Relevant bibliographies by topics / Malic acid

Academic literature on the topic 'Malic acid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Malic acid"

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Camarasa, Carole, Frédérique Bidard, Muriel Bony, Pierre Barre, and Sylvie Dequin. "Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Malate Permease by Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 4144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4144-4151.2001.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, l-malic acid transport is not carrier mediated and is limited to slow, simple diffusion of the undissociated acid. Expression in S. cerevisiae of the MAE1 gene, encodingSchizosaccharomyces pombe malate permease, markedly increased l-malic acid uptake in this yeast. In this strain, at pH 3.5 (encountered in industrial processes),l-malic acid uptake involves Mae1p-mediated transport of the monoanionic form of the acid (apparent kinetic parameters:V max = 8.7 nmol/mg/min;Km = 1.6 mM) and some simple diffusion of the undissociated l-malic acid (Kd = 0.057 min−1). As total l-malic acid transport involved only low levels of diffusion, the Mae1p permease was further characterized in the recombinant strain. l-Malic acid transport was reversible and accumulative and depended on both the transmembrane gradient of the monoanionic acid form and the ΔpH component of the proton motive force. Dicarboxylic acids with stearic occupation closely related to l-malic acid, such as maleic, oxaloacetic, malonic, succinic and fumaric acids, inhibitedl-malic acid uptake, suggesting that these compounds use the same carrier. We found that increasing external pH directly inhibited malate uptake, resulting in a lower initial rate of uptake and a lower level of substrate accumulation. In S. pombe, proton movements, as shown by internal acidification, accompanied malate uptake, consistent with the proton/dicarboxylate mechanism previously proposed. Surprisingly, no proton fluxes were observed during Mae1p-mediated l-malic acid import inS. cerevisiae, and intracellular pH remained constant. This suggests that, in S. cerevisiae, either there is a proton counterflow or the Mae1p permease functions differently from a proton/dicarboxylate symport.
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Kuzmina, N. S., S. V. Portnova, and E. L. Krasnykh. "Esterification of malic acid on various catalysts." Fine Chemical Technologies 15, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-2-47-55.

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Objectives. The study aims to identify the optimal choice of an effective catalyst for the esterification of malic acid to produce esters of high purity. Methods. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of reaction masses, the following analysis methods were used: mass-spectroscopy (using FinniganTrace DSQ device with NIST 2002, Xcalibur 1.31 Sp 5 database) and gas–liquid chromatography (using the Kristall 2000M software and hardware complex). Results. Esters of malic acid and butyl alcohol of normal structure were synthesized using the following catalysts: sulfuric, orthophosphoric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Amberlyst 36 Dry, Amberlyst 36 Wet, KU-2-FPP, and KIF-T. The obtained products were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The structure of the products was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Schemes for the formation of byproducts are proposed. The yields and purity of the malic acid butyl esters obtained using different catalysts were evaluated. The results show that the heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 36 Dry is optimal for obtaining a pure malic acid ester with a maximum yield. Conclusions. The results show that during the esterification of malic acid with butyl alcohol of normal structure, byproducts, such as esters of fumaric and maleic acids, are formed using different catalysts. An accumulation of byproducts occurs as a result of reactions of dehydration of malic acid or its ester. The results also show that the number of byproducts is almost independent of the catalyst, with the exception of sulfuric acid. The Amberlyst 36 Dry catalyst provides an optimal ratio between conversion and selectivity for malic acid dibutyl ester production.
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Salama, A. M., J. R. Hicks, and J. F. Nock. "Sugar and Organic Acid Changes in Stored Onion Bulbs Treated with Maleic Hydrazide." HortScience 25, no. 12 (December 1990): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1625.

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Maleic hydrazide (MH)-treated and untreated (control) onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs were stored for up to 20 weeks at 0, 15, or 30C with relative humidities (RH) of 40% or 60%. MH and RH had minimal effect on sugars and organic acids in inner or outer scale leaves that were analyzed at S-week intervals. Concentrations of fructose, glucose, and total sugars were higher in inner than outer leaves of the bulb, while the reverse was true for sucrose. Total sugars, glucose, and fructose decreased and sucrose increased with higher storage temperature. Total sugars and glucose decreased with increased storage duration. Malic acid concentration was greater in the outer leaves while citric acid levels were higher in inner leaves. Malic acid increased in onion bulbs during storage while citric acid levels were not influenced by storage duration. Total acids showed little difference across temperatures, due to the concurrent increase in citric acid and decrease in malic acid at 30C.
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Sato, Kei, Fumikazu Ikemori, Sathiyamurthi Ramasamy, Akihiro Fushimi, Kimiyo Kumagai, Akihiro Iijima, and Yu Morino. "Four- and Five-Carbon Dicarboxylic Acids Present in Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced from Anthropogenic and Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121703.

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To better understand precursors of dicarboxylic acids in ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA), we studied C4–C9 dicarboxylic acids present in SOA formed from the oxidation of toluene, naphthalene, α-pinene, and isoprene. C4–C9 dicarboxylic acids present in SOA were analyzed by offline derivatization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We revealed that C4 dicarboxylic acids including succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, DL-tartaric acid, and meso-tartaric acid are produced by the photooxidation of toluene. Since meso-tartaric acid barely occurs in nature, it is a potential aerosol tracer of photochemical reaction products. In SOA particles from toluene, we also detected a compound and its isomer with similar mass spectra to methyltartaric acid standard; the compound and the isomer are tentatively identified as 2,3-dihydroxypentanedioic acid isomers. The ratio of detected C4–C5 dicarboxylic acids to total toluene SOA mass had no significant dependence on the initial VOC/NOx condition. Trace levels of maleic acid and fumaric acid were detected during the photooxidation of naphthalene. Malic acid was produced from the oxidation of α-pinene and isoprene. A trace amount of succinic acid was detected in the SOA produced from the oxidation of isoprene.
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Nunes, Fabrize Caroline, Mário Miyazawa, and Marcos Antonio Pavan. "Organic acid effect on calcium uptake by the wheat roots." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000100002.

