Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Male rape victims Attitudes'
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Granger, Kara, and s3041360@student rmit edu au. "Multi-comparisons of rape and rape myth endorsement through analysis of existing modified rape myth items." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080829.093911.
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Traditionally, rape has been viewed as a crime perpetrated by men against women. However, it is now recognised that males can also be victims of rape. The current research had several interrelated aims to; (i) provide a profile of both male and female rape victims, (ii) compare the characteristics of rape perpetrated against male and female victims, (iii) estimate the incidence of male and female rape within the general community, (iv) describe the reporting practices of rape victims, and (v) determine the relationship between rape and depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts. The community's level of rape myth endorsement was also explored. Rape myths were defined as attitudes and beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists that are generally false but are widely and persistently held, and serve to deny and justify sexual aggression against women and men. The present study compared rape myth endorsement levels concerning both male and female victims. However, it was first necessary to construct a rape myth questionnaire, the Rape Attitudinal Scale (RAQ), which minimised the methodological limitations of pre-existing scales. The current research utilised online methodology and, in total, 560 individuals participated in the research. It was found that almost two out of every five participants had been a victim of rape during their lifetime, with males accounting for 8.60% of the raped sample. Rape victims emanated from a variety of demographic backgrounds and the gender differences between the characteristics of the rape were discussed. Approximately one in seven rape victims stated that they had reported the rape to police, with half of those rape victims regretting informing the police of their experience. Almost twice as many female rape victims than male rape victims failed to report their rape to anyone. It was also found that victims of rape are more likely to report rape to authorities when the rape fits the
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Hellmann, Bryan Dov. "A social constructionist exploration of male law enforcement officers' attitudes towards male rape." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05282008-125949.
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Reck, Jennifer K. "Males' Support Toward Females After Sexual Assault." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3625/.
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The current study explored the relations among rape myths, attitudes toward rape victims, perceived social support, sex role, and social reactions in a male undergraduate sample (N = 205). Males who have provided support to a sexual assault victim were compared to those who have not provided support to a sexual assault victim on several measures. Social reactions of those who have provided support to a sexual assault victim were compared to hypothetical reactions provided by individuals who have not previously provided support. Results indicated that rape related attitudes and beliefs did not differ between those who have and have not provided support to a sexual assault victim. In addition, individuals who were responding to a hypothetical situation reported that they would provide more positive social support than individuals who were responding to an actual situation. Implications for clinical work and future research in this area are discussed.
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Howe-Martin, Laura S. "A Longitudinal Study of Rape Attitude Correlates among College Men." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5269/.
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Research has linked rape victim-blaming attitudes (VBAs) with gender role stereotyping, negative peer attitudes towards women, and acceptance of interpersonal violence. The current study analyzed longitudinal questionnaire data of college men (n=166) from White and Smith's (2001) study of college student victimization. Results indicate that VBAs can be conceptualized as either overt or covert, and that the covert VBA was more strongly correlated with alcohol use, sexualized peer attitudes, traditional gender stereotypes, need for sexual dominance, and perpetration of dating aggression. The covert VBA was also correlated with rape proclivity one year later, and partially mediated relationships between earlier variables and later rape proclivity. Additionally, endorsement of chivalry moderated the relationship between traditional gender stereotypes and the covert VBA, casting new perspective on the role of chivalry. Overall, results demonstrate the importance of targeting subtle expressions of VBAs in educational programs, and the need for longitudinal studies on rape attitude development.
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Barnard, Sarah. "Police officers' attitudes about rape victims." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569988.
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Police officers are often the first contact a victim of rape has with the criminal justice system and may be the first people to whom rape victims disclose. To examine the extent to which police officers endorse rape myths, this quantitative study assessed their views about rape victims, along with the effects of demographics and experience. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale--Short Form was administered to 66 patrol officers in Southern California. The officers scored in the mid-range of this scale, which addresses seven different categories of common rape myths, such as "she lied" and "she asked for it." For some rape myths, females and ethnic majority officers indicated less endorsement of rape myths. These findings reveal a need for more in-depth research on police officers. Social workers who work with the victims of rape should advocate for increased education of law enforcement personnel about rape and its victims.
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White, Sandra Shardlow. "The Mediating Influence of Homophobia on Male Rape Victims." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1236.pdf.
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Carr, Christie Arine. "Christian Fundamentalism, Authoritarianism, and Attitudes toward Rape Victims." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2206.
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This study focused on the relationship of five variables: rape myth acceptance, attitudes toward rape victims, sex roles, authoritarianism, and Christian fundamentalism. Also, differences between men and women were compared. The study was conducted at East Tennessee State University, and 100 people participated. Contrary to past research, Christian fundamentalism was not a significant predictor of rape myth acceptance or attitudes towards rape victims, but there were significant relationships between all of the other variables. Men were found to be more accepting of rape myths and had a more negative view of rape victims than did women. Implications of these findings, future research ideas, and possible rape-awareness educational programs are discussed.
