Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malononitrile'
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Foucat, Loïc. "Etude par RMN de la dynamique rotationnelle du malononitrile." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376051883.
Full textFoucat, Loïc. "Etude par rmn de la dynamique rotationnelle du malononitrile." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066377.
Full textBenkhai, Amine. "Spectrométrie infrarouge des excitons et réapparition de phase dans le cristal moléculaire de malononitrile." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2306.
Full textHout, Joseph J. "Identification of compounds formed during the low temperature heat dispersal of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2006. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Hout2006.pdf.
Full textTayyari, Fariba. "Efficient one-pot reductive alkylations of malononitrile with aromatic aldehydes and one-pot synthesis of new 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399195.
Full textDepartment of Chemistry
Crump, P. W. "The radiosensitization of Escherichia coli by malononitriles." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353978.
Full textMoimare, Pierluigi. "Sintesi e caratterizzazione strutturale di derivati piperidinici e morfolinici chirali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19197/.
Full textChityala, Madhu. "Chemistry of Cyanoform (Tricyanomethane); and Rearrangement of 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles to the Corresponding 2H-Isomers." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216192.
Full textCyanoform (Tricyanomethan) ist eine der stärksten in der Literatur beschriebenen organischen Kohlenstoffsäuren, welche sich seit 120 Jahren einer erfolgreichen Synthese und Isolierung entzogen hat. In dieser Arbeit wird die säurefreie Synthese des Cyanoforms mittels eines neuartigen Ansatzes diskutiert. Die Bildung des schwer fassbaren Moleküls durch Photolyse und Thermolyse von 2 (Azidomethyliden)malonitril ist bei tiefen Temperaturen durch 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR und relevante 2D-NMR-Methoden bestätigt worden. Es konnte bewiesen werden, dass Cyanoform relative stabil ist, aber erst unterhalb von –85 °C detektierbar ist und nicht bereits bei hӧherer Temperature (bei –45 °C, wie es in der Literatur beschrieben wurde) bedingt durch die rasche Äquilibrierung mit einer weiteren Species. Des Weiteren wurde die Reaktivität von Cyanoform in Ringerweiterungsreaktionen mit verschiedenen, stark gespannten Epoxiden, Azirinen und Aziridinen untersucht, wobei das hoch reaktive Dicyanoketenimin-Intermediat durchlaufen wird. Auch die Michael-Addition an α,β ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen wurde ausführlich untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die Synthese N1 substituierter 1,2,3-Triazole und deren Umlagerung in N2 substituierte 1,2,3-Triazole unter thermischen und nucleophil-katalysierten Bedingungen erforscht
Swift, Elizabeth Claire. "Development of Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation Reactions of Alkylidene Malononitriles and Stereospecific Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Electrophiles." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592019.
Full textTransition-metal catalysis has enabled the development of an unprecedented number of mild and selective C-C bond-forming reactions. We sought to access the reactivity of palladium and nickel catalysts for two types of transformations: conjugate allylations and sp3-sp 3 cross-coupling reactions.
Conjugate allylation of malononitriles was evaluated with N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated palladium complexes. The allylation was found to yield a variety of mono-allylated products. These results are in contrast to the bis-allylation of malononitriles using other palladium-based catalysts. Additionally, conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles was found to be accelerated in the presence of sulfoxide substitution on the pyrrole ring. These substrates are lead compounds for the development of an enantioselective allylation reaction.
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become standard practice in organic synthesis. Recent advances in alkyl-alkyl couplings have been transformative in the way organic chemists approach the construction of target molecules. This dissertation focuses on the development of stereospecific sp3-sp3 cross-coupling reactions. We discovered that in the presence of nickel catalysts, secondary benzylic ethers were found to undergo stereospecific substitution reactions with Grignard reagents. Reactions proceeded with inversion of configuration and high stereochemical fidelity. This reaction allows for facile enantioselective synthesis of biologically active diarylethanes from readily available optically enriched carbinols.