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This work evaluated the effect of the natural organic acids on the uptake of Ca by the wheat roots in a hydroponic solution. The following organic acids were evaluated: citric, oxalic, tartaric, malic, malonic, maleic, DL-malic, p-hydroxybenzoic, aconitic, and salicilic. The organic acids neither enhanced the root growth nor increased Ca uptake. The salicilic and malic acids were highly toxic and decreased the root growth. The citric, tartaric, maleic, aconitic, and salicilic decreased the Ca uptake by the roots due to their higher capacity to form the stable complexes with Ca in solution at pH 6.0. Decreasing the Ca valence from Ca++ to CaL+ or CaL2(0) through the organic ligand complexation reactions decreased the Ca uptake. The results suggested that the wheat roots do not absorb Ca-organic complexes.
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Hasbullah, Umar Hafidz Asy'ari, Miftahul Wahidatun Ni’mah, Endang Is Retnowati, and Rini Umiyati. "Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Properties of Robusta Coffee Effervescent Tablets Formulated in Various Organic Acids." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 38, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i1.489.

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Coffee effervescent products are an innovation in coffee formulation. The compounds that play a role in effervescent are acids and bases. Type of organic acid give an impact on the effervescent characteristics. This study aimed to examine the effect of type of organic acid on physical, chemical, and sensory properties ofRobusta coffee effervescent tablets. This study used a completely randomized design with three acids in the formulation, namely citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. Samples were analyzed in three replications. Making effervescent tablets was done by compression technique in a mixture of all ingredients according tothe formula. The results showed that different acid had a significant effect on physical and chemical parameters. Malic acid caused a faster effervescent time than citric acid and tartaric acid. Malic acid and tartaric acid tended to lower the pH slightly than citric acid. Malic acid and citric acid tended to produce hardertablets than tartaric acid. However, tartaric acid slightly increased tablets’ brightness (L*) compared to malic acid and citric acid. Tartaric acid and malic acid tended to reduce moisture compared to citric acid. The IC50 value of effervescent with malic acid and tartaric acid was lower than that of citric acid. However, therewas a slight decrease in total phenol in both. Meanwhile, the sensory profiles of tablets and effervescent drinks did not differ due to different acids. The recommended formula was that the effervescent using malic acid had an effervescent time of 166 seconds, hardness 321 N, moisture 8%, IC50 5.5 mg mL-1, total phenol4.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1, and a drink profile that has the best color, aroma, taste, and runs time
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Helavi, V. B., S. B. Solabannavar, R. S. Salunkhe, and R. B. Mane. "Microwave-Assisted Solventless Pechmann Condensation." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 5 (May 2003): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103173796.

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Solventless Pechmann condensation of various phenols with crotonic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid or maleic acid, using sulfuric acid or anhydrous zinc chloride under microwave irradiation yielded coumarins and chromanones.
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Lee, Hyoung S., and Ronald E. Wrolstad. "Apple Juice Composition: Sugar, Nonvolatile Acid, and Phenolic Profiles." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.4.789.

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Abstract Apples from Michigan, Washington, Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand were processed into juice; the 8 samples included Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Granny Smith, and Mcintosh varieties. Liquid chromatography was used for quantitation of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol), nonvolatile acids (malic, quinic, citric, shikimic, and fumaric), and phenolics (chlorogenic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF]). Other determinations included pH, °Brix, and L-malic acid. A number of compositional indices for these authentic juices, e.g., chlorogenic acid content, total malic - L-malic difference, and the HMF: chlorogenic ratio, were at variance with recommended standards. The phenolic profile was shown to be particularly influenced by gelatin fining, with peak areas decreasing by as much as 50%. The L-malic: total malic ratio serves as a better index for presence of synthetic malic acid than does the difference between the 2 determinations. No apparent differences in chemical composition could be attributed to geographic origin.
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Vazquez Oderiz, M. L., M. E. Vazquez Blanco, J. Lopez Hernandez, J. Simal Lozano, and M. A. Romero Rodriguez. "Simultaneous Determination of Organic Acids and Vitamin C in Green Beans by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 4 (July 1, 1994): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.4.1056.

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Abstract A method is described for determining and quantitating organic acids (oxalic, malic, citric, and fumaric) and vitamin C by liquid chromatography with a UV–visible detector that allows simultaneous monitoring at 2 wavelengths. The method was applied to samples of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Recoveries were 97.8% for oxalic acid, 98.9% for malic acid, 98.7% for citric acid, 99.2% for fumaric acid, and 98.5% for vitamin C. Method precisions (coefficients of variation) were 1.7% for oxalic acid, 0.8% for malic acid, 0.9% for citric acid, 1.5% for fumaric acid, and 1.2% for vitamin C. Measurement precisions (coefficients of variation) were 1.32% for oxalic acid, 0.33% for malic acid, 0.62% for citric acid, 1.01 % for fumaric acid, and 0.39% for vitamin C. Limits of detection were 0.025 mg/mL for oxalic acid, 0.022 mg/mL for malic acid, 0.024 mg/mL for citric acid, 1.0 × 10−4 mg/mL for fumaric acid, and 2.7 × 10−4 mg/mL for vitamin C.
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O., Nur Maizatul Idayu, Radziah O., and M. S. Halimi. "Effect of zinc-solubilizing bacteria and organic acids on zinc uptake and growth of rice applied with zinc sulfate." Food Research 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).009.