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Choudhary, Ekta. "Male sexual violence victimization definitions, epidemiological profile, and psychological impact /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10297.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 165 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-165).
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Lawler, Anna DeVries Nezu Christine Maguth. "Gender, sexual orientation and victim blame regarding male victims of sexual assault /." Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2002. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/62.
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Ward, Colleen, Betty Newlon, Barbara Krahé, Kathleen Myambo, Monica Payne, Yildiz Tastaban, Sahika Yuksel, et al. "The attitudes toward rape victims scale : psychometric data from 14 countries." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3449/.
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Content:
Synopsis
The Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale: Psychometric Data from 14 Countries
Scale Construction and Validation
- Study One: Preliminary Analyses
- Study Two: Test-Retest Reliability
- Study Three: Construct Validity
Cross-cultural Extensions
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- New Zealand
- Canada
- West Indies
- Israel
- Turkey
- India
- Hong Kong
- Malaysia
- Zimbabwe
- Mexico
- Metric Equivalence
Discussion
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Reck, Jennifer K. Sewell Kenneth W. "Males' support toward females after sexual assault." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3625.
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Reyes, Eunice. "Attitudes Toward Sex Among Male College Students." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1556891238625505.
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Hendricks, Mary E. "A study of the relationship between male sexual victimization and sexual aggression against females /." View online, 1993. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880617.pdf.
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Gillies, Ralph A. "Providing direct counter-arguments to challenge male audiences' attitudes toward rape /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841291.
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Hockett, Jericho M. "“Rape victims” versus “rape survivors”: oppression and resistance in individuals’ perceptions of women who have been raped." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16525.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Donald A. Saucier
An overview discusses rape in terms of two systems of social power: oppression and resistance. Components of these systems—i.e., individuals’ rape-related attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors, and outcomes—are compared in the literatures on “rape victims” and “rape survivors” (Hockett & Saucier, under review), suggesting that different results and conclusions are associated with different labels applied to the same group (i.e., women who have been raped). Three studies assessed differences in individuals’ rape-related perceptions (Study 1), intergroup helping intentions (Study 2), and interpersonal helping intentions (Study 3) for “rape victims,” “rape survivors,” and “women who have been raped.” Extending feminist and social psychological theories of social power, results generally supported my hypotheses that such labels would produce different perceptions and helping intentions. The discussion addresses implications for theory, limitations, and directions for future research.
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MACGREGOR, JANET CATHERINE BROOKFIELD. "COLLEGE STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD RAPE: A COMPARISON OF NEW ZEALAND AND THE UNITED STATES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184216.
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This cross-cultural study used the "Attitudes Toward Rape Victims Survey" (ARVS), designed by Ward (1984), to examine the attitudes of college students in New Zealand and the United States. The instrument (ARVS) is the first of its kind to test for victim blame, and the first to be limited to the assessment of attitudes toward the rape victim specifically. Subjects were 205 students from the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, and 508 students from the University of Arizona, Tucson. The survey responses were analyzed to determine cultural differences in attitudes, according to gender and age. Findings would suggest that the United States students were more sympathetic toward the rape victim, less likely to believe traditional rape myths, and more ready to assign male responsibility for the assault than were New Zealand students. New Zealand women appeared less aware of the implications of sexual assault than both United States men and women, and New Zealand men. New Zealand men demonstrated greater awareness than United States men. Older students in both countries tended to be more conservative in their responses than were the younger students. Although there was a significant cultural difference according to age and gender, scores were consistently low for each sample, indicating a general acceptance of traditional rape myths and a continuing tendency to assign to women the responsibility for sexual assault. Several conclusions were drawn from the data analysis. There is a significant cultural difference in attitudes toward the female victim of rape, between New Zealand and United States college students, according to age and gender. However, both cultures retain a strong belief in traditional rape myths. Responses to the ARVS seem to support the views of current theorists: that attitudes toward rape and incidence of rape are culturally predisposed by factors such as domination and aggression in men, passivity and submission in women, fear of the "feminine," and stereotypic sex roles. It is recommended that more research be undertaken on cross-cultural attitudes toward rape victims.
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Frisque, Amy M. "Resident assistants' attitudes about sexual assault and sexual assault prevention training." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008frisquea.pdf.
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Chapman, Cass. "Revision of the self; revision of societal attitudes: feminist critical approaches to female rape memoir /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/chapmanc/casschapman.pdf.
