Journal articles on the topic 'Male suicide'
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1
Sorjonen, Kimmo. "For Whom is Suicide Accepted: The Dependency Effect." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 2 (March 2003): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttyd-hj3g-hpy0-t9lu.
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Research has found that people accept some suicides more than others. The present study examined whether attitudes toward a person's suicide are affected by the suicide's gender or marital status, and whether the suicide is a parent or childless. Respondents read one of eight fictitious suicide case stories, in which the above-mentioned variables were manipulated, and then completed the Suicide Attitudes and Attribution Scale (SAAS). It was found that female and male respondents differed in their attitudes toward a person's suicidal behavior to some degree. A parent's suicide was viewed more negatively than a suicide by a childless person. A tendency for respondents to express more respect for a suicide of their own gender was also detected. It is discussed whether differences in acceptance of suicide can be associated with actual suicide rates.
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Bird, Sheila M. "Changes in male suicides in Scottish prisons: 10-year study." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 6 (June 2008): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038679.
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BackgroundIn 1999 I estimated the expected number of UK prison suicides, taking into account that opioid users' deaths from suicide were 10 times the number expected for their age and gender. Changes have since taken place in Scottish prisons.AimsTo estimate the expected number of male suicides in Scottish prisons in 1994–2003, having taken age and opioid dependency into account; and to consider the extremes of prisoner age.MethodThe effective number that prisons safeguard in terms of suicide risk was approximated as 10 times the number of opioid-dependent inmates plus other inmates. By applying age-appropriate suicide rates for Scottish males to these effective numbers, expectations for male suicides in Scottish prisons were calculated.ResultsIn 1994-98, there were at least 57 male suicides, significantly exceeding the age- and opioid-adjusted expectation of 41. In 1999–2003, the 51 male suicides in prison were consistent with expectation (upper 95% limit: at least 54). During the decade 1994–2003, observed and expected suicides were mismatched at both extremes of age: 40 males aged 15-24 years died by suicidev.24 expected, and 13 males aged 45+ v. 2 expected. Against 4.5 prison suicides expected for males aged 15-24 years during a 2-year period, actual suicides were 3 in 2002 + 2003 and 4 in 2004 + 2005.ConclusionsScotland has redressed an excess of male suicides, especially by its youngest prisoners.
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Nikolic, Slobodan, Vladimir Zivkovic, and Fehim Jukovic. "Unplanned complex suicide: Two case reports." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006371n.
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Introduction The term complex suicide refers to suicides in which multiple suicidal methods are utilized, as opposed to simple suicide successfully done after one attempt. In planned complex suicides two or more methods are employed simultaneously in order to make sure that death will occur after failure of previous attempt. In unplanned complex suicides, several other methods of suicide tried after the first chosen method either failed or was too painful. Outline of Cases We report two cases of unplanned complex suicides. The first case was a female who first tried to commit suicide by cutting the wrists, and then hanged herself. In the other case, a male first tried to commit suicide by stubbing his chest with a knife, and then jumped into a well and drowned himself. In both reported cases the second, successful suicidal method was of higher lethality score. Conclusion From the forensic point of view, the presence of several injuries of different origin strongly suggests infliction by other person. The event could be reconstructed, based on autopsy findings and traces found at the scene. .
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Paravaya, O. "Gender differences of suicidal behavior in belarus: Epidemiology." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73337-5.
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IntroductionIn Western Europe male die much more often by means of suicide than do females, although females attempt suicide more often. This pattern has been found in Belarus with some peculiarities.Object of studyMen and women under 18, who committed a suicide or made a suicide attempt.Aim of the studyTo investigate peculiarities of suicides and parasuicides among men and women in Belarus in order to reveal target group for suicide prevention.MethodsWe used the Suicide database of the Ministry of Health for epidemiological analyze.ResultsThe study is still being carried out. The male to female suicide ratio is 5:1 in 2008 year. Prevalence of suicides hasn’t changed a lot in women during last 20 years. It rapidly grew among men in the beginning of 90ies with the peak in 2000 year. Then it started to decrease slowly with the rate of 48,5 in 2008 year. Prevalence of suicides is 2.5 time higher in countryside in comparing with cities. Men have higher suicide rate in age from 40 to 60 and after 70 years old, women -after 70 years old. Data on parasuicides have been collecting centrally since 2007. Prevalence of parasuicides was 80 per 100 000 of population and male: female ratio was 1:1 in 2009.ConclusionMen show a big influence of socio-economical state on suicidal behavior. Risk factors have different power in cities and in countryside. Main group for suicide prevention is 40–60 years old men in countryside with alcohol dependence.
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Oliffe, John L., Alex Broom, Mary T. Kelly, Joan L. Bottorff, Genevieve M. Creighton, and Olivier Ferlatte. "Men on Losing a Male to Suicide: A Gender Analysis." Qualitative Health Research 28, no. 9 (April 21, 2018): 1383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318769600.
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Although male suicide has received research attention, the gendered experiences of men bereaved by male suicide are poorly understood. Addressing this knowledge gap, we share findings drawn from a photovoice study of Canadian-based men who had lost a male friend, partner, or family member to suicide. Two categories depicting the men’s overall account of the suicide were inductively derived: (a) unforeseen suicide and (b) rationalized suicide. The “unforeseen suicides” referred to deaths that occurred without warning wherein participants spoke to tensions between having no idea that the deceased was at risk while reflecting on what they might have done to prevent the suicide. In contrast, “rationalized suicides” detailed an array of preexisting risk factors including mental illness and/or substance overuse to discuss cause–effect scenarios. Commonalities in unforeseen and rationalized suicides are discussed in the overarching theme, “managing emotions” whereby participants distanced themselves, but also drew meaning from the suicide.
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Cibis, A., A. Bramesfeld, R. Mergl, D. Althaus, G. Niklewski, A. Schmidtke, and U. Hegerl. "Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicide Methods and Their Relation to Suicide Rates." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71020-x.
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Aims:For developing suicide prevention interventions, epidemiologic, socio-economic and demographic factors influencing suicide rates are of high interest. One considerable factor in this respect is gender, as in most countries male suicide rates are much higher than female suicide rates with a global average male/female ratio of 3.6:1. The present study seeks to contribute to the clarification of the question what underlies the different suicide rates of men and women by analyzing gender-specific lethality of suicide methods.Method:Data on completed (fatal) and attempted (non-fatal) suicides from 2000 to 2004 were collected in two cities in the region of Bavaria, Germany. This data sample offers the opportunity to compare data of suicidal acts including completed as well as attempted suicides of the same region during the same time. The lethality for each suicide method was estimated by dividing the number of fatal episodes by the total episodes and then related to gender and age.Results:Lethality per method was higher for men than for women; significant differences could be shown for the majority of methods. Regarding age, lethality rising with age could be shown. Still, in higher age groups, differences in lethality between men and women were significant.Conclusion:Results stress the importance of gender-specific suicide prevention. Male-specific suicide-prevention should be concerned with improving access to and treatment of men under risk for suicidal behaviour. Addressing the problem through multifaceted programs therefore is a promising approach.
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Yamasaki, Akiko, Masanobu Chinami, Masao Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Daisuke Fujita, and Taro Shirakawa. "Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Relationships with Suicide in Switzerland." Psychological Reports 97, no. 1 (August 2005): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.213-216.
