Relevant bibliographies by topics / Malononitrile

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Malononitrile'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Zanardi, Franca, Claudio Curti, Andrea Sartori, and Lucia Battistini. "Exploring the Remote Reactivity of π-Extended Carbonyl Compounds: The Vinylogous Alkylidene Malononitrile Activation Strategy." Synlett 29, no. 03 (November 15, 2017): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589125.

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The installation of malononitrile into π-extended carbonyl compounds gives rise to vinylogous alkylidene malononitriles (also known as π-extended dicyanovinylidenes), the direct functionalization of which at remote C(sp3) pronucleophilic sites becomes possible and viable. Starting from easily accessible representative polyunsaturated malononitriles, mild conditions were found to directly couple them to complementary enal acceptors. In all cases, the malononitrile handle proved an indispensable (and optionally traceless) activating ingredient for the vinylogous reactions to proceed efficiently and selectively. Merging the vinylogy concept with the malononitrile HOMO-raising activation strategy and complementary organocatalytic activation modalities (i.e. LUMO-lowering iminium ion activation) turned out to be a successful option, as demonstrated by the number of diverse carbocyclic and heterocyclic chiral products that were (stereo)selectively accessed through this chemistry.1 Introduction2 Reactions of Cyclohexenylidene Malononitriles with Enals3 Reactions of Allylidene Malononitriles with Enals4 Reactions of Indolylmethylene Malononitriles with Enals5 Conclusion
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Szwed, Krystyna Bogdanowicz, Hanna Feret, and Małgorzata Lipowska. "The Reaction of Malononitrile with Some Enamines of 1-Indanone Synthesis of o-Aminonitriles of Indenopyridine and Indenothiopyran." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0518.

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(4).The reaction of enamines of 1-oxo-indan-2-carboxylic acid anilides (1) with malononitrile yielded 2-arylcarbamylindenylidene-malononitriles (3), which in alkaline solution underwent cyclization to indenopyridines Enamines of 1-oxo-indan-2-carbothionic acid anilides (2) reacted with malononitrile yielding indenothiopyrans (6), which under influence of alkalis were transformed to indenopyridines (8).
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Reddy Gajulapalli, V. Pratap, Poopathy Vinayagam, and Venkitasamy Kesavan. "Enantioselective assembly of functionalized carbocyclic spirooxindoles using anl-proline derived thiourea organocatalyst." RSC Advances 5, no. 10 (2015): 7370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13711f.

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Dotsenko, Victor V., Inessa A. Kotlova, Nikolai A. Aksenov, and Inna V. Aksenova. "Synthesis of (3-Cyano-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-ylidene) Malononitriles." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06524.

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Dhivare, Ravindra S., and S. S. Rajput. "Malononitrile: A Versatile Active Methylene Group." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 2015): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.57.126.

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The title role of malononitrile in the development of Knoevenagel condensation of organic synthesis and their new findings are explored in this review. The active methylene group of malononitriles is very important attacking part in the heterocyclic conversions and also having a great potency towards several microbial and biological systems.
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Saikia, Anil. "Malononitrile." Synlett, no. 12 (2004): 2247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-832822.

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Kozyrod, RP, J. Morgan, and JT Pinhey. "The C-Arylation of α-Cyano Esters and Malononitriles by Aryllead(IV) Triacetates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 3 (1991): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9910369.

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The arylation of soft carbon nucleophiles by aryllead (IV) triacetates has been extended to α- cyano esters and malononitriles. Arylation did not occur with the parent compounds, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile, but in both series monosubstituted compounds reacted to give α-aryl derivatives in synthetically useful yields. A study of the effect of some tertiary aromatic amines and dimethyl sulfoxide, substances which complex with lead(IV), has been carried out, and in two cases the influence of bulky α- substituents has been examined.
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Ibrahim, Yusria R. "Synthesis of spiro(cyclohexa-diene-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-4-ylidene)-malononitrile derivatives." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 8 (August 2009): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x466717.

