Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mammal fauna

Academic literature on the topic 'Mammal fauna'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mammal fauna"

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van Kolfschoten, Th. "The Eemian mammal fauna of central Europe." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79, no. 2-3 (August 2000): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021752.

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AbstractThe knowledge of the Eemian fauna of central Europe is based on the fossil record from a number of sites located in the eastern part of Germany. The faunas with different deer species as well as Sus scrofa, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Glis glis indicate a forested environment alternating during the climatic optimum of the Eemian s.s. with areas with a more open environment inhabited by species such as Cricetus cricetus, Equus sp. (or Equus taubachensis), Equus hydruntinus and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus. Characteristic for the Rhine valley fauna are Hippopotamus amphibius and the water buffalo (Bubalus murrensis); both species are absent in the eastern German faunas with an Eemian age.Taking into account the short period of time covered by the Eemian s.s., the amount of data on the Eemian mammalian fauna is remarkably large. There is, however, still an ongoing debate on whether the stratigraphical position of a number of faunas are of Eemian or ‘intra-Saalian’ age. Furthermore, there are faunal assemblages or stratigraphically isolated finds referred to the Eemian without indisputable evidence. This is particularly the case in the Rhine valley, where most of the so-called Eemian fossils come from dredged assemblages. The picture of the evolution of the Eemian fauna and its geographical variation is consequently still incomplete.
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Barker, J., D. Lunney, and T. Bubela. "Mammal surveys in the forests of the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range in north-east New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 17, no. 1 (1994): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am94003.

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Mammal surveys were carried out on the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range in north-east New South Wales between March 1988 and November 1989. The emphasis was placed on rainforest mammals, following the recognition by Adam ( 1987) that the species lists of mammals in the state's rainforests were incomplete and that more research was needed. The mammals were surveyed primarily by analysis of prey remains in Dog and Fox scats, collected from roads throughout the forests, and from bat trapping. The bat fauna at both the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range is rich (1 0 species and nine species respectively, including the rare Golden-tipped Bat, Kerivoula papuensis, in the Richmond Range). Scat analysis revealed the presence of 24 native species on the Carrai Plateau, and on the Richmond Range there were 17 species, including high numbers of two pademelon species. Feral prey species are almost completely absent, although the Fox is an established predator in both areas. A sharp division was identified between the mammal faunas of closed and open forests. Differences were found also between the mammal fauna composition of the two rainforest sites, and with those of nearby eucalypt forests. The mammal fauna of New South Wales rainforests is distinct from open forests and future mammal surveys are needed to ensure an adequate level of knowledge to identify and conserve these areas.
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Potts, Richard, and Alan Deino. "Mid-Pleistocene Change in Large Mammal Faunas of East Africa." Quaternary Research 43, no. 1 (January 1995): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1010.

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AbstractSingle-crystal 40Ar/39Ar age estimates of 392,000 ± 4000 to 330,000 ± 6000 yr from Lainyamok, a middle Pleistocene fossil locality in the southern Kenya rift, document the oldest evidence from sub-Saharan Africa of a diverse, large mammal fauna consisting entirely of extant species. The inferred age of this fauna implies an upper limit for extinction of species that characterize well-calibrated, mid-Pleistocene fossil assemblages in East Africa. For its age and species richness, the Lainyamok fauna is surprising for its lack of extinct forms (e.g., the bovine Pelorovis) well documented in later faunal assemblages of East and South Africa. Definitive presence of the South African blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas) is also unexpected, especially as this alcelaphine bovid is the dominant large mammal in the Lainyamok fauna. These age estimates and the faunal composition at Lainyamok indicate that geographic ranges and taxonomic associations of extant largebodied mammals were susceptible to wide fluctuations in sub-Saharan Africa over the past 330,000 yr. This inference is consistent with the hypothesis of nonanalogue, or ephemeral, biotas believed to characterize late Quaternary ecosystems of northern continents.
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Woinarski, JCZ, RW Braithwaite, KA Menkhorst, S. Griffin, r. Fishe, and N. Preece. "Gradient analysis of the distribution of mammals in Stage III of Kakadu National Park, with a review of the distribution patterns of mammals across north-western Australia." Wildlife Research 19, no. 3 (1992): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920233.

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A total of 56 native mammal species (about one quarter of the species of land mammals known from Australia) was recorded from the Stage III area of Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. A single environmental gradient (of substrate and disturbance) described well the distributions of species other than bats from this area. For most species, there was little shift in gradient position between three trapping periods (spaced over three years). The mammal fauna comprised a rocky upland assemblage, a lowland monsoon rainforest-swamp assemblage, and an open forest-woodland assemblage. Mammal diversity and abundance was greatest in the rocky uplands. The distribution of most bat species was not clearly associated with this gradient. The Stage III mammal fauna is compared with that described from elsewhere in north-western Australia. Across this region, the fauna shows little variation with longitude, but undergoes substantial latitudinal change in conjunction with a steep rainfall gradient. The habitat reSationships of the Stage III mammal fauna are broadly repeated across north-western Australia. The fauna of sandstone ranges is attenuated with decreasing size and increasing isolation of these ranges. The mammal fauna of monsoon rainforests is depauperate, reflecting the small size and patchiness of this habitat. The mammal fauna of open forest/woodland is characterised by extensive distributions of its constituent species and a relative lack of arboreal folivores and small macropods.
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Fusco, Diana A., Matthew C. McDowell, Graham Medlin, and Gavin J. Prideaux. "Fossils reveal late Holocene diversity and post-European decline of the terrestrial mammals of the Murray–Darling Depression." Wildlife Research 44, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16134.

