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Journal articles on the topic 'Male Lead'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Al-Omary, Hanan L., Zainab M. Alawa, and IsraaF jaafar. "Environmental Lead Exposure and Male Infertility." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 15, no. 09 (September 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-1509044954.

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2

Shiau, C.-Y. "Decreased fecundity among male lead workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.014944.

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3

Debnath, BC, M. Ibrahim, and P. Fatima. "Study of blood lead and semen lead concentration in male infertility." Pulse 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6956.

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Objective: To evaluate the association of blood and semen lead with male infertility. Design: It was a case control study carried out in the department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, from January, 2004 to December, 2004.Subjects: Of 52 male subjects, 26 were infertile with oligospermia and / or asthenospermia. Age matched 26 normospermic subjects with normal standard semen parameters (volume, count, motility and morphology) were selected as controls. None had the history of occupational exposure to lead.Results: Median values of blood lead were 19.96 µg/dl and 17.68 µg/dl (normal <25 µg/dl); semen lead were 29.56µg/dl and 28.17 µg/dl (normal 15.37 ± 3.92 µg/dl) in cases and controls respectively. Neither blood lead nor semen lead showed significant difference between cases and controls. There was significant positive correlation between blood lead and semen lead concentrations. There was no significant correlation of semen and blood lead concentrations with other semen parameters & serum hormone concentrations (FSH, LH, & Testosterone) in cases. Conclusion: Though the association of blood or semen lead with male infertility was not established in our study, yet, increased seminal lead concentration found in our study subjects may be indicative of subtle exposure of lead in our environment. So, further study with larger sample size is needed. The clinicians should consider the lead measurements when evaluating male partners of couples with unexplained infertility and for assessment of lead status, semen lead measurement can be recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6955Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.10-13

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4

Teli?man, Spomenka, Alica Pizent, Jasna Jurasovi?, and Petar Cvitkovi? "Lead effect on blood pressure in moderately lead-exposed male workers." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 45, no. 5 (2004): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20006.

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5

Garcia, C. Macías, E. Saborío, and C. Berea. "Does male‐biased predation lead to male scarcity in viviparous fish?" Journal of Fish Biology 53, sA (December 1998): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01021.x.

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6

Travis, John. "Sperm Protein May Lead to Male Pill." Science News 160, no. 15 (October 13, 2001): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012919.

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7

Purnell, Beverly A. "Mouse work may lead to male contraceptive." Science Signaling 8, no. 400 (October 27, 2015): ec315-ec315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aad7045.

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8

Engellenner, William J., Richard G. Burright, and Peter J. Donovick. "Lead, age and aggression in male mice." Physiology & Behavior 36, no. 5 (January 1986): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(86)90437-3.

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9

Smith, Duane M., Howard W. Mielke, and James B. Heneghan. "Subchronic Lead Feeding Study in Male Rats." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55, no. 3 (February 15, 2008): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9138-1.

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10

Purnell, B. A. "Mouse work may lead to male contraceptive." Science 350, no. 6259 (October 22, 2015): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6259.394-f.

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11

Kim, Hyeong Su, Soung Hoon Chang, Won Jin Lee, Jae Wook Choi, Jong Tae Park, Nam Won Paik, and Rok Ho Kim. "Effect of Occupational Lead on Male Sex Hormones." Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 13, no. 1 (2001): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.44.

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12

Lin, S., S. Hwang, E. G. Marshall, P. Herzfeld, and R. Stone. "312 LEAD EXPOSURE IN MALE WORKERS AMD FERTILITY." Epidemiology 6, no. 2 (March 1995): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199503000-00336.

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13

Kaushik, Narendra, Omi Jindal, and Devendra K. Bhardwaj. "Sigma-lead Male-to-Female Gender Affirmation Surgery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 7, no. 4 (April 2019): e2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000002169.

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14

Xu, Guogang, Taiyi Jin, Xuezhi Jiang, and Gunnar Nordberg. "Serum Calmodulin Activity in Male Lead-exposed Workers." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 3, no. 4 (October 1997): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/oeh.1997.3.4.249.

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15

Saronee, F., D. Dan-Jumbo, and P. Azosibe. "Aphrodisiac properties of Craterispemum schweinfurthi Leaf Extract in Lead Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 5 (May 24, 2024): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i5.23.

