in grazers relative to the fauna from the SAS member (100 000 years). This confirms previous research. The study of body part frequencies does not confirm the selective transport of the carcasses of larger bovids or that scavenging played an important role in the accumulation of the fauna. It is concluded that availability of marine mammals were the attraction of the locality and that all size classes of bovids were actively hunted and their carcasses returned to the site. KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Late Pleistocene, large mammal fauna, hunting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groot soogdier fauna van die Laat Pleistoseen vindplaas Klasies River main site, opgegrawe vanaf 1984, is bestudeer. Sewe-en-twintig spesies in agt genera is verteenwoordig. Die bokke van die LBS member (110 000 jare) en die Upper member (70 000 jare) toon 'n styging in grasvreters relatief tot dié van die SAS member (100 000 jare). Dit bevestig 'n vorige ondersoek. Die bestudering van ligaamsdeel frekwensies van alle groottes bokke bevestig nie dat selektiewe vervoer van groter bokkarkasse plaasgevind het nie, of dat aas 'n rol in die akkumulasie van die fauna gespeel het nie. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die teenwoordigheid van marine soogdiere die rede was vir die keuse van hierdie vindplaas was. Alle groottes bokke is doelbewus gejag en hulle karkasse is teruggebring na die vindplaas. SLEUTELWOORDE: Klasies River, Laat Pleistoseen, groot soogdiere, jag.
Tsubamoto, Takehisa. "The Pondaung mammal fauna : an analysis of a terrestrial mammal fauna in the latest middle Eocene of central Myanmar (Southeast Asia)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150841.
Full textNunami, Shin. "Developmental history of the peculiar "modern-type" mammal fauna of Miyako Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120670.
Full textTsujikawa, Hiroshi. "The Late Miocene Large Mammal Fauna and Palaeoenvironment in the Samburu Hills Area, Northern Kenya." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149118.
Full textMengulluoglu, Deniz. "An Inventory Of Medium And Large Mammal Fauna In Pine Forests Of Beypazari Through Camera Trapping." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612559/index.pdf.
Full textTeixeira, Lucas Manuel Cabral. "Tolerance towards wildlife in the Atlantic forest: an empirical test across ecological contexts and mammal specie." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-20092018-110212/.
Full textConflitos entre seres humanos e fauna silvestre emergem como desafios complexos, ameaçando o sustento de populações humanas e a conservação de populações de animais silvestres. Contudo, pesquisas sobre conflitos tradicionalmente abordam esses componentes separadamente e focam em espécies individuais ou similares, dificultando o entendimento mais amplo das conexões entre determinantes ecológicos e dimensões humanas dos conflitos. Neste estudo, desenvolvemos e testamos um modelo conceitual integrando componentes ecológicos e humanos dos conflitos, focando em três espécies - gambá, cachorro-do-mato e onça-parda. Investigamos os caminhos através dos quais o contexto ecológico (cobertura florestal) afeta experiências (contato e dano), e como tais experiências influenciam a tolerância à fauna por meio de crenças, emoções e atitude. Entrevistamos 114 proprietários rurais em 13 paisagens com diferentes proporções de cobertura florestal em uma região da Mata Atlântica e testamos nosso modelo usando equações estruturais do tipo Piecewise. Encontramos que: i. a cobertura florestal afetou negativamente a tolerância, mas apenas para a maior espécie; ii. a importância e os efeitos de diferentes experiências com a fauna sobre crenças e emoções variaram entre as espécies; iii. crenças e emoções influenciaram a tolerância, mas emoções negativas foram relevantes apenas para a maior espécie. Conflitos com espécies maiores podem então ser entendidos como desserviços providos por florestas, indicando a relevância de inserir os conflitos humano-fauna em perspectiva mais ampla, que considere as relações com serviços ecossistêmicos. Para algumas espécies, experiências positivas podem compensar os efeitos negativos dos danos a criações na formação do comportamento humano. Modelos como o nosso - que estruturem as relações entre os componentes ecológicos e humanos - podem ajudar a identificar pontos de alavancagem mais profundos e efetivos para melhorar intervenções visando a mitigação dos conflitos com a fauna
Terry, Ina M. "The Ohio Pleistocene Mammal Database (OPMDB): Creation and Preliminary Taphonomic and Spatial Analyses." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1377456136.
Full textCiocheti, Giordano. "Spatial and temporal influences of road duplication on wildlife road kill using habitat suitability models." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1835.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Urban growth and population growth led to the construction of a gigantic road network around the world. This network is responsible for several impacts on fauna, flora and the environment, such as road kill, isolation of populations, facilitating the establishment of invasive species, river siltation, among others. However, although road ecology has advanced recently, there are still many gaps on how roads affect fauna, as little is known about how effects of changing the structure of highways can modify animal-vehicle collisions. This study aims to evaluate some of the impacts of roads on species of medium and large mammals in fragmented and naturally heterogeneous landscapes. Using a functional group approach based on animal sensitivity to disturbance and displacement capacity, I set out to answer three questions, one in each chapter: 1) the contribution of various landscape indices to predict wildlife road kill; 2) highway duplication and the implementation of wildlife crossing structures alter animal road kill; 3) duplication of roads change the way fauna road kill is correlated with the landscape metrics. To answer the first and third questions, we have developed innovative methods combining road kill data with a multi-scale approach with landscape metrics involving quantity and distance of various landscape elements, such as natural vegetation, cerrado, water, forestry and sugar cane. This method proposed was derived from habitat suitability model, and proved very promising for estimating the probability of animal road kill. Each functional group of species responded differently to landscape elements. Distance and amount of vegetation has been more important to estimate road kill probability of more sensitive mammals, but the amount of sugar cane also contributed to these results. The proposed method is highly replicable and can be easily applied in other regions with other taxa. The second question was addressed in an analytical way, with a conventional hypothesis testing approach. We found that, in general, there was no significant difference between road kill before and after road duplication. However, when considering the functional groups, and even species, some changes were significant for both increasing and reducing road kill. We also found that the proximity of wildlife crossing structures to road kill records did not reduce the frequency of animal-vehicle collision, indicating that such mitigation measures may not have been appropriate to reduce animal road mortality. Finally, in the third chapter we have proposed a new approach to estimate the changes in animal road kill probability before and after duplication of highways. In this chapter we recorded an increase in the probability of road kill after duplication for generalist species with high mobility. The methods proposed here are easy to implement in several actions related to roads, both for seeking their structural improvement and for making them more sustainable for biodiversity.
