Relevant bibliographies by topics / Malnutrition – Treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'Malnutrition – Treatment'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Schofield, W. N., Ann Ashworth, G. Tom Heikens, Mickey Chopra, and David Wilkinson. "Treatment of malnutrition." Lancet 345, no. 8952 (March 1995): 787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90665-7.

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Schofield, W. N. "Treatment of malnutrition." Lancet 345, no. 8960 (May 1995): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90947-8.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Malnutrition: identification and treatment." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2, no. 6 (June 2008): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2008.2.6.29544.

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Brewster, David, and Mark Manary. "Treatment of severe malnutrition." Lancet 345, no. 8947 (February 1995): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90435-2.

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Ashworth, Ann. "Treatment of Severe Malnutrition." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 32, no. 5 (May 2001): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200105000-00003.

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Harvey, Joanne. "Malnutrition: manifestations and treatment." Primary Health Care 3, no. 5 (May 1993): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.3.5.20.s13.

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Ashworth, Ann. "Treatment of Severe Malnutrition." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 32, no. 5 (May 2001): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2001.tb07364.x.

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Goldstein, Mary Kane, and Jon D. Fuller. "INTENSITY OF TREATMENT IN MALNUTRITION." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(21)00460-7.

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Xu, Z., Y. Chen, A. Huang, Z. Varghese, J. Moorhead, S. Powis, Q. Li, et al. "Treatment of malnutrition and anaemia." Clinical Kidney Journal 4, suppl 2 (June 1, 2011): 4.s2.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.9.

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Grajeta, Halina Grajeta. "Malnutrition- causes, consequences and treatment." Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna LIV, no. 2 (November 3, 2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/bct/152847.

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Niedożywienie jest poważnym problemem zdrowotnym i społecznym na świecie. Na ryzyko niedożywienia najbardziej narażone są dzieci, osoby starsze i przewlekle chore. Zaburzenia odżywiania, które prowadzą do niedoborów składników odżywczych pogarszają funkcjonowanie całego organizmu. Utrudniona regeneracja i większa liczba powikłań to zwiększona zachorowalność i śmiertelność osób niedożywionych. Niedożywienie najczęściej wynika z niewystarczającej podaży składników odżywczych i energii. Utrata masy ciała i sarkopenia towarzyszą upośledzeniu pracy układu krążenia, oddechowego, immunologicznego, pokarmowego oraz zaburzeniom gospodarki elektrolitowej. Ocena stanu odżywienia umożliwia rozpoznanie objawów nieodżywienia i dobranie odpowiedniego sposobu leczenia. Niedożywienie może być związane z sytuacją ekonomiczną i głodem, a także z chorobą nasilającą katabolizm lub pewnym stopniem niepełnosprawności, które powodują zmniejszenie podaży pokarmu, zaburzenia wchłaniania, zwiększoną utratę lub wzrost zapotrzebowania na składniki odżywcze. Istotne są także czynniki społeczne i psychologiczne, rodzaj stosowanej farmakoterapii, jak również fizjologiczne zmiany w organizmie towarzyszące starzeniu lub procesom zapalnym. Zaburzenie funkcji układu odpornościowego sprzyja nawracającym infekcjom. Stan niedożywienia wpływa na utrudnione gojenie się ran i zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo występowania odleżyn. Zaburza także funkcje przewodu pokarmowego i skóry, osłabia zdolności psychomotoryczne, prowadzi do zmian w obrębie tkanki mięśniowej i kości oraz wpływa na płodność i stan psychiczny. Negatywny wpływ niedożywienia na wyniki leczenia ma związek ze zwiększeniem toksyczności stosowanych leków, większą liczbą powikłań i zakażeń szpitalnych. Powoduje to wydłużenie hospitalizacji i znaczne zwiększenie kosztów opieki zdrowotnej. Leczenie żywieniowe obejmuje ocenę stanu odżywienia i zapotrzebowania organizmu na składniki odżywcze, konsultację dietetyczną oraz zastosowanie odpowiednio zbilansowanej diety, a następnie monitorowanie stanu odżywienia. Drogą z wyboru jest żywienie drogą przewodu pokarmowego (żywienie doustnie) za pomocą specjalnych diet przemysłowych (DSP), które są dostosowane składem do różnych sytuacji klinicznych. Celem pracy było przedstawienie, na podstawie przeglądu piśmiennictwa, przyczyn występowania niedożywienia, jego konsekwencji zdrowotnych oraz możliwości leczenia żywieniowego.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Collins, Stephen. "The assessment and treatment of severe adult malnutrition during famine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249218.

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Leung, Ho-kin Vincent, and 梁浩堅. "The effectiveness of the use of "ready-to-use" therapeutic food (RUTF) in treating malnourished children in developing countries and the way forward." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193780.

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WHO and UNICEF recommend the use of “ready-to-use therapeutic food” (RUTF) in the treatment of severely acute malnourished (SAM) children with no complicated medical background. This research paper aims to review the evidence on the use of RUTF in the treatment of SAM children, explore the potential issues with the use of RUTF, and provide suggestions for future research. A total of 7 studies were included for the review on the effectiveness of RUTF treatment. Evidences showed a general improvement in the health outcomes of SAM children, yet failed to yield high-quality evidences to prove its benefits. Potential problems with the reliance on RUTF were identified, further research on the use of RUTF are required.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Glosz, Cambria M. "Assessment of micronutrient status in pregnant Malawian women before and after treatment for moderate malnutrition." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1641.