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An Investigation on the influence of Zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) inoculation, Zn fertilizer and organic acids on growth of rice was done at Microbiology lab, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Commercial oxalic acid (BDH), malic acid (SIGMA), citric acid (SIGMA), succinic acid (SIGMA) was used to solubilise Zn oxide, Zn carbonate and Zn sulfate at four different rates (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM). Selected organic acid and its rate was then combined with ZSB and Zn sulfate using sand culture experiment for rice plant treatment. Highest Zn sulfate solubilisation activity at 0.421 mg/L was found using citric acid as a solubilizer. Similar observation found for malic acid and oxalic acid in Zn sulfate at 0.331 mg/L and 0.249 mg/L respectively. Then, selected organic acids were malic acid and citric acid for plant treatment with Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) and Zn sulfate. Highest plant biomass was found in inoculated plants treated with 0.1 mM malic acid in the presence of Zn sulfate at 135.67 mg/3 plants. The same treatment was also observed for the highest plant height at 29.57 cm. With the addition of malic acid, the population of the rhizosphere, endosphere and non-rhizosphere varied, but higher than control treatment Application of ZSB inoculation, with Zn sulfate at 0.2 mg/L worked best with malic acid at 0.1 mM concentration due to high increase of rice plant growth parameters, Zn uptake and Zn concentration. Bacterial populations also varied due to different organic acids and their rate
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malic acid"

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Mitsch, Michael James. "Characterization of the NADP+-dependent malic enzyme of Sinorhizobium (Rhizobium) meliloti and investigations into the requirements of malate uptake and malic enzyme activity in bacteroids /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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Pounder, Ryan J. "The synthesis and ring-opening polymerisation of novel cyclic esters from malic acid." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34607/.

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The work in this thesis is directed towards the preparation of cyclic ester monomers using malic acid as a renewable resource. Their subsequent controlled ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) to yield functionalised poly(ester)s is studied and application in micellar self-assembly reported. Chapter 1 reviews the many synthetic strategies that have been employed in the preparation of functional glycolides, lactides, ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones and β-propiolactones. Their subsequent polymerisation and applications are also discussed. Chapter 2 describes the improved synthesis of 3-(S)- [(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]- and 3,6-(S)-[di(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]-1,4- dioxane-2,5-diones, BMD and malide respectively, from L-malic acid. Controlled organocatalytic ROP of BMD realised functional poly(glycolic acid-co-benzyl α- malate)s (PBMD) with the choice of initiator proving important in determining the resulting molecular weight. Successful hydrogenolysis of these poly(glycolic acid-co-benzyl α-malate)s yielded hydrophilic poly(glycolic acid-co-α-malic acid)s (PGMA) with subsequent degradation studies in H2O observing complete degradation after six days. In Chapter 3, the synthesis of 5-(S)- and 5-(R)-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]-1,3- dioxolane-2,4-dione (L-malOCA and D-malOCA respectively) from L- and Dmalic acid respectively is reported. ROP of malOCA with a range of pyridine based catalysts enabled the synthesis of functional poly(benzyl α-malate)s (PBMA). Mechanistic studies revealed the formation of several side products that were eliminated via judicious choice of catalyst and column chromatography. Subsequent hydrogenolysis realised hydrophilic poly(α-malic acid)s (PMA) with degradation studies in H2O observing complete degradation after 10 days. Chapter 4 reports the synthesis of novel amphiphilic PEO-b-PBMA block copolymers by the ROP of L-malOCA or D-malOCA from PEO macroinitiators with subsequent self-assembly realising polymeric micelles. Variation in both size dimensions and stability of the micelles through changes in both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic block lengths and their relative ratios was demonstrated. The self-assembly of an equimolar mixture of homochiral PEO-b- P(L-BMA) and PEO-b-P(D-BMA) resulted in the formation of stereocomplexed polymeric micelles. Chapter 5 provides a summary of the findings in chapters 2 – 4 with chapter 6 providing the corresponding experimental data.
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Hahn, Christian Joachim [Verfasser]. "Polyesters Based on Malic Acid - Pendant Hydroxyl Groups as Distinctive Feature for Versatile Modifications / Christian Joachim Hahn." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1051574692/34.

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Sandéhn, Alexandra. "Capillary Organic Electronic Ion Pump for Delivering Malic Acid - Towards Better Understanding of Drought Tolerance in Tropical Plants." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Laboratoriet för organisk elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178191.

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Delivery of biologically relevant ions such as drugs, neurotransmitters and hormones have been recognized as powerful a tool to control physiology of animals and plants for research purposes and practical applications. In the plant research community, ions are most commonly delivered as part of a solvent by soaking, spraying, pipetting or by adding to the soil. These methods have low control of the delivery dynamics and quantity of ion uptake. These issues motivated the development of the Organic Electronic Ion Pump (OEIP), which delivers only ions of interest by applying an external electric field through a polyelectrolyte membrane of high fixed charge concentration. A miniaturized, implantable version of the OEIP based on capillary fibres (c-OEIP), where the polyelectrolyte is enclosed in a capillary, enabled even higher precision of the delivery. In this master thesis, c-OEIP has been applied in the tropical plant Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana, chosen due to its characteristic skill to gradually learn to save water: while maturing it shifts to night time photosynthesis and transpiration, called Constitutive Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. A better understanding of this metabolism and water saving ability could guide engineering of enhanced drought tolerance in crop plants, which is motivated by the increasing global warming. One of the biologically relevant ions that is potentially involved in this water-saving learning process is the malate ions. The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that c-OEIP is able to deliver malate ions to cause a reduction in stomatal conductance and transpiration of intact leaves of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. To test this hypothesis, firstly, the capillary-based OEIP were fabricated using polyimide coated glass capillaries filled with AETMAC polyelectrolyte. The ability of these devices to deliver malic acid (MA) was verified by using current-voltage characterisation during loading and delivery of MA. Secondly, the setup for MA delivery with c-OEIP to intact kalanchoe leaf was developed, optimising the insertion method to minimize the wounding of the plant and increase assay reproducibility. Finally, the MA was delivered to intact kalanchoe leaves via c-OEIP, where the plant transpiration response was evaluated using standard gas exchange porometer and also novel infrared camera, as plant temperature can be correlated with plant transpiration status. The results indicate that c-OEIP can deliver MA and trigger reduction of transpiration of young kalanchoe leaves, supporting the hypothesis that malate ions act to reduce stomatal conductance, potentially conveying a feedback message from the mesophyll to the guard cells.