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Previous research has shown an empirical link between tobacco and alcohol use and suicide. If tobacco and alcohol use contribute to suicidal behaviors, then policies designed to reduce the tobacco and alcohol consumption may succeed in reducing suicides as well. To test this hypothesis, correlations for suicide rates with alcohol consumption, taxes on alcohol and tobacco in Switzerland were examined using sets of time-series data from Switzerland in 1965–1994. The tax on tobacco correlated significantly negatively with male standardized suicide rate. The tax on alcohol also correlated significantly with male standardized suicide rate in an autoregressive model. On the other hand, significant relationships with female suicide rate were not found. Policies designed to reduce tobacco consumption are consistent with a benefit of reducing suicides, particularly for men in this sample.
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Bélteczki, Z., J. Újvári, and Z. Rihmer. "Estimation of future suicide risk in psychiatric inpatiens with 6-item questionnaire." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.337.
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Introduction Estimation of suicide risk is difficult task, and the clinical utility of different suicide risk scales is far from ideal. Objectives Previously we developed a 6-item clinician rated (yes/no) questionnaire (score range:0-28) that is able to detect current and past suicide risk with high sensitivity and specificity among acutely admitted psychiatric inpatients (Rihmer et al, 2017). Methods The 151 (75 suicidal and 76 non-suicidial) psychiatric inpatients, admitted between 1 November 2016 and 31 March 2017 were followed till 31 August 2021. Cases of completed suicides and suicide attempters receiving medical attention were recorded. Results During the 53-month follow-up 3 patients (2%) completed suicide (a 46 year old male with bipolar II disorder, a 57 year old female with schizoaffective disorder, a 55 year old male with schizoaffective disorder). Both of them were at baseline among the 75 suicidal inpatients and belonged to the group of “Marked suicide risk” (range:16-28 points) and scored 28,26 and 25 points, respectively. Suicide attempts have been made by 6 patients, all of them belonged to initially “Marked suicide risk” group (one initially non-suicidal, 16 points; 5 initially suicidal 22,26,26,26 and 28 points, respectively). 141 from the 151 patients received regular personal and/or on-line psychiatric care (including patients who died by suicide). Conclusions Despite the small number of suicidal cases, our results suggest that this short, simple questionnaire might be helpful not only in detecting current and past suicidality, but also predicting future risk among discharged psyciatric inpatients. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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L. BEAUTRAIS, ANNETTE. "Suicides and serious suicide attempts: two populations or one?" Psychological Medicine 31, no. 5 (July 2001): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003889.
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Background. Few studies have examined the extent to which populations of suicides and attempted suicides are similar, or different. This paper compares suicides and serious suicide attempts in terms of known risk factors for suicidal behaviour.Methods. Using case–control methodology, risk factors for suicidal behaviour were examined in 202 individuals who died by suicide, 275 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and 984 randomly selected control subjects. Based on data from significant others, measures used spanned sociodemographic factors, childhood experiences, psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric history, exposure to recent stressful life events and social interaction.Results. Multiple logistic regression identified the following risk factors that were common to suicide and serious suicide attempts: current mood disorder; previous suicide attempts; prior out-patient psychiatric treatment; admission to psychiatric hospital within the previous year; low income; a lack of formal educational qualifications; exposure to recent stressful interpersonal, legal and work-related life events. Suicides and suicide attempts were distinguished in the following ways: suicides were more likely to be male (OR = 1·9, 95% CI 1·1, 3·2); older (OR = 1·03, 95% CI 1·02, 1·04); and to have a current diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (OR = 8·5, 95% CI 2·0, 35·9). Suicide attempts were more likely than suicides to have a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR = 3·5, 95% CI 1·6, 7·8) and to be socially isolated (OR = 2·0, 95% CI 1·2, 3·5). These findings were confirmed by discriminant function analysis, which identified two functions that described the three subject groups: the first function discriminated the two suicide groups from control subjects on a dimension corresponding to risk factors for suicide; the second function discriminated suicide from suicide attempt subjects on a series of factors including gender, non-affective psychosis and anxiety disorder.Conclusions. Suicides and medically serious suicide attempts are two overlapping populations that share common psychiatric diagnostic and history features, but are distinguished by gender and patterning of psychiatric disorder.
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Gonzaga, A., G. Medina Ojeda, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. Queipo De Llano De La Viuda, and G. Guerra Valera. "Suicide in the medical community." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2184.
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Introduction Like in the general population, in the medical community the most common mental disorders reported are depression and anxiety. Suicide risk was increased, especially in medical-related professions. Objectives To evaluate male and female psysician suicide risk. Methods Review all studies involving suicides, suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in health-care workers published in the last five years. Results Suicide decreased over time, especially in Europe. Some specialties might be at higher risk such as psychiatrists, general surgeons and anesthesiologists. Conclusions Psysicians are an at-risk profession of suicide, with women particularly at risk. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Page, Andrew N., and Lyn J. Fragar. "Suicide in Australian Farming, 1988–1997." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00975.x.
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Objectives: To identify and describe suicide data for occupational classifications relating to farm managers and agricultural labourers for Australia for the period 1988 to 1997, and to relate resultant suicide rates to farmers’ terms of trade. Method: Descriptive and linear regression analysis of aggregated mortality data. Results: In the period 1988 to 1997, 921 suicides were identified. The majority of these suicides were farm managers (67.4%). Farm manager suicides occurred predominantly in older age groups (55 + years). In comparison agricultural labourer suicides were younger, with the majority of suicides occurring in the 15–39 years age group. The most common methods for both groups were firearms (particularly hunting rifles and shot guns), hanging and motor vehicle exhaust gas. These methods accounted for approximately 81% of all male farm suicides. Firearms accounted for 51% of male farm suicide, in comparison to 23% for the wider Australian male population for the same period. Estimated age standardized rates per 100 000 for male farm managers for the 10-year period ranged from 24.8 to 51.4. For male agricultural labourers these rates ranged from 23.5 to 41.9. Analyses also revealed a negative correlation (r = −0.75, p < 0.01) between farm manager suicide rates and farmers’ terms of trade. Conclusion: Male farm manager and agricultural labourer suicide rates are higher than male national rates and rates in the wider rural population, particularly in the later years of the period investigated. Firearms prefigure as the most common method of suicide, despite decreases in this method in the wider rural population. Establishing more accurate denominator data for the farming community is a priority, as is preventative action that accounts for unique aspects of farm life.
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Preti, Antonio, Paola Miotto, and Monica De Coppi. "Season and Suicide." Crisis 21, no. 2 (March 2000): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.21.2.59.
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Seasonal asymmetry in yearly suicide occurrence is a long-observed phenomenon in psychiatric, suicidological, and sociological research, and the effects of seasonal factors on suicidal behavior have been the focus of a number of earlier studies. Taking into account limitations of data and methods, these studies have generally favored interpretations based on psychosocial factors. Recent studies have challenged the widely held notion that seasonal effects on suicide are a unitary phenomenon, not influenced by age, gender, or circumstances of the act. In particular, the seasonal occurrence of suicides has been found to differ significantly between the young and the elderly, and differences have also been found between male and female cycles of occurrence. Suicides using violent methods have been shown to follow clearer seasonal patterns than suicides by less violent methods (such as drug or gas poisoning), possibly reflecting the greater impulsive component involved in the choice of a violent lethal means. In this paper, findings from Italy are used to illustrate the clinical implications of studies into the topic of season and suicide, with the aim of developing more effective preventative strategies.
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Berezantsev, A. Yu, N. G. Batueva, T. Ts Tudupova, and A. V. Masyakin. "Urgent issues of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents (general and regional aspects)." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2301-07.