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Background: Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in pregnant women in developing countries and can result in adverse effects to both the mother and infant. Multiple micronutrient supplements or supplementary foods may be a way to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Objective: To assess change in micronutrient and protein levels in moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women after receiving one of three nutritional interventions. Methods: Serum retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, zinc, albumin and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in pregnant women with MUAC >20.6 cm and Results: Baseline micronutrient concentrations indicated high rates of deficiency in zinc (29-39%) and albumin (37-46%), and marginal status of retinol (26-37%) and vitamin D (31-32%). Adjusted mean changes in vitamin B12 concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were -17.1, -36.1, and -52.9 pg/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.007). Adjusted mean changes in vitamin D concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were 6.1, 3.1, and 1.7 ng/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.007). Adjusted mean changes in folate concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were 2.2, 1.7, and 4.0 ng/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.37 for effect of treatment; p=0.06 for the interaction effect of time*treatment). Changes in ferritin, zinc, albumin, retinol, and CRP were not significantly different between treatment groups. Conclusions: Deficiencies in zinc and albumin, and marginal status of vitamin D and retinol, are common among this population of moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women. Significant changes in vitamin D and vitamin B12were observed from week 0 to week 10, with the RUSF group having the greatest improvements compared to the CSB-UNIMMAP and CSB-IFA treatments.
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Jesson, Julie. "Malnutrition et infection pédiatrique par le VIH en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0308/document.

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Les enfants infectés par le VIH en Afrique subsaharienne sont exposés à un risque de malnutrition élevé au cours de leur vie. Or, les données sur la nutrition chez ces enfants sont encore limitées en Afrique de l’Ouest. L’objectif global de cette thèse est d’étudier la relation entre nutrition et infection par le VIH, chez les enfants infectés vivant en Afrique de l’Ouest. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’estimer la prévalence de la malnutrition, de décrire l’évolution de la croissance après l’initiation du traitement antirétroviral, et d’évaluer des interventions nutritionnelles à intégrer au sein de la prise en charge pédiatrique du VIH. Les principaux résultats montrent une prévalence élevée de la malnutrition chez ces enfants, proche de 50 % avant la mise sous traitement antirétroviral. L’initiation du traitement a des effets positifs sur la croissance, d’autant plus important que l’initiation se fait de façon précoce. Un déficit pondéral est plus facilement corrigeable qu’un déficit statural, mais une part non négligeable d’enfants continue d’être malnutrie même après deux ans de traitement. En complément du traitement antirétroviral, des interventions de soutien nutritionnel sont donc nécessaires pour lutter contre la malnutrition chez ces enfants. Celles évaluées sont efficaces pour ceux malnutris aigues, mais pas pour ceux avec une malnutrition chronique. De plus, la croissance peut être un marqueur utile de la progression du VIH pédiatrique.L’intégration de la prise en charge nutritionnelle au sein de la prise en charge globale du VIH pédiatrique est possible en Afrique de l’Ouest, mais d’autres études et des actions de plaidoyer sont à développer pour l’adapter au mieux
HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to high risk of malnutrition duringtheir life. However, data on the nutrition of HIV-infected children are still limited in West Africa.Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to better investigate the link between nutrition and HIVinfection among HIV-infected children in West Africa. More specifically, it is aimed to estimate theprevalence of malnutrition, to describe growth evolution after antiretroviral treatment initiation, andto assess proposed nutritional interventions to integrate to pediatric HIV care. The main results showa high prevalence of malnutrition among these children, around 50% before antiretroviral treatmentinitiation. This initiation had positive effects on growth evolution; all the more important whenantiretroviral treatment is early initiated. Weight deficiency is easier to recover than heightdeficiency, but a substantial part of children stay malnourished even after two years of treatment. Inaddition to antiretroviral treatment, nutritional support interventions are needed to fight againstmalnutrition among these children. Those assessed were efficient for acute malnourished children,but not for those with chronic malnutrition. Furthermore, growth could be a useful marker of HIVprogression. Integration of nutritional care into global pediatric HIV care is possible in West Africa,but further studies and advocacy work have to be developed to better adapt it
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Benyera, Oscar. "Outcomes in malnourished children at a tertiary hospital in Swaziland : post implementation of the WHO treatment guidelines." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33347.

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Background. Swaziland adopted the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children in 2007 to reduce case -fatality rates for childhood malnutrition. However, no follow-up studies have been conducted to determine the reduction in the case -fatality rate post-implementation of the guidelines. Objectives. To determine the case -fatality rate for childhood malnutrition post-implementation of the WHO treatment guidelines and determine the level of adherence to the guidelines at Mbabane Government Hospital. Methods. A retrospective observational study was undertaken. All children under 5 years admitted for inpatient treatment of malnutrition between January 2010 and December 2011 had their demographic-, anthropometric- and clinical characteristics recorded and analysed, as well as the outcome of admission. Results. Of the 227 children admitted during the study period, 179 (64.6%) were severely malnourished and 98 (35.4%) had moderate malnutrition. One-hundred-and-eleven children died during admission, an overall case -fatality rate of 40.1%. Mortality was significantly higher among severely malnourished children compared to those with moderate malnutrition, (46.9% vs 27.6%, OR 3.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 5.3)). Comorbid pneumonia and gastroenteritis were significant predictors of mortality – , OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.4) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.2) respectively. Conclusion. Case -fatality rates for childhood malnutrition remain high, despite adoption of the WHO treatment guidelines. A need exists for improved adherence to the WHO guidelines and periodic clinical audits to reduce deaths from childhood malnutrition to meet the WHO mortality target of less than 5% and improve child survival.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Clinical Epidemiology
unrestricted
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Shipley, William. "Assessment of the effects of malaria and anemia in pregnant Malawian women before and after treatment of moderate malnutrition." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2182.