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

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Coetzee, Zelmari. "Site and vintage response of malic and tartaric acid in Vitis vinifera L. cv’s Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85736.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acids are one of the major components that originate largely from the berry, that are found in wine, and that influence the sensory perception. The presence of organic acids in adequate concentrations in the grape berry, of which tartaric- and malic acid are the main organic acids present, is important as this determines the potential of a must to produce a good and stable wine. The effect of temperature on the organic acid content of the must is widely discussed with higher temperatures in general being associated with lower quantities of organic acids present in the juice, and lower temperatures during ripening associated with higher quantities, specifically in the case of malic acid. Due to the topographical diversity of the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin district and the closeness of the ocean and the occurrence of sea breezes, the mesoclimate differs greatly over short distances. Sixteen sites, consisting of eight Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon sites respectively, were selected from a broader terroir study site network. Three vintages with complete climatic datasets were selected for vintage comparisons. Climate in the study area was monitored on differing scales, and data from a weather station network, as well as from mesoclimatic dataloggers within the sites were available. The available data was firstly compared to determine the variability of the data, not only between the two climatic scales, but also between the sites. Different climate classification indices and parameters available in literature were thereafter compared and evaluated for the best representation in this area. The Huglin index was found to be a better representation regarding the thermal climatic indices. Due to the great differences between temperatures noted for the mesoclimatic loggers and the nearest automatic weather station, the use of mesoclimatic logger data was preferred, and is advised in future studies where this scale of data is available. Malic and tartaric acid has a definite synthesis period up until véraison, after which the content of tartaric acid remains constant in the berry and the content of malic acid decreases until harvest due to mainly respiration. The temperature data was therefore separated in a synthesis period from flowering to véraison, and a ripening period from véraison to harvest. In this study, clear differences were firstly seen in the climate as expected, not only between sites per vintage, but in addition between vintages and between vintages per site. The phenological differences between the sites could be largely attributed to the differences in temperature as phenology and temperature was found to be highly correlated in this study. Differences in the ripening parameters were noticed in addition to the contents of the organic acids between sites, although no definite contribution of temperature was shown to affect the contents of these compounds at either véraison or harvest. These differences may be attributed to other factors such as the soil water content and the canopy architecture. In addition, these factors all contribute in differing percentages to the differences found in the contents per site. It was found though that temperature can be used as an indicator of the organic acid content in the grape berry, considering that the temperature data is available on a mesoclimatic scale, separated in a synthesis and period of degradation, and the number of hours within the temperature thresholds are determined. Differences seen in the organic acid contents can however not only be attributed to the differences in topography and the temperature as discussed in this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sure is belangrike druifkomponente wat grootliks hul oorsprong in die korrel het, in die wyn voorkom, en die sensoriese persepsie van die wyn beïnvloed. Die voorkoms van organiese sure in genoegsame konsentrasies in die korrel, waarvan wynsteensuur en appelsuur die hoof organiese sure is, is belangrik aangesien dit die potensiaal van die sap om ʼn goeie en stabiele wyn te produseer, bepaal. Hoe temperatuur die inhoud van organiese sure in die druiwesap affekteer is gereeld onder bespreking, met hoër temperature in die algemeen geassosieer met ʼn laer inhoud van organiese sure, terwyl laer temperature geassosieer word met ʼn hoër inhoud van organiese sure in die sap, veral in die geval van appelsuur. As gevolg van die topografiese diversiteit van die Stellenbosch Wyn van Oorsprong distrik, asook die nabyheid van die oseaan met die gepaardgaande voorkoms van die seebries, verander die mesoklimaat aansienlik oor klein afstande in hierdie area. Vir die studie was sestien wingerde, wat bestaan het uit agt Sauvignon Blanc en agt Cabernet Sauvignon wingerde, geselekteer vanuit ʼn groter terroir studie. Verder was drie seisoene, met volledige klimaatsdatastelle, geselekteer vir die vergelyking van data tussen die seisoene. Klimaat was op verskillende skale binne die studie area gemonitor en data van ʼn weerstasie netwerk, sowel as van mesoklimaat dataversamelaars binne die wingerde, was beskikbaar. Die beskikbare datastelle was vergelyk, asook geëvalueer, om die mees verteenwoordigende datastel vir die area te bepaal. Met die oorweging van die termiese indekse was daar gevind dat die Huglin indeks beter verteenwoordigend van die area was. Verder, as gevolg van die groot verskille wat gevind is tussen die temperature gemeet met die mesoklimaat dataversamelaars en die naaste outomatiese weerstasie, was daar besluit dat die gebruik van die mesoklimaat data verkies is en is dit ook aan te beveel vir die gebruik in toekomstige navorsing indien die tipe data beskikbaar is. Wynsteen- en appelsuur het beide ʼn definitiewe sintese periode tot en met véraison, waarna die hoeveelheid wynsteensuur in die korrel relatief konstant bly en die hoeveelheid appelsuur afneem hoofsaaklik as gevolg van respirasie. Die temperatuur data was dus verdeel in ‘n periode van sintese vanaf blom tot en met véraison, en ʼn rypwordingsperiode vanaf véraison tot en met oes. In hierdie studie was daar eerstens groot verskille waargeneem in die klimaat soos wat daar verwag is. Hierdie verskille was nie net waargeneem as tussen die seisoene nie, maar ook tussen die wingerde binne ʼn seisoen. Die fenologiese veskille tussen die wingerde wat ook waargeneem is, kon hoofsaaklik aan die verskille in die temperatuur toegeskryf word en ʼn goeie korrelasie tussen temperatuur en fenologie is opgemerk. Merkwaardige verskille in die rypwordingsparameters, asook in die inhoud van die organiese sure, was waargeneem, alhoewel die bydrae van temperatuur op die inhoud van hierdie komponente by véraison of oes nie as definitief getoon is nie. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan die bydrae van ander faktore, soos byvoorbeeld die grondwaterinhoud en die lowerargitektuur, op die inhoud van hierdie komponente. Die addisionele faktore dra egter in verskillende persentasies by tot die verskille waargeneem tussen die wingerde.
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Horáček, Pavel. "Studium produkce extracelulárních polymerů pomocí mikroorganismu Aureobasidium pullulans." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216967.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the study of the influence of cultivation conditions and arrangement for the production of extracellular polymeric substances by using yeast-like microorganism Aureobasidium pullulans. In the theoretical part a brief description of A. pullulans, its use in biotechnology and produced exobiopolymers, especially pullulan and poly-L-malic acid are presented. The first aim of the experimental part was to set the most appropriate cultivation conditions for A. pullulans CCM 8182. Growth and production properties in optimum conditions were compared with cultivation on waste substrates - oat bran, buckwheat husks, apple fiber and others. Waste substrates can be used as cheap nutrient sources which enable reducing cost of potential biotechnological production. As a further part of this work, optimization of HPLC/RI method for analysis of exobiopolymers has been done. Optimal mobile phase composition and chromatography conditions were proposed. Column Roa organic acid H+ was the most suitable for simultaneous separartion of glucose and malic acid. Before HPLC analysis hydrolysis of polymers was done. Sulphuric acid (5 mmol/L) was used as a mobile phase at flow rate 0.5 mL/min and temperature 60 °C. The highest production of pullulan occurred using oat bran as a substarate (13.03 g/L) at an initial pH 7.5. Maximum production of poly-L-malic acid was observed during the cultivation on apple peels (2.89 g/L) at pH 6. It was found that the higher production of poly-L-malic acid occurred at pH 6, while higher production of pullulan was at pH 7.5.
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7