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The article deals with the issue of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents in the context of the realities of modern society. There has been an increase in juvenile suicides in Russia in recent years, with an overall average decrease in suicide rates. An attempt is made to consider these facts in the context of social and biological aspects affecting the formation of behavioral disorders. The phenomenon of «fragmentary» or «clip» thinking, characteristic of the modern youth subculture, as well as the role of social and neurobiological factors in the formation of suicidal behavior, is discussed. The results of a retrospective analysis of complex posthumous forensic psychological and psychiatric examinations of completed suicides of children and adolescents in the Republic of Buryatia for the period 2012–2016 are presented. It has been found that male teenagers (15–17 years old) who lived in rural areas, were brought up in single-parent families, and studied at a secondary school predominate. In 21.8 % of cases, there was a history of suicide in close relatives and every fifth suicidal child had signs of suicidal behavior earlier (suicidal statements, attempts, interest in the topic of suicide). In most of the studied cases, family conflicts were the probable causes of suicidal behavior. It is concluded that in order to analyze the issue of suicide in children and adolescents, a comprehensive assessment of social, ethno-cultural, and biological factors is necessary.
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Rihmer, Z., W. Rutz, A. Rihmer, X. Gonda, R. Webb, and N. Kapur. "Do Suicidal Females have “Male-type” Depression?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70416-x.
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Recent studies suggest an evidence for a “male depressive syndrome” in patients with major depressive disorder.Because males are markedly overrepresented among suicide victims and the opposite is true for suicide attempters, we investigated the rate and global severity of Gotland Male Depression as measured by the Gotland Male Depression scale in 86 suicide victims (74 males, 12 females), 86 suicide attempters (21 males, 65 females) with current DSM-IV major depressive episode and in 144 normal controls (116 males, 28 females). The rate of Gotland “Male” Depression (total score of 13 or more) was significantly higher in depressed suicide victims (98%) and in depressed suicide attempters (93%) than in normal controls (2%, p=0.00001). Among depressed suicide victims 100% of males and 83% of females have had Gotland “Male” Depression (p=0.02) while the same figures among the depressed suicide attempters were 91% and 94%, respectively (not significant). The total Gotland Male Depression scores were significantly higher in depressive suicide victims (22.26) and depressive suicide attempters (23.23) than in normal controls (4.01, p=0.00001 and p=0.0001, respectively), with significant gender differences only among depressed suicide victims (males: 22.85, females: 18.58, p=0.009) and normal controls (males: 4.33, females: 2.71, p=0.05).However, since male and female depressed inpatients do not show clinically significant difference in their mean total scores on Gotland scale symptoms (11.99 vs 12.04, Möller-Leimkühler et al, 2004), it would be premature to conclude from our present findings that compared to nonsuicidal female depressives, suicidal female depressives have male-type depression profile.
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Yang, Jung Bin, and Hyung Ui Baik. "Mediating Effects of Depression in Perceived Health Status and Suicidal Ideation among Elderly Male Inmates in South Korea." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 12, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2022.6.1.
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This study examined whether depression mediated the relationship between perceived health status and suicidal ideation among elderly male prisoners in South Korea. Male inmates aged 50 years or older in the correctional facilities were surveyed in December 2020; 141 male participants were included in the statistical analysis. The hierarchical regression results showed that suicidal ideation increased with poorer perceived health among elderly male inmates. Further, perceived health status negatively affected depression, while depression positively affected suicidal ideation. Depression had a significant partial mediating effect between perceived health and suicidal ideation. First-time offenders were more vulnerable to suicide risk than repeat offenders. These findings highlight the need for treatment programs and cognitive-behavioral models to identify inmates' psychosocial risk factors, and assess their mental health. Additionally, correctional facility staff should be educated in suicide prevention, and systematic crisis intervention programs should be provided for those who attempt suicide. This study contributes consideration of the Korean context to the literature on the association among perceived health status, depression, and suicidal ideation in elderly male inmates.
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Seager, Martin, and Luke Sullivan. "Reducing male suicide." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 285 (September 2016): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2016.1.285.48.
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Male suicide is a major and longstanding gender inequality that is only now beginning to be recognised. New initiatives for addressing male suicide are described and the importance of this area for psychological research and practice is highlighted.
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Batyrgareieva, Vladyslava S., Alina V. Kalinina, and Andriy M. Babenko. "SUICIDE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH IN UKRAINE (INCLUDING PERIOD OF COVID-19)." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012208.
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The aim: This article aims to analyze the rates of suicide as an indicator of public mental health, to consider the suicidal map of the territory of Ukraine (including to check the manifestation of such a territorial characteristic as the Albanian paradox); calculate the price of suicide for the socio-economic development of the Ukrainian state, consider the risks of suicide that have arisen as social and criminological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The study is based on the analytical materials of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the WHO; the information and analytical data of the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and sectoral statistics for the period of 2015-2019, etc. The article is based on dialectical, analytical, synthetic, comparative, statistical, cartographic, and sociological methods of research and the method of potential demography. The theoretical basis of the article is specialized literature on medicine, suicidology, law, sociology, and cartography. Results: In Ukraine, the death rate from suicide in recent years averages 1.1% of the total number of deaths. The rate of suicide decline in Ukraine has slowed significantly over the past five years, which is an alarming symptom. There are almost strict proportions between male and female suicide (men commit four out of five suicides). The level of self-harm per 100,000 population of Ukraine remains almost stable, indicating a severe demographic crisis in Ukraine. Women in Ukraine are less likely to commit suicide than in European countries. In Ukraine in recent years, contrary to European trends, suicide has dominated among the elderly aged 65+. The number of years of potential life loss for male and female suicides in Ukraine is 103 thousand, and the number of working years is almost 100 thousand. The losses for Ukraine from the unlived life of those who died as a result of suicide in 2019 are almost USD 341 billion. Conclusions: In 2019, suicides accounted for almost 21% of deaths from external causes among Ukraine's population. The most intense suicidal situation is observed in the central part of the country's geographical map along the imaginary vertical axis “North-South” (Kherson, Chernihiv, Cherkasy, Vinnytsia, Zaporizhia, Kirovohrad, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv regions). During the COVID-19 pandemic, many additional factors increase the risk of suicide among individuals who are at heightened risk of suicide or are actively suicidal, and among the general population.
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Simonit, Francesco, Orazio Elia Sciarappa, Fabio Bassan, Carlo Scorretti, Fabiola Giudici, and Lorenzo Desinan. "Complex and complicated suicides in Friuli (1993–2017)." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 1_suppl (January 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420934661.
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Complex suicides involve more than one suicide method. According to the intention of the victim, they are classified as ‘planned’ when the use of more than one suicide technique has been previously devised by the victim and ‘unplanned’ when the first method turns out to be too painful or insufficient to cause death, and the individual then resorts to other means of suicide. Complicated suicide, on the other hand, is a term that was introduced by Töro and Pollak, in which a failed act of suicide is followed by traumatisation, which has a fatal outcome. This type of death must be distinguished from complex suicides. From a sample of 1160 fatalities (837 males) between 1993 and 2017, we identified 20 (1.72%) cases of complex suicide and three (0.26%) cases of complicated suicide. We considered age, sex, psychiatric history, previous suicide attempts, suicide methods and eventual secondary traumatisation. We also compared planned and unplanned complex suicides. The results show a higher number of planned complex suicides (16 vs. 4), a prevalence of males ( n = 17) and adults (median age = 48 years, range 21–74 range). Plastic bag suffocation and gas inhalation ( n = 8) were the most commonly used methods. Firearms ( n = 4) were used exclusively by males in planned complex suicides. Wrist and forearm cuts ( n = 5) were found in four unplanned and one planned complex suicides, and all of the cases with known previous suicidal attempts ( n = 3) involved planned complex suicides. Complicated suicides concerned three male victims in two failed attempts of hanging and an unforeseen carbon monoxide intoxication following a non-fatal gunshot to the mouth, confirming the rarity of these fatalities.