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Van, Wijk Evalina. "The lived experience of male intimate partners of female rape victims in Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13440.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-311).The primary purpose of the study was to explore, analyse and interpret the lived experiences of male intimate partners of female rape victims and the meaning of such experiences within six months of the rape. A secondary purpose was to formulate a framework grounded in the data gathered from the intimate partners to understand and conceptualise their experiences. The research question that guided the study was the following: What are the lived experiences of intimate partners of female rape victims during the six months following the rape? Selection of study participants involved purposeful sampling. After providing informed consent, nine intimate partners of female rape victims living in Cape Town, South Africa, participated in four separate face-to-face, semi-structured interviews: (a) within 14 days of, (b) a month after, (c) three months after and(d) six months after the rape.The hermeneutic-phenomenological approach of Paul Ricoeur formed the framework for the analysis and interpretation of the findings to ensure congruence between the present study‘s philosophical underpinnings and the research method. Colaizzi‘s procedural steps and the within-case and acrosscase approach, as suggested by Ayres, Kavanaugh and Knafl (2003:873), functioned to supplement Ricoeur‘s method (Speziale & Carpenter, 2003:58-64).
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Hockett, Jericho M. "An umbrella of dominance? An examination of oppressive beliefs in the context of rape." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1644.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychology
Donald A. Saucier
Research has demonstrated that negative perceptions of rape victims may vary based on characteristics such as the victims’ race (e.g., Estrich, 1987; Wyatt, 1992). This study examined rape from feminist (e.g., Collins, 1991; hooks, 2003) and Social Dominance Theory (SDT; e.g., Pratto, 1996; Sidanius, 1993) perspectives to assess the relationship between individuals’ social dominance orientation (SDO) and differences in their attitudes toward rape victims of differing races. After reading newspaper-style vignettes describing the rape of either a White or Black victim, participants (N = 83) completed measures assessing their levels of rape myth acceptance (RMA), gender role beliefs, SDO, racism, and social desirability. Results indicated that participants’ SDO scores significantly predicted their perceptions of the triviality of the rape. Specifically, when participants’ SDO scores were higher, they perceived the rape as less trivial for White victims. However, participants higher in SDO did not perceive the rape of Black victims as being either more or less trivial. Consistent with previous research, this study also found that negative attitudes toward women significantly predicted overall negative perceptions of both the Black and White rape victims (e.g., Hockett, Saucier, Hoffman, Smith, & Craig, in press) and that individuals perceived the Black rape victims as less credible than the White rape victims (Wyatt, 1992). These results contribute to our understanding of the relationships among individuals’ attitudes about power, race, and rape by offering support for feminist theories about the relationship between rape and power, as well as for SDT and feminist theories regarding the structure of dominance.
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Ashton, Paul. ""How did it get to this?" gay male intimate partner violence and victim characteristics /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 56 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674961501&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Du, Plessis Nina. "Women's experiences of reporting rape to the police : a qualitative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21614.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The issue of rape in South Africa has been widely documented and debated in the form of academic, legal, governmental and media reports. The statistics that inform us both of the incidence of rape and the number of women who report rape to the police have been vehemently contested. Secondary victimization of rape survivors by police, medical and legal officials, has been reported internationally in studies conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States and South Africa. The present study explored 16 women’s experiences of reporting rape to the police in historically disadvantaged communities. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were aimed at eliciting information about the nature of their experiences with the police and how their complaints were responded to and dealt with by police personnel. Six categories and 18 themes emerged out of a grounded theory analysis performed on the data. All of the participants were reportedly dissatisfied with the manner in which they were treated or the way in which their cases were handled by the South African Police Service (SAPS). The results implied the existence of rape myths in police official’s attitudes towards rape survivors, and the need to create awareness around the rights of rape survivors who report rape to the police, as well as to educate police officers with regards to the sensitivity of the issue of rape. Keywords: rape myths; secondary victimization; police; survivors; criminal justice system; feminism; gender relations; rape in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van verkragting in Suid-Afrika is deuglik debateer en dokumenteer deur middel van akademiese, wetlike, regeering en media verslagte. Die statistieke wat ons in kennis stel van die aantal insidente van verkragtings en die aantal vrouens wat verkragting reporteer is gedurig in ‘n vurige en teenstrydige toestand. Sekondêre viktimisering van verkragting oorlewendes deur die polisie, mediese en wetlike amptenare, is geraporteer op internasionale vlak in studies wat gedoen is in die Verenigde Koningkryk, die Verenigde State en Suid-Afrika. Hierdie studie dek die ervarings van 16 vrouens, vanuit historiese agtergeblewe gemeenskappe, se raportering van verkragting aan die polisie. Kwalitatiewe semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gemik daarop om inligting tot die lig te bring oor die natuur van hul ervaringe met die polisie, hoe daar op hul aanklagte reaggeer is en hoe die polisie dit hanteer het. Ses katogorieë en 18 temas was die resultaat vanuit ‘n gegronde teorie analisie wat gedoen is op die data. Al die vrouens was ongelukkig met die manier waarop hul beweerde behandeling, of oor hul sake hanteer was deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD). Die resultate het gewys op die bestaan van verkragtingsmites in polisie amptenare se houding teenoor die verkragting oorlewendes, en die behoefte om ‘n bewustheid te skep oor die regte van verkraging oorlewendes wat verkragting raporteer aan die polisie, as ook om polisie offisiere te onderrig ten opsigte van sensitiwiteit teenoor die saak van verkragting. Sleutelwoorde: verkragtingsmites; sekondêre viktimisasie; polisie; oorlewendes; kriminele justisie sisteem; feminisme; geslagsverhoudings; verkragting in Suid- Afrika.
