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Journal articles on the topic 'Male genital tract ultrasound'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Lotti, F., and M. Maggi. "Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health." Human Reproduction Update 21, no. 1 (July 19, 2014): 56–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu042.

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2

Maggi, Mario, Elisabetta Baldi, Francesco Lotti, Lara Tamburrino, Sara Marchiani, Elisa Maseroli, Pasquale Vitale, Gianni Forti, and Monica Muratori. "DNA fragmentation in two cytometric sperm populations: relationship with clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the male genital tract." Asian Journal of Andrology 19, no. 3 (2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1008-682x.174854.

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3

Grigoriu, Corina, Alice Negru, Gina Calinescu, Andra Magdalena Balan, Lucica Elena Eddan-Visan, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Irina Balescu, et al. "Diagnosis of non-neoplastic endocervical diseases." Romanian Medical Journal 68, S6 (December 30, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2021.s6.12.

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Endocervical pathology is commonly encountered in daily outpatient gynecological practice and is apparently simple to diagnose. Remote resonance of untreated endocervical pathologies, however, indicates difficulties in detection and perhaps even in treatment. The role of the endocervix is that of boundary between the lower genital tract and the upper genital tract, that is between an environment rich in microorganisms and the almost sterile endometrium and endosalpinx. The major barrier role belongs to the cervical mucus. Non-neoplastic pathology of the endocervix is systematically discussed, as follows: endocervicitis, Naboth cysts, endocervical polyps, cervical endometriosis, cervical fibroids, cervical stenoses, glandular preneoplastic lesions and adenocarcinoma in situ. Some notions of anatomy and histology are briefly reviewed. Endocervical pathology is varied. It can be correctly diagnosed starting from the clinical picture, completed with laboratory investigations, bacteriological examinations, exfoliative cytology, molecular tests for the diagnosis of HPV infection, colposcopy, but also by thorough ultrasound examinations. Ultrasound examination of the cervix should be part of the routine examination, because its systematic evaluation can make a significant contribution to refining the diagnosis.

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4

Rashid, Farhana Binte, and Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad. "Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma (PFTC), A Rare Malignancy of Female Genital Tract." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 38, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v38i1.44689.

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Background: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is one of the rarest malignancies of female genital tract. It represents <1% of all gynecologic malignancies. Preoperative diagnosis is uncommon due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. In most cases diagnosis is made during surgery or histological examination. Rarity of this type of carcinoma prompted us to report it as individual case. Case: A 40-yearold parous women presented with bilateral PFTC. The patient gave a history of lower abdominal and pelvic pain for 2 years on several occasions. An abdominal ultrasound finding showed an adnexal mass and her CA125 level was 30IU/ml (normal- <35IU/ml). Clinically she was suspected as a case of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). She underwent Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy. Intraoperative findings were consistent with PID. Final pathologic analysis showed bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma —well differentiated serous adenocarcinoma. Post operatively she was referred for oncological management. Conclusion: Malignancy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PID especially in premenopausal age and intraoperative frozen section biopsy is crucial to make correct diagnosis and to allow appropriate surgical staging. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 49-52

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5

Lotti, F., H. Behre, F. Francavilla, A. Isidori, S. Kliesch, S. La Vignera, M. Punab, et al. "HP-04-003 Definition of ultrasound reference values for the organs of the male genital tract: The European Academy of Andrology ultrasound project on fertile men." Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 5 (May 2019): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.132.

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6

Tambella, Adolfo Maria, Stefano Martin, Matteo Cerquetella, Daniele Spaziante, Angela Palumbo Piccionello, Andrea Marchegiani, Umberto Faccenda, and Giacomo Rossi. "Unilateral Urogenital Disontogeny in a Dog." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2021 (April 13, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8831551.

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The purpose of this report was to describe an uncommon congenital anomaly in a dog. An 8-year-old, mixed-breed, male dog, was referred because of progressive difficulties on defecation. A complete diagnostic work-up (hematological analysis, radiology, ultrasound, and computed tomography), followed by surgery and histopathology, allowed us to diagnose the condition as unilateral urogenital disontogeny. The disorder was characterized by unilateral anomalies of the urinary tract (ectopic and dilated hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and renal dysplasia) associated with ipsilateral anomalies of the genital system (partial permanence of the duct of Wolff evolved into an epididymal-like structure and testicular agenesis). En bloc surgical excision of the complex of urogenital anomalies was performed with no complications during or after surgery. Surgery was considered to be effective in this dog since he no longer showed clinical signs of illness.

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7

Resende, H. L., M. T. Carmo, and M. A. Alvarenga. "274 USE OF DOPPLER ULTRASOUND FOR EQUINE FETAL SEX DETERMINATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab274.