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Heikkinen, Martti E., Erkki T. Isometsä, Mauri J. Marttunen, Hillevi M. Aro, and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Social Factors in Suicide." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 6 (December 1995): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.6.747.
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BackgroundThe study objective was to investigate the age-related variation of social factors in suicide.MethodAge-related variations in marital status, living arrangements, employment and social interaction were investigated in an entire 12-month suicide population in Finland (n = 1067); these findings were compared with appropriate census data.ResultsSeveral social factors varied across age groups among suicides, with some age-related sex differences. Compared with the general population, the suicides were more commonly never married (especially men aged 30–39 years), divorced, and widowed (especially women aged 60–69 years); living alone was more frequent among the suicides, as was living with parents among male suicides aged 25–39 years. A history of psychiatric admission was especially common among young male suicides who had never married or were living with parents. Living alone was particularly frequent among middle-aged male suicides who had misused alcohol.ConclusionsWhile most of the age-related variation in social factors found in suicide seems to parallel the natural variation of these factors in the general population, some social findings in suicide might be related to the victims' psychopathology and excessive alcohol use.
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Sayil, Isik, and Halise Devrimci-Ozguven. "Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Ankara in 1998: Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour." Crisis 23, no. 1 (January 2002): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.23.1.11.
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Summary: Background: The rates and associated basic demographic features of attempted and completed suicides in a catchment area in Turkey were investigated as part of the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study of Suicidal Behaviour. Method: All hospitals in the catchment area were screened in order to identify attempted suicides. Statistics for completed suicides were obtained from the State Institute of Statistics (SIS). Results: The rates of attempted and completed suicides per 100,000 inhabitants over 15 years of age were 31.9 for males and 85.6 for females, and 9.9 for males and 5.6 for females, respectively. The majority of attempted suicides were in the 15-24-year-old age group, as is the case in all other European countries. The majority of completed suicides were also in the 15-24-year-old age group, although in other European centers most completed suicides occur in the 40+ age group. The most frequent methods were overdose for attempted suicide and hanging for completed suicide. The rates of both attempted and completed suicides were lower than those of other participating centers in Europe. Conclusion: Male sex is a risk factor for completed suicide and female sex is a risk factor for attempted suicide, while an age of 15-24 years may be a risk factor for both groups.
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Pritchard, Colin. "Youth Suicide and Gender in Australia and New Zealand Compared with Countries of the Western World 1973–1987." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072096.
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Based upon standardised mortality figures, between 1973–1987, Australian male suicide rose by 39%, and New Zealand male suicide by 53%. In both countries there were even greater increases in male youth suicides (15–24 years), 66% and 127% respectively. The female suicide statistics were more varied with a fall of −24% in Australia, but an increase of 26% in New Zealand. In both countries however, female youth suicide, relative to their general rates, increased. A comparison of youth suicide in the western world demonstrated that Australia and New Zealand were unique as they were the only countries in which male and female youth suicide levels were higher than their average rates.
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Isometsä, Erkki T., and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Suicide attempts preceding completed suicide." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 6 (December 1998): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.6.531.
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BackgroundThis study investigated three questions with major implications for suicide prevention: the sensitivity of the history of previous suicide attempt(s) as an indicator of suicide risk, the time interval from a preceding suicide attempt to the fatal one, and switching of suicide methods by those eventually completing suicide.MethodThe lifetime history of suicide attempts and the methods the victims (n=1397) used were examined in a nationwide psychological autopsy study comprising all suicides in Finland within a 12-month research period in 1987–1988.ResultsOverall, 56% of suicide victims were found to have died at their first suicide attempt, more males (62%) than females (38%). In 19% of males and 39% of females the victim had made a non-fatal attempt during the final year. Of the victims with previous attempts, 82% had used at least two different methods in their suicide attempts (the fatal included).ConclusionsMost male and a substantial proportion of female suicides die in their first suicide attempt, a fact that necessitates early recognition of suicide risk, particularly among males. Recognition of periods of high suicide risk on the grounds of recent non-fatal suicide attempts is likely to be important for suicide prevention among females. Subjects completing suicide commonly switch from one suicide method to another, a finding that weakens but does not negate the credibility of restrictions on the availability of lethal methods as a preventive measure.
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Khan, Anisur Rahman, Kopano Ratele, Najuwa Arendse, Md Zahidul Islam, and Isaac Dery. "Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Jhenaidah District, Bangladesh, 2010–2018." Crisis 41, no. 4 (July 2020): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000631.
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Abstract. Background: Suicide and attempted suicide are a serious but under-explored public health problem in Bangladesh. Survey estimates suggest that Jhenaidah District, one of the 64 districts that make up Bangladesh, is one of the highest suicide-prone regions in Bangladesh. Relatively little is known about the magnitude of suicide attempts in the district. Aims: This article describes the incidence of suicide and suicide attempts for Jhenaidah, Bangladesh for the period 2010–2018. Method: Primary descriptive analysis was performed on routine data collected by a Bangladesh-based nongovernment organization (NGO): Societies for Voluntary Activities (SOVA). Results: A total of 22,675 suicide attempts and 3,152 suicides occurred in the district. The rate of suicide attempts was found to be 136.35/100,000 and the suicide rate was found to be 20.6/100,000 in Jhenaidah. The subdistrict Sadar had the highest incidence of suicide attempt (38.09%) and suicide (33.47%). Poisoning was the most common method of suicide attempt for both males (77.07%) and females (77%). Limitations: Many cases of suicide attempts and suicide are unreported in Bangladesh owing to stigmatization; only reported cases form part of this investigation. Conclusion: Jhenaidah has very high rates of suicide and suicide attempts that surpass the global and Bangladesh averages. Although females demonstrate higher suicide rates, male suicide rates have gradually increased over the study period. Future studies are called for to better understand the local patterns and dynamics of fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviors. Developing a sub-district-, district-, and national-level suicide prevention strategy ought to be considered a priority.
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Yip, Paul S. F., and Ka Y. Liu. "The ecological fallacy and the gender ratio of suicide in China." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 5 (November 2006): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021816.
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SummaryChina is the only country in which the suicide rate is higher among women than men. We provide a demographic perspective on the gender differential in suicide in China. This shows that the male/female ratio of suicide increased between 1991 and 2001 and there is reason to believe this trend will continue. Among the population subgroups, only young women living in rural areas had much higher suicide rates than their male counterparts. It is argued that consideration of the gender ratio of suicide in China must take age-, gender- and region-specific suicide patterns and the population structure into account. The increasing urbanisation of China is likely to be associated with more male suicides and we predict that before long the male suicide rate will overtake that of females.
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Loas, Gwenolé. "Anhedonia and Suicide: A 6.5-Yr. Follow-up Study of Patients Hospitalised for a Suicide Attempt." Psychological Reports 100, no. 1 (February 2007): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.1.183-190.
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This was a prospective follow-up study of suicidal patients to assess the association of anhedonia, depression, and completed suicides. Survival analysis as well as Cox's regression makes it possible to weigh the influence of variables. A cohort of 106 patients (81 women, 25 men, M age = 33 yr., SD=9.9) admitted to medical or surgical departments after a suicide attempt was followed during a 6.5-yr. mean observation period. In total, 6.7% of patients completed suicide. High proportion of male subjects (71.4%) and low anhedonia, assessed on the Physical Anhedonia Scale, decreased survival time of the cohort and characterized subjects who deceased by suicide. These results suggested that the people who completed suicide were characterized by low anhedonia. Further research is needed on people who attempt suicide and present with specific psychiatric diagnoses.
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Edina, Dimény, and Brassai Attila. "Analysis of psycho-sociodemographic features in referred male psychiatric patients with suicidal ideation." Bulletin of Medical Sciences 94, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0003.