O crescimento urbano e o aumento populacional levaram a construção de uma gigantesca malha rodoviária ao redor do mundo. Essa malha é responsável por diversos impactos causados sobre a fauna, meio físico e flora, tais como: atropelamentos, isolamento de populações, facilitação no estabelecimento de espécies invasoras, assoreamento de rios, entre outros. Entretanto, embora a ecologia de estradas tenha avançado recentemente, ainda existem muitas lacunas sobre como elas afetam a fauna, da mesma forma que pouco se sabe sobre como os efeitos da mudança na estrutura das rodovias podem modificar o atropelamento de animais. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar alguns dos impactos das rodovias sobre espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em paisagens fragmentadas e naturalmente heterogêneas. Utilizando uma abordagem de grupos funcionais baseados na sensibilidade à perturbação e na capacidade de deslocamento, me propus a responder três perguntas, sendo cada uma um capítulo: 1) qual a contribuição de diversos índices de paisagem para prever o atropelamento de fauna; 2) a duplicação das rodovias e a implementação de passagens de fauna alteram a taxa de atropelamentos dos animais; 3) a duplicação das rodovias altera a maneira que os atropelamentos de fauna são correlacionados com as métricas da paisagem. Para responder a primeira e terceira perguntas, desenvolvemos métodos inovadores combinando aos dados de atropelamentos, uma abordagem multi-escala de métricas da paisagem envolvendo quantidade e distância de diversos elementos da paisagem, como vegetação natural, cerrado, água, silvicultura e cana-de-açúcar. O método proposto no primeiro capítulo, derivado do modelo de adequabilidade de habitat, se mostrou bastante promissor para estimar a probabilidade de atropelamentos. Cada grupo funcional de espécies respondeu de forma diferente aos elementos da paisagem. Distância e quantidade de vegetação foram mais importantes para prever o atropelamento de mamíferos mais sensíveis, mas quantidade de cana de açúcar também contribuiu para os resultados. O método proposto apresenta alta replicabilidade e pode ser utilizado facilmente em outras regiões e para outros táxons. A segunda pergunta foi abordada de forma mais analítica, com uma abordagem de teste de hipótese convencional. Verificamos que, de modo geral, não houve diferença significativa entre os atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação da estrada. Entretanto, ao se considerar os grupos funcionais, e mesmo as espécies, algumas alterações foram significativas tanto para o aumento e redução de atropelamentos, conforme o foco da análise. Ainda neste capítulo verificamos que a proximidade das passagens de fauna aos atropelamentos não reduziu a taxa de atropelamento, indicando que tais medidas de mitigação podem não estar sendo apropriadas para reduzir a mortalidade por atropelamentos. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo propusemos uma nova abordagem para estimar as mudanças dos atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação das rodovias. Neste capítulo registramos um aumento na probabilidade de atropelamento de espécies depois da duplicação para espécies generalistas e com maior mobilidade. O uso dos métodos propostos neste trabalho são de fácil implementação em diversas ações relacionadas a estradas, tanto visando sua melhoria estrutural quanto para torná-las mais sustentáveis para a biodiversidade.
Brum, Fernanda Thiesen. "Integrando aspectos filogenéticos e funcionais na biogeografia da conservação de vertebrados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117879.
Full textRecent estimates show that current exticntion rates are much higher than the indicated by fossil records. The causes of this elevated rate are mostly result of human activities. The biodiversity crisis affects all scales and presents no political boundaries, the application of the theoretical and analytical framework of Conservation Biogeography and Systematic Conservation Planning becomes very useful to identify meaningful areas with high conservation value locally and globally. In addition to taxonomic diversity, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of biodiversity are also important components to preserve, and their loss implies not only on species number, but also loss of ecosystem services and evolutionary history. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate how impacts of human land use influences functional (related to extinction risk, Chapter 1) and phylogenetic (Chapter 2) distribution patterns, and how phylogenetic and trait information could be used to inform spatial conservation prioritization (Chapter 3). In the chapter 1 and 2 I found that the influence of land use on the biodiversity is not constrained to local and landscape scales, but has an effect at broad-scales too. Besides, I verified that land use impacts on phylogenetic and functional dimensions on macrogeographical scales. These results show a need of creating a broad scale planning for ocupation and management of areas intended to human activities. Current land use is a major threat to some lineages of amphibians (Chapter 1) and primates (Chapter 2), as for example Microhylidae and Atelidae respectively. That reinforces the need of phylogenetics approaches that identify which lineages are more exposed to human activities. We found low congruence between priority areas for maximize the conservation of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetics dimensions of biodiversity. The integration of the differnt componentes of diversity to conservation still is a chalenge. The mismatch of the conservation priorities across the different dimension highlights the necessity of an integrative approach to biodiversity conservation.
Leakey, Louise Nicol. "Body weight estimation of Bovidae and Plio-Pleistocene faunal change, Turkana Basin, Kenya." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249743.
Full textPagotto, Camilla Presente. "Recuperação da fauna durante a sucessão em florestas neotropicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-08012013-091308/.
Full textThis study aims at investigating fauna recovery during forest succession using two distinct approaches. In the first chapter, in order to identify the gaps and opportunities for advancing our understanding of this subject, we carried out a review of articles on succession in animal communities in neotropical forests, which were critically analyzed in relation to: (1) the study regions and study groups, (2) the quality with respect to the adequacy of the sampling design, (3) the observed patterns (diversity, biomass and structure), and (4) the theoretical basis. We found and analyzed 33 studies, which focused on a few wildlife groups, especially birds, mammals, and ants. In general, most studies are descriptive, with no explicit expectations about the patterns and mechanisms responsible for wildlife recovery, lack adequate sampling design, especially concerning the justification for the allocation of sampling sites with respect to confounding factors, and quantify succession into categories, which are often imprecise and arbitrary. The gaps identified in this review indicate the limitation of our current knowledge on the patterns and mechanisms associated with succession in animal communities in neotropical forests, which consequently implies in the lack of information for developing management and restoration plans for these forests. The second chapter refers to an empirical investigation on the recovery of small mammal communities across successional stages in a continuous area of Atlantic Forest. We verified the congruence of the observed changes in community richness, composition and structure with the expectations generated by the two main mechanisms proposed in the literature: (1) species replacement caused by trade-offs, associated with the gradient in net primary productivity and resource availability during succession, or (2) increase in diversity caused by the possibility of niche partitioning, associated with increased vegetation biomass and complexity, and increased resource diversity during this process. Although community richness, structure and composition were not influenced by succession, there was a change in the abundance of some species, with some increasing and others decreasing from younger to older forests. Our results indicate that the hypothesis on trade-offs is more plausible to explain the recovery of small mammal communities during forest succession
Nascimento, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues do. "Histórico oficial do comércio ilegal de fauna no Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2009. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2641.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The illegal trade of wildlife for human consumption or to supply the pets and adornment markets is historically widespread in Amazonia, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate this activity in that biome. This study assessed the history of the illegal trade in the state of Amazonas, from the records of arrest mined by the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) in Manaus / AM between 1992 and 2007. Data was obtained between February and December 2008 by checking files of the Division of Control and Supervision (DICOF) IBAMA / AM. accessed 818 records that represents for 49% of the sample period of 16 years. In total, 48974 animals were seized, 30276 being turtles, 16084 caimans, 1792 mammals and 808 birds. The number of individuals seized ranged from one to 4800 (mean = 50.4, SD = 279.5). Most animals were seized in the Purus river (n = 17334), Solimões river (n = 13940), Juruá river (n = 8528), in Manaus (n = 4330) and Negro river (n = 3156), in was seized one species of amphibian, two of snakes, two of crocodilians, eight turtles, 12 birds and 21 mammals. Podocnemis sextuberculata was the most frequent species with 13077 individuals seized. Four or five of the 46 species sold in Amazonia were considered endangered at a regional or national level, these species were jaguar (Phantera onca), puma (Puma concolor), margay (Leopardus wiedii) the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) and spider (Ateles belzebuth). The realization of this study is opportune to create a base to delineate the future of public policies for the conservation of wildlife in the Brazilian Amazonia.