Al-Hossain, Md Shahriar. "Study of superconducting and electromagnetic properties of un-doped and organic compound doped MgB₂ conductors." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/90.

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Kniel, Kalmia Elisabeth. "Evaluation of chemical treatments and ozone on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fruit juices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27243.

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite historically associated with waterborne and more recently foodborne outbreaks of diarrheal illness. Contamination of certain foods, such as unpasteurized apple cider, with infective oocysts may occur as oocysts are shed in the feces of common ruminants like cattle and deer that graze in and around orchards. Cryptosporidiosis can result in a severe illness for previously healthy individuals and a life-threatening illness in immunocompromised individuals. Disease occurs after the ingestion of small infective oocysts (4 to 5 mm in size). The relatively thick membrane of the oocysts allows them to be resistant to chlorine and many other environmental pressures, making oocysts difficult to inactivate. In this study, alternative treatments to pasteurization were evaluated for their ability to inhibit C. parvum oocyst viability in fruit juices. Oocyst viability was analyzed with a cell culture infectivity assay, using a human illeocecal cell line (HCT-8) that is most similar to human infection. The percent inhibition of infection by each treatment was determined along with the corresponding log reduction for the treatments found to be most effective. Infection by treated oocysts was compared to that of control untreated oocysts. Cell monolayers were infected with 10⁶ treated oocysts or a series of 10-fold dilutions. Parasitic life stages were visualized using an immunohistochemistry system and 100 microscope fields counted per monolayer. Organic acids and H₂O₂ were added on a wt/vol basis to apple cider, orange juice, and grape juices. Malic, citric, and tartaric acids at concentrations from 1%-5% inhibited C. parvum infectivity of HCT-8 cells by up to 88%. Concentrations ranging from 0.025%-3% H₂O₂ were evaluated where addition of 0.025% H₂O₂ to each juice resulted in a >5 log reduction of C. parvum infectivity as determined with an MPN-based cell culture infectivity assay. Treating apple cider, orange juice, and grape juice with ozone for a time period of 30 seconds up to 15 minutes at 6° and 22°C (0.9 g/L flow rate) inhibited C. parvum viability to > 90% as monitored in the cell culture assay. It is hypothesized that oocyst wall proteins that are necessary for infection are oxidized by the reactive oxygen species generated from the decomposition of the ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments. These treatments or combinations thereof may offer potential alternatives to traditional pasteurization for fruit juices to successfully inhibit C. parvum viability.
Ph. D.
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Volschenk, Heinrich. "Characterisation of L-malic acid metabolism in strains of Saccharomyces and the development of a commercial wine yeast strain with an efficient malo-ethanolic pathway." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52728.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: L-Malic and tartaric acid are the most prominent organic acids in wine and playa crucial role in winemaking processes and wine quality, including the organoleptic quality and the physical, biochemical and microbial stability of wine. The production of premium wines depends on the oenologist's skill to accurately adjust wine acidity to obtain the optimum balance with other wine components to produce wine with optimum colour and flavour. Strains of Saccharomyces, in general, rarely degrade L-malic acid completely in grape must during alcoholic fermentation, with relatively minor modifications in total acidity during vinification. The degree of L-malic acid degradation, however, varies from strain to strain. Some strains of Saccharomyces are known to be able to degrade a higher percentage of L-malic acid, but the underlying reason for this phenomenon is unknown. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have been partially revealed during preliminary transcriptional regulation research during this study. In contrast, S. pombe cells can effectively degrade up to 29 gil L-malic acid via the malo-ethanolic pathway that converts L-malic acid to pyruvate and CO2, and ultimately to ethanol under fermentative conditions. A number of reasons for the weak degradation of L-malic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been postulated. Firstly, S. cerevisiae lacks the machinery for the active transport of L-malic acid found in S. pombe and relies on rate-limiting simple diffusion for the uptake of extracellular L-malic acid. Secondly, the malic enzyme of S. cerevisiae has a significantly lower substrate affinity for L-malic acid (Km = 50 mM) than that of S. pombe (Km = 3.2 mM), which contributes to the weaker degradation of L-malic acid in S. cerevisiae. Lastly, the mitochondrial location of the malic enzyme of S. cerevisiae, in contrast to the cytosolic S. pombe malic enzyme, suggests that the S. cerevisiae malic enzyme is inherently subject to the regulatory effects of fermentative metabolism. The malate permease gene tmael) and the malic enzyme gene (mae2) of S. pombe was therefore cloned and co-expressed in single or multi-copy under regulation of the constitutive S. cerevisiae 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) promoter and terminator sequences in a laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae. This introduced a strong malo-ethanolic phenotype in S. cerevisiae where L-malic acid was rapidly and efficiently degraded in synthetic and Chardonnay grape must with the concurrent production of higher levels of ethanol. Functional expression of the malo-ethanolic pathway genes of S. pombe in a laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae paved the way for the genetic modification of industrial wine yeast strains of Saccharomyces for commercial winemaking. A prerequisite for becoming an inherited component of yeast is the stable integration of the malo-ethanolic genes into the genome of industrial wine yeast strains. Genetic engineering of wine yeasts strains of Saccharomyces is, however, complicated by the homothallic, multiple ploidy and prototrophic nature of industrial strains of Saccharomyces. Transformation