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Fetal sex determination in horses is increasingly practiced because of commercial interests, such as obtaining offspring of a desired sex. However, in the last several years, the sex determination technique has been done exclusively by genital tubercle evaluation (55 to 70 days of pregnancy), and it has begun to be done more frequently in horses through evaluation of the fetal gonad (100 to 160 days of pregnancy) because of the difficulties of finding the genital tubercle and the large size of the fetal gonad around 4 months of pregnancy. Doppler ultrasound constitutes a practical, effective, and non-invasive technique for real-time blood flow evaluation of the reproductive tract in horses. The aim of this work was to compare two methods of ultrasound to diagnose equine fetal sex between 100 and 140 days and between 140 and 160 days. Evaluations were performed in 112 pregnant mares between 100 and 160 days of pregnancy using B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound (My Laboratory Five®, Esaote, Nutricell, Campinas, São Paulo) transrectally. The accuracy of sex identification by ultrasound was successfully tested after birth in all the fetuses analysed (44 females and 68 males). By B-mode ultrasound, it was possible to visualise the gonad in all fetuses (44/44) of females between 100 and 160 days of pregnancy. In males, during the period of 100 to 140 days of pregnancy, gonads and mediastinum were observed in all male fetuses (48/48) of evaluations, and between 141 and 160 days of pregnancy, gonads were detected in 100% (20/20) of fetuses and the mediastinum was detected in 30% (6/20). With colour Doppler ultrasound, the vascularization of the female gonad (between the cortical and medullary zones) was observed in 100% (44/44) of females. In males, between 100 and 120 days of pregnancy, the vascularization of the pampiniform plexus and testicular vein were observed in 100% (28/28) of cases. During the period between 121 and 140 days, vascularization of the pampiniform plexus was observed in 100% (20/20) of the fetuses, and vascularization of the testicular vein was observed in 90% (18/20). When evaluated between 141 and 160 days of pregnancy, vascularization of the pampiniform plexus was detected in 100% (20/29) of male fetuses and vascularization of the testicular vein was detected in 80% (8/10). There was no statistical difference between results obtained with B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound. Both techniques had high accuracy for equine fetal sex determination. However, according to information from the operators, the colour Doppler ultrasound allowed for a faster and more practical exam because visualisation of tissue blood perfusion facilitated the anatomical assessment of fetal structures. In summary, colour Doppler ultrasound is an effective technique for equine fetal sex determination between 100 and 160 days of pregnancy.

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8

Kim, Do Young, Gina Nam, Sa Ra Lee, Sung Hoon Kim, Hee Dong Chae, and Byung Moon Kang. "Congenital Obstructive Müllerian Anomaly: The Pitfalls of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Diagnosis and the Importance of Intraoperative Biopsy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112414.

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A retrospective cohort study of the concordance between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and final diagnosis in patients with Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) was conducted, and diagnostic clues were suggested. A total of 463 cases of young women who underwent pelvic MRIs from January 1995 to February 2019 at Seoul Asan Medical Center were reviewed. Interventions consisted of clinical examinations, abdominal or transvaginal/rectal ultrasound, MRI, and operative procedures, including hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. The concordance of the diagnosis between the results obtained with MRI and those obtained with surgeries was evaluated. It was found that a total of 225 cases (48.6%) showed genital tract anomalies on MRI. Among them, 105 cases (46.7%) underwent reconstructive surgery. Nineteen cases (8.4%) revealed discrepancies between the final diagnosis after surgery and the initial MRI findings and eleven cases (57.9%) had cervical anomalies. Incorrect findings associated with the MRIs were particularly evident in biopsied cases of cervical dysgenesis. A combination of physical examination, ultrasound, and MRI is suitable for preoperative work-up in the diagnoses of congenital obstructive anomalies. However, it is recommended that a pathologic confirmation of tissue at the caudal leading edge be made in obstructive genital anomalies, in cases of presumptive vaginal or cervical dysgenesis.

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9

Dell'Atti, Lucio, Daniele Cantoro, Guevar Maselli, and Andrea Benedetto Galosi. "Distant subcutaneous spreading of Fournier’s gangrene: An unusual clinical identification by preoperative ultrasound study." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 89, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2017.3.238.

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We present here the first case of successful management via preoperative ultrasonographic (US) study to detect a distant spreading of Fournier’s gangrene (FG), which was happened in a 75-year-old man. US study showed the necrotizing infection in the periumbilical region distant 22 cm from the genital tract. A target incision of this periumbilical area and debridement of necrotic tissues was made. Computed tomography (CT) is superior to ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis of FG and support in surgical management, but a CT evaluation in patients with FG may be limited by the frequent presence of concurrent acute renal failure or patient hemodynamic instability. Ultrasonography is an ideal technique for evaluating patients in bedside settings and can be routinely used in an emergency.

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10

Kaplanoglu, M. "Treated with Hymen Sparing Surgery in Familial Imperforate Hymen." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.5.1040.

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Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital female genital tract obstructive pathology. Although It is generally sporadic and isolated, very rare familial occurrence cases have been published in the literature. We present a rare case of the familial occurrence of IH and its surgical treatment. This case was admitted to our clinic with chronic pelvic pain, difficulty urination and pelvic mass. After the gynecologic examination and ultrasound view, the diagnosis of IH was made. Her sister who two years older than she had been previously evaluated for amenorrhea and her sister had undergone surgical procedures for IH. Because of Hymen is an important symbol of virginity in family culture, hymen sparing surgery was performed. The familial occurrence of IH is a rare condition and very few reported cases in the literature. Hymenectomy can cause social retraction in cases therefore hymen sparing surgery is an important surgery, especially Muslim cultures.