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Context Establishing appropriate faunal baselines is critical for understanding and abating biodiversity declines. However, baselines can be highly reliant on historical records that come from already disturbed ecosystems. This is exemplified in the Murray–Darling Depression bioregion of Australia, where European settlement (and accompanying marked land-management changes and the introduction of many species) triggered rapid declines and losses of native species, often before their documentation. Aims We aim to establish the mammal fauna present when Europeans settled the Murray Mallee and Murray–Darling Depression bioregion and determine the extent of mammal loss since European settlement. Methods We describe a dated vertebrate assemblage from Light’s Roost in the lower Murray Mallee region of South Australia. We compare our data with those of modern fauna surveys and historical records to document the extent of change in the mammal fauna since European settlement. Key results Radiocarbon ages showed that the assemblage was accumulating, at a minimum, within an interval from 1900 to 1300 years ago. Since this time, the Murray–Darling Depression has lost half of its flightless terrestrial mammals. Species lost include the mulgara (Dasycercus blythi/cristicauda), which places this taxon within only 40km of Lake Alexandrina, the hitherto-disputed type locality for D. cristicauda. Fossils provided the principal evidence for nearly half of the Murray Mallee fauna and over three-quarters of the fauna are represented in the fossil record. Conclusions Late Holocene assemblages provide important archives of species biogeography and diversity. Our revised faunal baseline indicated that the pre-European fauna of the Murray–Darling Depression was more diverse than hitherto understood and its reduction appears largely caused by the impacts of European settlement. Implications Baselines for species distributions derived from historical records and modern faunal surveys are likely to be incomplete and warrant revision, particularly for smaller and more cryptic species. Deficiencies in regional records mask the extent of mammal declines caused by European colonisation and associated agricultural practices, and thus vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.
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Westgate, James W. "Uintan land mammals (excluding rodents) from an estuarine facies of the Laredo Formation (Middle Eocene, Claiborne Group) of Webb County, Texas." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018709.

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A newly discovered vertebrate fossil assemblage, the Casa Blanca local fauna, comes from the Laredo Formation, Claiborne Group, of Webb County, Texas, and is the first reported Eocene land-mammal fauna from the coastal plain of North America. The mammalian fauna is correlated with the Serendipity and Candelaria local faunas of west Texas, the Uinta C faunas of the Rocky Mountains, the Santiago Formation local fauna of southern California, and the Swift Current Creek local fauna of Saskatchewan. The vertebrate-bearing deposit lies approximately 32 m above a horizon containing the marine gastropod Turritella cortezi, which ranges from east Texas to northeast Mexico in the lower half of the Cook Mountain and Laredo Formations and is a guide fossil for the Hurricane Lentil in the Cook Mountain Formation. Nannoplankton found in these middle Eocene formations belong to the upper half of Nannoplankton Zone 16 and allow correlation with European beds of late Lutetian to early Bartonian age.Over 700 specimens represent at least 30 species of 28 mammal genera. The Casa Blanca fauna is the southernmost and easternmost North American land-mammal fauna of definite Eocene age, and is the westernmost Paleogene vertebrate fauna from the Gulf Coastal Plain.
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Thompson, Scott A., Graham G. Thompson, and Philip C. Withers. "Influence of pit-trap type on the interpretation of fauna diversity." Wildlife Research 32, no. 2 (2005): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03117.

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We compare bias in the interpretation of sampled reptile and mammal assemblages caught using 20-L PVC buckets and PVC pipes (150 mm by 600 mm deep) when used as pit-traps. We report on 16 632 pipe- and 16 632 bucket-nights of pit-trap data collected over 11 survey periods spread over 2.5 years around Ora Banda in Western Australia. Buckets caught more reptiles and more of the common ‘small’ and ‘medium’-sized reptiles, whereas pipes caught more mammals and the larger of the small trappable mammals. The trappability of some families of reptiles and some mammal species differs between buckets and pipes. We conclude that different pit-trap types provide a bias in the interpretation of the sampled fauna assemblage. Differences in the interpretation of vertebrate faunal diversity were accentuated by low trapping effort but attenuated by high trapping effort. We recommend that both buckets and pipes be employed as pit-traps during fauna surveys (as well as alternatives such as funnel traps) to more fully document fauna assemblages being surveyed.
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Perry, Justin J., Eric P. Vanderduys, and Alex S. Kutt. "More famine than feast: pattern and variation in a potentially degenerating mammal fauna on Cape York Peninsula." Wildlife Research 42, no. 6 (2015): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15050.