and integration of heterologous genes into industrial strains of Saccharomyces require the use of dominant selectable markers, i.e. antibiotic or toxic compound resistance markers. Integration of these markers into the yeast genome is, however, not acceptable for commercial application due to the absence of long-term risk assessment and consumer resistance. A unique strategy for the integration of the S. pombe mae} and mae2 expression cassettes without the incorporation of any non-yeast derived DNA sequences was. The malo-ethanolic cassette, containing the S. cerevisiae PGK} promoter and terminator regions together with the S. pombe mae] and mae2 open reading frames, was integrated into the VRA3 locus of an industrial strain of Saccharomyces bayanus EC 1118 during co-transformation with a phleomycin-resistance plasmid, pUT332. After initial screening for phleomycin resistance, S. bayanus EC1118 transformants were cured of the phleomycin-resistance plasmid, resulting in the loss of non-yeast derived DNA sequences. After correct integration of the mae] and mae2 expression cassettes was verified, small-scale vinification in synthetic and Chardonnay grape must with stable transformants resulted in rapid and complete degradation of L-malic acid during the early stages of alcoholic fermentation. Integration and expression of the malo-ethanolic genes in S. bayanus ECll18 had no adverse effect on the fermentation ability of the yeast, while sensory evaluation and chemical analysis of the Chardonnay wines indicated an improvement in wine flavour compared to the control wines, without the production of any off-flavours.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: L-Appelsuur en wynsteensuur is die mees prominente organiese sure in wyn en speel 'n kritiese rol in die wynbereidingsproses en organoleptiese wynkwaliteit, insluitende die fisiese, biochemiese en mikrobiese stabiliteit van wyn. Die produksie van hoë-kwaliteit wyne berus op die vermoë van 'n wynmaker om die suurinhoud korrek aan te pas om sodoende 'n gebalanseerde produk met optimale geur en kleur te produseer. Saccharomyces rasse kan gewoonlik nie appelsuur volledig tydens alkoholiese gisting benut nie en dra dus nie noemenswaardig tot 'n verlaging van die totale suurinhoud van wyn by nie. Die mate van appelsuur afbraak deur Saccharomyces wissel egter van ras tot ras. Sekere Saccharomyces rasse kan 'n groter persentasie appelsuur afbreek, maar die onderliggende rede vir hierdie verskynsel is onbekend. Die onderliggende meganismes vir hierdie verskynsel is gedurende hierdie studie uitgelig na afloop van voorlopige transkripsionele regulerings studies op die malaatensiemgeen. In teenstelling hiermee kan S. pombe tot 29 gIl appelsuur via die malo-alkoholiese padweg afbreek waartydens appelsuur na pirodruiwesuur en CO2, en uiteindelik na alkoholonder fermentatiewe toestande omgeskakel word. Verskeie redes vir die swak afbraak van appelsuur deur Saccharomyces cerevisiae is voorgestel. Eerstens beskik S. cerevisiae nie oor 'n meganisme vir die aktiewe transport van appelsuur, soos in die geval van S. pombe nie, en is aangewese op die stadige opname van appelsuur deur eenvoudige diffusie. Tweedens het die S. cerevisiae malaatensiem 'n baie laer substraataffiniteit vir appelsuur (Km = 50 mM) in vergelyking met die van S. pombe (Km = 3.2 mM), wat verder bydra tot die swak afbraak van appelsuur in S. cerevisiae. Laastens dra die mitochondriale ligging van die S. cerevisiae malaatensiem in teenstelling met die sitoplasmiese ligging van die S. pombe malaatensiem, verder by tot die swak afbraak van appelsuur, aangesien die mitochondria onder fermentatiewe toestande negatief gereguleer word. Die malaatpermease geen (maely en malaatensiem geen (mae2) van S. pombe is gevolglik gekloneer en heteroloog in 'n laboratoriumras van S. cerevisiae onder die beheer van die konstitutiewe 3-fosfogliseraat kinase (PGKI) promoter- en termineerdervolgordes uitgedruk. 'n Sterk malo-alkoholiese fenotipe was duidelik tydens fermentasies met die rekombinante gis in sintetiese en Chardonnay druiwemos, met 'n gepaardgaande verhoging in alkoholvlakke. Funksionele uitdrukking van die malo-alkoholiese gene van S. pombe in 'n S. cerevisiae laboratoriumras het die weg vir die genetiese modifisering van industriële wynrasse van S. cerevisiae vir kommersiële wynfermentasie gebaan. Om 'n integrale deel van die gis te word, moet die malo-alkoholiese gene stabiel in die genoom van industriële wynrasse geïntegreer word. Genetiese manipulering van industriële wynrasse word egter bemoeilik deur die homotalliese, multi-ploïediese en prototrofiese aard van industriële Saccharomyces rasse. Transformasie en integrasie van heteroloë gene in industriële Saccharomyces rasse vereis die gebruik van dominante merkers, bv. weerstandbiedendheid teen antibiotika of ander gifstowwe. Integrasie van hierdie merkers in die gisgenoom is egter nie vir kommersiële toepassing aanvaarbaar nie weens die afwesigheid van langtermyn risikobepalings en verbruikersweerstand. Tydens hierdie studie is daar dus gepoog om industriële wynrasse met 'n unieke strategie geneties te verbeter sodat slegs gis-DNA tydens die integrasie van die S. pombe mae1 en mae2 uitdrukkingskassette in die gisgenoom opgeneem word. Die Malo-alkoholiese integrasiekasset wat slegs die S. pombe mae1, mae2 oopleesrame en die S. cerevisiae PGK1 promoter en termineerdervolgordes bevat, is in die URA3 lokus van Saccharomyces bayanus ECll18 geïntegreer tydens parallelle transformasie met 'n 'phleomycin' weerstandbiedendheidsplasmied. Na seleksie van transformante op 'phleomycin' -bevattende media, is die S. bayanus EC 1118 transformante in nieselektiewe kondisies opgegroei sodat verlies van die 'phleomycin' plasmied kon plaasvind. Integrasie van die mae1 en mae2 uitdrukkingskassette is bevestig en kleinskaalse fermentasies in sintetiese en druiwemos het 'n vinnige en doeltreffende afbraak van appelsuur in die vroeë fases van die alkoholiese fermentasie getoon. Integrasie en uitdrukking van die malo-alkoholiese gene in S. bayanus ECl118 het geen nadelige effek op die fermentasievermoë van die gis getoon nie, terwyl sensoriese en chemiese ontleding van die Chardonnay wyne 'n verbetering in aroma relatief tot die kontrole wyne getoon het, met die afwesigheid van enige afgeure.
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Duchêne, Eric. "Une exploration des possibilités génétiques pour l'adaptation de la vigne au changement climatique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ059/document.

