Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Male'
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1
Thompson, Melissa Marie. "Males and Male Hormonal Contraception." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1196792820.
2
Benson, David A. "Male values and male violence." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2001. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21785/.
Abstract:
The present study is an investigation of the relationship between male value systems and male interpersonal conflict, with particular emphasis upon inter-personal violence. The study adopts a naturalistic methodology (Archer 1995) and draws on concepts drawn from a range of disciplines that are integrated using an evolutionary analysis (Daly and Wilson 1988, Archer 1996). The triangulation of methods comprising case studies (study 1), questionnaires (studies 3 and 4) and ethnography (study 2), form the basis for a descriptive phase of research (Archer 1989) that enabled specific hypotheses to be formulated and tested using experimental methods (studies 5 and 6). The research findings from the questionnaires and ethnographic observations suggested that male values may constitute important determinants of male aggression reflected, for instance, in the utility of physical aggression to acquire and defend status and to confirm a masculine identity. The case studies demonstrated that male value systems provide insights into the causation of extreme acts of violence. The Fight Self Report (study 3) highlighted features of fights and that they were more likely to occur in or around pubs and night-dubs, the provocations that were most likely to lead to aggressive ads and how males are expected to behave in conflict situations. The ethnographic observations (study 2) provided insights into how males interpret information about potential opponents' perceived threats and challenges and how age, social support and alcohol consumption influence aggressive responses. The observations also generated data that indicates that inter-male conversations may have ritual elements and may be used to maintain and acquire status. The Masculinity Questionnaire (study 4) provided further insight into the type of provocation that may lead to physical aggression and attitudes to how certain provocations should be responded to. The hypothesis testing stage of the project (studies 5 and 6) used questionnaires to manipulate Resource Holding Potential (RHP) and Provocation and to measure their influence on escalation of aggression. The study 5A demonstrated that young men are much less likely to indicate that they would respond to an insult with physical aggression if their opponent was bigger than them, had more potential allies and had a reputation for being successful in the use of physical aggression, which represented high RHP. Conversely young men were much more likely to use physical aggression against an opponent of low or medium RHP. The Provocation Study (study 5B) demonstrated that incidents involving insults to a sexual partner were the most likely situation to provoke a young man into using physical aggression. The final method used in the project, the Human Conflict Questionnaire (study 6), also manipulated RHP and Provocation and used measured variables that included not only physical aggression (as in study 5) but also a range of immediate and post-incident behavioural and cognitive responses. Principal Components Analyses identified three sub-scales, Direct Aggression, Non-Provocation Behaviour and Negative Impact (post-event negative emotional responses). Scales derived from these factors were used as DVs in an ANOVA The analyses. indicated that a challenge from an opponent of higher RHP than oneself is likely to reduce the chance of reacting with physical aggression but to increase non-aggressive responses Including subsequent negative cognitive reactions. Conversely high provocation from opponents of lower RHP than oneself are more likely to lead to physical aggression, and less likely to lead to nonaggressive responses, and to subsequent negative emotions. The findings of the various methods are interpreted using evolutionary concepts and a case is made for the existence of evaluative mechanisms in males that are used to assess RHP in other males and which may make males sensitive to status interactions with other men.
3
Troy, Jessica Elizabeth. "Gender Roles in Beowulf: An Investigation of Male-Male and Male-Female Interactions." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1278623951.
4
Boyer, Debra. "Male prostitution : a cultural expression of male homosexuality /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6504.
5
Caughman, Wofford Boswell. "Male mentoring." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
6
Strednak, Singer Scott Donald. "The Word was made flesh: The male body in sports evangelism." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/420132.
Abstract:
ReligionPh.D.
This dissertation explores the functions of athletic male bodies within sports evangelism. I argue that the production of the male body within sports evangelism – both physical and symbolic - plays an integral part in the mission of Christian athletes by using the body as a medium for conveying religious messages about masculinity to young men. I focus upon sports evangelism as both entertainment spectacle and as a performance of masculinity, the commercialization of evangelism in the contemporary United States, legitimated violence as religious expression, and the paradoxical relationship between bodily improvement and bodily harm within sports. I begin with a review of the sports and religion literature, identifying common themes and shortcomings, with particular regard to how Christian athletes supplement their oral ministrations with physical action. Following this, I offer a very broad survey the role of sports as socializing institutions within Western Christian history, culminating in the 20th century transition from an athletic culture driven primarily by participation to one primarily driven by consumption and spectatorship. The remaining chapters are case studies of how sports ministries and evangelical athletes have championed particular political positions from the 1980s to the present. I conclude by discussing the limits of these performances of masculinity, highlighting how masculinist fantasies of power and Christian identity in sports evangelism support conservative Christian political practices and ideologies, inscribed on the bodies of participants.
Temple University--Theses
7
MCDONALD, DAVID BARTELLE. "MALE-MALE COOPERATION IN A NEOTROPICAL LEKKING BIRD (COSTA RICA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184173.
Abstract:
Long-tailed Manakins Chiroxiphia linearis are frugivorous birds with a lek mating system and male-male cooperation in courtship display. I studied male-male networks and correlates of male mating success in a color-banded population in Monteverde, Costa Rica, from 1981 to 1986. Males were organized in teams at scattered perch-zones (75 to 300 m apart) that were usually in aural but not visual contact. Each team consisted of 3 to 15 males (x=7.1±3.4), in an apparent linear dominance hierarchy, with an alpha and beta male who did most of the courtship display. In a study population with 50 to 60 active males per season, only 6 to 8 males were alphas. Only betas inherited alpha status (n=3). Males appear to be 8 or more years of age before attaining beta status. Alpha tenure can last 4 years. Alpha males were rarely or never seen in zones other than their 'home' zone. Lower-ranking males maintained simultaneous affiliations with males at as many as 6 different zones. Each zone, therefore, was a sort of hub at which males with different affiliations around the rim came into contact. Each of the 6 major perch-zones shared at least one constituent with each of the other zones. The mean number of males shared by zones was 3.9 ± 2.7 (range=1 to 9). Marked changes occurred in male traits with increasing age and status. These included (1) Significant declines in weight throughout the lifespan, (2) a 4-year delay in plumage maturation with well-defined stages, (3) reduction in the number of zones with which males maintained affiliations, and (4) increasing probability of copulatory success (restricted to a small subset of the oldest males, ≥ 10 years of age). Variance in copulatory success was the highest yet described for birds. Of 85 males monitored between 1983 and 1986, copulations (n=121) were distributed among only 8 males. Four of these males accounted for over 90% of the copulations, with 63% accruing to one male. The beta male of this alpha copulated twice in the absence of his partner; all the other copulaters were alphas. I examined correlates of male mating success. Female visitation correlated with the number of unison 'toledo' calls given. If a female visited, copulatory success correlated both with a residual effect of the 'toledo' output and with the duration of the 'butterfly' component of the dual-male dance performance. My correlational results suggest that females do choose, on the basis of performance cues, among the small subset of males that are well-established alpha and beta partners. Development of alliances, as much as male combat, may determine attainment of high-performance partner status. Thus, sequential male-male interactions and female choice appear to produce nested subsets of successful males leading to an extreme in variance in male mating success. Males unsuccessful in male-male interactions are not 'eligible' for female choice. By requiring partnered display, females may be implicitly narrowing the subset of potentially successful males. In other lek systems the union, rather than the intersection, of the subsets produced by intra- and intersexual selection may include successful males. In that case, intrasexual selection via disruption of copulations may enlarge the pool of potentially successful males under intersexual selection and produce lower variances in male mating success. Students of sexual selection may need to consider the extent to which intra- and intersexual selection interact as union or intersecting sets to produce variance in male mating success.