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Yalcin, Zeynep Sila. "Effects Of Ambivalent Sexism, Locus Of Control, Empathy, And Belief In A Just World On Attitudes Toward Rape Victims." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607122/index.pdf.
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The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of ambivalent sexism, locus of control, empathy and belief in a just world on attitudes toward rape victims. In order to do so, 425 graduate and undergraduate students at Middle East Technical University participated in the current study. The results of the study indicated that hostile sexism (β
= .47), empathy (&
#946
= -.28), education (&
#946
= -.22), internal locus of control (&
#946
= .10), belief in a just world (&
#946
= .10), benevolent sexism (&
#946
= .10) and income (&
#946
= -.09) had a significant contribution on the participants&rsquo
unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims after eliminating the effects of age and education. Additional analysis further revealed that male participants demonstrated significantly more endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than female participants. The main effect of pornography viewing on attitudes toward rape victims was not found significant. However, the results further indicated that there was a significant interaction effect among gender, pornography viewing and empathy. That is, in the high victim empathy condition male participants who had been exposed to pornography scored significantly higher on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who had never been exposed to it. On the other hand, in the high empathy condition, female participants who viewed pornography showed less endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who never viewed pornography. Finally, the results of the study indicated that the interaction effects of pornography viewing and hostile sexism were significant. Indeed, in the high hostile sexism condition, both male and female participants who were exposed to pornography showed significantly greater endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims when compared to those who did not watch pornography. The major contributions of this thesis are (1) investigating some of the effects of important demographic variables such as age, education and income, (2) comparing the unique contributions of locus of control, empathy, belief in a just world, hostile and benevolent sexism with a hierarchical regression analysis, and (3) showing the interaction effects of some variables like gender, pornography viewing, levels of empathy and hostile sexism on participants&rsquo
attitudes toward rape victims.
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Hurst-McCaleb, Dawn. "Mock Juror Effects of Blame and Conviction in Rape Cases: Do Attitudes, Beliefs, and Contact with Homosexuals Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849652/.
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The current case involves a female rape victim. Research has shown the level of victim blaming can be elevated if the victim is a lesbian woman compared to a heterosexual woman. Mock jurors’ responses to personality trait questionnaires (e.g., Belief in a Just World, Attitudes Toward Women, Attitudes Toward Lesbians) and amount of contact they have with homosexual people were employed as predictors of how they would decide victim blaming and perpetrator guilt. Personality trait findings were not good predictors; however, greater contact with homosexuals did decrease negative attitudes toward lesbian victims. Limitations and implications for future research are addressed.
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Hillenbrand-Gunn, Theresa L. "Acquaintance rape and male high school students : can a social norms intervention change attitudes and perceived norms? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137710.
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Lobo, Tracy R. "Evaluation of a sexual assault prevention program for college men : effects on self-reported sexually aggressive behavior, social perceptions, and attitudes /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108144169.
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Albèr, Bjarne, and Leonard Jonsson. "Du får nog skylla dig själv, tror jag : En litteraturstudie om hur stereotyper och myter påverkar attityderna hos studenter till ett offer för våldtäkt." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-778.