O comércio ilegal de animais silvestres para o consumo humano ou para abastecer o tráfico de animais de companhia ou de adornos é historicamente intenso na Amazônia, mas poucos estudos foram realizados para avaliar esta atividade naquele bioma. Neste estudo foi avaliado o histórico do comércio ilegal de fauna silvestre no Estado do Amazonas, a partir de autos de apreensão lavrados pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA) em Manaus/AM no período entre 1992 e 2007. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2008, mediante triagem nos arquivos da Divisão de Controle e Fiscalização (DICOF) do IBAMA/AM. Foram acessados 818 autos de apreensão, correspondendo a 49% dos 192 meses compreendidos no período amostral de 16 anos. No total foram apreendidos 48974 animais, sendo 30276 quelônios, 16084 jacarés, 1792 mamíferos e 808 aves. O número de indivíduos apreendidos por auto variou de um a 4800 (média = 50,4, DP = 279,5). A maioria dos animais foi apreendida nos rios Purus (n = 17334), Solimões (n = 13940), Juruá (n = 8528), em Manaus (n = 4330) e no Rio Negro (n = 3156). Foram apreendidas uma espécie de anfíbio, duas de serpentes, duas de crocodilianos, oito de quelônios, 12 de aves e 21 de mamíferos. Podocnemis sextuberculata foi a espécie mais apreendida com 13077 indivíduos. Quatro ou cinco das 46 espécies comercializadas no Amazonas são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção biológica em nível nacional ou estadual, sendo estas a onça-pintada (Phantera onca), a onça-parda (Puma concolor), o gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii) o peixe-boi-amazônico (Trichechus inunguis) e o coatá (Ateles belzebuth). A realização deste estudo foi oportuna, visando contribuir para o balizamento futuro de políticas públicas para a conservação da fauna silvestre na Amazônia brasileira.
Brink, J. S. "The evolution of the black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou, and modern large mammal faunas in central Southern Africa /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1342.
Full textAdams, John Peter. "Parasites of feral cats and native fauna from Western Australia the application of molecular techniques for the study of parasitic infections in Australian wildlife /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040730.142034.
Full textLaidlaw, William Scott, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Effects of Phytophthora Cinnamomi on heathland flora and fauna of the Eastern Otway Ranges." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1997. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051111.121612.
Full textSilveira, Patrícia Batista da. "Mamiferos de médio e grande porte em florestas de Eucalyptus spp com diferentes densidades de sub-bosque no município de Itatinga, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-07042006-154033/.
Full textFauna studies in homogeneous forests for commercial plantation purposes are still incipient in the country. These reforestation areas present a few resources necessary to the maintenance of wild life, when compared to the native forests. However, understories present in these homogeneous forests can provide food, shelter, protection and the establishment of a favorable environment to animal movement thus, optimizing the use of these reforestation areas by the wild fauna. This study took place in the Horto Florestal de Itatinga, an area of mostly eucalypts forests (Eucalyptus ssp) and remaining fragments of native vegetation (semideciduous seasonal forests, savannah and riparian forests), located in Itatinga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. In order to verify if the presence and density of the understories in the eucalypt forests influence in the use of these locations by medium and large-sized mammals, three types of eucalypt environment were compared: a stand of eucalypt without understory, a stand of eucalypt with intermediate understory an a stand of eucalypt with dense understory. Each of these environments received 24 sand plots (tracking traps) containing alimentary baits (banana, bacon and salt), for the observation of the number of animal tracks in each one of them. Registry numbers, frequency of occurrence and the relative abundance of mammals species in each environment, throughout 15 winter days in 2004 (dry season) and 15 summer days in 2005 (wet season), were verified. In the eucalypt environment with dense understory record numbers were higher, and in the eucalypt environment with intermediate understory the richness of species was bigger. The chi-square test (χ2) showed significant difference in registry numbers among these three environments, as well as between winter and summer periods. Dietary categories of the mammals observed in these sites were verified, and most of the observed animals belonged to generalist species, and they were not so demanding concerning their habitat. Ten species of medium and large-sized mammals were found in these eucalypts environments all told. The collectors curve was not stabilized, indicating that there were still other species to be surveyed in these three environments with eucalypts. A qualitative survey of medium and large-sized mammals in the study area in general, was also carried out. For this purpose, direct and indirect records of the mammals, as well as the visualization of these animals, their tracks, feces, hairs, burrows and carcasses were observed. Local people were interviewed and one camera trapping installed. This survey took place throughout 75 days (between July, 2004 e April, 2005). Twenty-seven species of mammals were found in this survey, but the collectors curve was not stabilized too. Most of the animals observed in this study belonged to generalist species; but at least four species of carnivores (animals are more demanding concerning their habitat) were recorded. This study also accused the presence of eight endangered species in the Horto de Itatinga.
van, Woerkom Anne. "Ancient DNA from soils and sediments from the Krigstjärn area, northern Sweden : Preservation and detection of Holocene mammal sedaDNA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-127680.
Full textAbra, Fernanda Delborgo. "Monitoramento e avaliação das passagens inferiores de fauna presentes na rodovia SP-225 no município de Brotas, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-21012013-095242/.