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The reaction of 4-substituted aryldiazenyl-1 H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines with 7,7′,8,8′-tetra-cyanoquinodimethane gave 2-(2′,7′-diamino-6′-cyano-3′-(aryldiazenyl)-4′ H-spiro(cyclohexa[2,5]-diene-1,5′-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-4-ylidene) malononitriles in 63–79% yield, while, by reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole with 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2-(3′-amino-4′-cyano-6′ H-spiro-(cyclohexa[2′,5′]diene-1,5′-benzo( d)-imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidine)-4-ylidene)malononitrile was formed in 71% yield. Rationales for these transformations are presented.
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Sammelson, Robert, Fariba Tayyari, Dwight Wood, and Phillip Fanwick. "Monosubstituted Malononitriles: Efficient One-Pot Reductive Alkylations of Malononitrile with Aromatic Aldehydes." Synthesis 2008, no. 2 (January 2008): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-990945.

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Hammouda, M., A. S. El-Ahl, Y. M. El-Toukhee, and M. A. Metwally. "Reactions of Ketonic Mannich Bases with Malononitrile and Malononitrile dimer." Journal of Chemical Research 2002, no. 2 (February 2002): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823402103171258.

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The reaction of malononitrile with the tertiary Mannich base hydrochloride derived from acetophenone and some related compounds 1, 3, 5 and 7, in piperidine at 50°C afforded the pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives 2, tetrahydronaphthalene derivative 4 substituted quinolines 6 and benzopyran derivatives 8. While the condensation of malononitrile dimer with acetophenone, cyclohexanone and/ or α-tetralone Mannich bases hydrochloride 1, 3 and 9 gave the pyridine, isoquinoline and benzo[f]isoquinoline derivatives 10–12 in moderate to good yield.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Foucat, Loïc. "Etude par RMN de la dynamique rotationnelle du malononitrile." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376051883.

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Foucat, Loïc. "Etude par rmn de la dynamique rotationnelle du malononitrile." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066377.

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Etude de cette molecule de type rotateur asymetrique en solution dans ch::(2)cl::(2), tetrahydrofurane et diglyne. A l'aide de la theorie de la "relaxation couplee" determination des valeurs des trois constantes de diffusion du solute et des densites spectrales relatives aux mecanismes de relaxation dipole-dipole, intra-et intermoleculaire. Etude de l'influence du taux de deuteriation du solvant sur la relaxation du solute dans le cas de ch::(2)cl::(2). Ecart des densites spectrales par rapport aux previsions theoriques. Test de la validite de plusieurs modeles hydrodynamiques: celui de knauss et evans s'avere le mieux adapte
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Benkhai, Amine. "Spectrométrie infrarouge des excitons et réapparition de phase dans le cristal moléculaire de malononitrile." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2306.

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Le cristal moleculaire de malononitrile presente deux transitions de phase du second ordre a tc#1=294,7 et a tc#2=141 k. Les phases haute(i) et basse temperature (iv) ont la meme structure cristallographique (monoclinique), la phase intermediaire est de moindre symetrie. Le present travail etudie par spectromerie infrarouge des excitons la transition de phase iviii reentrante a tc#2=141 k et la transition de phase iiiii du premier ordre a t#t=260 k. Pour caracteriser la transition de phase a tc#2=141 k, nous avons etudie la variation de la separation des composantes excitoniques () cm##1 de la structure de doublet des bandes, de part et d'autre et au voisinage immediat de cette transition. Cette grandeur peut etre decrite par une loi en (tc-t) avec des exposants critiques legerement inferieurs a 0,5. L'analyse de nos resultats experimentaux par la theorie de l'exciton, la theorie des groupes et les considerations de symetrie de la theorie de landau des transitions de phase permettent de proposer une structure monoclinique pour la phase iii de groupe facteur c#2#h, c#2, c#s. La transition de phase reentrante a 141 k est une transition de phase monoclinique-monoclinique et la phase intermediaire (141 k
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Hout, Joseph J. "Identification of compounds formed during the low temperature heat dispersal of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2006. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Hout2006.pdf.

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Tayyari, Fariba. "Efficient one-pot reductive alkylations of malononitrile with aromatic aldehydes and one-pot synthesis of new 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399195.