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ABSTRACT Assessment of the Effects of Malaria and Anemia in Pregnant Malawian Women Before and After Treatment of Moderate Malnutrition William Shipley Background: Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes and possibly further complications. Supplementary foods or treatments with high quality nutrients should be administered to those with MAM in hopes to increase the chance of healthy maternal and infant outcomes. Sometimes supplementary food is not enough to overcome MAM and disease may play a role, particularly in pregnant malnourished women. Objective: To determine if the effects of malaria and anemia moderated the effect of nutritional treatments (one of the three given nutritional interventions) used to improve malnutrition and achieve a MUAC ≥ 23 cm during study participation. Additionally, this research serves to assess whether the relationship between malaria and anemia is associated with malnutrition status. Methods: Women were given a dose of IPTp at each antenatal visit between zero and four total IPTp doses. Infant anthropometrics – length, weight, head circumference, and MUAC were taken at birth, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Maternal hemoglobin levels were assessed at enrollment and after 10 weeks of enrollment as well as infant hemoglobin at 3 months. Anemia was defined by a hemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dL. Mild anemia was defined as hemoglobin greater than 7.0 but less than 9.9 g/dL and moderate anemia was defined by hemoglobin values 9.9 or greater but less than 11.0 g/dL. Analysis was completed using ANOVA, and if any significant differences were observed, they were compared via Tukey HSD (continuous) or Chi-squared test (categorical). Results: Total number of IPTp doses was found to be a more statistically significant predictor of maternal weight gain during treatment than timing of the doses. It stands to reason that women receiving three or more IPTp doses was the most beneficial for women during treatment as it saw the highest increases in maternal weight gain. At baseline, women that achieved a MUAC > 23 cm during the study was 32.0% (n = 1805). The greatest proportion of women, after adjustment, that achieved a MUAC ≥ 23 cm was seen in women receiving four (47.3 %) and three (37.8 %) total IPTp doses during pregnancy. Maternal weight gain correlated closely with hemoglobin at enrollment (p-value = 0.0111). Total number of IPTp doses received during pregnancy was not found to have a statistical effect on infant hemoglobin or anemia at three months. Infant length at six weeks was higher in infants from mothers that received two or three IPTp doses compared to mothers that received one IPTp dose (p-value = 0.0218). A p-value below 0.05 by total number of IPTp doses was observed for infant weight, head circumference, and MUAC at birth, six weeks, and three months. Conclusion: At least three IPTp was effective in improving maternal weight gain and achievement of MUAC > 23 cm as well as improved many infant outcomes. Hemoglobin at enrollment was a predictor of maternal weight gain during tx but was not associated with any other outcomes.
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Navaratnarajah, Paramalingam Kandasamy. "Child malnutrition mortality at St Barnabas Hospital is high - is it due to practices and attitudes of staff?: a study in a rural district hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The case fatality rate for malnutrition at St Barnabas Hospital over the past years has been around 38%. The rates in other district hospitals in the Eastern Cape province were found to be in excess of 30%. In June 2000, the Eastern Cape Department of Health introduced a protocol for in-patient management of children with severe malnutrition, with the aim of reducing case fatality rate below 10%. St Barnabas Hospital introduced the Eastern Cape protocol in August 2003. An evaluation was done in November 2003 to assess the protocol's impact on the case fatality rate. The rate remained high, at 37.5%. This study descibed the current practices and attitudes of the nurses as St Barnabas Hospital paediatric ward, in the management of severely malnourished childen.
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Kerac, M. "Improving the treatment of severe acute malnutrition in childhood : a randomized controlled trial of synbiotic-enhanced therapeutic food with long term follow-up of post-treatment mortality and morbidity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1306755/.