Subsequently, this reaction was expanded to dialkylzinc reagents and the first stereospecific Negishi cross-coupling reaction of secondary benzylic esters was developed. A series of traceless directing groups were evaluated for their ability to promote cross-coupling with dimethylzinc. Esters with a chelating thioether derived from commercially-available 2-(methylthio)acetic acid were found to be the most effective. The products were formed in high yield and with excellent stereospecificity. A variety of functional groups were tolerated in the reaction including alkenes, alkynes, esters, amines, imides, and O-, S-, and N-heterocycles. The utility of this transformation was highlighted in the enantioselective synthesis of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist.
Vergnat, Virginie. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques par greffage covalent de polymères sur des oxydes métalliques." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/VERGNAT_Virginie_2011.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to elaborate well defined polymer/metal oxide hybrid materials and to study their physical properties. These materials were prepared by the “grafting from” method, which consists in a first step to covalently graft a polymerization-initiator molecule onto the surface of the nanoparticles. In a second step, polymerization was performed from the initiator anchored on the surface of the nanoparticles. Firstly, we presented the metal oxide nanoparticles used for the preparation of hybrid materials: cobalt ferrite synthesized by coprecipitation, non-aggregated iron oxide synthesized by thermal decomposition, titanium dioxide and hematite commercially available. We focused particularly on the large-scale synthesis of non-aggregated iron oxide nanoparticles and on the evolution of the reaction medium during the synthesis, which allowed us to specify the role of each step in the process of thermal decomposition. Then, we presented the grafting of polymerization-initiator molecules onto the surface of the metal oxides. The polymerization-initiator molecules are composed of an active tertiary bromide and a phosphonic acid end group. After that, we studied the atom transfer radical polymerization of different monomers (styrene, methyl methacrylate) on the functionalized nanoparticles and several hypotheses were proposed to explain the low initiator efficiency when the polymerization is performed at the nanoparticles surfaces. Then the morphology of the hybrid materials was presented. Finally, we studied mechanical properties (by nanoindentation or nanoscratch) of the obtained hybrid materials, as well as rheological, thermal and magnetic properties
Lino, Aline Monteiro. "Síntese, caracterização, estudos fotofísicos e acompanhamento in situ da reação de formação do corante (E)-2-[3-[4-(difenilamina)-fenil]-1-(p-tolil)-alilideno] malononitrila por microscopia de fluorescência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-31032016-140123/.
Full textIn this project the synthesis of (E) -2- [3- [4- (diphenylamine) phenyl] -1- (p-tolyl) - allylidene] -malononitrile (DFTAM) dye, from the condensation reaction between 4- (diphenylamino) benzaldehyde and 2- [1- (4-methylphenyl) ethylidene]-malononitrile using piperidine basic catalysis has been achieved. The dye was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance 13C and 1H and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. To study DFTAM photophysical properties, absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, fluorescence decay and transient absorption spectrum were recorded in solvents with different polarity and viscosity. Two absorption bands of DFTAM were observed, the first one at 303 nm was solvent independent while the second one at about 490 nm, had bathochromic shift with increasing polarity of the medium. In the visible region of excitation the maximum of the dye emission band observed varied between 517 and 630 nm, upon increasing solvent polarity. Fluorescence decays showed two distinct components, a fast one in picosecond time scale and a slow one in nanoseconds. Transient absorption experiments indicated the presence of three species with different lifetimes, one longer than 10 ms and the other two with lifetimes about 2 and 22 μs. Cationic, nonionic, anionic surfactants were also used to produce micelles for easy solubilization of DFTAM. It was observed that the dye interacted with the micelles, improving its fluorescence yield and lifetime. Finally, the DFTAM formation reaction was monitored in situby TIRF wide field microscopy technique at single molecule level. The basic catalysis was tested for MgO nanoparticles and glass surface functionalized with bound piperazine. Through the fluorescence intermittency time trace obtained from TIRF movies, the discrete formation of dye molecules was only observed in the case of piperazine catalytic cycles.
Murali, Dheeptha. "Chemistry of quinoline-2-carbaldehyde derivatives with malononitrile and formation of indolizines." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1657738.
Full textIntroduction/background -- Preparation of quinoline derivatives and their respective carboxaldehydes -- Preparation of monosubstituted malononitriles and indolizines.