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Abstract Suicide is defined by the World Health Organization as an act in which an individual ends his or her own life. Suicidal behavior is a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the global suicide rate is 10,5/100.000 – 13,5/100.000 in case of men and 7,7/100 000 in case of women and is the 2nd most common cause of violent death. Suicide is a multifactorial phenomenon that can be approached from different perspectives. In Romania, this rate is similar to the global rate: in 2016, the estimated suicide rate was 10.4/100,000, well below the European average. Suicide rates vary by region, age group, gender, ethnicity, and registration of mortality statistics. The aim of the present study is to investigate the psycho-socio-demographic indicators of a cohort of patients with suicidal thoughts emergency referred to a particular psychiatric ward in one year. In our research, we performed a case-control, analytical, randomized, observational study at the Clinical Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry Brasov among adult psychiatric patients admitted during 2014. The following data on patients were processed: demographic data (age, gender, place of residence), psychosocial data (social background, marital status, education), chronic somatic comorbidities, family history of psychiatric illness, pre-existing psychiatric illnesses, previous suicide attempts and their characteristics. The risk of suicide was assessed by the Modified Scale for Suicide Ideation - Miller et al. Questionnaire and distinguished 3 categories. In our sample of 77 cases we identified 14 patients with low suicide risk, 17 with moderate risk and 46 with high suicide risk. The focus of our study was on suicidal behavior. Suicide attempt, as a complex clinical problem with a waste complexity of ethiology, has high demands on psychiatric care. Being familiar with the different psycho-socio-demographic profiles by gender is proved to be a useful tool in both “screening” and in subsequent case management. These principles can facilitate decision-making, can increase adherence to treatment, and reduce the risk of repetitive attempts.
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Costa, Tiago, Fernando Passos, and Cristina Queiros. "Suicides of Male Portuguese Police Officers – 10 years of National Data." Crisis 40, no. 5 (September 2019): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000570.
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Abstract. Background: Police officers, as first responders to difficult situations with ready access to firearms, are frequently considered to be at increased suicide risk. Aims: We aimed to calculate the suicide rate for male officers of the Portuguese National Police (PSP) and compare it with the Portuguese general population. Method: Retrospective review of the PSP male officers' suicides between 2005 and 2014 and comparison with the suicide rate for the general Portuguese population, adjusted for sex and age. Results: A total of 39 suicides were identified, with 34 using a firearm – mostly the service one (30 cases). The average truncated (20–59 years) suicide rate for male officers was 20.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI =14.2–27.1). Over the same period, the rate for the general Portuguese population was 13.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI = 13.5–14.3). The standardized rate ratio was 1.5 (95% CI = 0.9–2.4). Limitations: Despite the 10-year period of observation, this is a small sample and there are issues with missing data, such as lack of information for retired or dismissed police officers. Denominators were converted to estimates of person-years observations and we should be mindful of the limitations in the validity of the reported rates. Conclusion: Portuguese male police officers mostly die by suicide using service firearms. The suicide rates among them were not statistically different from those of the sex- and age-adjusted general population. However, given that police officers are healthy workers, we would expect lower rates – thus, similar rates could suggest an increased risk in the study sample.
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Rozanov, V., and T. E. Reytarova. "Core Symposium: Suicide Across Europe. Epidemiology of Completed Suicide in Europe: Main Tendencies and Trends." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70296-2.
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Suicide is well represented in the WHO mortality databases, providing the opportunity to study and discuss how ethno-genetic, cultural, religious, economical and political issues may influence suicide rates in different regions and countries. The problem is that all these factors act together and often with contrasting effect. Suicide rates in Europe vary widely - from about 30 per 100000 of population in Lithuania, Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan to about 1-2 per 100000 in Cyprus, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia and Greece. It is possible to see from the map, that suicide rates diminish when moving from North to South and from East to West. This may be discussed within the so called “Finno-Ugrian hypothesis”. Gender is one of the issues most widely discussed in suicidal behavior. Across Europe males commit suicides 3-5 times more often than females. Dramatic changes in suicide rates on the post-soviet space are associated with male suicides, while female suicides remained almost unchanged. One explaination is a higher susceptibility of males to socio-economic stress while females seem to be more protected. There is a general rule that suicide rates go up with increasing age. In countries like Ukraine, suicide is significantly higher in rural than in urban areas. Other factors influencing suicides are seasonality, alcohol and substance abuse in the given population. Life-stress and its equivalents seem to be very important, as many other conditions (like cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and accidents) have the same pattern as suicide when studying mortality rates across Europe.
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Ross, Victoria, Neil Caton, Sharna Mathieu, Jorgen Gullestrup, and Kairi Kõlves. "Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Program for the Energy Sector." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176418.
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There is evidence indicating that traditionally male-dominated occupations are associated with greater risk of suicide. In Australia, MATES in Construction was developed as an occupational health initiative to prevent suicides in the industry. The program has recently been applied to the energy industry; however, little is known regarding exposure to suicide and suicide prevention interventions in this sector. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of MATES in Energy general awareness training (GAT), and estimate the prevalence of recent suicidal ideation and exposure to suicidal behaviors in workers. A before and after design was used to examine the effectiveness of GAT training. Data were collected from 4887 participants undertaking GAT training at energy sites across Queensland, Australia. In total, 2% (97) of participants reported recent suicidal thoughts, 65% of participants reported they had known someone who had attempted suicide, and 69% had known someone who died by suicide. Significant improvements were found on all suicide literacy items after GAT training. Younger people were more likely to be positively affected by the intervention. The results indicate that the MATES in Energy program is successfully transitioning from the construction industry, and offers the first empirically supported suicide intervention tailored to the energy sector.
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Conner, Kenneth R., Catherine Cerulli, and Eric D. Caine. "Threatened and Attempted Suicide by Partner-Violent Male Respondents Petitioned to Family Violence Court." Violence and Victims 17, no. 2 (April 2002): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.2.115.33645.
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The authors examined threatened and attempted suicide among partner-violent male respondents in a family court domestic violence intervention court based on the reports of 101 women petitioning the court for orders of protection. Suicidal behavior was prevalent; 45.5% of respondents had a history of threatened suicide and 12.9% had a history of suicide attempts. Most recent threats were clustered in the previous 6 months (70.5%) with one-fourth occurring within a week of the petition, potentially indicating a desperate response to a deteriorating relationship. Attempts were not clustered in recent months. Men with a history of threatened or attempted suicide were shown to have been more violent at the index offense and greater domestic violence severity overall, potentially indicating a subsample of more severely partner-violent men also at particularly heightened risk for suicide. The study of suicidal behavior in partner-violent men may inform the prevention of suicide and severe domestic violence.
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Kendal, Wayne S., and Wendy M. Kendal. "Comparative Risk Factors for Accidental and Suicidal Death in Cancer Patients." Crisis 33, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000149.
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Background: Cancer patients appear at higher risk of accidental death and suicide. The reasons for this and how suicide and accidental death relate remain unclear. Aims: To clarify and contrast risk factors for such deaths among cancer patients. Methods: A SEER (1973–2007) analysis was conducted on 4,449,957 cancer patients comparing all causes of death (COD) to accidental and suicidal deaths through competing hazards, relative risk and proportional hazards models. SEER did not provide psychological assessments; the analysis was confined to their standard epidemiological and clinicopathological parameters. Results: 2,557,385 overall deaths yielded 16,879 (0.66%) accidents and 6,589 (0.26%) suicides. Mortality reached its highest incidence immediately after diagnosis and obeyed Pareto type II distributions. The major identifiable risk factor for suicide was male gender; for accidental death, First Nations ethnicity; and all COD, metastases. Minor factors for suicide included metastases, advanced age, and respiratory as well as head and neck tumors, whereas for accidental death they were male gender, metastases, advanced age, and brain tumors. Conclusions: Differences were observed in the risk patterns of suicide and accidental death, suggesting distinct etiologies. A high incidence of suicides and accidental deaths following diagnosis (attributed by some to stress from the diagnosis of cancer) correlated here with overall mortality and indicators of physical morbidity. Cancer patients with the above identifiable risk factors warrant supportive attention.