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BACKGROUND: Tackling severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global public health priority. This thesis explores two major influences on treatment outcomes: -Treatment efficacy -Patient-related risk factors OBJECTIVES: 1. To explore whether a pre/probiotic mixture (Synbiotic2000 Forte™) improves treatment outcomes (nutritional and clinical) in children affected by SAM. 2. To describe long term outcomes from SAM and identify key mortality risk factors. METHODS: All 1024 malnourished children admitted to a therapeutic feeding centre in Malawi from July 2006 to March 2007 were eligible for: The PRONUT study (Pre and PRObiotics in the treatment of severe acute malNUTrition): 795 were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They received Readyto- Use Therapeutic Food either with or without Synbiotic2000 Forte™. Primary outcome was nutritional cure (weight-for-height >80% of NCHS median). The FUSAM study (Long term Follow-Up after Severe Acute Malnutrition): all children known to be still alive were followed up ≥1 year post discharge. RESULTS: In PRONUT, nutritional cure was similar in both groups: 54%(215/399) for Synbiotic-enhanced RUTF and 51%(203/396) for controls (p=0.40). Main secondary outcomes were also similar (p>0.05). Overall mortality from SAM was 41%(427/1024). Mortality was highest during initial inpatient treatment: 23%(238/1024). In FUSAM, 8%(84/1024) more died within 90 days of admission and 10%(105/1024) during long term follow-up. Cox regression identified HIV, low weight-forheight, low mid-upper arm circumference and low weight-for-age as major risk factors for death (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this high-mortality setting, Synbiotic2000 ForteTM, did not improve clinical or nutritional outcomes from SAM. A more promising strategy to improve outcomes might be to tackle the major risk factors for SAM mortality: HIV and severity of malnutrition disease. It is likely that earlier treatment would be beneficial. This is a focus of current strategies for both HIV and malnutrition. Rollout of such programmes should be supported and their impact on SAM evaluated.
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Dibari, F. "Design and pre-testing of lipid-based, ready-to-use foods for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in low-resource settings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1447208/.

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Background: Managing child and adult undernutrition is a global public health priority. In poor settings, improved specialised products are needed for treatment and prevention, including for chronic disease/HIV. Objective: To develop a method for the design and pre-clinical testing of novel, low-cost Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF), to be also applied to supplementary/complementary feeding interventions. A method was developed and tested, using four sequential studies, with HIV-positive Kenyan adults with severe acute malnutrition (case-study). A qualitative study explored adherence and consumption barriers with the current UN standard peanut/milk-powder-based therapeutic formulation (P‐RUTF). A study using Linear Programming (LP) designed an improved, cheaper formulation soy/maize/sorghum-based (SMS-RUTF), considered accurate if: its manufactured prototype, compared to calculated values; it had a measured energy density difference (EDD) < 10%; a protein or lipid difference (P/LD) < 5g/100g. An acceptability study (4-weeks-cross-over design; washout one-week) compared use of SMS-RUTF against P-RUTF (n=41), using 18 consumption/safety/preference criteria. Based on a literature review (28 randomized controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation; outcomes: increased survival and CD4 cell count, reduced viral load), four criteria to determine micronutrient specifications for the SMS-RUTF fortification were developed and applied. The reported compliance with the prescribed RUTF was relatively low, and informed the necessary formulation improvements. The LP-determined formulation was accurate (EDD: 7%; PD and LD: 2.3 and 1.0g/100g). The LP-based prototype was acceptable and safe, but with an average number of days of nausea and vomit (0.16 and 0.04 d) occurred with a higher frequency (P < 0.05) than in the control (0.09 and 0.02 d). The existing evidence for determining micronutrient specifications for SMS-RUTF posed some challenges for the development of manufacturing specifications. Twelve of the micronutrient specifications developed for SMS-RUTF fortificant premix were equivalent to the UN minimum standards; eleven were 2 to 10 times higher. Conclusions: The proposed set of methods can be used to design and pre-clinically test improved/cheaper RUTF products, targeting malnourished adults. Novel formulations should be clinically trialled before widespread-use.
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Knight, Elizabeth. "Examining the impact of an emotional stimulation intervention on interactions between Ethiopian mothers and their infants in the context of treatment for malnutrition." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/62988/.

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Infant malnutrition in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, has been linked to a number of negative outcomes (Grantham-McGregor et al., 2007). Evidence suggests that aspects of the relationship between mother and infant may be affected by malnutrition, in terms of attachment (Valenzuela, 1990) and the opportunities for emotional stimulation within the mother-infant relationship (Cravioto & Delicardie, 1975; 1976). This study examines whether an emotional stimulation intervention delivered in addition to emergency food supplementation, may improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. This study uses between-subjects post test and correlational designs. Interactions were recorded for 75 mother-infant dyads, who were enrolled on a randomised controlled trial, comparing the impact of an emotional stimulation intervention on infant weight gain during treatment for malnutrition. Mother-infant interactions were rated using two established coding systems, adapted for the current study. The results indicated that mothers who had received an emotional stimulation intervention in addition to infant nutritional supplementation, were rated as more positive in their interaction with their infants in comparison to the control group. The nature of the interaction was also rated as significantly more positive for mothers and infants in the intervention group. There were no differences between control and intervention groups on infant positive affect and behaviour. This may be attributable to timeliness and methods of measurement. A significant relationship was found between the rate of infant weight gain and the quality of the interaction. Path analysis failed to find support for pathway between the quality of maternal interaction and infant weight gain. This was an exploratory analysis and results were attributed to a lack of statistical power to detect an effect. The findings are considered in relation to theories of the mother-infant relationship, models of malnutrition, methodological rigor. Recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Briend, André. Prévention et traitement de la malnutrition: Guide pratique. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1985.

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Stratton, R. J., C. J. Green, and M. Elia, eds. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence-based approach to treatment. Wallingford: CABI, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996486.0000.

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J, Green Ceri, and Elia Marinos, eds. Disease-related malnutrition: An evidence-based approach to treatment. Wallingford, UK: CABI Pub., 2003.