Department of Chemistry
Huang, Lan-hui, and 黃藍慧. "Electronic Properties Study of Malononitrile Derivative Containing Polyfluorene Based Organic Thin-Film Transistors." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83573782615186866371.
Full text雲林科技大學
光學電子工程研究所
98
In this research, We discussed that the use of malononitrile derivative containing polyfluorene as the organic active layer in organic thin-film transistors. We used two different conjugated polymer to change weight concentration ratios of is 1wt%、3wt%、5wt% in organic active layer of processing conditions. The electricity of the organic thin film transistor was affected by two different conjugated polymer as organic active layer. The first experiment is the making of the thin-film capacitor. We fabricated the MIM capacitors with ITO/TiO2 /Cu structure. First, the ITO glass substrates were used chemical cleaning procession. Second, We fabricated different layers thickness of TiO2 in gate insulators. Finally, the Cu electrode was patterned by the metal mask and was deposited on the insulator of TiO2. The results showed the largest capacitance was C（1 layer）=2.98 nF. The lower leakage current density is J（2 layers）= -9.56×10-3A/cm2. The second experiment is to apply the results of the first experiment in the OTFT devices. The devices have four major layers: gate electrode, organic gate insulator layer, organic active layer and source/drain electrode. We use thermal evaporator and different masks to grow the source/drain electrode except the organic gate insulator layer and organic active layer, which is fabricated by spin coating technique. The results showed the best mobility are μ（MPFM）=2.36 cm2/Vs、μ（HPFM）=-0.37 cm2/Vs. The results showed the best on/off current ratio are Ion/off（MPFM）=1.69、Ion/off（HPFM）=1.21.
Chang, Hsin Han, and 張欣涵. "Synthesis And Photophysics Characterization Of Fluoren-9-One And Fluoren-9-Ylidene-Malononitrile Derivatives." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n23d7d.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
生物科技研究所
100
The synthesis of four fluorene-based compounds when Fluorenone (CO) and Fluoren-9-Ylidene Malononireile C(CN)2 derivatives were introduced into position 9 of molecule by reported. The structures of Fluorenone (CO) and Fluoren-9-Ylidene Malononireile C(CN)2 derivatives were confirmed Mass spectrometry, FT-IR and NMR. The optical properties were analyzed by Absorption and fluorescence properties of compounds in polar solvents and observed solvatochromic behavior. Subsequently the fluorescence quantum yield of compounds was calculated.Then showing that higher values were obtained for compounds when CO derivative was present in molecule.
Tsai, Pei-Chung, and 蔡培中. "Air-stable N-channel Organic Field-effect Transistors Based on Naphthalene diamide malononitrile Derivatives." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d5fmt9.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
應用化學系
106
In order to develop more air-stable N-type materials applied to Organic Field-effect Transistors (OFETs), in this study we adopted bisisatin as our main structure to design air stable n-type semiconductor, we substituted the malononitrile at 3-position of isatin in order to decrease low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels which cause them potential candidates for high- performance n-channel OSCs for application in OFETs. We have successfully synthesized Naphthalene diamide malononitrile Derivatives NDAM-C8 and NDAM-C2C6,and they are different betweem their alkyl side chains which are 1-Octylamine、2-Ethyl-hexylamine respectively, then we investigated their thermo-stability, optical properties, electrochemical properties. Furthermore, we also fabricated our compounds on OFET devices under various conditions, used XRD and AFM to probe crystalline packing or film morphology of semiconductors. NDAM-C8 have carrier mobility up to 3.03×10-4 cm2V-1s-1 and the Ion/off 4.7×102 of devices under ambient conditions.NDAM-C2C6 have better device performance, it have highest carrier mobility up to 6.32×10-1 cm2V-1s-1 and the best Ion/off 4.0×106 of devices under ambient conditions. This compound possess N-channel charge transport characteristics when used as the active semiconductor in organic thin-film transistors (OFETs). Key words: air-stable、N-type materials、Organic Field effect Transistors、Naphthalene diamide malononitrile Derivatives
Liu, Li-Wei, and 劉力瑋. "Synthesis and Electroluminescence Properties of a series of Malononitrile Derivative Containing Hyper-branched Conjugated Polymers." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kbbj7c.