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Eskin, Mehmet. "Suicidal Behavior in the Mediterranean Countries." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 16, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010093.
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Introduction: Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem worldwide and shows large intersocietal variation. This study aimed at comparatively investigating the aspects of suicidal behavior in 22 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Methods: The study was conducted with official data retrieved from several sources. The suicidal mortality data were collected from World Health Organization’s data repository. Descriptive statistics, group comparison, correlational and regression statistical analyses were used to summarize the data. Results: The average age standardized suicide rates in the Mediterranean countries are lower than the world average. Except in Morocco, more men kill themselves than women. Suicide rates are lower in Mediterranean Muslim than in Mediterranean Christian countries. Slovenia, France and Croatia have the highest suicide mortality rates. Greatest percentages of suicidal ideation are seen in Croatia, Turkey and Slovenia and the greatest percentages of suicidal attempts are seen in Palestine, Cyprus, Greece and Slovenia. According to the results of the multiple regression analyses, the coefficient of human inequality index was associated with lower both-sex and male suicide rates. Greater percentages of people saying religion is unimportant in daily life in a country were found to be related to higher female suicide rates. Conclusion: The findings from the study have shown that the prevalence of suicidal deaths, thoughts and attempts vary between the Mediterranean countries. Lower suicide rates are observed in the Muslim Mediterranean nations than in the Judeo-Christian ones. However, the rates of suicide mortality in non-Arab Muslim nations being comparable to the rates in non-Muslim countries confirm the concerns over mis/underreporting of suicidal behavior in Arab Muslim countries due to religio-cultural stigma attached to suicide. The average suicidal mortality rates are lower in Mediterranean countries than the world average. Generally, more men than women kill themselves. Results from the multivariate analysis revealed that as the level of human inequality increases the rates for both-sex and male suicidal mortality decreases. Religion seem to be protective against female suicides. The study has also shown that more research is needed about suicidal behavior in the Mediterranean countries.
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Samson, Mrs Shireen. "Suicide & Its Prevention." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i06.002.
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Suicide is the intentional infliction of death on oneself. It is the leading cause of death on the planet. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 19-year-olds. 79 percent of global suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Ingestion of pesticides, hanging, and the use of firearms are among the most common methods of suicide in the world. India's suicide rate increased to 230,314 in 2016. Suicide was the leading cause of mortality in both the 15–29 and 15–39 year age groups. Over 800,000 people die by suicide every year around the world, with 135,000 (17%) of them being Indian citizens, who make up 17.5 percent of the global population. Every year, significantly more people try to commit suicide than actually do so. A past suicide attempt is the single most important risk factor for suicide in the general population. In 2012, Tamil Nadu had the highest suicide rate (12.5%), followed by Maharashtra (11.9%) and West Bengal (10.1%). (11.0 percent). In 2012, Tamil Nadu and Kerala had the highest suicide rates per 100,000 people among states with large populations. Male suicides outnumber female suicides roughly 2:1 in India. Suicides are estimated to number in the millions in India. For example, a study published in The Lancet predicted 187,000 suicides in India in 2010, despite the Indian government's official statistics claiming 134,600 suicides in the same year. According to WHO data, India's age-standardized suicide rate for women is 16.4 per 100,000 (6th highest in the world) and for males is 25.8 per 100,000 (22nd).
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Lankford, Adam. "Précis of The Myth of Martyrdom: What Really Drives Suicide Bombers, Rampage Shooters, and Other Self-Destructive Killers." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (May 15, 2014): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13001581.
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AbstractFor years, scholars have claimed that suicide terrorists are not suicidal, but rather psychologically normal individuals inspired to sacrifice their lives for an ideological cause, due to a range of social and situational factors. I agree that suicide terrorists are shaped by their contexts, as we all are. However, I argue that these scholars went too far. In The Myth of Martyrdom: What Really Drives Suicide Bombers, Rampage Shooters, and Other Self-Destructive Killers, I take the opposing view, based on my in-depth analyses of suicide attackers from Asia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and North America; attackers who were male, female, young, old, Islamic, and Christian; attackers who carried out the most deadly and the least deadly strikes. I present evidence that in terms of their behavior and psychology, suicide terrorists are much like others who commit conventional suicides, murder-suicides, or unconventional suicides where mental health problems, personal crises, coercion, fear of an approaching enemy, or hidden self-destructive urges play a major role. I also identify critical differences between suicide terrorists and those who have genuinely sacrificed their lives for a greater good. By better understanding suicide terrorists, experts in the behavioral and brain sciences may be able to pioneer exciting new breakthroughs in security countermeasures and suicide prevention. And even more ambitiously, by examining these profound extremes of the human condition, perhaps we can more accurately grasp the power of the human survival instinct among those who are actually psychologically healthy.
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Yan, Pei, Yaxuan Ren, Minyi Li, Min-Pei Lin, Sian Xu, Jiaqi Liu, Guofu Zhou, Liang Xu, and Jianing You. "The Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidality in a Sample of Adolescents in Guangdong, China." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 2 (February 2020): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.02.77.
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Background: Suicidality is a public health concern among Chinese adolescents. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 30,644 Chinese students (56.7% male; Mage = 14.14 years) completed the questionnaires, and a multinomial logistic regression was conducted to analyze the data. Results: About 17.0% of the participants reported having suicidal ideation and 4.4% reported suicide attempts in the past year. Adolescents with more rumination, more severe depressive symptoms, more communication problems with their parents, and more feelings of burdensomeness were more likely to be suicidal ideators or suicide attempters rather than non-suicidal controls. Additionally, male adolescents, adolescents from incomplete families, adolescents whose parents have lower educational levels, and adolescents with less rumination, more severe depressive symptoms, less communication problems with their parents were more likely to be suicide attempters rather than suicidal ideators. Discussion: Suicidality is prevalent and correlates with various familial and individual factors in Chinese adolescents. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings were discussed.
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W??linder, Jan, and W. Rutz. "Male depression and suicide." International Clinical Psychopharmacology 16, Supplement 2 (March 2001): S21—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004850-200103002-00004.
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Gagnon, Melissa, and John L. Oliffe. "Male depression and suicide." Nurse Practitioner 40, no. 11 (November 2015): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000472250.13456.80.
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Pratt, D., N. Tarrier, G. Dunn, Y. Awenat, J. Shaw, F. Ulph, and P. Gooding. "Cognitive–behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 16 (July 13, 2015): 3441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001348.