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Context Global mammal populations continue to be threatened by environmental change, and recent decadal monitoring in northern Australia suggests a collapse in mammal abundance in key locations. Cape York Peninsula has globally significant natural values but there is very little published about the status and distribution of mammals in this region. Aims Following an extensive field survey we investigated two key questions: (i) what is the composition, spatial variation and change from previous regional surveys in the mid to late 1900s in the native terrestrial and arboreal mammal fauna recorded; and (ii) which landscape and site factors best predict mammal richness and abundance. Methods We sampled 202 one-hectare sites across seven locations from 2009 to 2012 in woodlands, closed forestand dune scrub and tussock grasslands. We collected landscape and site-based environmental data for each location, representing fire, weather and vegetation factors. We used generalised linear mixed models to examine the relationship between mammals and these factors. Key results Mammals were generally scarce across the sites and were more abundant and species rich in wet coastal grasslands or closed forests then tropical savanna woodlands. Fire frequency data and the surrounding vegetation complexity were consistent landscape-scale predictors of mammals; ground cover and woody complexity were significant at the site scale. Conclusions Notwithstanding interpretational constraints related to the limited evidence base of historic sampling, the mammal fauna recorded in this study for Cape York Peninsula was similar in composition to the mammal fauna described from 1948–1980 and surveys in 1985, with some species seemingly declining (e.g. Melomys burtoni, Dasyurus hallucatus, Sminthopsis virginiae) and others stable (e.g. Rattus sordidus) or more common (e.g. Rattus tunneyi); however, across all sites abundance was low, and many sites had few or no mammals. Implications In the absence of consistent long-term systematic monitoring it is difficult to determine if this survey and historical surveys represent pre-European patterns for mammals. The absence or low abundance of mammals in most sites suggest that cotemporary patterns may not represent an intact mammal fauna. Due to the equivocal nature of these findings a critical next step is to establish robust monitoring and experimental work to reveal the response of mammals to management interventions.
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Аrtemieva, Еlena. "Urban mammal fauna under conditions of a large city (on the example of Ulyanovsk, Middle Volga Region)." Theriologia Ukrainica 2021, no. 21 (July 1, 2021): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2103.

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In this work, the topographic features of the spatial pattern of biodiversity of the urban fauna in general in the city are revealed: the number of urban fauna species has a maximum in the southern part of the city and a minimum in the western part. The mammal fauna as a component of urban fauna in general exhibits greater plasticity and adaptability in relation to humans compared to other groups of biota, for example, the insect fauna and avifauna. The urban mammal fauna in Ulyanovsk has historically formed due to the penetration of representatives of various faunal complexes that inhabit the region into the city area and its vicinities: (1) floodplain species associated with the river Sviyaga and its tributaries, 36.17%; (2) forest species living in pine-deciduous, deciduous-pine, and taiga forests, 46.81%; (3) upland-steppe species associated with Cretaceous landscapes of the right bank, 6.38%; (4) steppe species, including mammals of the left bank, common for the native feather grass–fescue steppes, 6.38%. Some animal species have remained in the city and in the region due to their spread by humans—introduced species and species kept in fur farms (10.64%). Synanthropic species are associated with human settlements (4.26%). The occurrence of species in different zones of the city (right bank and left bank) and habitats with an increase in the level of urbanization and a decrease in species diversity (1–5) are as follows: (1) green zones—parks and squares with woody vegetation, 31 species; (2) floodplain of the river Sviyaga within the city, 24 species; (3) summer cottages within the city, 15 species; (4) private sector with one-storey buildings, 5 species; (5) multi-storey buildings, 4 species. In general, in an urban environment, mammal species that coexist with humans make up 66.19 % of the total number of mammal species in the region. At the same time, the number of rare mammal species listed in the regional Red Book is 12.68%. Thus, when conservation measures for the protection of animal habitats within the urban environment are observed, most species are able to maintain stable populations.
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Koenigswald, Wighart V., and Wolf-Dieter Heinrich. "Biostratigraphische Begriffe aus der Säugetierpaläontologie für das Pliozän und Pleistozän Deutschlands." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 56, no. 1/2 (March 1, 2007): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.56.1-2.05.

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Abstract. The biostratigraphical subdivision of the Quaternary in central Europe has followed various approaches, and its terminology is correspondingly large. At first, stages in the development of mammal fauna were named after the sites of typical finds and arranged chronologically (e.g. KRETZOI 1962, 1969, JANOSSY 1969). Repeated efforts to correlate them with glacial and interglacials were difficult, however, because most fauna came from unglaciated regions, and no correlations based on well-defined superpositions were possible. The faunal succession had already shown that the number of interglacials in the classic system was not enough to explain the different warm-stage faunas. Deep-sea boreholes soon showed that the number of oscillations was much higher than PENCK & BRÜCKNER (1909) had assumed. The biostratigraphical subdivision of the Late Tertiary was refined by defining the boundaries of the individual stages by first and last appearances of characteristic species of mammals (FAD = First Appearance Date, LAD = Last Appearance Date).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mammal fauna"