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The current study was designed to evaluate the aphrodisiac properties of Craterispemum schweinfurthi leaf extract in lead induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats using appropriate standard techniques. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups and daily treated with different concentrations of extract and phytosterol only. Compared to group 1 (Control) rats, significantly higher values of mount, intromission, ejaculatory latencies as well as post ejaculatory interval and decreased values of mount, intromission and ejaculatory frequencies were observed amongst group 2 (2.25mg/kg Lead only) rats (p<0.05), following treatment with 2.25mg/kg body weight of lead acetate; suggesting a possible anti-fertility effect of lead in male Wistar rats. However, significantly lower values of mount, intromission, ejaculatory latencies and post ejaculatory interval and higher values of mount, intromission and ejaculatory frequencies were observed following the administration of the leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi at 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 750mg/kg body weight doses amongst groups 3, 4 and 5 rats compare to group 2 (2.25mg/kg Lead only) rats (p<0.05), indicating a possible mitigating effect of the extract against lead induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Craterispermum schweinfurthi improves appetitive and precopulatory components of sexual behavior like sexual excitement, arousal and libido; indicating intense and sustained sexual activity.

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16

Min, Young-Sun, and Yeon-Soon Ahn. "The association between blood lead levels and cardiovascular diseases among lead-exposed male workers." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 43, no. 4 (March 17, 2017): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3631.

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17

Al Zhrani, Mohammed, Mohammed Mubarak, Hassan Ahmed Rudayni, and Mohammed Al Eissa. "Effect of the Nutritional Supplement Synertox on Lead - Induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23126135704.

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18

&NA;. "Fetal estrogen exposure may lead to male reproductive disorders." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 456 (June 1993): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304560-00010.

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19

Benoff, S. "Male infertility and environmental exposure to lead and cadmium." Human Reproduction Update 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/6.2.107.

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20

Massie, Harold R., and Valerie R. Aiello. "Lead Accumulation in the Bones of Aging Male Mice." Gerontology 38, no. 1-2 (1992): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000213302.

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21

Louw, Alyssa, and Aimee Louw. "Following women's lead: Male involvement in violence prevention programming." Agenda 29, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2015.1057976.

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22

Tariba Lovaković, Blanka. "Cadmium, arsenic, and lead: elements affecting male reproductive health." Current Opinion in Toxicology 19 (February 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2019.09.005.

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23

Musser, Terry, Tanja St. Pierre, Douglas Wilson, and Marion Schwartz. "Experiences of Male Undergraduates That Lead to Academic Failure." NACADA Journal 37, no. 1 (January 2017): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/nacada-15-037.

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24

Streit, Bruno, Martin Plath, Lisa Padur, Öznur Öztürk, Ralph Tiedemann, and Juliane Wedekind. "Do audience effects lead to relaxed male sexual harassment?" Behaviour 146, no. 12 (2009): 1739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579509x12483520922124.

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25

Othman, Azza I., and Mohammed A. El Missiry. "Role of selenium against lead toxicity in male rats." Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 12, no. 6 (1998): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:6<345::aid-jbt4>3.0.co;2-v.

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26

Smith, Duane M., Howard W. Mielke, and James B. Heneghan. "Subchronic lead feeding study in male rats and micropigs." Environmental Toxicology 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20448.

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27

Reilly, Robert, Susan Spalding, Brad Walsh, Jeanne Wainer, Sue Pickens, Marcene Royster, John Villanacci, and Bert B. Little. "Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122875.

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Background: We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans—a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. Methods: A two-phase health screening was conducted. Phase II included a physical examination and laboratory tests. Study subjects were African Americans residents, aged ≥19 years to ≤89 years. Of 778 subjects, 726 were environmentally exposed and 52 were both occupationally and environmentally exposed. The effects of lead exposure on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were examined in three groups: male and female smelter-community residents, as well as males with both occupational and environmental exposure. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the dependence of eGFR on log (blood lead level), duration of residence in the community, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Results: There was a statistically significant negative effect on kidney function for all three groups. Comparison of female and male residents showed a slightly larger negative effect of blood lead level on eGFR in females versus males, with the largest effect seen in male smelter-working residents. For each unit increase (log10 10µg/dL = 1) in blood lead level, age-adjusted eGFR was reduced 21.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male residents, 25.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in female residents and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male smelter-working residents. Conclusions: Chronic lead exposure is associated with worsening kidney function in both African American male and female residents, as well as male workers in Dallas smelter communities. This effect is slightly, but not statistically significantly, worse in female residents than male residents, and significantly worse in males that both worked and resided in the smelter community.

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28

Amalia, Zaky Dzulhiza Hawin, Endang Fauziati, and Sri Marmanto. "Male and female students' uptake in responding to oral corrective feedback." Journal on English as a Foreign Language 9, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v9i1.1047.