Full textRoad Ecology is a new field of knowledge that emerged from environmental impact studies in natural areas due to the construction of linear developments, such as roads, highways and railways. Serious environmental problems linked to the construction of roads and highways have been analyzed worldwide, such as: dispersion of exotic species, hydrological cycle changes, microclimatic changes, the production of particulate material and noise, water and soil contamination, habitat loss, natural environments fragmentation, and road kill. Many studies have been conducted especially in North America and Europe resulting in mitigation measures such as fauna crossings for the reduction of road kill. These structures restore the connectivity between forests fragments and permeable matrices, the conservation of biodiversity and safety of users is taken into consideration when it is effective for the crossings of animals. Sao Paulo State has 81 fauna crossings in 14 different highways and, in particular, there was monitoring of 10 fauna underpasses, on the SP-225 distributed over 51 km. The section of the highway in the study cuts through the municipalities of Dois Corregos, Brotas and Itirapina. The purpose of this study was to compare the different structural types, new and old (present prior to the highway duplication licensing), with and without the presence of water and their effectiveness on medium and large-sized mammals usage of fauna underpasses. Three different types of fauna underpasses were monitored: square concrete underpass, Armco tube tunnels and a third type of open spam underpass. We also verified the influence of the landscape within 50 meters (buffers) surrounding the fauna underpasses studied. The monitoring was made utilizing digital video recording cameras and marble dust beds track stations, eight days a month, during one year, the sampling totaling 96 days. There were 800 crossings registered, 725 were exclusively for medium and largesized mammals, representing 16 different species. The species that most used the crossings were the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 435 crossings of the individuals, followed by the gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), with 94 individuals, and the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus ), with 52 individuals. The results were tested through the analysis of variance and Spearman correlation test. It was found that the presence of water is a highly significant factor for the fauna crossing (X2 = 236,5; p<<0,001). We detected no difference in the effectiveness of the three types of underpasses studied (ANOVA: F= 1.43, p= 0,255) although the type \"open spam underpass\" demonstrated greater diversity with the crossings of 15 different species. The low sampling number for the type of open spam underpass prevented the usage of the results in statistical tests; however a larger sampling would probably be able to show a greater success of this type of fauna underpass structure. It is possible that there had not been a difference in the number of crossings in round culverts and square culverts because these structures have on average the same size (2m x 2m in square underpasses and 2m in diameter in round underpasses). Maybe because medium and large-sized mammals don\'t have a preference for specific structural types between these two types of fauna underpasses. The analysis of the landscape in the surrounding areas of the highway showed that the cultures of orange and pasture were the prevalent matrices, but the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) was the only specie that responded to these types of matrices. The white-eared opossum was found frequently in landscapes surrounded by sugar cane and pasture. Analyzing the occurrence of the species studied in the fauna underpasses, we verified that crab eating fox and armadillo demonstrated a negative interaction with water (p= -0,72 e p= -0,62 respectively, Spearman test), whereas gray brocket, white eared opossum and spotted paca demonstrated a positive interaction with the presence of vegetation
Žolt, Horvat. "Helmintofauna slepih miševa (Mammalia: Chiroptera) na području Srbije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104813&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe helminth fauna of 127 individuals of bats on the territory of Serbia was analyzed. The host samples consisted of 12 bat species: Greater Horseshoe Bat(Rhinolophus ferrumequinumSchreber, 1774); Whiskered Bat (Myotis mystacinusKuhl, 1817); Alcathoe Whiskered Bat (M. alcathoeHelversen & Heller, 2001); Brandt ’s Bat (M. brandtiiEversmann, 1845); Lesser Mouse-eared Bat (M. oxygnathusMonticelli, 1885); Greater Mouse-eared Bat (M. myotisBorkhausen, 1797); Savi ’ s Pipistrelle Bat (Hypsugo saviiBonaparte, 1837); Common Pipistrelle Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774); Nathusius ’ Pipistrelle Bat (P. BathusiiKeyserling & Blasius, 1839); Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritusLinnaeus, 1758); Grey Long-eared Bat (P. austriacusFischer, 1829) and Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctulaSchreber, 1774). Host semples were collected from fifteen localities throughout Serbia: Deliblato sands, Zasavica, Valjevo, Belgrade, Paraćin, Đerdap, Bor, Beljanica, Kučevo, Boljevac, Zaječar, Zlot, Medveđa, Tara mountain and Ivanjica in the period between2001 and 2009. A total of 1642 helminth individuals (787 individuals of digeneans, 4 cestodes and 851 nematodes) were collected from the hosts, classified into 2 phylas, 1 subphyla, 3 classes, 3 subclasses, 1 superorder, 6 orders, 1 suborder, 7 superfamilies, 11 families, 9 subfamilies, 12 generas and 14 species. Fourteen parasite species were identified: Plagiorchis koreanus(Ogata, 1937), Mesotretes peregrinus(Braun, 1900), Lecithodendrium linstowi(Dollfus, 1931), Prosthodendrium longiforme(Bhalerao, 1926), P. chilostomum(Mehlis, 1831), P. parvouterus(Bhalerao, 1926), Milina grisea (van Beneden, 1873), Capillaria neopulchra(Babos, 1954), Molinostrongylus alatus (Ortlepp, 1932), Strongylacantha glycirrhiza(van Beneden, 1873), Physalopterasp., Litomosa ottavianii(Lagrange & Bettini, 1948), Rictularia bovieri(Blanchard, 1886) and Seuratum mucronatum(Rudolphi, 1809). The qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of the helminth fauna of bats were conducted in Serbia for the first time. Therefore all bat species can be considered new hosts for all recorded helminth species on the area of the country. Ninety-three (73.23%) individuals werefound to be infected with helminth parasites. The most numerous helminth species in total sample were P. koreanus, L. linstowiand M. alatus, which is also the most dominant. There is no evidence that the composition of helminth fauna depends on the sex ofthe host. However, some seasonal changes in quality and quantity of helminth community of the host are obvious.
Carvalho, Cristiano de [UNESP]. "Levantamento da fauna de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) e ocorrência de vírus rábico na Região de Araçatuba - São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94708.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A riqueza de espécies da fauna de morcegos e a ocorrência de vírus rábico foram avaliadas em área urbana (municípios da região de Araçatuba) e florestal (fragmento localizado no município de Valparaíso-SP), ambos localizados na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os morcegos da área urbana foram recebidos diretamente no laboratório de diagnóstico de raiva da UNESP - Campus de Araçatuba no período de 2006 a 2007. Morcegos da área florestal foram capturados mensalmente, no período de um ano de coletas em 2007, resultando em uma baixa diversidade de espécies. As amostras das duas áreas foram submetidas ao exame de diagnóstico de raiva, por meio das técnicas de imunofluorescência direta (IDF) e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. Foram analisados 968 morcegos pertencentes a quatro famílias, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae. Os morcegos observados em ambas as áreas no período de 2007 resultaram em uma similaridade na composição das espécies representada pela família Phyllostomidae. Morcegos da família Molossidae foram registrados na sua maioria em áreas urbanas, observando-se somente uma espécie no fragmento Florestal. A taxa de positividade na área urbana no período de 2006 a 2007 foi de 0,72%, inferior à média registrada em estudos anteriores, sendo os casos positivos em morcegos de hábito alimentar frugívoro e insetívoro. Todos os morcegos da área florestal foram negativos para o diagnóstico da raiva. O estudo pode contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade de morcegos e a epidemiologia da raiva na região.
The species richness of bat fauna and the ocurrence of rabies virus were studied in urban (municipal districts from Araçatuba region) and natural (forest fragment in Valparaiso town) environments, both located in the Northwestern Sao Paulo State. Bats from the natural forest were collected with mist nets in four different areas: forest, boarding areas, natural clearings in the woods and areas close to water and food sources. Urban samples were composed by bats, sent to UNESP Rabies Laboratory, for rabies virus research by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). A total of 968 bats belonging to four families, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae, were analyzed. The results obtained from both areas showed a closed similarity in the composition of species and some particularities in the distribution of species according to trophic guilds in bats from Phyllostomidae family. Most of bats from the Molossidade family were recorded in urban areas, with only one species in the forest fragment. Considering all samples, 0,72% was rabies positive, a lower index compared to the mean index registered in the last years. All the positive cases occurred in frugivorous and insectivorous bats. This study was important to improve the knowlegment of bat diversity and rabies epidemiology in this specific region.
Carvalho, Cristiano de. "Levantamento da fauna de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) e ocorrência de vírus rábico na Região de Araçatuba - São Paulo, Brasil /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94708.