8
Penny, William. "Male elementary teachers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0033/NQ64640.pdf.
9
Penny, William 1947. "Male elementary teachers." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36675.
Abstract:
This study examines questions of gender, masculinity, and teaching through an autobiographical exploration of my experiences as a male elementary teacher. Its twofold purpose as a self-study was to inform my own teaching through a perspective look at the entirety of my career to this point and to give my teaching a direction for its final years. In order to provide a context within which to locate this autobiography, biographical narratives of four other experienced male elementary teachers were constructed.The participants were asked, in a series of taped and transcribed interviews/conversations, to relate their experiences as male elementary teachers. The orientation of these biographical constructions followed a life history methodological approach. The participants were asked to trace their careers as elementary teachers and touch on such broad topic areas as: How they became elementary teachers? What has kept them in the classroom? How they see their roles in the context of their female colleagues? What is the future direction of their careers? What are some of the particular issues of teaching that concern them?
It was through my own participation in these conversations, and through the subsequent analysis and construction of their biographies that I was able to address these questions as they related to my own teaching. Their narratives provided a contextual backdrop for our shared experiences and a counterpoint to those experiences that are unique to each of us. I call the emergent methodology "contextualized autobiography." It was, in fact, through their narratives that my own story emerged and granted insight into issues of teaching, gender and masculinity as they exist for the male elementary teacher. The study's significance beyond the exploration of self is addressed to the political issue of the calls for more male teachers in elementary education and the assumptions on which those calls are based.
10
Saunders, Candida. "Prosecuting male rape." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537795.
11
Gelderman, Wendell. "A study of transference in the male to male counselling relationship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/MQ48826.pdf.
12
Clark, Damion Ray. "Marginally male re-centering effeminate male characters in E. M. Forster /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04212005-212920/.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. LeeAnne Richardson, committee chair; Marilynn Richtarik, Margaret Mills Harper, committee members. Electronic text (56 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 2, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
13
Curtis-Chávez, Mark. "Hispanic Male Success in the Community College as Measured by Cumulative GPA." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501775584852973.
14
South, Sandra. "The Evolution of Sexually Homologous Ornaments : Selection via Male Mate Choice Coinciding with Male-Male Competition in a Neotropical Mosquito." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-141936.
Abstract:
The evolution of elaborate male ornaments via sexual selection is well-understood while the selective pressures acting on female ornaments remains unresolved. Female ornaments in species with strong sexual selection on the male homologue of the ornament were originally thought to result from an intersexual genetic correlation. My thesis explores the evolution of ornaments in females due to direct selection by developing theoretical models and examining the biology of a neotropical mosquito (Sabethes cyaneus) with sexually homologous ornaments coinciding with male-male competition. I began by exploring the morphology of the ornaments in both sexes of S. cyaneus. Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the ornaments was slight and both male and female ornaments showed classic hallmarks of sexually selected traits. I then tested for direct selection on S. cyaneus male and female ornaments via mutual mate choice. I found evidence of male, but surprisingly not female, preferences for ornaments. I then further considered the evolution of male mate choice in polygynous species. First, I investigated whether male investment in courtship by S. cyaneus may result in a lower operational sex ratio and thereby reduce the costs associated with male mate choice. Male courtship did pose a significant longevity cost to male S. cyaneus. Second, I explored the possibility that a female preference for male courtship effort may contribute to the benefits of male mate choice in a series of population genetic models. The spread of a male preference gene can be driven by female preferences for male courtship when males court preferred females more. Finally, I found that female S. cyaneus are not benefitting from signalling to increase their mating rate as they are monandrous. My thesis therefore challenges standing sexual selection theory and suggests that sexual selection on females may be more widespread than previously thought.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 729
15
Shefferman, Lee. "The relationship of male socialization and personality pathology in male batterer subtypes." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5831.
Abstract:
This study examined the role that rigid sex-role stereotyping and male
socialization played in differentiating the three typologies of male batterers. The first
purpose was to utilize a cluster analysis to determine whether the three male batterer
clusters (Family Only (FO), Borderline-Dysphoric (BD) and Generally Violent-
Antisocial (GVA)) theorized by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) could be
reproduced using the MMPI-2. 101 adult court referred males on probation for domestic
violence were given the MMPI-2, and three distinct batterer typologies emerged. Once
the clusters were established, this study attempted to determine if the theoretical model
proposed by Jennings and Murphy (2000), which emphasized male socialization and its
potential effect on male-female interactions within intimate relationships, is influential in
creating differentiation among the cluster typologies. Specifically, an emphasis was
placed on examining how the FO male batterer cluster differed from the BD and GVA
clusters. Four variables were theorized to best represent Jennings and Murphy'ÃÂs (2000)
model, including: the Masculine-Feminine (MF) clinical scale, Social Introversion (Si)
clinical scale, Gender-Masculine (GM) supplementary scale and Low Self-Esteem (LSE) content scale. A MANOVA was utilized to see if the three batterer typologies differed
on the variables (MF, Si, GM, and LSE) that encompass the male socialization construct.
Results indicated that statistically significant differentiation did exist between the three
clusters. Furthermore, there was indication that the FO men adhered more closely to
rigid traditional male roles and displayed higher self-esteem. Discussion focused on the
importance of matching treatment to batterer typology and the importance of
incorporating discussion of male socialization into group therapy treatment.