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<p>This study aims at investigating male and female students’ ‘uptake’ to the lecturer’s oral corrective feedback (OCF). This study used a qualitative method using a case study design. Thirty-nine students in the English Education Department participated in this study. They consisted of eleven male students and twenty-eight female students. All participants in this study were taking Survival Speaking class. The data were collected through observation of six hours of speaking classroom interaction. It was then analyzed through three stages: data condensation, data displays and drawing conclusion, and verification<strong>.</strong> The findings revealed that explicit correction is the most widely used and leads to the most amount of repair. The data obtained from the male students show that explicit correction leads to uptake with repair, whereas the four implicit feedback strategies i.e. clarification request, metalinguistic feedback, elicitation, and repetition mostly lead to uptake with need-repair. Furthermore, the data obtained from the female students show that explicit correction, recast, and metalinguistic feedback mostly lead to uptake with repair, whereas clarification request, elicitation, and repetition mostly lead to uptake with need-repair. Hence, the results of this study will show us which type of oral corrective feedback induces successful feedback and uptake.</p>

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29

Pinon-Lataillade, G., A. Thoreux-Manlay, H. Coffigny, R. Masse, and J.-C. Soufir. "Reproductive toxicity of chronic lead exposure in male and female mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 11 (November 1995): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501401103.

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The reproductive toxicity of lead was investigated in NMRI mice exposed to 0.5% lead acetate in drinking water from day 1 of intra-uterine life until 60 days after birth. Compared with control mice, the weights of lead- exposed fetuses and subsequently of the lead-exposed weaned pups, male and female, diminished by 11 and 13% respectively. The lead-exposed male and female offspring of lead-exposed dams were mated with unexposed females and males, to examine the effect of lead exposure on reproductive function. Male fertility was not affected but reduced female fertility was observed: litters were smaller and a smaller number of implantation sites was found in lead-exposed females. In lead-exposed males, the weights of the body, testes and epididymes diminished by about 13%, and seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights, by about 29%. Testicular histology and the number and mor phology of epididymal spermatozoa were normal. The lev els of plasma FSH, LH and testosterone, and of testicular testosterone, were not modified. These results suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis is not adverse ly affected by the above lead exposure, and that therefore the decreased seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights might not be the consequence of reduced testosterone lev els. The hypothesis that lead has a direct effect on these organs as well as a secondary effect resulting from possi bly reduced food consumption by lead-exposed mice can not be excluded. Consequently, in male NMRI mice, expo sure to lead might affect reproductive function by acting directly and/or indirectly on accessory sex organs.

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30

C, Muralidhar, Vijay S, and Sridhar I. "EFFECT OF LEAD ON MALE REPRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 3, no. 4 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijcbr.2017.34.13.

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31

Hwangbo, Young, Yong Bae Kim, Gap Soo Lee, Sung Soo Lee, Kyu Dong Ahn, and Byung Kook Lee. "A Study on Liver Function Indices in Male Lead Workers." Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 14, no. 3 (2002): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.270.

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32

Brito, MaximoO. "Male circumcision and HIV: Do all roads lead to Rome?" Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-777x.93748.

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33

Suzan A. Wadi, Ghayasuddin Ahmad. "EFFECTS OF LEAD ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MICE." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 56, no. 7 (March 25, 1999): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841099157953.

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34

Ng, T. P., H. H. Goh, Y. L. Ng, H. Y. Ong, C. N. Ong, K. S. Chia, S. E. Chia, and J. Jeyaratnam. "Male endocrine functions in workers with moderate exposure to lead." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.48.7.485.

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35

Bonde, J. P. "Any need to revisit the male reproductive toxicity of lead?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.016543.

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36

Iavicoli, I., and G. Carelli. "123 Immunotoxic effects of lead acetate in male swiss mice." Toxicology Letters 144 (September 2003): s36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90122-6.

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37

Ibrahim, Nabil M., Esam A. Eweis, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, and Yasmin E. Abdel-Mobdy. "Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60187-1.

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38

Hamel, Jennifer A., Savannah A. Nease, and Christine W. Miller. "Male mate choice and female receptivity lead to reproductive interference." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69, no. 6 (April 2, 2015): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1907-z.

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39

Berry Jr, Wallace D., C. Michael Moriarty, and Yuen-Sum Lau. "Lead Attenuation of Episodic Growth Hormone Secretion in Male Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810252866060.