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Van, Pletzen Liezl. "The large mammal fauna from Klasies River." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51991.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The large mammal faunal sample, excavated since 1984 from the Late Pleistocene Klasies River main site, was studied. There are 27 species in eight genera represented. The bovids from the LBS member (110 000 years) and the Upper member (70 000 years) shows an increase in grazers relative to the fauna from the SAS member (100 000 years). This confirms previous research. The study of body part frequencies does not confirm the selective transport of the carcasses of larger bovids or that scavenging played an important role in the accumulation of the fauna. It is concluded that availability of marine mammals were the attraction of the locality and that all size classes of bovids were actively hunted and their carcasses returned to the site. KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Late Pleistocene, large mammal fauna, hunting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groot soogdier fauna van die Laat Pleistoseen vindplaas Klasies River main site, opgegrawe vanaf 1984, is bestudeer. Sewe-en-twintig spesies in agt genera is verteenwoordig. Die bokke van die LBS member (110 000 jare) en die Upper member (70 000 jare) toon 'n styging in grasvreters relatief tot dié van die SAS member (100 000 jare). Dit bevestig 'n vorige ondersoek. Die bestudering van ligaamsdeel frekwensies van alle groottes bokke bevestig nie dat selektiewe vervoer van groter bokkarkasse plaasgevind het nie, of dat aas 'n rol in die akkumulasie van die fauna gespeel het nie. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die teenwoordigheid van marine soogdiere die rede was vir die keuse van hierdie vindplaas was. Alle groottes bokke is doelbewus gejag en hulle karkasse is teruggebring na die vindplaas. SLEUTELWOORDE: Klasies River, Laat Pleistoseen, groot soogdiere, jag.
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Tsubamoto, Takehisa. "The Pondaung mammal fauna : an analysis of a terrestrial mammal fauna in the latest middle Eocene of central Myanmar (Southeast Asia)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150841.

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Nunami, Shin. "Developmental history of the peculiar "modern-type" mammal fauna of Miyako Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120670.

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Tsujikawa, Hiroshi. "The Late Miocene Large Mammal Fauna and Palaeoenvironment in the Samburu Hills Area, Northern Kenya." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149118.

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Mengulluoglu, Deniz. "An Inventory Of Medium And Large Mammal Fauna In Pine Forests Of Beypazari Through Camera Trapping." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612559/index.pdf.

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Information about large mammals in Turkey usually does not go further than species lists or annual counts of particular species such as the wild goat. Camera trapping is a very useful technique to overcome this deficiency by gathering information about species presence, numbers, habitat use and behavior. Hence, a one year long camera trap study was conducted to demonstrate the diversity, activity, distribution patterns, habitat preferences and interspecific interactions of medium and large mammals in a 148 km2 large pine woodland near Ankara. Brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), golden jackal (Canis aureus), jungle cat (Felis chaus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Eurasian badger (Meles meles), stone marten (Martes foina), red deer (Cervus elaphus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), brown hare (Lepus europaeus), Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) and southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) were the 13 mammal species captured during the study. Spatial segregation was observed among canid species indicating intraguild competition and competitive exclusion. Prey-predator interactions were documented at both spatial and temporal scales between wolves, deer and wild boars. Red deer showed seasonal and sex differences in activity patterns that appeared to be influenced by wolf predation risk. The presence of two felids unknown to the local people were revealed by camera trapping, showing the utility of this technique for such secretive and rare species. However, the low encounter rates for particular species such as lynx, brown bear and jungle cat indicated the importance of the length of study. Based on various evidence, resident adult population sizes were estimated for wolf (2-5), Eurasian lynx (2-4), brown bear (0-2) and jungle cat (2-3). The study showed that lynx can exist in high densities in a relatively small area when prey species are abundant. This study area hosted a rich mammal fauna in spite of human activities such as livestock grazing, logging and hunting. A relatively intact ecosystem, high altitudinal and habitat diversity, and a positive attitude of local people are believed to be the reasons of this observed high diversity.
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Teixeira, Lucas Manuel Cabral. "Tolerance towards wildlife in the Atlantic forest: an empirical test across ecological contexts and mammal specie." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-20092018-110212/.

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Human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) emerge as complex conservation challenges impairing human livelihood and wildlife populations. Research on HWC, however, has traditionally approached these components apart and focused on single/ similar species, hampering a broader understanding of the connections between ecological drivers and human dimensions of conflicts. We here develop and test a model integrating ecological and human components of HWC, focusing on three species - opossum, crab-eating fox and puma. We investigated the pathways through which the ecological context (forest cover) affects experiences with wildlife (contact and damage), and how such experiences influence tolerance via beliefs, emotions and attitude. We interviewed 114 landowners across 13 landscapes varying in forest cover in a region of the Brazilian Atlantic forest and tested our model using Piecewise Structural Equation Modeling. We found that: i. forest cover negatively affected tolerance, but just towards the largest species; ii. relevance and effects of distinct experiences with wildlife on beliefs and emotions varied across species; iii. beliefs and emotions influenced tolerance, but negative emotions were relevant only for the largest species. Conflicts with larger species can then be understood as disservices provided by forests, indicating the relevance of framing HWC within a broader perspective that consider the trade-offs with ecosystems services. For some species, positive experiences with wildlife may counteract the negative effects of damages to livestock in shaping human behavior. Models such as ours - that structure relationships between ecological and human components - can help identifying deeper, more effective leverage points to improve interventions to mitigate HWC
Conflitos entre seres humanos e fauna silvestre emergem como desafios complexos, ameaçando o sustento de populações humanas e a conservação de populações de animais silvestres. Contudo, pesquisas sobre conflitos tradicionalmente abordam esses componentes separadamente e focam em espécies individuais ou similares, dificultando o entendimento mais amplo das conexões entre determinantes ecológicos e dimensões humanas dos conflitos. Neste estudo, desenvolvemos e testamos um modelo conceitual integrando componentes ecológicos e humanos dos conflitos, focando em três espécies - gambá, cachorro-do-mato e onça-parda. Investigamos os caminhos através dos quais o contexto ecológico (cobertura florestal) afeta experiências (contato e dano), e como tais experiências influenciam a tolerância à fauna por meio de crenças, emoções e atitude. Entrevistamos 114 proprietários rurais em 13 paisagens com diferentes proporções de cobertura florestal em uma região da Mata Atlântica e testamos nosso modelo usando equações estruturais do tipo Piecewise. Encontramos que: i. a cobertura florestal afetou negativamente a tolerância, mas apenas para a maior espécie; ii. a importância e os efeitos de diferentes experiências com a fauna sobre crenças e emoções variaram entre as espécies; iii. crenças e emoções influenciaram a tolerância, mas emoções negativas foram relevantes apenas para a maior espécie. Conflitos com espécies maiores podem então ser entendidos como desserviços providos por florestas, indicando a relevância de inserir os conflitos humano-fauna em perspectiva mais ampla, que considere as relações com serviços ecossistêmicos. Para algumas espécies, experiências positivas podem compensar os efeitos negativos dos danos a criações na formação do comportamento humano. Modelos como o nosso - que estruturem as relações entre os componentes ecológicos e humanos - podem ajudar a identificar pontos de alavancagem mais profundos e efetivos para melhorar intervenções visando a mitigação dos conflitos com a fauna
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Terry, Ina M. "The Ohio Pleistocene Mammal Database (OPMDB): Creation and Preliminary Taphonomic and Spatial Analyses." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1377456136.