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Background.Prisoners have an exceptional risk of suicide. Cognitive–behavioural therapy for suicidal behaviour has been shown to offer considerable potential, but has yet to be formally evaluated within prisons. This study investigated the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a novel, manualized cognitive–behavioural suicide prevention (CBSP) therapy for suicidal male prisoners.Method.A pilot randomized controlled trial of CBSP in addition to treatment as usual (CBSP; n = 31) compared with treatment as usual (TAU; n = 31) alone was conducted in a male prison in England. The primary outcome was self-injurious behaviour occurring within the past 6 months. Secondary outcomes were dimensions of suicidal ideation, psychiatric symptomatology, personality dysfunction and psychological determinants of suicide, including depression and hopelessness. The trial was prospectively registered (number ISRCTN59909209).Results.Relative to TAU, participants receiving CBSP therapy achieved a significantly greater reduction in suicidal behaviours with a moderate treatment effect [Cohen's d = −0.72, 95% confidence interval −1.71 to 0.09; baseline mean TAU: 1.39 (s.d. = 3.28) v. CBSP: 1.06 (s.d. = 2.10), 6 months mean TAU: 1.48 (s.d. = 3.23) v. CBSP: 0.58 (s.d. = 1.52)]. Significant improvements were achieved on measures of psychiatric symptomatology and personality dysfunction. Improvements on psychological determinants of suicide were non-significant. More than half of the participants in the CBSP group achieved a clinically significant recovery by the end of therapy, compared with a quarter of the TAU group.Conclusions.The delivery and evaluation of CBSP therapy within a prison is feasible. CBSP therapy offers significant promise in the prevention of prison suicide and an adequately powered randomized controlled trial is warranted.
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Morgan, H. G., and Ruth Stanton. "Suicide among psychiatric in-patients in a changing clinical scene." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 6 (December 1997): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.6.561.
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BackgroundRapid changes in styles of clinical practice mean that we should carefully monitor the way suicides occur among psychiatric patients both in hospital and in the wider community.MethodPatients who had died through suicide either while receiving in-patient care or within 2 months of discharge from hospital were compared with a similar series reported 10 years previously. Clinicians' perceptions of patients' behaviour were compared with concurrent controls.ResultsPatients in the more recent study were younger, more often male, and a greater proportion had been discharged from in-patient status. Hazards which complicated risk assessment included short-lasting misleading clinical improvements, variability in degree of distress, and a reluctance to discuss suicidal ideas. Over a range of perceived behaviours it was not possible to distinguish suicides from controls.ConclusionsIn assessing suicide risk paramount importance should be attached to monitoring suicidal ideation and addressing the several hazards which might complicate this procedure.
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Linsley, Keith R., Martin A. Schapira, Kurt Schapira, and Clare Lister. "Changes in risk factors for young male suicide in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1961–2009." BJPsych Bulletin 40, no. 3 (June 2016): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.048884.
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Aims and methodTo ascertain differences in patterns of suicide in young men over three decades (1960s, 1990s and 2000s) and discuss implications for suicide prevention. Data on suicides and open verdicts in men aged 15–34 were obtained from coroner's records in Newcastle upon Tyne and analysed using SPSS software.ResultsAn increase in suicide rates from the first to the second decade was followed by a fall in the third decade. This was associated with an increasing proportion of single men, those living alone, unemployment, consumption of alcohol, use of hanging, previous suicide attempt and history of treatment for mental illness.Clinical implicationsThis study highlights the need for more interventions and focus to be given to young males in the suicide prevention area and is of high importance in the field of public health. Areas that could be tackled include reducing access to means of suicide, reducing alcohol use, support for relationship difficulties, engagement with mental health services and management of chronic illness.
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Corcoran, Paul, Udo Reulbach, Ivan J. Perry, and Ella Arensman. "Suicide and deliberate self harm in older Irish adults." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 8 (August 18, 2010): 1327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001377.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Hospital-treated deliberate self harm and suicide among older adults have rarely been examined at a national level.Methods: The Irish Central Statistics Office provided suicide and undetermined death data for 1980–2006. The National Registry of Deliberate Self Harm collected data relating to deliberate self harm presentations made in 2006–2008 to all 40 Irish hospital emergency departments.Results: Rates of female suicide among older adults (over 55 years) were relatively stable in Ireland during 1980–2006 whereas male rates increased in the 1980s and decreased in more recent decades. Respectively, the annual male and female suicide and undetermined death rate was 22.1 and 7.6 per 100,000 in 1997–2006. Male and female deliberate self harm was 3.0 and 11.0 times higher at 67.4 and 83.4 per 100,000, respectively. Deliberate self harm and suicide decreased in incidence with increasing age. Deliberate self harm generally involved drug overdose (male: 72%; female 85%) or self-cutting (male: 15%; female 9%). The most common methods of suicide were hanging (41%) and drowning (29%) for men and drowning (39%) and drug overdose (24%) for women. City and urban district populations had the highest rates of hospital-treated self harm. The highest suicide rates were in urban districts.Conclusions: Older Irish adults have high rates of hospital-treated deliberate self harm but below average rates of suicide. Drowning was relatively common as a method of suicide. Restricting availability of specific medications may reduce both forms of suicidal behavior.
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Takai, M., K. Yamamoto, Y. Iwamitsu, S. Miyaji, H. Yamamoto, S. Tatematsu, M. Yukawa, et al. "Exploration Of Factors Related To Hara-Kiri As A Method Of Suicide And Suicidal Behavior." European Psychiatry 25, no. 7 (November 2010): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.10.005.
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AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore factors associated with hara-kiri as a method of suicide and suicidal behavior in contemporary Japan.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on medical records of 421 patients (174 male; 247 female) who were considered suicidal and treated at the Kitasato University Hospital Emergency Medical Center in Japan between January 2006 and March 2008. We compared hara-kiri and all other methods regarding sociodemographics and clinical features of all suicidal patients.ResultsInstances of hara-kiri suicide attempt had the highest proportion of males (63%) among all suicide and suicidal behavior. One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between hara-kiri and other suicide attempt methods in the age of the suicidal patients. Result of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that those who attempted hara-kiri suicide were likely to be male, be diagnosed with schizophrenia, survive, and be married.ConclusionOur findings indicate that hara-kiri as a method of suicide and suicidal behavior remain prevalent in Japan, and the study findings also suggest that both clinical and cultural factors might play a role in hara-kiri as a method of suicide and suicidal behavior.
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Nurtanti, Susana, Sri Handayani, Nita Yunianti Ratnasari, Putri Halimu Husna, and Tantut Susanto. "Characteristics, causality, and suicidal behavior: a qualitative study of family members with suicide history in Wonogiri, Indonesia." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0016.
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AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the characteristics, causality, and suicidal behavior among family members with suicide history in Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 family members who had made suicide attempts. The interviews directly explored the relationships among characteristics, causality, and suicidal behavior. The research data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman approach.ResultsThe results indicate that there are relationships among characteristics, causality, and suicidal behaviors. The characteristics contributing to suicide attempts were male gender, age (adolescence and old age), lack of religious activities, introvert nature, low economic status, chronic diseases, unemployment, and a history of family members with suicide attempts. The causality of suicide was joblessness, economic crisis, unemployment, family conditions, personality disorder, depression, sickness, and suicide ideation.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the relationships among characteristics, causality, and suicidal behaviors. Suicide occurs when individuals have some problems that they cannot solve because of the lack of family support. The causal factors were related to one another, which caused the suicidal behavior. One of the most effective suicide prevention strategies is educating the community on how to identify suicidal signs and increase social supports.
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Adinkrah, Mensah. "Characteristics of Elderly Suicides in Ghana." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818779527.
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A major gap in the extant research literature on suicide in Ghana is lack of a systematic study of patterns and trends in elderly suicides. To address the lack of scholarship on the topic, this exploratory, descriptive study presents the results of an epidemiological analysis of 40 media-reported suicides involving persons aged 60 years and older during the 2005–2016 period. Key findings are that the vast bulk of elderly persons who died by suicide were male, aged 60 to 65 years old, and of low income. The most common suicide methods were hanging and shooting with a firearm. Reasons for dying by suicide included lack of financial wherewithal, indebtedness, cuckoldry, sexual dysfunction, grief after the death of a spouse, and marital breakdown. A secondary aim of the research was to sensitize the Ghanaian public, medical services, and government about the extent, nature, and patterns of suicidal behavior in the elderly population. At present, many people in Ghana are not aware of elderly suicides as a social problem. For stakeholders, the findings of this study can assist in the design and implementation of policies and programs to alleviate the problem.