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Bakgrund: På senare år har män som våldtäktsoffer fått en ökad uppmärksamhet, men fortfarande fokuseras majoriteten av forskningen på kvinnor. Det finns många olika myter och fördomar som tilldelas våldtäktsoffer. Ett offer för våldtäkt drabbas av både fysiska och psykiska men. Vårdpersonal måste kunna se förbi sina fördomar för att ge adekvat och lika vård till alla individer. Syfte: Att belysa skillnader och likheter rörande studenters attityder/föreställningar gentemot män respektive kvinnor som blivit utsatta för våldtäkt. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes på nio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Resultatet visade att manliga studenter generellt har högre acceptans för våldtäktsmyter gällande både kvinnor och män. Männen visade upp mer negativa attityder mot offren, tilldelade mer skuld och mindre sympati mot offren än de kvinnliga studenterna. Både kön och sexualitet påverkar attityder mot offret, kvinnor och homosexuella män skuldbeläggs generellt mer än heterosexuella män och homosexuella kvinnor. Mäns och kvinnors föreställningar/uppfattningar om våldtäkt skiljer sig även åt och det visade sig att män och kvinnor föreställer sig olika olägenheter vid våldtäkt. Utbildning visade sig vara en faktor som påverkar attityder, där högre utbildning indikerar på mer positiva attityder mot offret. Slutsats: En rad olika myter förekommer och kan kopplas till negativa attityder mot våldtäktsoffer. En skillnad mellan män och kvinnor finns när det kommer till myt-acceptans. Beroende på ett offers sexuella läggning, kön och karaktär förändras synen på den. Klinisk betydelse: Kännedom om dessa myter och attityder kan ligga till grund för framtida utbildning hos personal som arbetar inom detta område och hjälpa till att motverka en sekundär traumatisering för våldtäktsoffer.Background: In recent years, male victims of rape have gained increased attention, but the majority of the research still focuses on women. There are many myths and prejudices that affect our attitudes toward victims of rape. A victim suffers from both physical and psychological injuries. Health care personnel have to see beyond their prejudices to give a good and equal care towards all individuals. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the similarities and differences regarding students’ attitudes/beliefs towards male and female rape victims. Method: A literature review was written based on nine scientific articles with quantitative approach. Results: The results indicated that men generally have a higher acceptance of rape myths regarding both women and men. Men showed more negative attitudes towards victims, allocated more blame and less sympathy toward victims than women. Both gender and sexuality affect attitudes towards victims, women and homosexual men generally received more blame than heterosexual men and homosexual women. Male and female beliefs/perceptions of rape are also different and it turned out men and women produce various nuisances regarding rape. Education were proven to be a factors influencing attitudes, higher education indicates more positive attitudes towards the victim. Conclusion: Different kinds of myths exist and can be connected to negative attitudes towards a victim of rape. A difference between men and women exists when it comes to myth acceptance. Depending on the victims sexual orientation, sex and character the view upon it changes. Clinical implication: Knowledge about these myths and attitudes can be used for future education for personnel working within this area and to help preventing a secondary victimization for the victim.
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Ackerman, Carla. "The power of patriarchy : its manifestation in rape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/54906.
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Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1995.Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates womens' perceptions of social power, as illustrated by their experiences of rape. In the first chapter the principles of subjective feminist research are analyzed against the background of feminist critique on so-called objective science. This introduction also discusses the feminist research methodology used in the study. This is followed by an examination of mainstream political science's conception of "power". How mainstream political scientists conceptualise "power", how they define "the exercise of power". Analyses of the feminist critique against the mainstream conception of "power" are discussed. The account of Foucault's ideas on "power" is, to some degree, a link between mainstream political science's views and feminists views. An examination of patriarchy, the three main dichotomies present in our society that determine female/male relations and gendered sexuality follows. It is against the aforementioned background that the literature study moves into a practical research stage. The next chapter analyses womens' conceptions and experiences of "power" relations by looking at the feminist theory of rape. This is followed by an analysis of the research data and a discussion of the popular rape myths in our society. A historical overview and analysis of the current rape law is then given, while the last chapter examines a feminist alternative conception of "power"relations by re-visiting "power" and by providing a feminist vision of women-power.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek vrouens se persepsies van sosiale mag soos geïllustreer deur hulle ervarings van verkragting. In die eerste hoofstuk word die beginsels van subjektiewe feministiese navorsing geanaliseer teen die agtergrond van die feministiese kritiek teen sogenaamde objektiewe wetenskap. Dit verskaf 'n bespreking van die feministiese navorsingsmetodologie wat in die studie gebruik is. In die daaropvolgende hoofstuk word hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se konsepsie van "mag" ondersoek deur te kyk na hoe hoofstroom politieke wetenskap "mag" konseptualiseer, hoe dit "die uitoefening van mag" definieer en deur die analise van feministiese kritiek teen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se konsepsie van "mag". Die opsomming van Faucault se idees oor "mag" is in sommige opsigte 'n skakel tussen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se sieninge en die van feministe. 'n Ondersoek na patriargie, die drie belangrikste tweeledighede ("dichotomies") in ons samelewing wat die verhoudings tussen vrouens en mans bepaal en geslagtelike seksualiteit ("gendered sexuality") volg. Dit is teen die agtergrond van die voorafgaande dat die literatuurstudie gevolg word deur 'n praktiese navorsingsfase. Daar volg'In analise van vrouens se konsepsies en ondervindings van "magsverhoudinge" deur eerstens na die feministiese teorie van verkragting te kyk. Hierna volg 'n analise van die navorsingsdata en In bespreking van populêre verkragtingsmites in ons samelewing. In aansluiting by bogenoemde volg 'n historiese oorsig en analise van die huidige verkragtingswet en vrouens se ervarings daarvan. Laastens volg 'n feministiese alternatiewe konsepsie van "magsverhoudinge" deur 'n her-analise van "mag" voor te stel en deur 'n feministiese visie van vroue-mag ("women-power") te verskaf.