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Ciocheti, Giordano. "Spatial and temporal influences of road duplication on wildlife road kill using habitat suitability models." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1835.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Urban growth and population growth led to the construction of a gigantic road network around the world. This network is responsible for several impacts on fauna, flora and the environment, such as road kill, isolation of populations, facilitating the establishment of invasive species, river siltation, among others. However, although road ecology has advanced recently, there are still many gaps on how roads affect fauna, as little is known about how effects of changing the structure of highways can modify animal-vehicle collisions. This study aims to evaluate some of the impacts of roads on species of medium and large mammals in fragmented and naturally heterogeneous landscapes. Using a functional group approach based on animal sensitivity to disturbance and displacement capacity, I set out to answer three questions, one in each chapter: 1) the contribution of various landscape indices to predict wildlife road kill; 2) highway duplication and the implementation of wildlife crossing structures alter animal road kill; 3) duplication of roads change the way fauna road kill is correlated with the landscape metrics. To answer the first and third questions, we have developed innovative methods combining road kill data with a multi-scale approach with landscape metrics involving quantity and distance of various landscape elements, such as natural vegetation, cerrado, water, forestry and sugar cane. This method proposed was derived from habitat suitability model, and proved very promising for estimating the probability of animal road kill. Each functional group of species responded differently to landscape elements. Distance and amount of vegetation has been more important to estimate road kill probability of more sensitive mammals, but the amount of sugar cane also contributed to these results. The proposed method is highly replicable and can be easily applied in other regions with other taxa. The second question was addressed in an analytical way, with a conventional hypothesis testing approach. We found that, in general, there was no significant difference between road kill before and after road duplication. However, when considering the functional groups, and even species, some changes were significant for both increasing and reducing road kill. We also found that the proximity of wildlife crossing structures to road kill records did not reduce the frequency of animal-vehicle collision, indicating that such mitigation measures may not have been appropriate to reduce animal road mortality. Finally, in the third chapter we have proposed a new approach to estimate the changes in animal road kill probability before and after duplication of highways. In this chapter we recorded an increase in the probability of road kill after duplication for generalist species with high mobility. The methods proposed here are easy to implement in several actions related to roads, both for seeking their structural improvement and for making them more sustainable for biodiversity.
O crescimento urbano e o aumento populacional levaram a construção de uma gigantesca malha rodoviária ao redor do mundo. Essa malha é responsável por diversos impactos causados sobre a fauna, meio físico e flora, tais como: atropelamentos, isolamento de populações, facilitação no estabelecimento de espécies invasoras, assoreamento de rios, entre outros. Entretanto, embora a ecologia de estradas tenha avançado recentemente, ainda existem muitas lacunas sobre como elas afetam a fauna, da mesma forma que pouco se sabe sobre como os efeitos da mudança na estrutura das rodovias podem modificar o atropelamento de animais. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar alguns dos impactos das rodovias sobre espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em paisagens fragmentadas e naturalmente heterogêneas. Utilizando uma abordagem de grupos funcionais baseados na sensibilidade à perturbação e na capacidade de deslocamento, me propus a responder três perguntas, sendo cada uma um capítulo: 1) qual a contribuição de diversos índices de paisagem para prever o atropelamento de fauna; 2) a duplicação das rodovias e a implementação de passagens de fauna alteram a taxa de atropelamentos dos animais; 3) a duplicação das rodovias altera a maneira que os atropelamentos de fauna são correlacionados com as métricas da paisagem. Para responder a primeira e terceira perguntas, desenvolvemos métodos inovadores combinando aos dados de atropelamentos, uma abordagem multi-escala de métricas da paisagem envolvendo quantidade e distância de diversos elementos da paisagem, como vegetação natural, cerrado, água, silvicultura e cana-de-açúcar. O método proposto no primeiro capítulo, derivado do modelo de adequabilidade de habitat, se mostrou bastante promissor para estimar a probabilidade de atropelamentos. Cada grupo funcional de espécies respondeu de forma diferente aos elementos da paisagem. Distância e quantidade de vegetação foram mais importantes para prever o atropelamento de mamíferos mais sensíveis, mas quantidade de cana de açúcar também contribuiu para os resultados. O método proposto apresenta alta replicabilidade e pode ser utilizado facilmente em outras regiões e para outros táxons. A segunda pergunta foi abordada de forma mais analítica, com uma abordagem de teste de hipótese convencional. Verificamos que, de modo geral, não houve diferença significativa entre os atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação da estrada. Entretanto, ao se considerar os grupos funcionais, e mesmo as espécies, algumas alterações foram significativas tanto para o aumento e redução de atropelamentos, conforme o foco da análise. Ainda neste capítulo verificamos que a proximidade das passagens de fauna aos atropelamentos não reduziu a taxa de atropelamento, indicando que tais medidas de mitigação podem não estar sendo apropriadas para reduzir a mortalidade por atropelamentos. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo propusemos uma nova abordagem para estimar as mudanças dos atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação das rodovias. Neste capítulo registramos um aumento na probabilidade de atropelamento de espécies depois da duplicação para espécies generalistas e com maior mobilidade. O uso dos métodos propostos neste trabalho são de fácil implementação em diversas ações relacionadas a estradas, tanto visando sua melhoria estrutural quanto para torná-las mais sustentáveis para a biodiversidade.
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Brum, Fernanda Thiesen. "Integrando aspectos filogenéticos e funcionais na biogeografia da conservação de vertebrados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117879.