16
Javaid, Ali Raza. "Male rape, masculinities, and sexualities : understanding, policing, and overcoming male sexual victimisation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3922.
Abstract:
This qualitative project critically explores state and voluntary agencies’ attitudes toward, and responses to male rape victims in England. It critically examines the ways in which police officers, male rape counsellors, therapists, and voluntary agency caseworkers (N = 70) think about and deal with male victims of rape. It pays close attention to how notions of gender, sexualities and masculinities affect and shape state and voluntary agencies’ understanding of male rape and their views of men as victims of rape. Police cultures are also examined to understand how male rape is policed in England. The data are grounded in sociological, cultural, and post-structural theoretical frameworks, such as hegemonic masculinity and heteronormativity. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires. The qualitative data were analysed with the use of thematic analysis, drawing out important themes and concepts of the ways in which male rape is thought about, responded to, and dealt with by state and voluntary agencies. The research contributes to existing knowledge on male rape by contributing theoretically to discourse on unreported and unacknowledged sexual violence. Research on male rape is lacking in England. The scarce literature on male rape predominately examines male rape from either a clinical or psychological perspective, whereas this project approaches male rape from a sociological, cultural and post-structural perspective to fully understand this phenomenon. Providing state and voluntary agencies’ discourses of male rape is important because they are the first port of call for male rape victims, yet the existing body of knowledge predominantly focuses on the victims’ experiences of rape, although this is important. It is also vital, though, to make sense of the experiences and perspectives of state and voluntary agencies because they work very closely with male rape victims. I argue that cultures, social relations, power and discourses shape how state and voluntary agencies understand and respond to male rape. Through social structures, social practices, and social institutions, state and voluntary agencies consider and respond to male rape inconsistently, which can have serious implications for policy and practice as this project carefully details.
17
Biney, Fred Nana. "Experiences of Nonincarcerated African American Male Youth With an Incarcerated Male Sibling." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2788.
Abstract:
Approximately half of all incarcerated individuals in the United States are young African American men. Researchers have documented that nonincarcerated siblings may commit a crime when their sibling is in prison. The current study addressed literature regarding the experiences, and coping strategies of nonincarcerated young African American men who live in the inner city, and have a male sibling in prison. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study explored the lived experiences and coping strategies of African
American male youth with a brother in incarceration. Purposive sampling was used to select 3 nonincarcerated African American young men aged 18 to 24 years living in the inner city of a large city in southern Connecticut for in-depth interviews. Overall findings showed that while having an incarcerated sibling was a profoundly negative experience for study participants, and their families, the study participants also developed some positive coping strategies as a result of their experiences. These results could help policymakers, social workers, counselors, and criminal justice professionals understand the impacts of sibling incarceration, and learn how to deal more effectively with youth affected by it.
.
18
Rodgers, Janice. "Is the state male? /." Title page and contents only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr691.pdf.
19
Hunt, Katrina. "Abortion : the male perspective." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532577.
Abstract:
Despite the high public profile of abortion, and the fact that men play a shared role in the creation of any pregnancy, men have been accorded little visibility in research, debates and the media in relation to abortion. This study argues the importance of conducting research with men in relation to (1) the decision-making process to have an abortion, (2) the male role and the provision of support, (3) the psychological responses of men involved in an abortion and (4) the positioning of men with regard to the moral aspects of abortion. A further research aim was to explore how men involved in abortion speak about responsibility in relation to contraception. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight men ranging in age from 25-34 yrs, whose respective partners / ex-partners had undergone a legal abortion for reasons other than foetal abnormality within the last eight years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed as the primary method of analysis, while Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was used to address the research aim regarding contraception. The main findings were that in the decision-making process to have an abortion the men experienced feelings of powerlessness, compounded by ineffective communication with their partners. The men tended to feel that they lacked a role in relation to abortion and they appeared somewhat uncomfortable within a support role. There were both positive and negative responses to the abortion, including feeling relief, becoming more responsible, being wary of future relationships and feeling shame. The men appeared to attempt to distance themselves from thinking about the moral aspects of abortion. Finally, men's cultural positioning in relation to contraception (as not responsible and marginalised) was very apparent in their talk about contraception in the context of abortion. The importance of placing psychological research within the social context was discussed and the results suggested that the male participants' experiences of abortion were strongly influenced by dominant societal discourses about men and women. It was argued that abortion is a topic that challenges the traditional gender roles. The possible implications of the research, alongside a continued increase in the visibility of men in relation to abortion, were discussed regarding men's and women's experiences of abortion, further research, service provision and social policy.
20
Scott, Jonathan Matthew. "Male Endurance Athlete Tetrad." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343572156.
21
Neighbour, Mark Lyle. "The male fashion bias." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/18362/1/Mark_Neighbour_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Since the establishment of the first European fashion houses in the nineteenth century the male wardrobe has been continually appropriated by the fashion industry to the extent that every masculine garment has made its appearance in the female wardrobe. For the womenswear designer, menswear’s generic shapes are easily refitted and restyled to suit the prevailing fashionable silhouette. This, combined with a wealth of design detail and historical references, provides the cyclical female fashion system with an endless supply of “regular novelty” (Barthes, 2006, p.68). Yet, despite the wealth of inspiration and technique across both male and female clothing, the bias has largely been against menswear, with limited reciprocal benefit. Through an exploration of these concepts I propose to answer the question; how can I use womenswear patternmaking and construction technique to implement change in menswear design?
22
Neighbour, Mark Lyle. "The male fashion bias." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18362/.
Abstract:
Since the establishment of the first European fashion houses in the nineteenth century the male wardrobe has been continually appropriated by the fashion industry to the extent that every masculine garment has made its appearance in the female wardrobe. For the womenswear designer, menswear’s generic shapes are easily refitted and restyled to suit the prevailing fashionable silhouette. This, combined with a wealth of design detail and historical references, provides the cyclical female fashion system with an endless supply of “regular novelty” (Barthes, 2006, p.68). Yet, despite the wealth of inspiration and technique across both male and female clothing, the bias has largely been against menswear, with limited reciprocal benefit. Through an exploration of these concepts I propose to answer the question; how can I use womenswear patternmaking and construction technique to implement change in menswear design?
23
Vainionpää, Kirsi. ""Male menopause" : the birth of a new illness /." Rovaniemi : University of Lapland, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy1002/2007425256.html.