Full text國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程研究所
96
A series of main chain polymers were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction with malononitrile derivative and fluorine, or malononitrile derivative and Thiophene. Moreover, the hyperbranched polymers were synthesized by the same way with electron-withdrawing group triazine as molecular cores. All the polymers were end-capped with p-brombo-toluene. Four red light emitting polymers (LEPs) namely MPFM, HPFM, MPTM and HPTM were synthesized in this study. The maximal UV-Vis absorption and the PL emission of four polymers in solid film were 448, 457, 427, 447 nm and 572, 562, 585, 575 nm, respectively. After thermal annealing, the optical properties were changed with the morphology modification. The thermal annealing effect on electroluminescence properties of the polymer light emitting diodes are discussed. After annealing at 80 ℃ for 1 hr, the brightness, current efficiency, and Commission Internation de L’Eclairage CIE of HPFM were 1031 cd/m2, 1.97 cd/A, and CIE (0.48, 0.56), which was the best performance of four polymers. Then after annealing at 160 ℃ for 1hr , the brightness, current efficiency, and CIE of HPTM were 213 cd/m2, 0.11 cd/A and CIE (0.64, 0.36). Deep red emission was observed. In this study, blue light emitting hyperbranched conjugated polymer PTFA10 was blended with 3 wt. %, 6 wt.% and 8 wt.% HPFM to fabricate white polymer light emitting diodes (WPLEDs). After annealing at 80 ℃ for 1 hr, the brightness, current efficiency, and CIE of the EPLEDs were 3523, 3252, 4173 cd/m2, and 2.19, 3.30, 4.69 cd/A, and (0.21, 0.34), (0.28, 0.49), and (0.23, 0.39).
徐偉育. "Bis-1,4-[2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile]benzene Derivatives for N-Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5j2773.
Full textChen, Yao-Huang, and 陳耀煌. "Fluorene/Thiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers Comprising Dibenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl methane and Malononitrile Pendants for Photovoltaic Devices." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64775064041456505024.
Full text國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
99
Novel fluorine/thiophene-based conjugated polymers with dibenzo [d] thiazol -2-yl methane and malononitrile based pendants were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reactions. All polymers exhibited good solubility in organic solvents and stable thermal properties. The introduction of dibenzo [d] thiazol-2-yl methane and malononitrile as side chains would broaden the absorption of solar spectra and modulate the band gap of polymers. With the various ratios of fluorine and thiophene, the HOMO level was located at an ideal range (-5.2~-5.8 eV). The photovoltaic characteristics- the Voc values are ranged from 0.62 to 0.65 eV; the Jsc values ranged from 1.40 to 4.34 mA/cm2; the FF values ranged from 0.25 to 0.27; the PCE values ranged from 0.23 to 0.73 %. The best performance of photovoltaic device was obtained using PFDBT-2Th/PCBM blend (1:1 w/w) as photo-energy conversion layer. The PCE of 0.73 %, a Voc of 0.62 eV, a Jsc of 4.34 mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.27 were achieved.
Chu, Kuo-Ching, and 朱國慶. "Alkylidene Derivative of Malononitrile as Allene Equivalent in Diels-Alder Reaction and Synthetic Studies on (±)-Laurencenone C and (±)-Blepharostol." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98245049032907563890.