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Estimativas recentes mostram que as taxas atuais de extinção são muito maiores do que o indicado pelo registro fóssil, sendo as principais ameaças resultado da atividade humana. Como a crise da biodiversidade age em todas as escalas e não apresenta fronteiras políticas, a aplicação do arcabouço teórico da biogeografia da conservação e do planejamento sistemático para conservação se torna muito útil para a identificação de áreas com alto valor de conservação que sejam significativas em um contexto global, continental ou regional. Além da dimensão taxonômica, as dimensões funcional e filogenética da biodiversidade são componentes importantes para a conservação, e a sua perda implica não somente em perda de espécies, mas também na perda de funções ecossistêmicas e de trajetórias evolutivas. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar como o impacto humano atual gerado pelo uso da terra, influencia padrões funcionais (relacionados ao risco de extinção, Capítulo 1) e filogenéticos (Capítulo 2) de distribuição, e como informações filogenéticas e de atributos podem ser utilizadas para informar priorização espacial pra conservação (Capítulo 3). Nos capítulos 1 e 2 encontrei que a influência do uso da terra sobre a biodiversidade não está restrita apenas às escalas mais locais e de paisagem, mas também já é perceptível em escalas geográficas amplas. Além disso, verifiquei que o uso da terra tem impacto não somente na dimensão taxonômica, mas também nas dimensões filogenética e funcional da diversidade de vertebrados nessa escala macrogeográfica. Isso demonstra a necessidade de um planejamento de ocupação e manejo de áreas utilizadas para atividades humana em ampla escala também, pois o impacto humano não se dá mais somente em escalas finas. O uso atual da terra representa uma ameaça real maior para algumas linhagens de anfíbios (Capítulo 1) e de primatas (Capítulo 2), como, por exemplo, Microhylidae e Atelidae, respectivamente. Isso reforça a necessidade de utilizarmos abordagens filogenéticas que identifiquem quais linhagens estão mais suscetíveis aos impactos decorrentes de atividades humanas. Ao tentar maximizar a a conservação das dimensões taxonômica, filogenética e funcional da biodiversidade de mamíferos, a congruência entre as áreas selecionadas como prioritárias foi baixa. A integração dos diferentes componentes da biodiversidade para selecionar áreas mais eficientes para a conservação das espécies ainda é um desafio. O desencontro entre as prioridades de conservação para as diferentes dimensões da biodiversidade ressalta a necessidade o desenvolvimento de abordagens mais integrativas para a conservação da biodiversidade.
Recent estimates show that current exticntion rates are much higher than the indicated by fossil records. The causes of this elevated rate are mostly result of human activities. The biodiversity crisis affects all scales and presents no political boundaries, the application of the theoretical and analytical framework of Conservation Biogeography and Systematic Conservation Planning becomes very useful to identify meaningful areas with high conservation value locally and globally. In addition to taxonomic diversity, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of biodiversity are also important components to preserve, and their loss implies not only on species number, but also loss of ecosystem services and evolutionary history. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate how impacts of human land use influences functional (related to extinction risk, Chapter 1) and phylogenetic (Chapter 2) distribution patterns, and how phylogenetic and trait information could be used to inform spatial conservation prioritization (Chapter 3). In the chapter 1 and 2 I found that the influence of land use on the biodiversity is not constrained to local and landscape scales, but has an effect at broad-scales too. Besides, I verified that land use impacts on phylogenetic and functional dimensions on macrogeographical scales. These results show a need of creating a broad scale planning for ocupation and management of areas intended to human activities. Current land use is a major threat to some lineages of amphibians (Chapter 1) and primates (Chapter 2), as for example Microhylidae and Atelidae respectively. That reinforces the need of phylogenetics approaches that identify which lineages are more exposed to human activities. We found low congruence between priority areas for maximize the conservation of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetics dimensions of biodiversity. The integration of the differnt componentes of diversity to conservation still is a chalenge. The mismatch of the conservation priorities across the different dimension highlights the necessity of an integrative approach to biodiversity conservation.
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Leakey, Louise Nicol. "Body weight estimation of Bovidae and Plio-Pleistocene faunal change, Turkana Basin, Kenya." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249743.