24
Brown, Charles Paul. "Range vs. Register: An Important Distinction in Choral Repertoire for the Adolescent Male." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195313.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine appropriate choral literature for the adolescent male. Historically, scholars have focused on the lowering of the maturing male voice into the newly-formed chest register. During the change process, the male voice is unpredictable and can have a limited range. While a vast amount of repertoire for the adolescent male accommodates this downward progression and anticipates the narrow range, most adolescent boys are, in fact, capable of singing pitches above the chest register.Registers will be identified in this study. Discussion will pertain to registration shifts between chest register, head register, and falsetto in the adolescent male. I will investigate the use of the head register, which is a legitimate and vital component in healthy singing during adolescence. I will then compare registration to the historical knowledge of the male changing voice, which focuses mostly on the range and development of the newly-forming chest register.I will apply the concept of registration to choral repertoire taken from the 2005 and 2007 American Choral Directors Association (ACDA) national convention reading session packets. I will identify music that best and least facilitates the use and mixture of head-register and chest-register singing. Music for treble voices in various combinations (SA, SSA, SSAA, etc.) and three-part mixed music (SAB) will be examined. Each category presents a set of advantages and disadvantages for the adolescent male. Specific musical examples will illustrate the discussion. Careful repertoire selection with registration as a criterion is a key factor in unlocking male singing potential during adolescence. Although boys have unpredictable ranges, as it will be shown, registers are constant.
25
Hellmann, Bryan Dov. "A social constructionist exploration of male law enforcement officers' attitudes towards male rape." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05282008-125949.
26
Hood, Edwin P. "Male teacher perspective on the recruitment of male elementary teachers| A phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3691411.
Abstract:
To increase the number of male teachers at the elementary level in public education, the use of recruitment strategies is necessary. The problem is a lack of literature concerning recruitment strategies for male educators in elementary education. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the perceptions of male teachers and district recruiters to identify common themes of recruitment used in school districts in Texas to procure more males at the elementary public education level. This study was framed through theories of social cognition and self-efficacy. A sample of 23 male teachers from elementary and secondary public education provided responses to 16 openended survey questions. Using Nvivo10, four major themes were identified based on keyword weighted percentage: recruited and applied, viewed as masculine, elementary men are stereotyped as feminine, and recruit using males in current positions of employment. The findings revealed recruitment strategies identified by male teachers that could influence more males to teach at the elementary level as well as factors that influence males to work at this education level. This study authenticates recruitment strategies to employ more males at the elementary level in public education.
27
Dombrowski, Fredrick B. "Differences in male and female counselors? attitudes toward male and female sex offenders." Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150212.
Abstract:
Counselors are members of the general public and, thus, are exposed to popular misperceptions about specialty populations, specifically sex offenders. Male and female counselors can be socialized to vary in their responses to sex offenses. Inaccurate assumptions about sex offenders and discrepancies in counselor attitudes towards clients can linger in the counseling environment impacting treatment. This quantitative survey study was conducted to assess the attitudes of male and female counselors towards sex offenders of both sexes. This study hypothesized that male and female counselors would differ significantly in their attitudes towards sex offenders and that counselors’ attitudes towards male sex offenders would differ significantly from attitudes toward female sex offenders. Participants completed the Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders Scale (ATS) in conjunction with reading a vignette about the relationship between an adult teacher and a high school student. A purposive sample of 202 counselors was obtained through national and state counseling organizations. Participants reviewed vignettes and completed the ATS online via Qualtrics. Data were analyzed with SPSS and ANOVA, indicating that male counselors had significantly more positive attitudes towards sex offenders than female counselors. Results also showed that both male and female counselors had more positive attitudes towards female sex offenders than toward male sex offenders; however, the difference in attitudes towards male versus female sex offenders was not statistically significant. The findings suggested that counselors are at risk for maintaining inaccurate assumptions leading to unhelpful treatment. The results can lead to improved trainings to counselors and counselor educators to provide education about the experience of specialty populations and to discuss internal counselor responses to such clients.
28
Henriksson, Pontus, and Karl Pålsson. "A Study on the persuasiveness of male influencers on male followers in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36436.
Abstract:
Since influencer marketing is a relatively new term, there is a scarce theoretical foundation investigating the subject. Previous research has mainly focused on identifying female followers' behavior and how they are persuaded, fewer studies are on male followers and the ability of male influencers to influence their followers. Therefore this master thesis aims to investigate if and how male influencers persuade their male followers. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if and in that case how male followers are influenced by the persuasiveness of male influencers. Method: Based on the literature review, a theoretical framework is proposed to accomplish the aim of the thesis. For the empirical evidence, a qualitative approach was taken, with the help of ten online based interviews. Furthermore, the content analysis method was used for the analysis of the collected data. Results & Conclusions: The results of the study provide evidence that followers of these influencers are persuaded by influencers, and they are persuaded by influencers on two main factors, authority and likeability. Suggestions for future research: As a suggestion for future research we suggest someone to research more in depth with more interviews carried out. Also, more research is needed on persuasion over male followers +35 years old and how persuasiveness of an influencer is influencing in different industries. Contribution of the thesis: This research study contributes with knowledge on male influencers and male followers and especially with knowledge on how male followers are persuaded by male influencers. This research findings contributes to the theoretical framework by showing that social media influencers, influences its followers on two main factors, likability and authority. Furthermore, influencers can use this study to enhance their persuasive power and it provides a good understanding of the mechanisms that are influencing the persuasive power.
29
Bunner, Emily Dawn Downing Eric. "Rivalry and desire male-male relations in Ovid's Amores and French feminist theory /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2552.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Curriculum of Comparative Literature." Discipline: English and Comparative Literature; Department/School: English and Comparative Literature.
30
Ihobe, Hiroshi. "Male-male relationships of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba,Republic of Zaire." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86436.
31
Mullings, Philecia Simone. "Perception of Anal HPV Infection by HIV-Positive Men Practicing male-male-sex." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1794.