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Les effets du changement climatique ont d’ores et déjà été observés sur la vigne : avancement des stades de développement, augmentation des teneurs en alcool des vins, baisse excessive de leur acidité. Une des voies d’adaptation possible de la viticulture est la création de nouvelles variétés. J’ai caractérisé la variabilité phénotypique de 120 descendants de croisements entre Riesling (RI) et Gewurztraminer (GW) pour (1) les stades de développement, décrits à l’aide de sommes de températures (2) la capacité à accumuler des sucres dans les raisins (3) les paramètres de l’acidité des raisins. L’utilisation de marqueurs moléculaires sur l’ADN a permis de mettre en évidence des relations entre données génétiques et phénotypiques pour tous les caractères étudiés (QTLs ou Quantitative trait loci). La principale conclusion est que la variabilité génétique pour les paramètres de l’acidité des raisins est la voie à valoriser en priorité pour l’adaptation de la vigne au changement climatique
The effects of climate change have already been observed on the grapevine : advance of phenological stages, increase in the alcohol content of the wines, excessive decrease of their acidity. Breeding new varieties is one of the possible means of adaptation. I have characterized the phenotypic variability of 120 genotypes, offspring from crossings between Riesling (RI) and Gewurztraminer (GW)for (1) the developmental stages, described with heat sums (2) the ability to accumulate sugars in the berries (3) the parameters for acidity. The use of DNA molecular markers allowed the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for all the traits studied. The main conclusion is that the genetic variability for the parameters determining the acidity of the berries is the most promising for the adaptation of grapevine cultivation to climate change
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Books on the topic "Malic acid"

1

M, Birkner Katherine, ed. Malic acid and magnesium for fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndrome. 5th ed. San Antonio, Tex: Pain & Stress Publications, 1996.

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Gawroński, Jacek. Tartaric and malic acids in synthesis: A source book of building blocks, ligands, auxiliaries, and resolving agents. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Huang, Hui Yu. The magic of lactic acid bacteria. Hong Kong: Wan Li, 2003.

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Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. Application of the MAGIC model to the Glacer Lakes catchments. Fort Collins, Colo. (240 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins 80526): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1994.

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Reuss, J. O. Application of the MAGIC model to the Glacer Lakes catchments. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1994.

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Alan, Jenkins, and Institute of Hydrology, eds. Modelling surface water acidification in the UK: Application of the MAGIC model to the Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Wallingford: Institute of Hydrology, 1997.

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Patterson, Robert J. Mine closure planning at Equity Silver Mines Ltd. IN Gadsby, J. W.; Malick, J. A.; Day, S. J., editors, Acid mine drainage--Designing for closure. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Higgs, Thomas W. ARD treatment plant sludge--Chemical stability and disposal considerations. IN Gadsby, J. W.; Malick, J. A.; Day, S. J., editors, Acid mine drainage--Designing for closure. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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The omega-3 connection: The groundbreaking omega-3 antidepression diet and brain program. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

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Les oméga-3: Une révolution dans le domaine de la santé mentale. Montréal: Du Roseau, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malic acid"

1

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Malic Acid." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 337. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6255.

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Holze, Rudolf. "Ionic conductivities of malic acid diethylester." In Electrochemistry, 248. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_231.