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A, Ashworth, and World Health Organization, eds. Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2003.

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Alihonou, Eusèbe. Réhabilitation nutritionnelle à domicile. Cotonou, République du Bénin: Centre régional pour le développement et la santé, 1992.

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Stuart, Gillespie, and United Nations. Administrative Committee on Co-ordination. Sub-committee on Nutrition., eds. What works?: A review of the efficacy and effectiveness of nutrition interventions. Geneva: United Nations, Administrative Committee on Coordination, Sub-Committee on Nutrition, 2001.

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Organization, World Health, ed. Management of severe malnutrition: A manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.

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J, Raiten Daniel, and Talbot John M, eds. Clinical trials for the treatment of secondary wasting and cachexia: Selection of appropriate endpoints : proceedings of a workshop, May 22-23, 1997. Bethesda, MD: American Society for Nutritional Sciences, 1999.

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American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Improve patient outcomes: A.S.P.E.N.'s step-by-step guide to addressing malnutrition. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2015.

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Prudhon, Claudine. La malnutrition en situation de crise: Manuel de prise en charge thérapeutique et de planification d'un programme nutritionnel. Paris: Action contre la faim, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Bury, Christan. "Treatment – Acute Illness-Related Malnutrition." In Adult Malnutrition, 199–208. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003177586-11.

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Phillips, Wendy, and Jennifer Doley. "Treatment – Social/Environmental-Related Malnutrition." In Adult Malnutrition, 227–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003177586-13.

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Doley, Jennifer, and Michelle Bratton. "Treatment – Chronic Illness-Related Malnutrition." In Adult Malnutrition, 209–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003177586-12.

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Kronik, Mary, and Diane Nowak. "Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment." In Adult Malnutrition, 163–81. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003177586-9.

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Krishnan, Kavitha, and Julianne Werner. "Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment." In Adult Malnutrition, 183–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003177586-10.

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Zaidi, Zohra, Khalid Hussain, and Simi Sudhakaran. "Cutaneous Manifestations of Malnutrition." In Treatment of Skin Diseases, 433–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89581-9_32.

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Chiappetta, Sonja. "Malnutrition and Extreme Weight Loss." In Interdisciplinary Long-Term Treatment of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Patients, 185–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66436-0_18.

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Holst, Mette, and Anne Marie Beck. "Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 31–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_3.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to share knowledge about terminology and best practice approaches for the nutrition care process, including nutritional screening, assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring. This will focus on nutrition care for older adults with or at risk of malnutrition, in their own home, hospital, or caring facilities.
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Kumar, Nagi B. "Assessment of Malnutrition and Nutritional Therapy Approaches in Cancer Patients." In Nutritional Management of Cancer Treatment Effects, 7–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27233-2_2.

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Makarewicz, P. A., and J. B. Freeman. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Malnutrition in the Traumatized Patient." In Current Concepts of Infections in Orthopedic Surgery, 11–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69833-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Fadliyah, Lilik Retna Kartikasari, and Dono Indarto. "Malnutrition treatment of adolescent girls using Moringa chocolate cookies." In THE 8TH ANNUAL BASIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: Coverage of Basic Sciences toward the World’s Sustainability Challanges. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062806.

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Mokua, Beatrice Kiage. "Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Malnutrition among Under Five Children in Merti ward, Isiolo County, Kenya." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-29.