Abstract:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a preventable, sexually transmitted infection whose prevalence has been rising dramatically among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States since 2008. The HPV infection rate for MSM is rising even faster for MSM who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for those who have developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is not clear whether MSM in general and MSM with HIV have the knowledge necessary to prevent infection of themselves and their partners. This phenomenological study explored the knowledge, health perceptions, attitudes, and norms of the community of MSM and HIV-positive MSM relative to HPV, using private, semi-structured, detailed interviews with 37 HIV-positive MSM between 18 and 26 years of age; interviews were conducted at 3 outpatient clinics and 2 private medical practices. Interview transcripts were analyzed; these findings revealed that the study population of HIV-positive MSM had a basic understanding of HPV but knew little about the transmission of HPV or about the availability and cost of HPV vaccines. This study promotes positive social change by identifying specific opportunities to improve health education policy and programs targeting HIV-positive MSM. It also supports primary prevention efforts that have the potential to be life-saving. Through educating MSMs, the potential exists to reach more MSMs with primary prevention life-saving efforts. Study recommendations include developing inclusive education programs addressing different aspects of, and behavioral approaches to, the reduction of HPV infection risk; further exploration of a cost-benefit analysis of the HPV vaccine; and support for policy change regarding insurance coverage for male HPV vaccine in the United States.
32
Hale, Jennifer Ann. "The Role of Male Vocal Signals During Male-Male Competition and Female Mate Choice in Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365786099.
33
Williams, Gerard. "Men and Friendship: An Exploration of Male Perceptions of Same-sex Friendships." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1996.
Abstract:
Differences between female and male same-sex friendships have been the subject of numerous studies. Additionally, male same-sex friendships have been studied independent of the differences related to female same-sex friendships. Despite these studies, a comprehensive, agreed on definition of male friendship remains unclear or ill-defined. The manner in which men perceive, express and experience same-sex friendships can be viewed as learned behaviors based on gender schema and sex typing. Men’s friendships, as viewed through the gender schema theory, are shaped through the association of gender based male identity and male behaviors. This phenomenological study investigated male perceptions of same-sex male friendships. The broad research question for my study was how do men experience friendship? Through interviews with eight men, data were collected, analyzed by each case that produced a total of 52 themes for all participants, and then a cross-case analysis produced nine super-ordinate themes. The resultant super-ordinate themes were the basis for responding to the main research question and five specific research questions. Findings from my study allowed for the identification of specific components important to the participants regarding their friendships. A second finding was related to social expectations of participants’ friendships. Implications of my study revealed that although men are generally assumed resistant to counseling, they look upon counseling favorably. For counselors and counselor educators, a better understanding of the way men experience friendship could ultimately be a resource for better practice in the way men are attracted to and perceive the counseling practice.
34
Yamashita, Kyoko, and Emma Stenson. "Sexually Objectified Male Portrayals in Fashion Advertisements : Swedish Male Adults Perspectives and Attitudes towards the male portrayals and its Effects on Brand Image." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22007.
Abstract:
Background: For decades, gender representation in advertising has occupied the attention of researchers, where especially advertising that depicts women sexually has been well examined. However, relatively few research works have investigated the sexualization and objectification of men in advertising, although it is starting to change. Research Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze Swedish male's perspectives of male representations in fashion advertising, specifically, sexualized, and objectified male representations and its effects on brand image. Methodology: For this study, a qualitative research method with a deductive approach was applied. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, using a topic guide based on the proposed analytical framework by Edell & Burke. 17 stimulus in the form of advertisements were chosen from internationally well-known brands as well as Swedish brands within the time frame of the last ten years, from 2013-2019. 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Swedish male adults between the ages of 25-57 were conducted. Findings: The findings, in relation to RQ1, showed that the aspects emphasized by Swedish male adults in discussing sexually objectifying images of men in advertising are: “lack of reality”, “body focus and lack of purpose”, “lack of new-thinking” and “lack of inclusion and self-identity with brands”. The findings, in relation to RQ2 showed that the men’s negative feelings, judgements, beliefs and attitudes about and towards most of the brands and advertisements resulted in a negative or ambivalent brand image. An exception to this was the men’s positive feelings, judgements, beliefs and attitudes towards the American Eagle and Dressman which resulted in mostly a positive brand image. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this thesis confirms firstly that the aspects emphasized by Swedish male adults in discussing sexually objectifying images of men in advertising are: “lack of of reality”, “body focus and lack of purpose”, “lack of new thinking” and “lack of inclusion and self-identity with brands”. Secondly, Swedish men’s attitudes towards sexually and objectified males in fashion advertisements resulted in a positive, negative, or alternatively, an ambivalent brand image being created, depending on the context the brand image was analyzed from. Theoretical Contributions: This thesis contributes in several ways theoretically to literature on the topic of advertising, gender stereotyping and sexualizatiom in relation to the advertising of males. Firstly, it highlights a modern phenomena which has been overlooked in previous research. Secondly, it contributes to new areas of consumer attitudes, in this case Swedish male adults, which has not previously been thoroughly investigated. Lastly, this thesis contributes with updated, descriptive as well as specific information on the phenomena and ultimately creating and generating a better understanding of the phenomena: sexualized and objectified men in fashion advertising and the effects it has on brand image.
35
Lam, Ka-yee Carrie, and 林嘉宜. "The representation of male and sexism in male beauty contest discourse in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193556.
Abstract:
Despite the huge public attention received by the male beauty contest discourse in Hong Kong as reflected in extensive local media coverage, studies on the discourse are rare. Concerning the limited literature in the male gender studies, this dissertation addressed the issue and examined the representation of and sexism against male in male beauty contest discourse in Hong Kong. Two latest publicized major male beauty contests in Hong Kong (TVB Mr. Hong Kong Contest 2011 and ATV Mr. Asia Contest 2012) were analyzed using frameworks of ‘dialectical-relational approach’ to Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2009), the experiential metafunction of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday & Christian, 2004) and a combination of sexist characteristics suggested by influential theories such as Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). This study integrated findings across analyses of the contests in terms of their linguistics and multi-modal texts as well as culture of context. The findings showed that representations of men portrayed were seen to be degrading men. There was also clear evidence of sexism against male realized through language and visual aspects. It was concluded that the representations and sexist elements were possibly generated from the competitive rivalry between the two broadcasting companies and the change in public perception on gender characteristics. It also suggested that stricter regulating guidelines are needed to secure the professional ethics in media production in Hong Kong. This study grounded future research on the application of SFL framework as a useful quantitative analytical tool to supplement qualitative research in gender studies in media discourse.published_or_final_version
Applied English Studies
Master
Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
36
Bliss, Edward Robert Clegg. "The pelvic ganglion of male and female rats in developing male and female rats." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267914.
37
Wolfe, Christy D. "Male coercive sexual behavior as a function of male resource-potential and respondent gender." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1109100-190644/unrestricted/Thesis2.pdf.