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Books on the topic "Mammal fauna"

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Nguyen, Xuan Dang. Taxonomy of mammals and characteristics of mammal fauna of Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam: Pub. House for Sciences and Technology, 2009.

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Murmu, Atindra. Mammal and avi-fauna of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2013.

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Gorreri, L. I danni provocati dalla fauna selvatica e i mezzi per contenerli. Bologna: Edagricole, 2000.

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Hooker, Jerry J. The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London. London: Palaeontographical Society, 2010.

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Danni causati dalla fauna selvatica all'agricoltura: Firenze, 2 luglio 2009. Firenze: Edizioni Polistampa, 2010.

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Jones, Scott L. A comparison of small mammal communities in old pine forests and other common forest types in Sault Ste. Marie district. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1993.

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Kolfschoten, Thijs van. The evolution of the mammal fauna in the Netherlands and the Middle Rhine area (Western Germany) during the late middle pleistocene. Utrecht: Utrecht University, Institute of Earth Sciences, 1990.

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Untermassfeld: A late early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2006.

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Leonovich, Kontrimavichus Vitautas, and Prūsaitė Janina 1925-, eds. Lietuvos fauna. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1988.

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Stidworthy, John. Mammals. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mammal fauna"

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Rainho, Ana, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir, Javier Juste, and Jorge M. Palmeirim. "Current Knowledge and Conservation of the Wild Mammals of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 593–619. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_22.

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AbstractOceanic islands are usually difficult for mammals to colonize; consequently, the native mammal fauna is typically species-poor, often consisting of just a few species of bats. The oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are no exception to this pattern. Still, the known mammal richness is relatively high for the small size of the islands. Out of a total of 13 native species, including 11 bats and 2 shrews, at least 7 species and 3 subspecies are single-island endemics. In addition to native species, at least 6 other wild mammals have been introduced to the islands purposely or accidentally by humans. Some of these are among the world’s most notorious invasive species and cause damage to native species, ecosystems, and humans. Predation by exotic species can threaten native island mammals, which are especially sensitive due to their small populations and limited ranges. These impacts are likely worsened by other threats, such as forest degradation and climate change, and a general lack of knowledge about the natural history of most species also hampers the implementation of conservation measures. Therefore, fostering further research on the endemic-rich mammal fauna of these islands is vital to ensure their persistence.
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Storch, G., and O. Fejfar. "Gundersheim-Findling, A Ruscinian Rodent Fauna of Asian Affinities from Germany." In European Neogene Mammal Chronology, 405–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_23.

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Mendoza, Eduardo, Roger Guevara, and Rodolfo Dirzo. "Impacts of Land Use and Cover Change on Land Mammal Distribution Ranges Across Mexican Ecosystems." In Mexican Fauna in the Anthropocene, 269–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17277-9_12.

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Tasker, Elizabeth M., and Christopher R. Dickman. "Small mammal community composition in relation to cattle grazing and associated burning in eucalypt forests of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 721–40. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.043.

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Nilon, Charles, and Scott Huckstep. "Impacts of Site Disturbance on the Small Mammal Fauna of Urban Woodlands." In Urban Ecology, 623–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88583-9_123.

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Lara Díaz, Nalleli E., Jorge L. Reyes Díaz, Mircea G. Hidalgo Mihart, and Carlos A. López González. "Mexican Terrestrial Mammals in the Anthropocene." In Mexican Fauna in the Anthropocene, 215–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17277-9_10.

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Heißig, Kurt. "The Faunal Succession of the Bavarian Molasse Reconsidered — Correlation of the Mn 5 and Mn 6 Faunas." In European Neogene Mammal Chronology, 181–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_13.

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Lunney, Daniel, and Alison Matthews. "Conserving the forest mammals of New South Wales." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 988–1021. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.988.

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Winter, J. W. "Northeastern Queensland: some conservation issues highlighted by forest mammals." In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna, 113–18. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1991.010.

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Winter, John W. "Forest mammals of northern Queensland: is their conservation status improving?" In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 435–51. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mammal fauna"

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Hohman, Charlotte J. H., and Alton C. Dooley. "THE SMALL MAMMAL FAUNA FROM THE PLEISTOCENE HARVESTON LOCALITY, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329069.

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Larion, Alina, Tatiana Cirlig, Victoria Nistreanu, Vladislav Caldari, Natalia Dibolscaia, and Victoria Burlacu. "Diversity of mammal fauna from the area Cricova-Goian of Ichel river basin, Republic of Moldova." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.54.

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The studies were performed in 2017- 2021 in various types of ecosystems from the area Cricova-Goian of Ichel river basin. 45 species of mammals were registered: one hedgehog species, 5 species of Soricomorpha, 12 bat species, 18 rodent species, one hare species, 6 carnivorous species and 2 artiodactyl species. The multiannual dynamics of bat communities in Cricova and Goianul Noi stone mines was assessed. The rodent species were the most numerous and spread in the ecosystems of the studied area. 14 species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova.
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Bulimaga, Constantin, Victoria Nistreanu, Corina Certan, Olesea Gliga, and Alina Larion. "Diversitatea vegetala si animala a ecosistemului urban Orhei." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.02.