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Persson, Matilda, and Liam Rydén. ""TS är man och män kan inte våldtas utav en kvinna" : En diskurspsykologisk analys om konstruktioner av manliga offer för sexuella övergrepp på internetforum." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36544.
Full textAbstract:
Den här uppsatsen har behandlat diskurser på internetforumen Flashback Forum och Familjeliv kring mäns utsatthet för sexuella övergrepp. Syftet var att undersöka hur män som offer för sexuella övergrepp beskrev sina upplevelser av utsatthet samt analysera hur dessa utsagor bemöttes. Genom att dolt studera diskussionstrådar på internetforumen kunde olika diskurser som forumanvändarna använde identifieras. Dessa diskurser analyserades utifrån våldtäktsmyter, hegemonisk maskulinitet och teorin om ideala offer. Resultatet visade hur manliga offer konstruerade sig på olika sätt; de kunde erkänna händelsen men inte offerskapet, sätta sig i förhållande till förövaren eller jämföra med kvinnliga offer. De som bemötte männen uttryckte framförallt olika våldtäktsmyter där den vanligaste myten var att män inte kunde våldtas till skillnad från kvinnor. Att både offren själva och övriga användare jämförde offerskapet med kvinnliga offer tydde på en föreställning om att kvinnor blir tagna på allvar som offer, trots alla exempel på motsatsen.This study has examined discourses on the internet forums Familjeliv and Flashback, about male victims of sexual assault. The purpose was to examine how male victims described their experiences of victimization and analyze how their stories were responded to. Through a hidden observation on internet forums we could identify different discourses that were used. These discourses were analyzed with different rape myths, hegemonic masculinity and theory of ideal victim. The study showed how male victims constructed themselves in different ways; some admitted to the event but not their victimhood, others compared their victimization with female victims. The users that answered the victims mostly expressed rape myths, the most common were that men can’t be raped unlike women. That both victims themselves and other users compared the victimization with female victims suggests a conception that women always get a legitimate status as a victim, despite all the examples of the contrary.
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Thach, Thida. "La représentation de la violence faite aux femmes dans 'Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali' de Gil Courtemanche et 'Je m’appelle Bosnia' de Madeleine Gagnon." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31460.
Full textAbstract:
La violence faite aux femmes est une réalité encore très présente, surtout dans les sociétés patriarcales, même après des décennies de lutte féministe. C’est aussi un thème privilégié en littérature. La présente thèse propose justement une analyse de ce thème à travers deux romans assez récents qui mettent tous deux de l’avant des aspects particuliers de la question : Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali de Gil Courtemanche et Je m’appelle Bosnia de Madeleine Gagnon. Nous tenterons de cerner les différentes formes de violences à l’œuvre dans les deux narrations : la violence faite aux filles, celle faite aux femmes, et enfin la violence spécifique qu’engendrent les conflits armés avec le viol comme arme de guerre. Nous proposerons une analyse intersectionnelle de ces formes de violences afin de mesurer les représentations et les répercussions des notions de classe et de race eu égard aux toiles de fond différentes des deux romans : le génocide chez Courtemanche, le nettoyage ethnique chez Gagnon. Nous aborderons aussi les narrations sous l’angle de l’agentivité. Dans des sociétés fondamentalement patriarcales, quel pouvoir peuvent espérer avoir les personnages féminins sur leur destin personnel et collectif? Y a-t-il pour ces femmes fictives des stratégies possibles pour atteindre une liberté d’action, si mince soit-elle?
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"Describing non-institutionalised male rape." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1516.
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M.A.In today’s world, men are often under represented within the domain of the victim. Dominant narratives such as feminism and those that inform masculinity could be seen as maintaining this under representation. One area where this is particularly evident concerns the male victim of rape. This study utilised a phenomenological methodology in an attempt to describe the phenomenon of male rape from the victims’ perspectives. The methodology that was employed relied on transcendental phenomenology in order to create the descriptions of this phenomenon. Through the application of this method it was discovered that the phenomenon of male rape has a dominant structure that is related to the destruction and reconstruction of the masculine self. The research also revealed several textural themes that include the characteristics of the assault, the treatment and support that victims receive, the effect of the assault on the self, disclosure about the assault, the learning’s and life changes brought about by the assault, the victims’ feelings towards their assailants and the effect of the assault on the victims’ relationships. The research furthermore provides individual textural and structural descriptions for each of the individual participants who took part in the study. Composite textural and structural descriptions were also created for the group of participants as a whole. The final description that was created through the research process includes the intuitive integration of the fundamental composite textural and structural descriptions into a unified statement of the essences of the experience of male rape as a whole.