38
Wolfe, Christy D. "Male Coercive Sexual Behavior as a Function of Male Resource-Potential and Respondent Gender." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/25.
Abstract:
The present study examined whether the resource-potential (RP) of a male dater (i.e., potential financial success and status) and/or respondent gender related to attitudes toward coercive sexual behavior by the male. Participants (59 males and 82 females) read a hypothetical dating scenario in which a heterosexual couple went out for dinner and then returned to the female’s apartment to watch a movie. The RP of the male dater was set at high and low. Following the scenario, rating scales posing increasing levels of coercive sexual behavior (a sexual advance, verbal persuasion, and physical coercion) were presented. The participants rated the likelihood and acceptability of each behavior on a 7-point scale. A 2 (respondent gender) x 2 (high or low RP) between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed on the six dependent variables (DVs): the likelihood of the three coercive behaviors and the acceptability of the three coercive behaviors. The combined DVs were significantly affected for respondent gender and RP but not by their interaction. Univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed on each DV. Significant differences were found between males and females on all DVs except the acceptability of a sexual advance. Significant differences were also found between the high RP scenario respondents and the low RP respondents for the likelihood of a sexual advance and the likelihood of verbal persuasion. For exploratory purposes, univariate analyses were performed and an interaction was found between respondent gender and RP for the acceptability of verbal persuasion and the acceptability of physical coercion. While all hypotheses were not fully supported, overall the present study yielded very promising results. First, additional support was given to the coercive sexual behavior literature by the finding that females find coercive sexual behaviors more likely while males find them more acceptable. Secondly, social equity theory was supported by the finding that high RP scenario respondents found the coercive sexual behaviors more likely than the low RP scenario respondents did. Finally, the finding that females were more accepting of coercive sexual behaviors from a male with high RP than from a male with low RP offers support to the mating strategy assertions of sociobiological theory.
39
Clare, Jillian. "Becoming Leaders : An Investigation Into Women's Leadership In Male-Defined And Male-Dominated Professions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15947/1/Jiillian_Clare_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis examines how women perform as leaders within male-dominated professions, including law, business, politics, the military, and the academy. In studying women's performances in terms of the corporeal and spectacular, the investigation seeks to understand how particular women enact leadership through their materiality within specific times and places. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's (1988) theorising of the processes of 'becoming', woman-as-leader is studied as an entity that passes from one incomplete and multiple assemblage to another, rather than as a singular 'developing' identity.
The research is located within and between the paradoxes that complicate the performances of leadership for women. One key paradox serving as a rationale for this investigation is that, while 'equity' has become a truism of contemporary leadership, it is clear from formal reports (for example, the 2002 Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency (EOWA) report), that many women continue to be marginalised and under-represented as leaders and senior managers. Moreover, those few women who have achieved success often acknowledge themselves as both legitimately and differently - and sometimes awkwardly, located as leaders in the everyday enactments of their work.
The investigation of leadership within and between such paradoxes is problematic for a neo-liberal order of thinking, and even for socially critical theory, because of the assumptions that modernist literature makes about women's struggle for political legitimacy (ie, a narrative of progress, emancipation, and/or linear cumulative historical development). It is for this reason that the conceptual tools used in this study are drawn from post-feminist and post-structuralist theory. Such theorising refuses literal categories in favour of 'ironic categories' (Rorty, 1989) where two apparently oppositional ideas are understood to be both necessary and true.
To explore women 'becoming' leaders (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988), 'woman-as-leader' is interrogated using Jean François Lyotard's (1984) notion of 'performativity,' Mary Russo's (1994) theorising of the embodied spectacle of 'the female grotesque', and Richard Rorty (1989) and Donna Haraway's (1991) insistence on partiality, doubt, and the importance of 'undoing' the fixity of modernist categories - in this instance, for women. One ironic category of importance to the study is Haraway's theorising of a 'cyborgian identity', a technological assemblage that is part-human/part-machine. This allows acknowledgement that women leaders inhabit realms beyond the boundaries imposed by the same/difference, human/machine, present/past, and real/virtue binaries.
Using these tools, the performances of a number of women leaders is examined in an empirical study that focuses on a few individual women located in male-defined and male dominated settings. The empirical work has two key components. First, it provides a reading of three moments in time where a female individual dys-appears (Leder, 1990) in the public gaze, erupting as a unique spectacle in spaces that are both enabling and constraining. It foregrounds the unique complexities of three public performances in which women made a spectacle of themselves, while the analysis refuses to either celebrate the individuals involved, or to bemoan the conditions under which they did so. The analysis demonstrates the value of re-thinking leadership in terms of its complexity for the female as embodied public 'performer'.
It then moves on to focus specifically on the (embodied, spectacular) tactics being deployed by women leaders in contemporary professional work. This analysis is located in the professions of law, business, politics, the military, and the academy. The data-as-evidence emerging from the analysis show women leaders to be both and neither enacting and troubling 'proper' (ie, traditional and/or known) leadership conventions. The analysis provides a reading of how, through certain tactical shifts, women work to 'de-territorialise' both the 'forms of content' and 'forms of expression' (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988) constituting leadership performances.
It makes visible the tactical assemblages these women deploy, and the ways in which such tactics separate, combine, and compound the same/difference, equality/inequality, either/or binaries. The specific tactical manoeuvres for achieving legitimacy in the public gaze cluster around four identifiable ironic categories: (i) legitimate cross-dressing (ii) assertive defence (iii) proper blasphemy, and (iv) humanly-machinic.
When taken together, the two components of the empirical study compel a re-theorising of 'woman-as-leader' as both insider and outsider, an entity engaging in the on-going work of diss-assembling and re-assembling a leaderly self. Woman is shown 'to be not one, not multiple, but multiplicities', simultaneously (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988). This re-theorising provides a more nuanced account of women leaders working to maintain legitimacy, credibility, and propriety as leaders than mainstream theorising of leadership and management currently allows.