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40

Gennart, Jean-Philippe, Jean-Pierre Buchet, Harry Roels, Patrick Ghyselen, Edgard Ceulemans, and Robert Lauwerys. "Fertility of Male Workers Exposed to Cadmium, Lead, or Manganese." American Journal of Epidemiology 135, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 1208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116227.

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41

Piasek, Martina, and Krista Kostial. "Effect of exposure to lead on reproduction in male rats." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39, no. 3 (September 1987): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01688309.

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42

Guarino, Michael, Pamela Fridrich, and Sarah Sitton. "Male and Female Conformity in Eating Behavior." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.603.

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An observational methodology was used to evaluate the differences between men's and women's conformity to a single source of influence. A total of 226 adults (115 men and 111 women) were observed in three cafeteria settings. Diners eating in pairs in which the lead diner selected a dessert were identified based on their sex and their position in dyad. The sex of the lead person (the model), the sex of following person (the subject), and whether the following person conformed to the lead by selecting a dessert were recorded. Analysis indicated a significant difference between men's and women's willingness to conform to one model. Women conformed more often than men when the models were male or female. Moreover, compared with men, they showed an even stronger tendency to conform to the behavior of a same-gender model.

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43

Dorostghoal, Mehran, Seyyed Mansour Seyyednejad, and Marzieh Noroozi Tabrizi Nejad. "Cichorium intybus L. extract ameliorates testicular oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in male rats." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.03496.

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Objective: Oxidative stress has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity on male reproduction. Cichorium intybus L. is used in Iranian folk medicine as a hepatoprotective agent as well as for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The present study was performed to investigate whether the ethanolic extract of C. intybus leaves could protect male rats against lead-induced testicular oxidative stress.Methods: In this experimental study, adult Wistar rats were treated with 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water alone or with 50, 100, or 200 mg/ kg body weight of C. intybus extract via gavage once daily for 70 days. The weight of their reproductive organs, levels of serum hormones, histometric parameters of the seminiferous tubules, epidydimal sperm quality, and oxidative stress status were evaluated.Results: The testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epididymal sperm count, serum testosterone level, and testicular levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of malondialdehyde were observed in the lead-exposed group compared to the control. However, the co-administration of C. intybus ethanolic extract in lead-treated rats was associated with a significant improvement in reproductive parameters.Conclusion: We conclude that C. intybus leaf extract has the potential to prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity and to suppress the adverse effects of lead on male reproductive health.

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MANNEM, PRATAP. "Lead Toxicity on Kidney Antioxidant Enzymes with The Protective Role of Ginger in Male Albino Rats." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2014/4.

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45

Harmoko, Afandi Dwi, and Heru Sulastomo. "Lewis Lead: Reveal the Hidden P Wave." Indonesian Journal of Cardiology 42, no. 4 (June 13, 2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1165.

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Background. The Lewis lead configuration can help to detect atrial activity and its relationship to ventricular activity, so diagnosis can be achieved more accurately. With Lewis lead ECG, it will make easier to make a diagnosis, especially in identifying electrical activity in the atrium. Case Illustration. Case 1. A 61-year-old male with decreased consciousness et causa metabolic. From a standard 12-lead ECG, the P waves are difficult to identify, and at first glance it looks like atrial fibrillation. From the Lewis ECG in lead I, it appears that the QRS wave is always preceded by a P wave, with different morphologies (more than 3 forms), that showed as multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) with a heart rate of 120 beats / minute. Case 2. The 58-year-old male patient complained of typical ischemic chest pain and palpitations. A standard 12 lead ECG examination revealed a rhythmic tachycardia with a wide QRS wave at a rate of 210 beats / minute. From the Lewis ECG in lead I, we can see that the P waves that appear are not always followed by QRS. Thus, it can be seen that the AV dissociation is a VT so that VT management can be done immediately. Case 3. A 65-year-old male patient diagnosed with grade 5 CKD on dialysis. From a standard 12 lead ECG examination, a wide QRS wave with a P wave is obtained which is sometimes seen behind the QRS wave, making the diagnosis difficult to establish. From the Lewis ECG in lead I, it appears that the P wave always appears at the end of the QRS wave, so it can be seen that the rhythm from the ECG is derived from accelerated idioventricular rhythm with ventriculoatrial conduction. Conclusion. The accuracy of ECG interpretation is needed to determine the next treatment for the patient. Through the ECG examination with the Lewis lead method, the cardiac electrical activity will be more visible, so it will be very helpful in the interpretation of the ECG in cases that are not clear on the standard 12 lead ECG examination.