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Malnutrition is a significant public health issue affecting under-five children in many developing countries, including Kenya. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the nutritional status and risk of malnutrition among under-five children in Isiolo County, Kenya. The study used a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique to recruit 384 participants, and data collected on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary practices, and nutritional status informed the development of appropriate interventions to address malnutrition in this region. The study found a high prevalence of global acute malnutrition (17%), underweight (14.6%), stunting (15.9%), and low nutrient intake among children under five. The study also found a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of solid foods, highlighting the need for interventions that promote and support appropriate feeding practices for infants and young children in this population. Additionally, the study identified poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in Isiolo, Kenya, with a significant number of households lacking access to proper sanitation facilities and not treating their drinking water before consumption. The findings highlight the need for urgent interventions that target poverty reduction, food security, access to healthcare, and improved living conditions of households to improve the nutritional status of under-five children in Isiolo, Kenya. Additionally, interventions are needed to improve access to proper sanitation facilities, promote safe kitchen waste disposal methods, and encourage proper water treatment and handwashing practices to prevent the spread of diseases in this population. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional status and risk of malnutrition among under-five children in Isiolo County and inform the development of appropriate interventions to address malnutrition in this region. Keywords: Malnutrition, Under-five children, Nutritional status, WASH practices, Kenya
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Ostrowski, JJ, K. Parikh, and A. Umar. "Piloting Tom Brown, a locally produced supplementary therapeutic food for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in Gombe State, Nigeria." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/bvijtc.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over 50,000 children in Nigeria’s Gombe state have moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and are at risk of deteriorating to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). An effective strategy to reduce mortality is through a targeted supplementary feeding programme delivered within community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) interventions. We present findings from an outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) which used Tom Brown for treating children with MAM. Tom Brown is a locally produced flour blend of sorghum, soybeans, and groundnuts, consumed as a sweetened porridge. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of patient data from OTP sites in three local government areas between October 2022 and December 2023. Data were extracted for children aged 6-59 months diagnosed with MAM, defined as absence of oedema; weight-for- height z-score (WHZ) ≥-3 and <-2; and/or mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 and <12.5 cm. Those enrolled for at least 14 days and receiving 1.5 kg per week of Tom Brown were included. RESULTS Of the 1,207 cases of MAM treated, 1,089 (90.2%) recovered i.e. had two consecutive visits with WHZ >-2 and MUAC < 12.5 and no severe clinical complications; 91 (7.5%) defaulted; 21 (1.7%) did not improve; 4 (<1%) were transferred out; and 2 (<1%) died at the end of follow- up. During treatment, 197 (16.3%) deteriorated to SAM and were switched to ready-to-use therapeutic food. All deaths (n=2) deteriorated to SAM. For children who recovered without deterioration, average enrolment length was 36.3 (±15.8) days and average weight gain was 4.21 (±3.03) g/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS With acceptable recovery and low death rates, Tom Brown is a feasible alternative for treatment of MAM. Made with cheaper ingredients, it can potentially reach more children for the same cost, particularly when combined with frequent screening and early diagnosis in the community. Timely follow-up of defaulters may also improve adherence. Research is needed to understand Tom Brown’s effectiveness compared to commercial products or combination with cash-based assistance.
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Ostrowski, JJ, K. Parikh, and A. Umar. "Piloting Tom Brown, a locally produced supplementary therapeutic food for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in Gombe State, Nigeria." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/3mfoft.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over 50,000 children in Nigeria’s Gombe state have moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and are at risk of deteriorating to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). An effective strategy to reduce mortality is through a targeted supplementary feeding programme delivered within community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) interventions. We present findings from an outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) which used Tom Brown for treating children with MAM. Tom Brown is a locally produced flour blend of sorghum, soybeans, and groundnuts, consumed as a sweetened porridge. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of patient data from OTP sites in three local government areas between October 2022 and December 2023. Data were extracted for children aged 6-59 months diagnosed with MAM, defined as absence of oedema; weight-for- height z-score (WHZ) ≥-3 and <-2; and/or mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 and <12.5 cm. Those enrolled for at least 14 days and receiving 1.5 kg per week of Tom Brown were included. RESULTS Of the 1,207 cases of MAM treated, 1,089 (90.2%) recovered i.e. had two consecutive visits with WHZ >-2 and MUAC >12.5 and no severe clinical complications; 91 (7.5%) defaulted; 21 (1.7%) did not improve; 4 (<1%) were transferred out; and 2 (<1%) died at the end of follow- up. During treatment, 197 (16.3%) deteriorated to SAM and were switched to ready-to-use therapeutic food. All deaths (n=2) deteriorated to SAM. For children who recovered without deterioration, average enrolment length was 36.3 (±15.8) days and average weight gain was 4.21 (±3.03) g/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS With acceptable recovery and low death rates, Tom Brown is a feasible alternative for treatment of MAM. Made with cheaper ingredients, it can potentially reach more children for the same cost, particularly when combined with frequent screening and early diagnosis in the community. Timely follow-up of defaulters may also improve adherence. Research is needed to understand Tom Brown’s effectiveness compared to commercial products or combination with cash-based assistance.
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Auradkar, GK, NS Mahantashetti, and A. Singh. "G273 Efficacy of nutritional rehabilitation centre interventions in treatment of severe acute malnutrition: a one year longitudinal hospital based study." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.236.

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Blebea, Nicoleta Mirela. "NUTRITIONAL THERAPY IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/28.

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Nutritional therapy helps patients with cancer to maintain their weight within normal limits, maintain tissue integrity and reduce the side effects of cancer therapies. Nutritional oncology deals with both prevention and patient support during treatment, in convalescence and in palliative situations. Cancer patients need full support from the team of health professionals (oncologists, nurses and dietitians). The following basic elements should not be missing from the cancer patient's diet: water, protein intake, animal and vegetable fats, as well as vitamins and minerals. The diet of cancer patients should be closely monitored, as body weight should be kept within normal limits, ie a body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 24 (the calculation is made by dividing the weight by the square of the height). The oncologist should therefore be aware of the adverse effects of malnutrition on patient outcomes and view nutritional support as an essential component of the clinical management, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, antiemetic treatment, and treatment for pain.
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Setiyani, Solikhah Eli, and Fitria Siswi Utami. "Supplementary Food Therapy for the Recovery of Malnourished Children 0-59 Months: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.09.

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ABSTRACT Background: Acute malnutrition is the highest cause of death among children under five. This is because children are a group that is vulnerable to health problems, one of which is infection. In this phase there is a very rapid growth and development in children. This problem occurs in part in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to review the effect of supplementary food therapy for recovery among malnourished children aged 0-59 months. Subjects and Methods: This was a scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The framework used to identify relevant studies is Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO), with a search strategy using 5 databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, Wiley, and Google Scholar which match the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Supplementary food therapy for recovery of malnourished children 0-59 months could be done with inpatient and outpatient care using Modified Dried Skilled Milk and Coconut Oil (Modisco), Ready to use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), Soy Maize Sorghum RUTF (SMS RUTF), F 75, and F 100. The most widely used recovery supplementary food therapies are Modisco, RUTF, SMS RUTF, F75 and F100. RUTF in Indonesia has not been widely used for the therapy of malnourished children, while for F75 and F100 it has been used as a treatment but not maximally because it tastes bad so it is not liked by children. Conclusion: Several studies have examined the effectiveness of these supplementary foods, apart from being used in the hospital, they can also be given on an outpatient basis with the supervision of related health workers. Keywords: children, malnutrition, therapy, supplementary food Correspondence: Solikhah Eli Setiyani. Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: elisetiyani01@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.09
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O’Sullivan, N., M. Kerac, and P. James. "G443(P) Follow-up between 6 and 24 months after discharge from treatment for severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months: a systematic review." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.432.