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"Christian Fundamentalism, Authoritarianism, and Attitudes Toward Rape Victims." East Tennessee State University, 2006. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0403106-163733/.
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Waliski, Angie. "An examination of sexual assault agencies and the services available to male victims /." 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uark/fullcit?p3025523.
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Kottler, Sharon Helen. "Wives' subjective definitions of and attitudes towards wife rape." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17121.
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This study was based on subjective attitudes towards wife rape of 85 women and detailed interviews with 20 of them. It aimed to measure the relation between traditionalism and use of the term wife rape, awareness of wife rape and of its criminalisation; and to understand women's experiences and subjective definitions of wife rape and their coping strategies. Once wife rape was problematised, definitions varied. Women holding more traditional attitudes (informal settlement women) were less likely to define the wife's experience in a vignette as wife rape than women holding less traditional (shelter women) and non-traditional attitudes (Network identified women). Additionally, women holding more non-traditional attitudes were more likely to define the event as wife rape than were other women. Similar intergroup differences in traditionalism on awareness of wife rape and its criminalisation emerged. The line between sexual violence and violent sexuality was a thin one at times.M.A (Pshychology)
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Magwaza, Ntombintombi Judith. "The attitudes and perceptions of the University of Zululand students towards rape victims." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/85.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Masters in Counselling Psychology in the
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts
University of Zululand, 2007.Recent studies in South Africa have shown alarming scores of crimes committed against women in all sectors of the society. Rape in particular, is among the highest forms of crime experienced by institutions of higher learning. Attitudes towards rape victims have been found to play a major role in influencing the high number of rape incidents. The present study seeks to investigate the attitudes of the University of Zululand students towards rape victims with an aim of designing programmes that would assist in improving their negative attitudes towards rape victims and reinforce positive attitudes. One hundred and fifty students participated in the study. There were Black, Coloured, Indian and White students who participated in the study. The age range of the participants was 18 and above. Thirty participants were randomly chosen from each of the five faculties namely: Arts, Commerce, Education, Law and Science and Agriculture. The Attitude Toward Rape Victim Scale (ARVS) designed and implemented by Ward (1988) was given to each student participant. More males than females displayed negative attitudes towards rape victims. Younger participants were to be more sensitive towards rape victims. Different faculties had no significant bearing to the attitudes of students towards the victims of sex crime, except with regard to their views concerning women who have had prior sexual relations and women who are raped while accepting rides from strangers. The overall results from the study indicated a positive attitude (i.e.. support) towards the rape victims.
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Ellis, Gayle Marie. "Sex-role orientation in females and attitudes toward victims of rape." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31383426.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-60).
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Boldt, Leanne Oteka. "The sexual climate of secondary schools : adolescents' attitudes towards victims of harassment and abuse." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4632.
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This paper is a report on the condition of rape myth acceptance and rape supportive attitudes among adolescent boys and girls. Students in secondary schools are at high risk for becoming victims of not only sexual violence, but also of secondary victimization at the reaction of peers and professionals. The paper discusses common risk factors for rape myth acceptance, along with suggestions for counselors practicing in a secondary school setting.text
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Vazquez, Roshnee. "Examining the relationship between gender roles and attitudes towards rape victims among Latino/as in the United States." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8FB591K.
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The present study aimed to examine factors influencing attitudes towards rape victims among a sample of Latinos (N=312) and Latinas (N=427). The predictive role of gender role attitudes was the overarching factor of interest. The study utilized the constructs of machismo/caballerismo and marianismo in efforts to capture the most culturally-relevant understanding and manifestation of gender role attitudes for the population of interest. Machismo/caballerismo and marianismo are largely ignored in empirical research but quite prevalent in Latino theoretical literature. The study also aimed to investigate the applicability of acculturation, a variable commonly included in Latino research but overlooked in rape research. The primary hypotheses tested in the study were whether the gender role attitudes of men and women would predict negative attitudes towards rape victims. It was proposed that higher levels of traditional gender role attitudes (i.e., machismo for males and marianismo for females) would predict higher levels of negative attitudes towards rape victims. Conversely, higher levels of caballerismo (i.e., less traditional male gender role attitudes) would predict lower levels of negative attitudes towards rape victims. Analyses revealed that gender role attitudes did not predict attitudes towards rape victims for either females or males in the sample. Among the female sample, social desirability was the only variable that significantly predicted attitudes towards rape victims. Among the male sample, socioeconomic status was found to be the only significant predictor of attitudes towards rape victims. Secondary hypotheses posited that degree of acculturation would affect the strength of the relationship between gender role attitudes and attitudes towards rape victims. This proposed moderating relationship was not tested as there was no significant relationship between the gender role and attitudes towards rape victims variables.
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Goliada, Ndivhuwo Victor. "A victimological study of sexual assault of male inmates in the Thohoyandou Correctional Centre." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/992.