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A powerful new one-pot method has been developed for the reductive alkylation of malononitrile with aromatic aldehydes. This new procedure has vastly improved the yield and efficiency and increased the scope for the aromatic aldehydes. Incorporating water as the catalyst in ethanol for the condensation step allows stoichiometric amounts of malononitrile and aldehyde to be employed. After dilution and cooling the reduction step takes place quickly and efficiently with sodium borohydride to give monosubstituted malononitriles.The product from the reductive alkylation of malononitrile with 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde quickly rearranges to a novel indolizine on silica gel or with heat, while alkylation of the monosubstituted derivative provides an unsymmetrically disubstituted malononitrile.We have also investigated this improved one-pot reductive alkylation using various 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes where intramolecular cyclization occurs following the condensation step and various 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes are formed.
Department of Chemistry
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Crump, P. W. "The radiosensitization of Escherichia coli by malononitriles." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353978.

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Moimare, Pierluigi. "Sintesi e caratterizzazione strutturale di derivati piperidinici e morfolinici chirali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19197/.

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The topic of this thesis concerns the study of catalytic processes for the synthesis of chiral 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidine and 2,6-disubstituted morpholine. Substrates possessing an α,β-unsaturated ester and a ketone moiety, able to undergo addition/cyclization cascade reactions with different pro-nucleophiles (thiophenols, acetone cyanohydrin and malononitrile), have been evaluated. Chiral and achiral systems for phase-transfer catalysis have been applied as catalysts. Moderate enantiomeric excesses have been obtained for the morpholinic products and good to excellent values for the piperidinic products, by using cyclopeptoids and quaternary ammonium salts derived from Chincona alkaloids as catalysts respectively. Moreover, the absolute configuration of the 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines has been determined through quantomechanical simulations of their chirooptical spectra. Finally, the relative configuration of the 2,6-disubstituted morpholines has been assigned through NMR experiments.
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Chityala, Madhu. "Chemistry of Cyanoform (Tricyanomethane); and Rearrangement of 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles to the Corresponding 2H-Isomers." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216192.

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Cyanoform (tricyanomethane) is one of the strongest carbon-based organic acids reported in text books of organic chemistry, which has evaded synthesis and isolation in its free state, since 120 years. In this dissertation, the acid-free synthesis of cyanoform by an absolutely new approach has been discussed. Generation of the elusive molecule, cyanoform from the photolysis and thermolysis of 2-(azidomethylidene)malononitrile, has been confirmed at very low temperatures by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR, and the relevant 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, it has been proved that cyanoform is relatively stable, but can be detected only below –85 oC, and not at high temperatures (at –45 oC, as has been reported in literature), because of a rapid equilibration with an another species. Furthermore, the chemistry of cyanoform in the ring enlargement reactions with various highly strained epoxides, azirines, and aziridines, via the highly reactive dicyanoketenimine intermediate, as well as its Michael addition reactions with different α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been well explored. In addition, the synthesis of N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles and study of their rearrangement to the corresponding N2-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, under thermal and nucleophile-catalyzed reaction conditions, has been well investigated
Cyanoform (Tricyanomethan) ist eine der stärksten in der Literatur beschriebenen organischen Kohlenstoffsäuren, welche sich seit 120 Jahren einer erfolgreichen Synthese und Isolierung entzogen hat. In dieser Arbeit wird die säurefreie Synthese des Cyanoforms mittels eines neuartigen Ansatzes diskutiert. Die Bildung des schwer fassbaren Moleküls durch Photolyse und Thermolyse von 2 (Azidomethyliden)malonitril ist bei tiefen Temperaturen durch 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR und relevante 2D-NMR-Methoden bestätigt worden. Es konnte bewiesen werden, dass Cyanoform relative stabil ist, aber erst unterhalb von –85 °C detektierbar ist und nicht bereits bei hӧherer Temperature (bei –45 °C, wie es in der Literatur beschrieben wurde) bedingt durch die rasche Äquilibrierung mit einer weiteren Species. Des Weiteren wurde die Reaktivität von Cyanoform in Ringerweiterungsreaktionen mit verschiedenen, stark gespannten Epoxiden, Azirinen und Aziridinen untersucht, wobei das hoch reaktive Dicyanoketenimin-Intermediat durchlaufen wird. Auch die Michael-Addition an α,β ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen wurde ausführlich untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die Synthese N1 substituierter 1,2,3-Triazole und deren Umlagerung in N2 substituierte 1,2,3-Triazole unter thermischen und nucleophil-katalysierten Bedingungen erforscht
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Swift, Elizabeth Claire. "Development of Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation Reactions of Alkylidene Malononitriles and Stereospecific Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Electrophiles." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592019.