Full textBanca: Wagner André Pedro
Banca: Wilson Uieda
Resumo: A riqueza de espécies da fauna de morcegos e a ocorrência de vírus rábico foram avaliadas em área urbana (municípios da região de Araçatuba) e florestal (fragmento localizado no município de Valparaíso-SP), ambos localizados na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os morcegos da área urbana foram recebidos diretamente no laboratório de diagnóstico de raiva da UNESP - Campus de Araçatuba no período de 2006 a 2007. Morcegos da área florestal foram capturados mensalmente, no período de um ano de coletas em 2007, resultando em uma baixa diversidade de espécies. As amostras das duas áreas foram submetidas ao exame de diagnóstico de raiva, por meio das técnicas de imunofluorescência direta (IDF) e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. Foram analisados 968 morcegos pertencentes a quatro famílias, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae. Os morcegos observados em ambas as áreas no período de 2007 resultaram em uma similaridade na composição das espécies representada pela família Phyllostomidae. Morcegos da família Molossidae foram registrados na sua maioria em áreas urbanas, observando-se somente uma espécie no fragmento Florestal. A taxa de positividade na área urbana no período de 2006 a 2007 foi de 0,72%, inferior à média registrada em estudos anteriores, sendo os casos positivos em morcegos de hábito alimentar frugívoro e insetívoro. Todos os morcegos da área florestal foram negativos para o diagnóstico da raiva. O estudo pode contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade de morcegos e a epidemiologia da raiva na região.
Abstract: The species richness of bat fauna and the ocurrence of rabies virus were studied in urban (municipal districts from Araçatuba region) and natural (forest fragment in Valparaiso town) environments, both located in the Northwestern Sao Paulo State. Bats from the natural forest were collected with mist nets in four different areas: forest, boarding areas, natural clearings in the woods and areas close to water and food sources. Urban samples were composed by bats, sent to UNESP Rabies Laboratory, for rabies virus research by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). A total of 968 bats belonging to four families, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae, were analyzed. The results obtained from both areas showed a closed similarity in the composition of species and some particularities in the distribution of species according to trophic guilds in bats from Phyllostomidae family. Most of bats from the Molossidade family were recorded in urban areas, with only one species in the forest fragment. Considering all samples, 0,72% was rabies positive, a lower index compared to the mean index registered in the last years. All the positive cases occurred in frugivorous and insectivorous bats. This study was important to improve the knowlegment of bat diversity and rabies epidemiology in this specific region.
Mestre
Esteves, Carolina Franco [UNESP]. "Influência antrópica na distribuição espacial da comunidade de mamíferos no Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99541.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As conseqüências das atividades humanas nas populações de vertebrados são questões importantes, com efeitos diretos na conservação das espécies. Mapear as áreas de maior acesso humano e seu efeito potencial para a vida selvagem deve ser considerado como estratégia de manejo em áreas protegidas. O crescimento do ecoturismo no Brasil tem atraído turistas para as áreas protegidas, mas estes parques estão pouco preparados para atender a demanda conciliando recreação e conservação. As áreas protegidas em regiões tropicais são consideradas importantes refúgios de habitat natural para muitas espécies e ainda assim sofrem constante ação depredatória. É essencial, portanto, entender como as atividades humanas afetam a vida silvestre nestes locais. Neste estudo, a influência da presença humana sobre a ocorrência e abundância dos mamíferos na Ilha Anchieta foi analisada por meio do conceito de acessibilidade humana. Este trabalho visou mapear a acessibilidade na Ilha Anchieta para fins de zoneamento e manejo e também analisar a influência humana e das variáveis ambientais na distribuição e abundância dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte. De fevereiro a outubro de 2009 foram coletados dados de ocorrência dos mamíferos da Ilha Anchieta por transectos lineares (avistamentos e vestígios) e por armadilhas fotográficas em quatro estratos amostrais: Floresta Estágio Intermediário com Acesso Fácil (EIF), Floresta Estágio Intermediário com Acesso Difícil (EID), Floresta Estágio Avançado com Acesso Fácil (EAF), Floresta Estágio Avançado com Acesso Difícil (EAD). Foram registradas 623 ocorrências de oito espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, nos quatro estratos amostrados na Ilha Anchieta considerando as duas metodologias, transectos (n=355) e armadilhas fotográficas (n=268). Do total de registros, a cutia (Dasyprocta spp.) obteve a maior...
The consequences of human activity in vertebrate populations are important issues with direct effects in species conservation. Mapping areas of greater human access and its potential effect to wildlife needs to be considered as strategy for management in protected areas. The growth of ecotourism in Brazil has attracted tourists for protected areas but these public parks are roughly prepared to attend the demand conciliating recreation and conservation goals. Protected areas in tropical regions are considered ultimate refugees of natural habitat for many species but they have been suffering human impact. Therefore it is essential to understand how human activities affect wildlife in these areas. In this study, the influence of human presence on the occurrence and abundance of mammals at Anchieta Island was analyzed by using the concept of human accessibility. This study aimed to map the accessibility of Anchieta Island for purposes of zoning and management and also examine the influence of human and environmental variables on the distribution and abundance of medium and large-sized mammals. From February to October 2009 mammal occurrence data were collected at Anchieta Island using line transect (sightings or traces) and camera traps in four sampling strata: Intermediate Stage Forest with Easy Access (EIF), Intermediate Stage Forest with Difficult Access (EID), Advanced Stage Forest with Easy Access (EAF), Advanced Stage Forest with Difficult Access (EAD). 623 occurrences of eight mammalian species were recorded in the four strata sampled at Anchieta Island considering both methodologies, line transects (n = 355) and camera traps (n = 268). According to the records, the agouti (Dasyprocta spp.) had the highest relative frequency of occurrence (46.9%), followed by the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) (19.3%). Based on the maps of landscape structure and human presence, the influence of these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Campos, Claudia Bueno de. "Impacto de cães (Canis familiaris) e gatos (Felis catus) errantes sobre a fauna silvestre em ambiente peri-urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-20062005-162534/.
Full textThe goals of this study were to quantify the population of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) in suburban areas; to describe and compare the diet of both species, and to estimate their predation pressure on the wildlife, at Campus " Luiz of Queiroz " of the University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, SP. During the months of July 2002 and January 2003, visual observations and scats collection of dogs and cats were accomplished along a transect line. The sampled area comprised 0.276 km², or 3.2% of the 860ha of the Campus area. Physical characteristics of each individual (species, race, fur, sex, size and natural marks) were registered for the calculation of the abundance of both species in the sampled area, as well as the number of encounters a day and the environment (rural and suburban). The diet was analyzed through scats sterilized, washed, dried and sorted. Their components were identified with the aid of bibliographical references. The importance of each item was expressed as the percentage of the total number of items found and as the percentage of an estimate of the consumed biomass. Breadth and overlap niche were calculated through the indexes of Levins and Pianka, respectively. The results of estimate abundance of free-ranging dogs and cats in the sampled area were of 42 and 81 respectively. Dogs and cats are more abundant in suburban than rural environment (T = 3.78, p <0.001, N = 55; T = 8.38, p <0.001, N = 55 respectively) and the cats are more abundant than dogs in suburban environment (T = 6.76, p <0.001, N = 55), even though there was no significant difference between the abundance of dogs and cats in rural environment (T = 0.82, p = 0.46, N = 55). The results of diet analyses indicated that free-ranging dogs and cats are opportunistic predators of generalist habit. In 234 samples of scats 1212 occurrences of 57 items (68.4% of animal origin, 15.8% of vegetable origin and 15.8% formed by no food items) were detected. Considering the items of animal origin found in the diet of both species, invertebrates were the most consumed, followed by mammals (dogs: 57.05% and 25.15%; cats: 63.24% and 20.51%, respectively). Niche breadth (B) was 0.4463 for dogs and 0.4892 for cats. Niche overlap (O) was almost complete (0.97108). The consumption of mammals was estimated between 16.76 and 25.42 kg/ind/year for dogs and between 2.01 and 2.9 kg/ind/year for cats. This is a possible reason for the low population densities of small wild mammals in the study area.