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Josaphat, A., AM Saldanha, JP Mwanga, and A. Simon. "TB or not TB? A spontaneous tubercular enterocutaneous fistula in a severely acutely malnourished child." In MSF Paediatric Days 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/ttb5-d359.

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INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are major health problems in east Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), a setting with persistent armed conflict and population displacement. Diagnosis of TB in children is difficult as symptoms are non-specific and diagnostic sensitivity is low, especially in SAM. CASE DESCRIPTION (Download PDF for photos accompanying this description) A 4-year old girl was referred for a 2-week history of fever, cough, weight loss, and swelling of the limbs and face. On examination she was febrile and tachycardic, with pedal edema up to the knee, facial puffiness, and bilateral crepitations on auscultation. She lived in an overcrowded camp for internally displaced people. Her older brother had similar symptoms and neighbours had recently started TB treatment. She was admitted with a working diagnosis of SAM-Kwashiorkor type, acute pneumonia, and suspicion of TB. At day 5, her fevers continued despite IV broad-spectrum antibiotics. Chest x-ray was insignificant. Sputum microscopy and GeneXpert on gastric aspirate were both negative for TB. She developed abdominal distension and a spontaneous fistula at the umbilicus (photo), discharging milky fluid that was thought to be digested nutritional milk. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was started based on strong clinical suspicion of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). Within 2 weeks she improved clinically and nutritionally, the fistula spontaneously closed eliminating the need for surgery, and she could be discharged. DISCUSSION This case highlights the difficulties of diagnosing EPTB in children with SAM. Diagnosis relies heavily on clinical suspicion and epidemiological information. Negative sputum microscopy and GeneXpert gastric aspirate analysis do not rule out TB. Early initiation of treatment is the most important factor affecting mortality, thus empirically starting treatment should be considered. Spontaneous enterocutaneous fistulas caused by TB are rare, and there is limited literature describing their presentation or treatment. In our case, an empiric conservative treatment approach was very successful and even eliminated the need for surgery.
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Jamaluddine, Z., Z. Chen, H. Abukmail, S. Aly, S. Elnakib, G. Barnsley, F. Majorin, et al. "War in Gaza: scenario-based excess mortality projections." In MSF Scientific Days International 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/8cchxf.

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INTRODUCTION Since 7 October 2023, large-scale military operations in the Gaza Strip have resulted in an escalating public health crisis. Residents of Gaza are mostly displaced from their homes and living in overcrowded conditions with insufficient access to water, sanitation, and food, and health services have been considerably disrupted. To inform humanitarian and decision-making efforts, we aimed to estimate the project excess mortality from traumatic injuries, infectious diseases, maternal and newborn complications, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) under different future scenarios. METHODS We used five different models to project excess deaths from February to August 2024, considering three scenarios: (1) an immediate and permanent ceasefire; (2) the status quo, reflecting conditions from mid-October 2023 to mid-January 2024; and (3) a further escalation of the conflict. Using publicly available data and expert consultations, our analysis projected excess deaths resulting under each scenario. A model was developed to determine increased malnutrition (as an underlying cause). RESULTS Without epidemics, the ceasefire scenario would result in 6550 excess deaths, rising to 58,260 under the status quo, and 74,290 under escalation. With epidemics, these projections rise to 11,580, 66,720, and 85,750, respectively. Under the ceasefire scenario, infectious diseases would be the main cause of excess deaths (1,520 excess deaths without epidemics and 6,550 with epidemics). Traumatic injuries followed by infectious diseases would be the main causes of excess deaths in both the status quo (53,450 due to traumatic injuries; 2,120 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 10,590 including epidemics) and escalation scenarios (68,650 due to traumatic injuries; 2,720 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 14,180 with epidemics). Our projections indicate that, even in the best-case ceasefire scenario, thousands of excess deaths would continue to occur, mainly due to the time it would take to improve water, sanitation, shelter conditions, and malnutrition, and restore functioning healthcare services in Gaza. While the total number of estimated excess deaths from maternal and neonatal causes are relatively small (100–330 excess deaths), every loss of a mother has severe consequences for family health and wellbeing. NCDs are projected to cause more deaths (1,680 (ceasefire) –2,680 (escalation) excess deaths) due to a heavily disrupted specialised health services and impeded access to treatment and medications. CONCLUSION These projections underscore the critical and urgent need for an immediate ceasefire to mitigate the alarming excess mortality in Gaza. The severity of the ceasefire scenario cannot be understated, with over 6–11 thousand excess deaths projected. Decision-makers must act swiftly to prevent further loss of life and address the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.
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Reports on the topic "Malnutrition – Treatment"

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Geisler, Corinna. A report on ongoing and planned non-pharmacological intervention studies for the treatment and prevention of malnutrition in elderly a MaNuEL report. Universitatsbibliothek Kiel, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21941/manuelworkpackage42.