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Transition-metal catalysis has enabled the development of an unprecedented number of mild and selective C-C bond-forming reactions. We sought to access the reactivity of palladium and nickel catalysts for two types of transformations: conjugate allylations and sp3-sp 3 cross-coupling reactions.

Conjugate allylation of malononitriles was evaluated with N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated palladium complexes. The allylation was found to yield a variety of mono-allylated products. These results are in contrast to the bis-allylation of malononitriles using other palladium-based catalysts. Additionally, conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles was found to be accelerated in the presence of sulfoxide substitution on the pyrrole ring. These substrates are lead compounds for the development of an enantioselective allylation reaction.

Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become standard practice in organic synthesis. Recent advances in alkyl-alkyl couplings have been transformative in the way organic chemists approach the construction of target molecules. This dissertation focuses on the development of stereospecific sp3-sp3 cross-coupling reactions. We discovered that in the presence of nickel catalysts, secondary benzylic ethers were found to undergo stereospecific substitution reactions with Grignard reagents. Reactions proceeded with inversion of configuration and high stereochemical fidelity. This reaction allows for facile enantioselective synthesis of biologically active diarylethanes from readily available optically enriched carbinols.

Subsequently, this reaction was expanded to dialkylzinc reagents and the first stereospecific Negishi cross-coupling reaction of secondary benzylic esters was developed. A series of traceless directing groups were evaluated for their ability to promote cross-coupling with dimethylzinc. Esters with a chelating thioether derived from commercially-available 2-(methylthio)acetic acid were found to be the most effective. The products were formed in high yield and with excellent stereospecificity. A variety of functional groups were tolerated in the reaction including alkenes, alkynes, esters, amines, imides, and O-, S-, and N-heterocycles. The utility of this transformation was highlighted in the enantioselective synthesis of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist.

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Vergnat, Virginie. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques par greffage covalent de polymères sur des oxydes métalliques." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/VERGNAT_Virginie_2011.pdf.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer des matériaux hybrides polymères/oxydes métalliques à nanostructure contrôlée et d’étudier leurs propriétés physiques. Pour préparer ces matériaux, nous avons choisi la méthode « grafting from » qui consiste dans un premier temps à greffer de manière covalente un amorceur de polymérisation à la surface des nanoparticules. La polymérisation est ensuite conduite depuis la surface de ces nanoparticules. Tout d’abord, nous présentons les nanoparticules d’oxydes métalliques utilisées: la ferrite de cobalt synthétisée par coprécipitation, l’oxyde de fer non agrégé synthétisé par décomposition thermique, le dioxyde de titane et l’hématite accessibles commercialement. Une attention particulière est portée à la synthèse en grande quantité de l’oxyde de fer non agrégé et à l’évolution du milieu au cours de la synthèse ce qui permet de préciser le rôle de chaque étape du processus de décomposition thermique. Ensuite, nous présentons le greffage d’amorceurs de polymérisation porteurs d’une fonction acide phosphonique et d’un -bromo ester à la surface des oxydes métalliques. Puis, nous étudions la polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d’atome de différents monomères (styrène, méthacrylate de méthyle) à partir des nanoparticules fonctionnalisées et nous proposons plusieurs hypothèses pour expliquer la faible efficacité de la réaction d’amorçage de la polymérisation à la surface des nanoparticules. Ensuite, la morphologie des matériaux hybrides est présentée. Pour finir, nous étudions les propriétés mécaniques (par nano-indentation ou nanorayures) des matériaux hybrides obtenus, ainsi que les propriétés rhéologiques, thermiques et magnétiques
The objective of this thesis was to elaborate well defined polymer/metal oxide hybrid materials and to study their physical properties. These materials were prepared by the “grafting from” method, which consists in a first step to covalently graft a polymerization-initiator molecule onto the surface of the nanoparticles. In a second step, polymerization was performed from the initiator anchored on the surface of the nanoparticles. Firstly, we presented the metal oxide nanoparticles used for the preparation of hybrid materials: cobalt ferrite synthesized by coprecipitation, non-aggregated iron oxide synthesized by thermal decomposition, titanium dioxide and hematite commercially available. We focused particularly on the large-scale synthesis of non-aggregated iron oxide nanoparticles and on the evolution of the reaction medium during the synthesis, which allowed us to specify the role of each step in the process of thermal decomposition. Then, we presented the grafting of polymerization-initiator molecules onto the surface of the metal oxides. The polymerization-initiator molecules are composed of an active tertiary bromide and a phosphonic acid end group. After that, we studied the atom transfer radical polymerization of different monomers (styrene, methyl methacrylate) on the functionalized nanoparticles and several hypotheses were proposed to explain the low initiator efficiency when the polymerization is performed at the nanoparticles surfaces. Then the morphology of the hybrid materials was presented. Finally, we studied mechanical properties (by nanoindentation or nanoscratch) of the obtained hybrid materials, as well as rheological, thermal and magnetic properties
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Books on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Crump, Paul William. The radiosensitization of Escherichia coli by malononitriles. Salford: University of Salford, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Singh, Ruby, and K. L. Ameta. "Malononitrile: A Key Reagent for the Synthesis of Medicinally Promising Fused and Spiro Pyridine Derivatives in Multicomponent Reactions." In Multicomponent Reactions, 331–68. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369754-12.