Naxara, Laura Regina Capelari. "Importância dos corredores ripários para a fauna - pequenos mamíferos em manchas de floresta, matriz do entorno e elementos lineares em uma paisagem fragmentada de Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-15122008-102749/.
Full textThis master thesis aimed to evaluate the importance of riparian corridors for the fauna in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape. In four systems composed by fragment corridor fragment, we evaluate both the small mammal assemblage (chapter 2) and the habitat quality measured through the vegetation structure and food resources availability for the fauna (chapter 3). In chapter 2 we compared small mammal assemblages among open areas of the surrounding matrix, riparian corridors, edges and interiors of forest fragments. We verified a strong segregation in species distribution between the open matrix and the forested habitats. Endemic species were captured only in forested habitats, while the open areas of the matrix harbored a small mammals assemblage composed exclusively by species non-endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome, and only two non-endemic species occupied all habitat types. We also observed that temporal fluctuations in species abundance did not differ among habitats, that is, observed differences in species distribution were not dependent on capture session. Moreover, richness and abundance of endemic species were higher in forested habitats than in the open areas of matrix, while the abundance of nonendemic species was higher in the matrix than in the interior of forest fragments. The two most abundant endemic species occurred only in forested habitats and their abundance was lower at edges compared to forest interiors and, for one of them, also compared to riparian corridors. On the other hand, the abundance of one of the three most common non-endemic species was higher at edges than in interiors. We conclude that riparian corridors function as a connector element for the endemic small mammals of the Atlantic Forest, minimizing the deleterious effects of habitat fragmentation. In chapter 3, through the evaluation of habitat quality in riparian corridors, edges and interiors of second-growth fragments, we observed that food resource availability (arthropods and fruits) for the fauna, as well as the vegetation structure, measured as foliage vertical stratification, did not differ among the three forested habitats. Thus, our results suggest that, contrary to the observed in primary tropical forests, there is no clear edge effects on vegetation structure or on food resources availability for the fauna in secondary forest fragments even in linear habitats such as corridors. The results reported in these two chapters highlight the importance of the maintenance of riparian corridors for the conservation, in fragmented landscapes of the Atlantic Forest, of one of the most diverse group of mammals.
Vice, President Research Office of the. "Sea Change." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9510.
Full textPinotti, Bruno Trevizan. "Pequenos mamíferos terrestres e a regeneração da Mata Atlântica: influência da estrutura do habitat e da disponibilidade de alimento na recuperação da fauna." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-21052010-103340/.
Full textBy sampling 28 sites in different regeneration stages in a continuous Atlantic forest area, in this master thesis we aimed to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms associated with the wildlife changes observed during tropical forest regeneration, and thereby better understand the value of secondary forests for the conservation of tropical biodiversity. In the first part of the thesis we investigated the influence of regeneration on aspects of forest structure and food availability considered to be important to several wildlife groups. We found deeper leaf litter, and higher woody debris volume and fruit availability of an abundant understorey palm in the older-growth areas, while in areas in earlier stages we found higher vegetation connection, higher ground-dwelling arthropod biomass, total fruit availability, and availability of fruits of the most abundant understorey plant species. These modifications may be related to the wildlife changes observed during forest regeneration. Species that rely on features only found in older-growth forests, such as open space for movement, higher complexity of the forest floor, or certain food resources, could find limitations in younger forests, whereas species which do not depend on these resources could benefit from the higher total food availability, or higher 102 vegetation connection for movements, found in these areas. In the second part of the study, we assessed the effect of regeneration and of structural attributes and food availability on endemic (forest specialist) and non-endemic (habitat generalist) terrestrial small mammal species. As expected, we found that a group of species (habitat generalists) proliferate in younger areas, while the other group (forest specialists) is more common, although more subtly, in older-growth areas. These patterns were partly explained by the measured variables, especially food availability. Apparently, the generalist species are benefiting from the increased food availability found in younger forests, while specialist species have greater ability to occupy older-growth areas, where these resources are scarcer. Therefore, our data suggest a trade-off between competitive ability and ability to use abundant resources, as predicted by the successional niche mechanism, initially proposed to explain the succession of plant species. The characteristics observed in younger forests favored the proliferation of habitat generalist terrestrial small mammals. However, the positive effect of forest regeneration on specialist species, of more conservation concern, was less pronounced, so that the secondary forests harbored a rich terrestrial small mammal assemblage, and may therefore be an important tool to increase the area and connectivity in highly modified landscapes, such as those found in the Atlantic forest. However, these results do not diminish the value of old-growth forests, especially in fragmented landscapes and for more sensitive wildlife groups. These forests should be protected, as well as the regeneration of the secondary forests should be guaranteed (and assisted, if necessary), so that these areas could acquire in the long term the necessary conditions to maintain the species and the groups of species most adversely affected by the secondarization of the tropical forests.
Brink, James Simpson. "The evolution of the black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou, and modern largemammal faunas in central Southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1342.
Full textThis study investigates the evolution of modern mammalian faunas in the central interior of southern Africa by testing the hypothesis that the evolution of the black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou, was directly associated with the emergence of Highveld-type open grasslands in the central interior. Southern Africa can be distinguished from other arid and semi-arid parts of the continent by the presence of an alliance of endemic grazing ungulates. The black wildebeest is characteristic of this alliance. Open habitats are essential for the reproductive behaviour of the black wildebeest, because territorial males require an unobstructed view of their territories in order to breed. The specialised territorial breeding behaviour of the black wildebeest is the reason why the black wildebeest is historically confined to the Highveld and Karoo areas and why it is reproductively isolated from sympatric blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus. The finds from a number of fossil-rich localities, dating from the recent past to approximately a million years ago, have been identified. The remains referred to ancestral C. gnou have been subjected to detailed qualitative and quantitative osteological comparisons with cranial and post-cranial elements of modern and fossil reference specimens. This material includes extant southern African alcelaphines and fossil materials of C. gnou, the extinct giant wildebeest, Megalotragus priscus, and North African fossil alcelaphines. The results show that cranial changes in fossil C. gnou, particularly the more forward positioning of the horns, basal inflation of the horns and the resultant re-organisation of the posterior part of the skull, preceded other skeletal modifications. These cranial changes indicate a shift towards more specialised territorial breeding behaviour in the earliest ancestral black wildebeest, evident in the specimens of the c. million year old Free State site of Cornelia-Uitzoek. Since the territorial breeding behaviour of the black wildebeest can only function in open habitat and since cranial characters associated with its territorial breeding behaviour preceded other morphological changes, it is deduced that there was a close association between the speciation of C. gnou from a C. taurinus-like ancestor and the appearance of permanently open Highveld-type grasslands in the central interior of southern Africa. This deduction is supported by the lack of trophic distinction between the modern black and blue wildebeest, suggesting that the evolution of the black wildebeest was not accompanied by an ecological shift. It is concluded that the evolution of a distinct southern endemic wildebeest in the Pleistocene was associated with, and possibly driven by, a shift towards a more specialised kind of territorial breeding behaviour, which can only funtion in open habitat. There are significant post-speciation changes in body size and limb proportions of fossil C. gnou through time. The tempo of change has not been constant and populations in the central interior underwent marked reduction in body size in the last 5000 years. Vicariance in fossil C. gnou is evident in different rates of change that are recorded in the populations of generally smaller body size that became isolated in the Cape Ecozone. These daughter populations, the result of dispersals from the central interior, became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
Billet, Guillaume. "La faune de notongulés (Mammalia) de l'Oligocène supérieur de Salla (Bolivie) : phylogénie et affinités d'un groupe d'ongulés endémiques du Tertiaire d'Amérique du Sud." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0037.