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Wasserman, D. "Early Phases of Mental Disorders in adolescence and Young Adulthood." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70338-4.
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality among adolescent suicides. Data from the WHO European Multicentre study on attempted suicide indicates that rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young co-vary. The association is strongest and significant for male adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, recent studies have reported a shift to suicide methods with higher lethality for both genders.Suicide prevention strategies are directed at the general population and health care services. Suicide risk is high among adolescents with psychiatric illness, so adequate treatment and detection of psychiatric illnesses in young people is essential. Preventive measures in health care services after a suicide attempt and early recognition of young people at risk in schools are also essential strategies.The emphasis of suicide prevention work needs to shift to an earlier stage of the suicidal process. This question is addressed by the global suicide prevention initiative SUPRE (SUicide PREvention), in the WHO publication Preventing suicide: a resource for teachers and other school staff, which can be adapted to local conditions and inserted in syllabuses for training both pupils and staff.An intervention project called SAYLE: Saving Young lives in Europe is funded by the EU for adolescents in European schools over 12 EU countries. Its main objectives are to lead adolescents to better health through decreased risk taking and suicidal behaviours. Outcomes of preventive programs will be evaluated and culturally adjusted models for promoting health of adolescents in different European countries are planned to be developed.
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Richardson, Cara, Adele Dickson, Kathryn A. Robb, and Rory C. O’Connor. "The Male Experience of Suicide Attempts and Recovery: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105209.
Full textAbstract:
Suicidal behaviour is a complex phenomenon—its aetiology spans biological, psychological, environmental, social and cultural facets. Men’s deaths by suicide outnumber women in every country in the world. This study explored the male experience of suicide attempts and recovery as well as factors which may be protective for men. Men (n = 12) participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews which were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four master themes were identified: (1) “characteristics of attempt/volitional factors”, (2) “dealing with suicidal thoughts and negative emotions”, (3) “aftermath” and (4) “protective factors”. The theoretical and clinical implications of this study are discussed, including help seeking, emotional expression, the long-term impact of suicide attempt as well as the applied contribution to established theories.
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Kielan, Aleksandra, Marlena Stradomska, Mariusz Jawoski, Anna Mosiołek, Jan Chodkiewicz, Łukasz Święcicki, and Bożena Walewska-Zielecka. "Suicide and mental health problems in men in Poland." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2020.0024.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Women in Poland suffer from mental disorders more often than men (except for addictions). However, men are about six times more likely to commit suicide than women. What could be the cause of this situation? The aim of the article was to analyse the potential correlation between mental health and suicide in men. Materials and methods: The review was based on the available scientific literature on male depression and suicide. We searched Pubmed, Scopus and Google Schoolar (from 1.11.2019 to 31.01.2020). Results: Polish statistics may differ from others due to the fact that current diagnostic criteria often fail to take into consideration the typical symptoms of mental disorders in men. Male suicide attempts are more commonly lethal. Men are also more likely to try to deal with mental problems on their own, often using alcohol, which, in many cases, leads to suicidal behaviour and addictions. This disparity between the numbers of suicides among men and women in recent years indicates an urgent need to promote mental health among men. Conclusions: Polish health policies should focus more on the mental health of men. It is very important to develop standards of promoting male mental health, which would meet the specific health needs of this group. It is necessary to provide physicians with new diagnostic tools which will allow for better identification of typical male symptoms of mental disorders.
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Rivlin, Adrienne, Robert Ferris, Lisa Marzano, Seena Fazel, and Keith Hawton. "A Typology of Male Prisoners Making Near-Lethal Suicide Attempts." Crisis 34, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000205.
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Background: Prisoners are at high risk of suicide. Aims: This study aimed to develop a typology of prison suicide. Method: We interviewed 60 male prisoners who made near-lethal suicide attempts in prison to obtain quantitative and qualitative data regarding psychiatric, psychological, social, and criminological factors. We analyzed this information to develop a typology to classify suicidal prisoners and validated it by having a prison psychiatrist independently rate each interview transcript. Results: We developed a typology of five subgroups: attempts that (1) were due to a prisoner being unable to cope in prison, (2) were motivated by psychotic symptoms, (3) had instrumental motives, (4) were ”unexpected” by the prisoners themselves, and (5) were associated with withdrawal from drugs. The interrater reliability as measured by Cohen’s was good to excellent at 0.81 (p < .001), 95% CI (0.69, 0.93). Conclusion: With further validation in other samples, this typology may assist suicide prevention initiatives in prisons as well as other forensic institutions by informing the assessment and formulation of suicide risk.
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Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Manisha Shastri, Tanya Nicole Fernandes, Yash Bagra, Aaryaman Pathare, Arpita Patel, Padam Jain, Yesha Merchant, Gregory Armstrong, and Soumitra Pathare. "Application of a Scorecard Tool for Assessing and Engaging Media on Responsible Reporting of Suicide-Related News in India." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126206.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Each year there are more than 800,000 deaths by suicide across the world, while India alone accounts for one third of female suicides and one fourth of male suicides worldwide. Responsible media reporting of suicide is an important suicide prevention intervention at the population level. There is sufficient evidence to show that the way suicide is reported and portrayed in the media can have a significant impact on individuals experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Recognizing the important role of the media in suicide prevention, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines for responsible reporting of suicides by the media. The Press Council of India, in 2019 endorsed WHO’s guidelines for media reporting of suicides, however there is no evidence that the Indian media is complying with these guidelines. Methods: To encourage responsible media reporting, we developed a scorecard to assess and rate media reports on suicide. We reviewed several resource documents that contained guidelines on responsible reporting of suicide. After consulting with a team of experts, we arrived at a scorecard that consisted of 10 positive and 10 negative parameters. Results: We applied the scorecard to 1318 reports on suicide from 9 English language newspapers, with the highest readership in India between the dates of 1 April to 30 June 2020. For the articles analyzed, the average positive score across all newspapers was 1.32 and the average negative score was 3.31. Discussion: The scorecard can be a useful tool to assess media reports on suicide and provide metrics for the same. It can facilitate improved monitoring and engagement with media organizations, who can quickly check their own reporting compliance to the WHO guidelines and compare how well they are performing compared to their peers over time.
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Gentile, Guendalina, Stefano Tambuzzi, Raffaella Calati, and Riccardo Zoja. "A Descriptive Cohort of Suicidal Cancer Patients: Analysis of the Autopsy Case Series from 1993 to 2019 in Milan (Italy)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020829.
Full textAbstract:
Suicide in cancer patients has always been a subject of clinical studies, but the contribution of forensic pathology to this phenomenon is poorly reported. With the aim of at least partially filling this gap in information, at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Milan, Italy, we assessed all suicides that occurred in cancer patients. A descriptive and retrospective analysis was carried out by examining the database of the Institute and autopsy reports. We included 288 suicide cases with proven cancer diseases. For each suicide, sex, age, country of origin, body area affected by cancer, further pathological history, medications, previous suicide attempts and suicidal communications, as well as the place where the suicide occurred, were assessed. Furthermore, from a forensic point of view, we considered the chosen suicide method and any involved means. The majority of cases were male older adults affected by lung, colon and prostate cancer. Violent suicide methods were prevalent, and the most represented suicide method was falling from height regardless of the body area affected by cancer. Such data may be of clinical use for clinicians engaged in the front lines in order to address suicide risk prevention strategies among cancer patients.