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Lately, the problem of biodiversity conservation is becoming more and more acute due to increase of anthropogenic impact. With the evolution of anthropogenic ecosystems, it also increases the vulnerability of species and biodiversity in general, as a result affecting ecological balance and environmental quality. The purpose of the researches was to evaluate the flora and fauna diversity in the Orhei urban ecosystem. The study was conducted during 2017 in 10 urban stations. Floral researches enumerate the presence of 146 species of magnoliophyte plants, grouped in 127 genera from 45 families. The most numerous were the species of the families: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Poaceae. The most frequents species are the eurybionte with wide ecological amplitude, some of which are included in the invasive species category. Vertebrates researches have revealed the fact, that the mammal fauna includes 29 species with a higher effective in the green areas of the urban ecosystem. The birds population of the ecosystem enumerate 58 species, prevail those from order Passeriformes.
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Nistreanu, Victoria, Vladimir Turcan, Alina Larion, Vladislav Caldari, Natalia Dibolscaia, and Silvia Ursul. "Terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the landscape reserve „La castel” from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.56.

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The studies were performed in the period 2015-2021 in various ecosystems of the Landscape Reserve „La Castel” from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova. The amphibian are represented by 11 species of the orders Urodela and Anura. Among reptiles 8 species from two orders have been identified: Testudines with one species and Squamata with 7 species. 11 species of herpethofauna are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. The ornithofauna was represented by over 120 species and is dominated by the silvicolous species. Four bird species are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. The mammal fauna includes 45 species, of which 13 are listed in the Red Book of Moldova. A large maternity colony of Myotis blythii was monitored during the last years. The Reserve „La Castel” represent an important scientific site and the studies will continue.
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Pascari, Viorica, and Anatolie David. "Componenţa sistematică şi diversitatea mamiferelor din nivelul paleolitic (III) de locuire umană a staţiunii paleolitice Brânzeni I." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.19.

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The article presents the characteristic of the systematic composition and diversity of skeletal remains of mammals in the third level of human habitation of the Paleolithic site in the cave of Brânzeni I, Edinet district. The archaeological and paleontological remains discovered here are attributed to a new archaeological culture for Europe – Brânzeni. The inhabitants of this site hunted horses, reindeer, bison, deer, rhino, mammoth, hares, marmot and other mammals, that met in thesite area and were the main source of food for tribal members. The bones of small animal species (insectivores, rodents etc.) discovered in the inhabiting level of the Palaeolithic site originated from the decomposition of predatory bird pellets and of the feces of carnivores living in the cave while it was temporarily abandoned by the Paleolithic hunters. The archaeological and paleontological materials presented in this information are of interest for the knowledge of the peculiarities of geological history, fauna of paleogeography and the human society of the given area, have instructive, cognitive and ecotouristic value.
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Muntean, Octavian-Liviu, Viorel Arghius, Vlad Macicasan, Cristian Malos, and Gheorghe Rosian. "USING RIAM AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (A CASE STUDY ON A NATURAL PROTECTED AREA IN ROMANIA)." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.021.

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Environmental impact assessment is a complex scientific process that often exceeds procedural and legislative aspects. The data and information used in the EIA derive from various sources, so they must be integrated using an appropriate methodology. The established assessment methods are Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) and Geographic Information System (GIS), each allowing the integration of observations, data, and environmental information. The present study aims to apply RIAM and GIS to the impact assessment on the natural protected area in Romania (ROSCI0227 (Sighi?oara - Tarnava Mare, part of the European Ecological Network NATURA 2000). This area has large geodiversity and biodiversity represented by eighteen natural habitats (e.g., wood pastures, shrubs, and old forests) and over thirty-six threatened species of flora and fauna (e.g., amphibians, bats, birds, and mammals). Although it has the status of conservation of flora, fauna species, and habitats, the analyzed natural area is subject to evident anthropogenic pressures and threats. The presence of old human settlements, transport infrastructure networks, and traditional rural and urban industrial activities are factors for generating and amplifying anthropogenic impacts on the environment and protected biodiversity. The integrated evaluation methodology allows for obtaining matrixes based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative geographical and ecological data. The interpolation action of these scores (based on the Inverse Distance Interpolated Method) results in a thematic map of impacts. This methodology has the advantage of rapid implementation and transparency, even if the experts� opinions prevail in the approach and interpretation of environmental impacts.
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Lambert, W. David. "Do Ecosystems Ever Converge? Evidence From Faunal Size Distributions Of Late Miocene North American Mammals." In ISIS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1900413.

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Silviria, Jason. "Biogeography and Biostratigraphy of North American Eutherian Mammals During the Puercan Faunal Stage (paleocene, Earliest Danian)." In 2018 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2018.757.

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Shimalov, V. V. "MONITORING OF THE HELMINTH FAUNA OF SHREWS MAMMALS LIVING ON THE BANKS OF RECLAMATION CANALS LOCATED ALONG ROADS IN BELORUSSIAN POLESIE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-327-331.

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Shpansky, A. V. "FAUNAL COMPLEXES OF LARGE MAMMALS OF THE MIDDLE–LATE NEOPLEISTOCENE OF WESTERN SIBERIA: A NEW VIEW ON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY." In PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC IN BOREAL REGIONS. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics (SB RAS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0104-0-432.

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