Full textNotoungulata is a Tertiary group of South American endemic ungulate mammals. The present study aims to shed light on the relationships among Notoungulata and on their links with some other placental mammals from the study of their dental and cranial anatomy. Firstly, studies on Salla notoungulate fauna allowed collecting numerous new data on notoungulate dento-cranial anatomy. To complete the study of the Salla fauna, the precocious hypsodonty of notoungulates is studied from the dental microwear analysis of Salla notoungulates cheek teeth. Secondly, a large-scaled phylogenetic analysis has been performed on a large sample of South American ungulates: Litopterna, Astrapotheria and Pyrotherium whose skull is redescribed here. Among major results, it presents a clade clustering astrapotheres, Pyrotherium and notoungulates. The Litopterna are not related to this clade. The analysis also supports the inclusion of Pyrotherium within Notoungulata, in an early diverging clade with Notostylops
Lima, Elson Fernandes de. "Estrutura da comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em uma paisagem fragmentada com matriz de eucalipto, Capão Bonito e Buri, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-28032013-094611/.
Full textThe land use conversion is a major threat to wildlife because the landscape becomes fragmented and the areas occupied by native vegetation are reduced, altering the structure of animal communities. In this study, the medium to large-sized mammal community (> 1 kg) was evaluated in a fragmented landscape in eucalyptus matrix, in the southern São Paulo State, Buri and Capão Bonito municipalities (23°52\'47\" S, 48°23\'24\" W), using three different methods installed together (sand plots, camera-trap and scent stations, where were used specific baits to carnivores and omnivores, Canine Call® and Pro\'s Choice®). The objectives of this work were: i) to evaluate the structure of the community as a function of landscape structure, ii) compare sampling methods used, discussing their application. The species sampling was conducted in five campaigns of five days each, between 2010-2012, with sampling units installed in the matrix, corridors and forest fragments. The landscape elements were evaluated in buffers with 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 m around. We recorded 20 medium and large mammals species, the majority (n=18) found in y native vegetation (corridors and habitat patches). Although only several species were recorded in the matrix. Other measures of biodiversity as a functional group richness and functional diversity were evaluated, however, the results were the same obtained to species richness. The proportions of native vegetation, 250 and 2000 m, were most important in explaining the records frequency for many species. In terms of composition, the assemblage obtained in the habitat patches and forest corridors were similar. Among the methods of sampling, the sand plots was more effective in short-term assessment, however, its financial cost is significantly higher for long-term studies. The use of lure in scent stations is an innovation in the Neotropical, despite their uncertainties in attracting the animals. A disadvantage of these methods is that several species cannot be accurately identified because of the similarity of the tracks, which rarely occurs with the use of cameras-trap, where the specimens are shown in photographs, allowing a reliable identification. The different methodologies used showed different rates of records, or were not able to identify the same community, however, the richness estimates, when evaluated separately, indicate that the three would achieve the same result. This study suggests that forestry fragmented landscapes may be important for mammals conservation if well planned, such as the maintenance of habitat patches and corridors that connect the remaining habitat fragments. Furthermore, the use of sampling method must be planned according to the purpose of study.
Alves, Telma Regina. "A abordagem da biodiversidade nos resumos públicos dos planos de manejo FSC no Brasil : uma análise crítica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8684.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The silviculture activity, as well as other economic activities (industrial, agrarian, farming, etc.), can cause environmental impacts, both positive and negative, according to a number of circumstances, such as in relation to the conditions prior to planting, water regime in the region, the biome of insertion of the activity, the management techniques employed, the integration of the local population, among others. Plantations of exotic species (ex. genera Eucalyptus and Pinus) have been the subject of severe criticism regarding the possible reduction of biodiversity. These criticisms have arisen from situations and relationships that conflict that have occurred, for decades, between those responsible for the implementation and use of these plantations on one side and the other people aware of the need for preservation of biodiversity. In this study we selected 15 Brazilian companies that are certified to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) with the aim of assessing whether the Management Plans from forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) had evidence of the use of the results of monitoring of biodiversity (especially fauna) in interventions of forest management aimed at biological conservation. The method used was the documentary analysis of the Public Summaries of the Management Plans, between the years of 2011 to 2015, available on the internet. Among the several results obtained, of note is the fact that the 15 forestry companies, 13 (87%) conducted an inventory of qualitative and quantitative aspects of wild fauna, and analyzing the total hectares of areas monitored in relation to the total number of areas in plantation of eucalyptus, in 8 (53%) forestry companies monitoring is conducted in areas that have a range of 5% to 47% of the areas under certification. We can observe, through critical analysis of their management plans, in which they are sampling of static form the structure of biodiversity, through lists of species. It concludes that there are no concrete evidence of the use of information obtained through monitoring of fauna for making decisions about the best ways of intervention of forest management, indicating uncertainty when the real possibility of same to assist in the conservation of biodiversity. This way, was proposed a protocol model for monitoring of fauna, with specific methodologies for the group of wild mammals. In this case, the results can be used in the assessment of the impacts of forest management of forestry companies contributing to the fitting of the form of forest management compatible with the maintenance of its biodiversity.
A atividade de silvicultura, assim como outras atividades econômicas (industrial, agrária, pastoril, etc.), pode causar impactos ambientais, tanto positivos, quanto negativos, de acordo com uma série de circunstâncias, como em relação às condições prévias ao plantio, regime hídrico da região, o bioma de inserção da atividade, as técnicas de manejo empregadas, a integração da população local, entre outras. As plantações florestais de espécies exóticas (ex. gêneros Eucalyptus e Pinus) vêm sendo objeto de severas críticas quanto à possível redução da biodiversidade. Estas críticas surgiram a partir de situações e relações conflituosas que vêm ocorrendo, por décadas, entre aqueles responsáveis pela implantação e utilização destes plantios de um lado e do outro as pessoas conscientes da necessidade de preservação da biodiversidade. Nesse trabalho foram selecionadas 15 Empresas Florestais brasileiras que possuem certificação do Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) com o objetivo de avaliar se os Planos de Manejo de Florestas Certificadas pelo Conselho de Manejo Florestal no Brasil (FSC-Brasil) apresentaram evidências da utilização dos resultados de monitoramentos da biodiversidade (especialmente fauna) nas intervenções de manejo florestal voltadas à conservação biológica. O método utilizado foi da análise documental dos Resumos Públicos dos Planos de Manejo, entre os anos de 2011 a 2015, disponibilizados na internet. Dentre os vários resultados obtidos, destaca-se o fato de que das 15 empresas florestais, 13 (87%) realizaram inventários qualitativos e quantitativos da fauna silvestre, sendo que, analisando o total em hectares, de áreas monitoradas em relação ao total de áreas em plantio de eucaliptos, em 8 (53%) empresas florestais o monitoramento é realizado em áreas que apresentam um intervalo de 5% a 47% das áreas sob certificação. Podemos observar, através da análise crítica de seus planos de manejo, em que estão amostrando de forma estática a estrutura da biodiversidade, por meio de listas de espécies. Conclui-se, que não existem evidências concretas do uso das informações obtidas por meio do monitoramento da fauna para a tomada de decisões sobre as melhores formas de intervenção de manejo florestal, indicando incertezas quando a real possibilidade das mesmas em auxiliar na conservação da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, foi proposto um modelo de protocolo de monitoramento de fauna, específico com as metodologias para o grupo de mamíferos silvestres. Neste caso, os resultados podem ser utilizados na avaliação dos impactos do manejo florestal das empresas florestais contribuindo com as readequações da forma do manejo florestal compatíveis com a manutenção de sua biodiversidade.