40
Clare, Jillian. "Becoming Leaders : An Investigation Into Women's Leadership In Male-Defined And Male-Dominated Professions." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15947/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines how women perform as leaders within male-dominated professions, including law, business, politics, the military, and the academy. In studying women's performances in terms of the corporeal and spectacular, the investigation seeks to understand how particular women enact leadership through their materiality within specific times and places. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's (1988) theorising of the processes of 'becoming', woman-as-leader is studied as an entity that passes from one incomplete and multiple assemblage to another, rather than as a singular 'developing' identity. The research is located within and between the paradoxes that complicate the performances of leadership for women. One key paradox serving as a rationale for this investigation is that, while 'equity' has become a truism of contemporary leadership, it is clear from formal reports (for example, the 2002 Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency (EOWA) report), that many women continue to be marginalised and under-represented as leaders and senior managers. Moreover, those few women who have achieved success often acknowledge themselves as both legitimately and differently - and sometimes awkwardly, located as leaders in the everyday enactments of their work. The investigation of leadership within and between such paradoxes is problematic for a neo-liberal order of thinking, and even for socially critical theory, because of the assumptions that modernist literature makes about women's struggle for political legitimacy (ie, a narrative of progress, emancipation, and/or linear cumulative historical development). It is for this reason that the conceptual tools used in this study are drawn from post-feminist and post-structuralist theory. Such theorising refuses literal categories in favour of 'ironic categories' (Rorty, 1989) where two apparently oppositional ideas are understood to be both necessary and true. To explore women 'becoming' leaders (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988), 'woman-as-leader' is interrogated using Jean François Lyotard's (1984) notion of 'performativity,' Mary Russo's (1994) theorising of the embodied spectacle of 'the female grotesque', and Richard Rorty (1989) and Donna Haraway's (1991) insistence on partiality, doubt, and the importance of 'undoing' the fixity of modernist categories - in this instance, for women. One ironic category of importance to the study is Haraway's theorising of a 'cyborgian identity', a technological assemblage that is part-human/part-machine. This allows acknowledgement that women leaders inhabit realms beyond the boundaries imposed by the same/difference, human/machine, present/past, and real/virtue binaries. Using these tools, the performances of a number of women leaders is examined in an empirical study that focuses on a few individual women located in male-defined and male dominated settings. The empirical work has two key components. First, it provides a reading of three moments in time where a female individual dys-appears (Leder, 1990) in the public gaze, erupting as a unique spectacle in spaces that are both enabling and constraining. It foregrounds the unique complexities of three public performances in which women made a spectacle of themselves, while the analysis refuses to either celebrate the individuals involved, or to bemoan the conditions under which they did so. The analysis demonstrates the value of re-thinking leadership in terms of its complexity for the female as embodied public 'performer'. It then moves on to focus specifically on the (embodied, spectacular) tactics being deployed by women leaders in contemporary professional work. This analysis is located in the professions of law, business, politics, the military, and the academy. The data-as-evidence emerging from the analysis show women leaders to be both and neither enacting and troubling 'proper' (ie, traditional and/or known) leadership conventions. The analysis provides a reading of how, through certain tactical shifts, women work to 'de-territorialise' both the 'forms of content' and 'forms of expression' (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988) constituting leadership performances. It makes visible the tactical assemblages these women deploy, and the ways in which such tactics separate, combine, and compound the same/difference, equality/inequality, either/or binaries. The specific tactical manoeuvres for achieving legitimacy in the public gaze cluster around four identifiable ironic categories: (i) legitimate cross-dressing (ii) assertive defence (iii) proper blasphemy, and (iv) humanly-machinic. When taken together, the two components of the empirical study compel a re-theorising of 'woman-as-leader' as both insider and outsider, an entity engaging in the on-going work of diss-assembling and re-assembling a leaderly self. Woman is shown 'to be not one, not multiple, but multiplicities', simultaneously (Deleuze & Guattari, 1988). This re-theorising provides a more nuanced account of women leaders working to maintain legitimacy, credibility, and propriety as leaders than mainstream theorising of leadership and management currently allows.
41
Isden, Jessica Rose. "Why can't all males be attractive? : inter-individual variation in male spotted bowerbird display." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15067.
Abstract:
One of the greatest conundrums facing evolutionary biologists is how variation between individuals is maintained in situations where there is expected to be strong directional selection on an elaborate male trait. Sexual selection via female choice leads to the evolution of elaborate male traits, and consensus among females in their mate choice decisions can result in high reproductive skew. Such strong directional selection pressure may be expected to reduce genetic variation over time, yet high levels of inter-individual variation sustain such preferences. In this thesis I explored potential mechanisms that may maintain variation between individuals in one of the most unusual and exaggerated avian male traits; the bowers displayed by male spotted bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus maculatus. Choosy females exert strong selection pressure on males, yet males vary widely in their ability to exhibit a high quality display. My results showed that male bower owners were remarkably consistent in their display of decorations, a trait expected to experience a high level of fluctuation due to variation in the ecological and social environment. Given the range of factors that may introduce inconsistency, my results suggest that males actively maintain consistent displays, although I found no evidence for the adaptive benefits of doing so. I then explored three mechanisms that may be expected to maintain variation in bowerbird display. I found that attending the bower imposed physical costs on males, but these costs were only apparent in seasons of environmental stress. Males varied in their cognitive and problem-solving abilities, but I found no impact of higher cognitive performance on a male’s reproductive fitness. The final mechanism I tested was the impact of the social environment on male mating success. I found that males actively engage in marauding, a form of intrasexual competition targeting the bowers of rival males. Marauding was highly targeted and non-random within the population, and predominantly occurred between neighbouring bower owners. However, I was unable to determine what factors predicted these non-random interactions, and found no impact of the marauding rates experienced on male mating success. In the final part of this study, I looked at the novel occurrence of collaborative display between male bower owners and other non-bower-owning males. I found that these auxiliary males may gain delayed benefits from attending the bowers of experienced males, but was unable to determine what impact contributions from auxiliaries had on bower owning males and females attempting to assess them. I conclude by discussing the implications of my results for models of sexual selection.
42
Derrick, Lamandren A. S. "Exploring Mentoring Relationships Between African American High School Males And African American Male Principals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245425360.
43
Hair, W. Morton. "Studies in male hormonal contraception." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24662.