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Schmollack, Marc, Lukas Hartmann, and Katrin Ochsenreither. "Microbial Production of Dicarboxylates: Succinic Acid, Malic Acid, and Itaconic Acid." In Handbook of Biorefinery Research and Technology, 1–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6724-9_79-1.

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Hartmeier, Winfried. "Conversion of Fumaric Acid to Malic Acid in a Liquid-membrane Emulsion." In Immobilized Biocatalysts, 182–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73364-2_19.

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Lüttge, U., and J. A. C. Smith. "Transport of Malic Acid in Cells of CAM Plants." In Biochemistry and Function of Vacuolar Adenosine-Triphosphatase in Fungi and Plants, 227–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70320-1_20.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Surface tension of the mixture (1) water; (2) malic acid." In Supplement to IV/16, 315–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75508-1_222.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of trinuclear copper(II) complex with malic acid." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 4, 719–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62474-6_290.

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Gong, C. S., Ningjun Cao, Yan Sun, and G. T. Tsao. "Production of L-Malic Acid from Fumaric Acid by Resting Cells of Brevibacterium sp." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 481–87. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_44.

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Kaya, Muammer. "Leaching of H2SO4, Citric Acid, and Malic Acid Leached Pb and Ag Residues (Electrohydrometallurgical Process)." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 291–348. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14685-5_8.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of coordination polymer of nickel(II) with malic acid." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 930–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_354.

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Conference papers on the topic "Malic acid"

1

Lukasiewicz, Marcin, and Magdalena Marciniak. "Synthesis and properties of cyclodextrin-malic acid copolymers." In The 15th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-15-00579.

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Bandhu, Sheetal, and Debashish Ghosh. "Genetic modification to enhance single cell oil production in the oleagineous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/bdpk2930.

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Liquid fuels derived from non-fossil resources are considered feasible alternatives as global fuel demand rises. Yeast single cell oil is gaining ground as feedstock for biofuels and oleochemicals over plant-borne or algal oil due to its short lifespan and invariable quality under different seasonal or geographical conditions. In the present work, oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 was genetically modified to improve its oil-producing capacity by overexpressing malic enzyme, a reductant providing enzyme active in several oleaginous yeasts. Intracellular Malic enzyme was purified and characterized to validate its presence and determine its involvement in lipid synthesis and NADPH+ supply in the yeast R mucilaginosa. Apart from the pentose phosphate route, it was found that malic enzymes also provided reductants for lipid biosynthesis in this yeast. A linear expression cassette was created for selective integration of the malic enzyme under a strong promoter into the yeast genome. The lipid output was increased 1.18-fold along with significant alteration in its fatty acid profile. Estimating fuel properties revealed that the total monounsaturated fatty acids improved from 49% to 66%. The lipid produced by transformed yeast complies with fuel properties (Density, Viscosity, Cetane number, Cloud point, Pour point) as per the EU, Indian, and US standards. We conclude that genetically modified yeast lipids could be a sustainable alternative to using plant-borne oil in biofuel generation. The yeast's ability to assimilate pentose sugars generated from biomass hydrolysis makes it an efficient oil platform.
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Tinikashvili, N. A., and I. A. Tinikashvili. "The use of malic acid in the production of plastics products." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-09-2018-101.

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BIRGUSOVÁ, Eliška, Zuzana BYTEŠNÍKOVÁ, Amirmansoor ASHRAFI, Pavel ŠVEC, Vojtěch ADAM, and Lukáš RICHTERA. "Electrochemical sensor based on ZnONPs WITH MWCNTs FOR DETERMINATION OF MALIC ACID." In NANOCON 2023. TANGER Ltd., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/nanocon.2023.4798.

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Abbas, Sajid S., and Layth S. Jasim. "Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by montmorillonite/poly (malic acid-co-acrylic acid): Thermodynamic study." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND ADVANCES TECHNOLOGIES. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0157306.

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Mudila, Harish, Himanshu Kapoor, and Parteek Prasher. "One pot green synthesis of α-aminophosphonates with D-Malic acid as an organocatalyst." In RECENT ADVANCES IN FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: RAFAS2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990356.

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Yiin, C. L., S. Yusup, A. T. Quitain, and Y. Uemura. "Screening of hydrogen bond acceptor for the synthesis of low transition temperature mixtures with malic acid." In Energy and Sustainability V: Special Contributions. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ess140201.

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Цветов, Н. С., and Е. Ю. Пасичник. "APPLICATION OF EUTECTIC MIXTURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE + MALIC ACID FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM (L.)." In ОТ БИОХИМИИ РАСТЕНИЙ К БИОХИМИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191041_307.

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Portilla-Arias, Jose, Rameshwar Patil, Hui Ding, Sebastian Muñoz-Guerra, Keith L. Black, Julia Y. Ljubimova, and Eggehard Holler. "Abstract 378: Engineering Nanoplatforms based on hydrophobic derivatives of Poly(β, L-malic acid) for tumor drug delivery." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-378.

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Пасичник, Е. Ю., and Н. С. Цветов. "APPLICATION OF EUTECTIC MIXTURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE + MALIC ACID FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM (L.)." In Современные тенденции развития технологий здоровьсбережения. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191027_2021_283.

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Reports on the topic "Malic acid"

1

Alramadan, Ghada. The Effect of Styrene-Maleic Acid (SMA) Copolymers on Solubilizing Lipid Bilayers and Forming Nanodiscs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6719.

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Sullivan, T. J., J. M. Eilers, B. J. Cosby, C. T. Driscoll, H. F. Hemond, and D. F. Charles. The influence of naturally-occurring organic acids on model estimates of lakewater acidification using the model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6776570.

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Sullivan, T. J., J. M. Eilers, B. J. Cosby, C. T. Driscoll, H. F. Hemond, D. F. Charles, and S. A. Norton. The influence of naturally-occurring organic acids on model estimates of lakewater acidification using the model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC). Summary of research conducted during year 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147975.

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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Abstract:
The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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