Procházka, Libor. "Pavilon savců a ptáků Asie - ZOO Dvůr Králové." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215631.
Full textStimpson, Christopher Mark. "Late quaternary environments and human impact in North-western Borneo : the evidence from the bird (Aves) and bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) faunas from the archaeology of the Great Cave of Niah, Sarawak." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609578.
Full textDawson, James Patrick Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Impact of wildfire on the spotted-tailed quoll Dasyurus maculatus in Kosciuszko National Park." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38669.
Full textJumeau, Jonathan. "Les possibilités de dispersion et éléments d'habitat-refuge dans un paysage d'agriculture intensive fragmenté par un réseau routier dense : le cas de la petite faune dans la plaine du Bas-Rhin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ120/document.
Full textHabitats and landscape fragmentation, caused by linear land transports infrastructures, is one of the major cause for the current loss of biodiversity. Among those infrastructures, road is a major cause of fragmentation, especially as it possess specific traffic-linked effects, which induces wildlife-vehicles collisions and landscape pollution. In order to decrease those negative effects, mitigation measures are taken, among which wildlife crossings, enabling wildlife to cross the road. Road also creates new potential habitats for small wildlife species in anthropogenic and fragmented landscapes. In this essay are shown (1) the potential as habitat of different road-linked elements; (2) the possibility to anticipate wildlife-vehicles collisions in order to improve the position of mitigation measures; (3) the importance of methodology in the evaluation of wildlife crossings effectiveness; and (4) the possibility to improve existing wildlife crossings. Those results will allow improving landscape defragmentation strategies
Suraprasit, Kantapon. "Paléoenvironnements et reconstitutions paléoclimatiques du Pléistocène moyen de Thaïlande et leur impact sur la biodiversité et la distribution des espèces : la contribution de la faune de vertébrés du gisement de Khok Sung (Province du Khorat)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2285/document.
Full textThe Khok Sung sand pit, Nakhon Ratchasima province, has yielded the richest Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Thailand, where more than a thousand fossil mammals and reptiles (skulls, isolated teeth, and postcranial remains) were recovered. The mammalian fauna, which is described in details hereby, consists of at least 18 identified species (12 genera), including a primate, proboscideans, rhinoceroses, suids, bovids, cervids, and carnivores, which are characterized by mostly extant elements associated to some completely and locally extinct taxa. The age of the Khok Sung fauna is tentatively attributed to the late Middle Pleistocene as either 188 or 213 ka, based on the paleomagnetic data and on the faunal comparisons. The Khok Sung mammal assemblage yields the Stegodon-Ailuropoda faunal association, most similar in composition to that of Thum Wiman Nakin, supporting the hypothesis that northeastern Thailand was a biogeographic gateway of the Sino-Malayan migration route from South China to Java. An analysis of stable carbon isotopes extracted from the tooth enamel of fossil ungulates reveals evidence of niche partitioning among megaherbivores and within cervids. The enamel carbonate d13C values also suggest a considerable amount of C4 plants in the dietary use of ruminants, indicating that grasslands had significantly expanded in Thailand at that time during which anthropic impacts on the ecosystems were absent. The stable oxygen isotope results, obtained from the serial sampling of large mammal enamel, combined with the cenogram analysis reflect significant seasonal variation in precipitations and temperature for Khok Sung, associated to a relatively humid climate
MOLARA, GRAZIELLA. "Studio eco-etologico della famiglia Hyaenidae nel Pleistocene europeo." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/857508.
Full textHelgen, Kristofer Michael. "A reassessment of taxonomic diversity and geographic patterning in the Melanesian mammal fauna." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61970.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2007
Keaney, Benedict. "Bogong Moth Aestivation Sites as an Archive for Understanding the Floral, Faunal and Indigenous History of the Northern Australian Alps." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/119187.
Full textRankin, Brian Daniel. "Early late Paleocene mammals from the Roche Percée local fauna, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/773.
Full textTitle from PDF file main screen (viewed on Apr. 1, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Systematics and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
Rankin, Brian. "Early late Paleocene mammals from the Roche Perce local fauna, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/773.
Full textSystematics and Evolution
"Small mammal faunal stasis in Natural Trap Cave (Pleistocene-Holocene), Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming." UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3354866.
Full textDavis, Angela C. "Quaternary mammal faunas and their stratigraphy in the northern Monaro region, southeastern Australia." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10775.
Full textTsukui, Kaori. "Chronology and Faunal Evolution of the Middle Eocene Bridgerian North American Land Mammal “Age”: Achieving High Precision Geochronology." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8KS6R86.
Full textCroft, Darin A. "Archaeohyracidae (mammalia: Notoungulata) from the Tinguiririca fauna, Cetranl Chile, and the evolution and paleoecology of South American mammalian herbivores /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9965069.
Full textHavlová, Tereza. "Katalog obratlovčí fauny z pleistocénních lokalit na území Prahy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332118.
Full textMecozzi, Beniamino. "Le faune a mammiferi del Pleistocene Medio-Superiore della Puglia: biocronologia, paleoecologia, paleobiogeografia." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1372862.
Full textSanecki, Glenn M. "The distribution and behaviour of small mammals in relation to natural and modified snow in the Australian Alps." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12625.
Full textField, IC. "The role of juvenile foraging ecology and growth in the evolution of life history strategies for southern elephant seals." Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/217/1/01Front.pdf.
Full textRuez, Dennis Russell 1973. "Effects of climate change on mammalian fauna composition and structure during the advent of North American continental glaciation in the Pliocene." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3226.
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Козачук, Ельвіра Володимирівна, and Elvira Volodymyrivna Kozachuk. "Дрібні ссавці нової ділянки заповідника "Михайлівська цілина" (Сумська область)." Bachelor's thesis, 2021. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11007.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study small mammals in the vicinity of the village of Veliki Luki. To study their relative numbers, the most common method was used - trapping Hero. The obtained animals were treated according to the generally accepted zoological method: the length of the body, tail, hind foot and ear were measured, sex and age were determined. The list of mammals found on the territory of Mykhailivska virgin land includes 10 species from 3 families and 2 orders. Of the species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, only Cricetus cricetus and Cricetulus migratorius live in the study area.