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The "Malnutrition in the Elderly Knowledge Hub" (MaNuEL) is an action program as part of the Strategic Research Agenda of the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life". In the MaNuEL project experts of 22 research groups from 7 countries (Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, the Netherlands and New Zealand) came together to bundle up all the knowledge on malnutrition.
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Guevarra, Ernest, Emmanuel Mandalazi, Safari Balegamire, Kristine Albrektsen, Kate Sadler, Khalid Abdelsalam, Gloria Urrea, and Salma Alawad. Impact evaluation of the World Food Programme’s moderate acute malnutrition treatment and prevention programmes in Sudan. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw6ie79.

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Quak, Evert-jan. Lessons Learned from Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programmes that Operate in Fragile or Conflict Affected Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.133.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on how community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes could be adapted in settings of conflict and fragility. It identifies multiple factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of CMAM services including the health system, community engagement and linkages with other programmes, including education, sanitation, and early childhood development. Family MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) is a useful tool to increase community participation and detect early cases of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) more effectively and less likely to require inpatient care. The literature does not say a lot about m-Health solutions (using mobile devises and applications) in data collection and surveillance systems. Many of the above-mentioned issues are relevant for CMAM programmes in settings of non-emergency, emergency, conflict and fragility. However, there are special circumstance in conflict and fragile settings that need adaptation and simplification of the standard protocols. Because of a broken or partly broken health system in settings of conflict and fragility, local governments are not able to fund access to adequate inpatient and outpatient treatment centres. NGOs and humanitarian agencies are often able to set up stand-alone outpatient therapeutic programmes or mobile centres in the most affected regions. The training of community health volunteers (CHVs) is important and implementing Family MUAC. Importantly, research shows that: Low literacy of CHVs is not a problem to achieve good nutritional outcomes as long as protocols are simplified. Combined/simplified protocols are not inferior to standard protocols. However, due to complexities and low funding, treatment is focused on SAM and availability for children with MAM is far less prioritised, until they deteriorate to SAM. There is widespread confusion about combined/simplified protocol terminology and content, because there is no coherence at the global level.
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Ganimian, alejandro, Karthik Muralidharan, and Christopher K. Walters. Augmenting State Capacity for Child Development: Experimental Evidence from India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/080.

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We use a large-scale randomized experiment to study the impact of augmenting staffing in the world’s largest public early childhood program: India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). Adding a half-time worker doubled net preschool instructional time and led to 0.29σ and 0.46σ increases in math and language test scores after 18 months for children who remained enrolled in the program. Rates of stunting and severe malnutrition were also lower in the treatment group. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that the benefits of augmenting ICDS staffing are likely to significantly exceed its costs even under conservative assumptions.
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Uhl, Stacey, Shazia Mehmood Siddique, Liam McKeever, Aaron Bloschichak, Kristen D’Anci, Brian Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, and Amy Y. Tsou. Malnutrition in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer249.

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Objectives. To review the association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients, evaluate effectiveness of measurement tools for malnutrition on clinical outcomes, and assess effectiveness of hospital-initiated interventions for patients diagnosed with malnutrition. Data sources. We searched electronic databases (Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, and the Cochrane Library) from January 1, 2000, to June 3, 2021. We hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and searched for unpublished studies in ClinicalTrials.gov. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected (1) existing systematic reviews (SRs) to assess the association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes, (2) randomized and non-randomized studies to evaluate the effectiveness of malnutrition tools on clinical outcomes, and (3) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess effectiveness of hospital-initiated treatments for malnutrition. Clinical outcomes of interest included mortality, length of stay, 30-day readmission, quality of life, functional status, activities of daily living, hospital acquired conditions, wound healing, and discharge disposition. When appropriate, we conducted meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize study findings; otherwise, data were narratively synthesized. When available, we used pooled estimates from existing SRs to determine the association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes, and assessed the strength of evidence. Results. Six existing SRs (including 43 unique studies) provided evidence on the association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes. Low to moderate strength of evidence (SOE) showed an association between malnutrition and increased hospital mortality and prolonged hospital length of stay. This association was observed across patients hospitalized for an acute medical event requiring intensive care unit care, heart failure, and cirrhosis. Literature searches found no studies that met inclusion criteria and assessed effectiveness of measurement tools. The primary reason studies did not meet inclusion criteria is because they lacked an appropriate control group. Moderate SOE from 11 RCTs found that hospital-initiated malnutrition interventions likely reduce mortality compared with usual care among hospitalized patients diagnosed with malnutrition. Low SOE indicated that hospital-initiated malnutrition interventions may also improve quality of life compared to usual care. Conclusions. Evidence shows an association between malnutrition and increased mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay among hospitalized patients identified as malnourished. However, the strength of this association varied depending on patient population and tool used to identify malnutrition. Evidence indicates malnutrition-focused hospital-initiated interventions likely reduce mortality and may improve quality of life compared to usual care among patients diagnosed with malnutrition. Research is needed to assess the clinical utility of measurement tools for malnutrition.
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Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.

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Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.
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