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AHMED, AHMED E., and GAMAL I. HUSSEIN. "Malononitrile." In Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents, 349–53. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81316-9.50058-x.

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Schmidbaur, H., and A. Schier. "Auration of Malononitrile." In Compounds of Groups 12 and 11 (Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-003-00487.

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von Angerer, S. "Reaction of Malononitrile." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-00492.

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Döpp, H., and D. Döpp. "From Malononitrile and Tetrachlorophosphoranes." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00504.

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Sako, M. "Cycloamination of Malononitrile Dimers." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-01564.

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Ishikawa, T. "From Malononitrile and Guanidine." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-01794.

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Spitzner, D. "From Oxazoles and Malononitrile." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Nitrogen or Phosphorus Atom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-015-00185.

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Sako, M. "Cyclocondensation of Arylhydrazones with Malononitrile." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-01385.

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Spitzner, D. "From Malononitrile, Aldehydes, and Nucleophiles." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Nitrogen or Phosphorus Atom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-015-00035.

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Conference papers on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Touati, Yousseuf, Mohammed Benabdallah, Julio A. Seijas, Noureddine Choukchou-Braham, and M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato. "Reactivity of 2-aminothiazole with benzaldehyde and malononitrile." In The 23rd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06699.

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Du, Juan, Yu Wang, Yuxia Zhao, and Feipeng Wu. "Synthesis and structure property relationship of several dicyanomethylene malononitrile derivatives." In Eighth International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology (AOMATT2016), edited by Yadong Jiang, Bernard Kippelen, and Junsheng Yu. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2241720.

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Dotsenko, Victor, Vyacheslav Muraviev, Ludmila Dyadyuchenko, and Nicolai Aksenov. "The reaction of malononitrile dimer with 4-methyl-2,6-dichloronicotinonitrile." In The 24th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08418.

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Choi, Dong Hoon, Jung Eun Lee, Young-Wan Kwon, U. Ra Lee, Min Ju Cho, Kyung Hwan Kim, and Jung-Il Jin. "Optical properties of DNA-CTMA and PA-CTMA doped with (E)-2-(2-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyan-4-ylidene)malononitrile (DCM)." In SPIE Europe Security and Defence, edited by James G. Grote, Francois Kajzar, and Mikael Lindgren. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.801711.

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Reports on the topic "Malononitrile"

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Archuleta, M. M., and W. E. Stocum. Toxicity evaluation and hazard review for o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10113359.

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Johnson-Kanapathy, Erin. Quantification of Hydrogen Cyanide Generated at Low Temperature O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS) Dispersal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012989.

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Hout, Joseph J. O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS Riot Control Agent) Exposures and Associated Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a United States Army Basic Combat Training Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012835.

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