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Shushan, Hinor. "Sex role identity, rape myth acceptance and attitudes towards gender equity amongst young South African male students." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18350.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Clinical
Psychology by Coursework and Research Report
Johannesburg, 2014This research explored the relationship between sex-role identity, rape myth acceptance and attitudes towards gender equity in a population of young South African men. A questionnaire consisting of a demographic section, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Short Form Scale, and the Gender Equitable Men Scale was administered online to 253 male students studying engineering at a Johannesburg based university. Correlation analyses were used to infer the relationships between the three variables, while a multiple regression assessed whether particular combinations of sex-role identity and attitudes towards gender equity could predict higher rape myth acceptance as well as whether particular combinations of sex-role identity and rape myth acceptance might predict more positive attitudes towards gender equity. The results showed that neither masculinity nor androgyny had any statistically significant relationship with rape myth acceptance or attitudes towards gender equity, and that there was no significant difference with regard to scale sores between those students identifying as anrogynous and those identifying as masculine. There was, however, a strong inverse relationship between rape myth acceptance and attitudes endorsing gender equity in the direction anticipated. Results showed that this relationship was also predictive in nature, illustrating that attitudes towards women in terms of their role and responsibilities was predictive of greater likelihood of acceptance of rape myths. It was evident that the young men sampled were less likely to accept rape myths and more likely to present emancipated attitudes towards intimate relationships and gendered power relations than has been found in previous related studies. In addition, it was found that differences in relation to some of the demographic charateristics of the sample, such whether they resided in an all male residence or not, were linked to significantly different scores on the rape myth and gender equity measures. These results need to be interpreted with caution given that actual differences in scores were minimal (given the limited range of scores) and that these findings were secondary to the main aims of the study.
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Mudzana, Pricilla Shupikayi. "Factors contributing to non-reporting of rape by school going adolescents in Matsulu Township of South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20282.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to poor reporting of rape by school going adolescents. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among the 16-19 year old school going adolescents in grade 10-12 living in Matsulu Township of South Africa. Data collection was done using audio-taped semi-structured focus group discussions and individual interviews. Non-probability sampling was utilised for the study and purposive sampling was used to identify participants. Content analysis as proposed by Polit and Beck (2012:557) was utilised for this study. The study’s findings indicated that non-reporting of rape by adolescents is linked to structural, psychological, socio-cultural and economic causes. The study recommends that a comprehensive integrated approach should be used.
Health Studies
M. A. (Nursing Science)
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Barkhuizen, Merlyn. "The physical and emotional victimisation of the male partner within a heterosexual marriage or cohabitating relationship : an explorative study." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3650.
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This study aimed at exploring the impact of emotional and physical abuse that a male partner experiences “at the hands” of his female partner within a marriage or cohabitating relationship. This is accomplished by giving each respondent a “voice” with which he shares his victimisation experiences. Each case is individually analysed and interpreted according to an integrated systems model of abuse of the male victim of domestic violence which forms the theoretical foundation for this study.
Through a process of in-depth personal interviews with the participants, researcher was able to compile a qualitative study, using the purposive snow ball sampling method. This information was used in collaboration with supportive literature to assist researcher in gaining a deep understanding of this form of domestic violence.
It is hoped that this study will contribute to further research initiatives with regards to the male victim of domestic violence in South Africa. It is also researcher’s aim to inform victimology students and the helping professions about male battering and the unique circumstances surrounding it.Criminology
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Pillay-Ramaya, Meeroshni. "Reflections on the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to sexual harassment." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20105.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the extensive research conducted on sexual harassment, very little work has
focused on the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to
sexual harassment. In exploring the legal and psychological constructions of
women's resistance to sexual harassment, we are confronted with salient issues
pertaining to the determination of the welcomeness requirement which call for a
reflection.
A key characteristic of sexual harassment is that it is unwanted by the recipient. It is
for each person to decide what behaviour is acceptable to them and what they regard
as offensive. Thus, although there is general agreement about what can constitute
sexual harassment, the experience of sexual harassment is subjective in nature and
the precise quantification of workplace sexual harassment is problematic.
The present study aims to: (a) identify the reasoning/history behind the
"unwelcomeness/unwanted" requirement, (b) assess the reasonableness of· the
requirement of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct, taking into account the various
pieces of legislation and case law, (c) determine how the courts have interpreted this
requirement and what factors are looked at, (d) determine whether the test is
subjective or objective, (e) identify the struggle and debilitating effects sexual
harassment has on women in the workplace.
The results of this study will assist in gaining knowledge and understanding of the
concept of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct in sexual harassment cases and the
effects it has on the victim which will go a long way in assisting management in any
business to effectively implement strategies and disciplines to manage the problem
of sexual harassment in the workplace.Private Law
LLM (Labour Law)