Full textYEN, FENG-MING, and 顏豐明. "Bis-2,6-[2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile]naphthalene Derivatives for Air Stable N-Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9g3nd4.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
應用化學系
106
The development of air-stable n-type organic field-effect transistor (OFET) materials have attracted much attention owing to the necessity to combine them with air-stable p-type OFETs to fabricate organic complementary circuits have high performance. We have changed the previously published derivatives of dicyanomethylene substituted indol-2-one, adding naphthalene between dimers to increase their conjugation length and coplanarity. Design N-type semiconductor materials, which can be stable under ambient conditions. We have successfully synthesized BIMN-C2C6、BAIMN-C2C6 and BAIMN-C10C14, the difference among the three are whether there is an N atom replace the C atom on the benzene ring and the length of the alkyl chain. Then we investigated their thermo-stability, optical properties, electrochemical properties. To study the influence of the nitrogen substituent and alkyl chain on the electron-transporting properties of BIMN derivatives, top-contact bottom-gate OFETs were fabricated on PTS-modified SiO2 substrates. The thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the relationships between molecular structure, film morphology and crystallinity. Finally, the XRD spectra of BAIMN-C10C14 based film show good crystallinity, but the AFM image shows discontinuity between grains and the element efficiency is low. It is presumed that the concentration of the solution or the drag speed should be adjusted in the liquid phase process to make the semiconductor layer has good crystallinity and film continuity.
李侃蔚. "Bis-2, 2'-[2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Derivatives for Air Stable N-Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3pyg35.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
應用化學系
106
Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs) have been studied for many years, because of their potential applications in large area, flexible, and low cost complementary circuits. The carrier mobility and device stability of N-type is far behind than P-type, this is because of the LUMO of organic materials is higher than H2O and oxygen. In this study we demonstrate the Bis-2,2’[2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (BIMTT) derivatives and introduce cyano group onto isatins derivative is decrease the LUMO value, and make sure it becomes air-stable N-type OFET material. We success synthesis of BIMTT-C2C6、BAIMTT-C2C6、BAIMTT-C6C10 and BFTMTT-C6C10, the LUMO value is -4.00, -4.06, -4.02 and -4.03 eV calculate by cyclic voltammetry (CV), is lower than -3.8 eV, showed air-stable, the energy gap is 1.62, 1.44, 1.69 and 1.58 eV. In order to investigate the charge transport properties of BIMTT derivatives, we create devices by vapor deposition and solution process. The thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the relationships between molecular structure, film morphology, and device performance. In vapor deposition showed the XRD peak is weak, because of the molecular weight is too heavy to deposition. In solution process AFM showed the surface morphology is more rough when the bar move more quickly. Because of the film is not continuity which is showed on AFM and XRD spectroscopy. So all materials in this study not show the semiconductor property.
Moores, Lee C. "Malononitriles and cyanoacetamides containing isoxazoles and isoxazolines." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1657737.
Full textIntroduction and background literature -- Reactions of methylene complexes -- Synthesis of disubstituted methylene complexes.
Department of Chemistry
Chityala, Madhu. "Chemistry of Cyanoform (Tricyanomethane); and Rearrangement of 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles to the Corresponding 2H-Isomers: Chemistry of Cyanoform (Tricyanomethane); and Rearrangement of 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles to the Corresponding 2H-Isomers." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20618.
Full textCyanoform (Tricyanomethan) ist eine der stärksten in der Literatur beschriebenen organischen Kohlenstoffsäuren, welche sich seit 120 Jahren einer erfolgreichen Synthese und Isolierung entzogen hat. In dieser Arbeit wird die säurefreie Synthese des Cyanoforms mittels eines neuartigen Ansatzes diskutiert. Die Bildung des schwer fassbaren Moleküls durch Photolyse und Thermolyse von 2 (Azidomethyliden)malonitril ist bei tiefen Temperaturen durch 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR und relevante 2D-NMR-Methoden bestätigt worden. Es konnte bewiesen werden, dass Cyanoform relative stabil ist, aber erst unterhalb von –85 °C detektierbar ist und nicht bereits bei hӧherer Temperature (bei –45 °C, wie es in der Literatur beschrieben wurde) bedingt durch die rasche Äquilibrierung mit einer weiteren Species. Des Weiteren wurde die Reaktivität von Cyanoform in Ringerweiterungsreaktionen mit verschiedenen, stark gespannten Epoxiden, Azirinen und Aziridinen untersucht, wobei das hoch reaktive Dicyanoketenimin-Intermediat durchlaufen wird. Auch die Michael-Addition an α,β ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen wurde ausführlich untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die Synthese N1 substituierter 1,2,3-Triazole und deren Umlagerung in N2 substituierte 1,2,3-Triazole unter thermischen und nucleophil-katalysierten Bedingungen erforscht.