Abstract:
To date androgens remain a central part of any hormonal contraceptive for men although understanding the heterogeneity of the suppression response within populations may require consideration of less orthodox hormonal regulatory systems. Development of minimally invasive, long acting androgen formulations is also necessary to provide an acceptable, convenient and reliable form of androgen delivery which men themselves can administer. Experimental studies in animals have established prolactin as a progonadal hormone in the testis and accessory glands. To explore the role of prolactin in men we investigated the localization and functional activation of the prolactin receptor in the human testis and accessory tissues by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and activation of the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription and Mitogen Activated Protein kinase and Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase signalling pathways. Expression of prolactin receptor was localized to the Leydig cells and differentiating cells of the testis, the epithelium of vas deferens, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles. Functional activation of prolactin receptor was demonstrated in fresh samples of vas deferens. The second study investigated whether concomitant suppression of PRL with the dopamine receptor agonist quinagolide (Q), would enhance the efficacy of testosterone (T) as a contraceptive in men. Volunteers were treated orally with Q, to chronically suppress PRL secretion. A high and an intermediate dose of T was selected to establish whether PRL inhibition would allow use of a lower dose of androgen to induce azoospermia in men. Q did not seem to confer additional efficacy but difficulties in chronic suppression of PRL precludes definitive assessment. The final study describes a clinical trial employing a subject administered, non-invasive hormonal contraceptive regime. Men received transdermal T patches and the synthetic progestagen desogestrel orally in a down ward dose finding study. Transdermal T was less effective than injectable androgen formulations and the minimally effective dose of DSG is 150 mg/day.
44
Ullman-Petrash, Linda M. "Female and male, transcending dichotomy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54815.pdf.
45
Forrester, Deanna L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Evolutionary models for male androphilia." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2631.
Abstract:
Androphilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult males, whereas gynephilia
refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult females. Prehistoric artifacts such as art
and pottery indicate that male-male same sex behaviour has existed for millennia.
Bearing this in mind, and considering that male androphilia has a genetic component yet
androphilic males reproduce at a fraction of the rate than do gynephilic males, how the
genes for male androphilia have been maintained in the population presents an
evolutionary puzzle. This thesis tests two hypotheses that attempt to address this
Darwinian paradox. Chapter one reviews the current literature on the kin selection
hypothesis and the sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis. In addition, rationales for
testing these hypotheses in Canada are provided. Chapter two tests the kin selection
hypothesis for male androphilia within a Canadian population. Results and implications
are discussed. Chapter three tests the sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis within a
Canadian population. Results and implications are discussed. Chapter four summarizes
the results of the two studies and discusses how these findings may be interpreted from
an evolutionary perspective. The impacts of gene-environment interaction on the
functional behavioral expression of traits are emphasized.viii, 113 leaves ; 29 cm
46
O'Mahony, Orla Ann. "Angiotensin II in male reproduction." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368852.
47
Harris, Tanya Penina. "Genetic analysis of male infertility." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6545.
Abstract:
Approximately one in twenty men has impaired spermatogenesis due to mutation of genes involved in the establishment or maintenance of fertility. Our understanding of male infertility is complicated by the variable phenotypes produced by similar genetic changes, largely due to the practise of screening a single fertility gene in isolation.
This thesis aimed to increase our understanding of the role of synergistic mutations in relation to differences in semen quality. Each sample was analysed for mutation in: CAG trinucleotide repeat variation in the X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, micro deletion within the three Y chromosome azoospermic factor (AZF) regions, and CAG trinucleotide repeat variation and exonuclease domain mutation in the nuclear polymerase gamma (POLγ gene. These genes have been associated with reduced semen quality in past research.
Each gene region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing. Suspected AZF micro-deletions were confirmed by Southern blot hybridisation. Associations with semen quality were evaluated using either a t-test or Gtest for independence at α=0.05.
Yq AZF micro-deletions were observed in 6.6% (14/211) of men with poor semen quality but not in normozoospermic samples (0/104); P<0.001). Micro-deletion frequency was greatest in azoospermic and severely oligoasthenozoospermic individuals (15% and 11.5%, respectively).
AR CAG repeat length ranged from 9-38 CAG repeats in the normozoospermic population (n=98) and 13-31 CAG repeats in men with poor semen quality (n= 119). Variation in AR CAG trinucleotide repeat number was not significantly related to poor semen quality (P>0.05).
Variation in POLγ CAG repeat number was not significantly different between normozoospermic men (n=93) and men with poor semen quality (n= 182); P>0.05. No nucleotide changes were observed in any of the three POLγ exonuclease motifs (n=83 normozoospermic and 191 non-normozoospermic motif, 61 and 65 motif II, and 60 and 64 motif III).
Although most gene regions did not show an association with poor semen quality on their own, there was a general trend towards greater severity of impaired spermatogenesis with the presence of both Yq micro-deletion and mitochondrial DNA substitutions or moderately expanded AR CAG repeats. These results support the idea that male infertility is a complex process, due to many factors, some of which act dominantly and others act in concert.
48
Ahmad, Farhan. "Male immigrants’ fertility in Spain." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64880.
Abstract:
Declining fertility in developed countries along with rising number of immigrants and different fertility behavior exhibited by the immigrants make the immigrants’ fertility an interesting topic in field of demography. However most of the studies on immigrants’ fertility consider the female immigrants as their subject on the assumption that they represent the immigrants’ fertility. This study took another perspective and tries to study male immigrants’ fertility. Spanish Immigrants’ Survey 2007 was used to see how the different migration related factors affect the male immigrants’ fertility. Poisson regression was applied on a sample of 3797 childless males who are 16 or older. This study found tentative support to selection hypothesis but no clear support to adaptation hypothesis on male fertility behaviors. There exist differences in the fertility between male immigrants from different regions. Effect of education, number of parent’s siblings and mother language on male immigrants’ fertility was also analyzed.
49
Van, Eschen John. "The female/male earnings differential." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9885.
50
Lunn, Sarah. "Female menopause : a male perspective." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3651/.
Abstract:
Despite recent research into female menopause from the woman's perspective, men's views on this subject have received minimal attention. The few exceptions have been marred by the use of a female research paradigm where the variables under study have been derived from assumptions rather than empirical means. This qualitative study aims to explore the male perspective on this 'woman's issue' using grounded theory analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight men, all of whom were in a relationship with a woman aged between 45 and 55 years. Men's accounts reflected two conflicting yet simultaneously held perspectives. The dominant theme, 'Journey through a taboo', conceptualized a hazardous journey for both women and men, where both were pulled into unknown territory and suffered losses along the way. The indignities of these losses and the association of menopause with sex created the status of taboo. An etiquette was described that restricted discussion, thus protecting the reputation of both sexes, and contributed towards a male 'ignorance'. By contrast, 'The alternative journey' presented a more positive vision where the experience was less arduous, challenges were laudably met and benefits were available to both parties. Despite an enduring taboo, men sought to overcome barriers inhibiting knowledge and dialogue. A future society, less constrained by the taboo, was envisaged. The ways in which these accounts reflect ongoing (often derogatory) social discourses are discussed. The implications of these findings are explored in relation to the psychological well-being of both women and men.