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46

Nkpurukwe, Constance I., Chibuike Obiandu, Bright I. Owhorji, Abiye Tamuno Opubo, Adesua C. Obiandu, and Karibo Okari. "Improvement in some Reproductive Parameters of Male Wistar Rats Administered with Leaf Extract of Eugenia uniflora." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i05.020.

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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanol leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora on lead-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. The male rats used for the study were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I was the negative control group which received no treatment. Group II was the positive control which received 5 mg/kg BW Lead daily, while Group III received 5 mg/kg BW of Lead and 200mg/kg BW of extract., Group IV received 5 mg/kg BW of Lead and 400mg/kg BW of extract and group V received 5 mg/kg BW of Lead and 800mg/kg BW of extract. The administration was by oral gavage once daily for 30 days. At the end, animals were sacrificed under light chloroform anesthesia. Blood samples were collected into plain bottles for hormonal assay. The epidydimis was located with a small incision on the abdomen and semen sample was collected for analysis of sperm parameters. The data was analysed by applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS version 23 software. Results of this study showed that extract of Eugenia uniflora significantly increased the level of serum testosterone and the percentages of viable sperm cells, sperm cells with normal morphology and actively motile sperm cells as well as, sperm count. The extract ameliorated lead induced reproductive toxicity. The result therefore, show that the extract improves sperm quality and quantity and protects the male reproductive function from the hazardous effect of environmental toxicants such as lead.

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47

Maresky, Leon S., and Sias R. Groblerl. "Unusually High Circumpulpal Lead Concentrations as Valid Evidence of Lead Intoxication." Human Toxicology 6, no. 6 (November 1987): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718700600604.

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A case is reported of a 59-year-old male who had been employed continuously as a motor technician for 32 years. During the latter period of his employment he gradually developed a number of the signs and symptoms typically manifested by persons suffering from lead intoxication. Five years after the termination of his employment, the lead content in the circumpulpal dentine of 2 of his teeth was determined and found to be more than 7 times higher than that of the controls. Thus, the probability of lead intoxication is supported very strongly.

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48

Yoon, Jin-Ha, and Yeon-Soon Ahn. "The association between blood lead level and clinical mental disorders in fifty thousand lead-exposed male workers." Journal of Affective Disorders 190 (January 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.030.

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Augusto Tocchini de Figueiredo, Fellipe, Raquel Fernanda Gerlach, Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga, Flavio Venancio Nakadi, Junia Ramos, Erika Reiko Kawakita, Carolina de Souza Guerra, and João Paulo Mardegan Issa. "Reduced Bone and Body Mass in Young Male Rats Exposed to Lead." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/571065.

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The aim of this study was to see whether there would be differences in whole blood versus tibia lead concentrations over time in growing rats prenatally. Lead was given in the drinking water at 30 mg/L from the time the dams were pregnant until offspring was 28- or 60-day-old. Concentrations of lead were measured in whole blood and in tibia after 28 (28D) and 60 days (60D) in control (C) and in lead-exposed animals (Pb). Lead measurements were made by GF-AAS. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the concentration of whole blood lead between Pb-28D (8.0±1.1 μg/dL) and Pb-60D (7.2±0.89 μg/dL), while both significantly varied (P<0.01) from controls (0.2 μg/dL). Bone lead concentrations significantly varied between the Pb-28D (8.02±1.12 μg/g) and the Pb-60D (43.3±13.26 μg/g) lead-exposed groups (P<0.01), while those exposed groups were also significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the 28D and 60D control groups (Pb < 1 μg/g). The Pb-60D group showed a 25% decrease in tibia mass as compared to the respective control. The five times higher amount of lead found in the bone of older animals (Pb-60D versus Pb-28D), which reinforces the importance of using bone lead as an exposure biomarker.

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V. Rosen, Allison, Sahil Koppikar, Catherine Shaw, and Adrian Baranchuk. "Common ECG Lead Placement Errors. Part I: Limb lead Reversals." International Journal of Medical Students 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2014): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2014.95.

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Background: Electrocardiography is a very useful diagnostic tool. However, errors in placement of ECG leads can create artifacts, mimic pathologies, and hinder proper ECG interpretation. This is the second of a two-part series discussing how to recognize and avoid these errors. Methods: 12-lead ECGs were recorded in a single male healthy subject in his mid 20s. Various precordial lead misplacements were compared to ECG recordings from correct lead placement. Results: Precordial misplacements caused classical changes in ECG patterns. Techniques of differentiating these ECG patterns from true pathological findings were described. Conclusion: As in Part I of this series, recognition and interpretation of common ECG placement errors is critical in providing optimal patient care.

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