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11

Kaplanoglu, M. "Treated with Hymen Sparing Surgery in Familial Imperforate Hymen." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.5.1040.

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Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital female genital tract obstructive pathology. Although It is generally sporadic and isolated, very rare familial occurrence cases have been published in the literature. We present a rare case of the familial occurrence of IH and its surgical treatment. This case was admitted to our clinic with chronic pelvic pain, difficulty urination and pelvic mass. After the gynecologic examination and ultrasound view, the diagnosis of IH was made. Her sister who two years older than she had been previously evaluated for amenorrhea and her sister had undergone surgical procedures for IH. Because of Hymen is an important symbol of virginity in family culture, hymen sparing surgery was performed. The familial occurrence of IH is a rare condition and very few reported cases in the literature. Hymenectomy can cause social retraction in cases therefore hymen sparing surgery is an important surgery, especially Muslim cultures.

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12

Vodušek, David B. "Urogenital dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 21, S2 (June 2009): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800032658.

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Abstract:The occurrence of urogenital dysfunction as an isolated early symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, but the prevalence thereof becomes high with progression of disease. Lower urinary tract dysfunction may add to the cause of death (particularly through urinary infections), but both urinary and sexual dysfunction significantly affect quality of life of patients.Both storage and evacuation of urine may be affected by MS, and ultimatively the functional diagnosis can only be made by urodynamic testing. As upper urinary tract affection is, however, rare (and can be prevented by timely ultrasound imaging), a first stage diagnostics in the MS center by the neurologist and specialized nurse is appropriate. History, urine tests and post void residual urine determination (preferably by ultrasound) should provide necessary data for treatment of infections, and also symptomatic management of frequency, urgency and incontinence by bladder training, anticholinergics, and intermittent self catheterization (as indicated); the referral to urologist may be reserved for patients who fail first line treatment. Treatment in the late stages of MS is as yet little researched, but eventually a suprapubic catheter is the preferred method of bladder emptying. Sexual dysfunction should be actively sought in MS patients (in men erectile and ejaculation dysfunction, in women deficient lubrication and genital hyper- or hyposensitivity are frequent). Clinical examination contributes little to clarification of neurogenic sexual dysfunction, but defines the extent of other deficits due to MS, which may be relevant for sexual counseling (spasticity, sensory loss). Sildenafil has been demonstrated to be effective in treatment of men, but not in women. Other management options exist, and the doctor and nurse in the MS center should be proactive in providing first line counseling and management.

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13

Elshani, Brikene, Heroid Arifi, and Armond Daci. "Microperforated Hymen Presenting Spontaneous Pregnancy with Cesarean Delivery and Hymenotomy Surgery: A Case Report." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.123.

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BACKGROUND: Female genital tract anomalies including imperforate hymen affect sexual life and fertility.CASE PRESENTATION: In the present case, we describe a pregnant woman diagnosed with imperforate hymen which never had penetrative vaginal sex. A 27–year-old married patient with 2 months of amenorrhea presented in a clinic without any other complications. Her history of difficult intercourse and prolonged menstrual flow were reported, and subsequent vaginal examination confirmed the diagnosis of imperforate hymen even though she claims to made pinhole surgery in hymen during puberty. Her urine pregnancy test was positive, and an ultrasound examination revealed 8.3 weeks pregnant. The pregnancy was followed up to 39.5 weeks when she entered in cesarean delivery in urgency. Due to perioperative complications in our study, a concomitant hymenotomy was successfully performed. The patient was discharged with the baby, and vaginal anatomy was restored.CONCLUSIONS: This case study suggests that even though as microperforated hymen surgery in puberty can permit pregnancy and intervention with cesarean section and hymenotomy is a good option to reduce the resulting perioperative complications which indirectly affect the increase of the fertilisation and improvement of later sexual life.

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14

Yadav, Rajni, Partheeban Balasundaram, Asit R. Mridha, Venkateswaran K. Iyer, and Sandeep R. Mathur. "Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Diagnosis of two cases on fine needle aspiration cytology." CytoJournal 13 (January 28, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.173588.

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Lymphoma of the female genital tract is a rare condition. Involvement of the ovary by non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is usually secondary to systemic disease and primary ovarian lymphomas are unusual. In most cases, the diagnosis is not suspected initially and is confirmed only after detailed histopathological evaluation. We describe two cases of primary ovarian NHL which were diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). One of the patients was a 40 years old female who presented with abdominal distension and lump. She was found to have bilateral adnexal masses on ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan. A USG guided fine needle aspiration of the ovarian masses was performed, following which a diagnosis of primary ovarian diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was established. The second patient was a 14 years old female who presented with pelvic lump, which was lobulated and mildly enhancing on contrast enhanced CT. A diagnosis of high grade NHL of ovaries was made on cytology. Subsequently, the lymphoma was characterized as Burkitt's on histopathological examination. Both the patients were started on R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen. FNAC serves as an extremely useful minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis of ovarian lymphomas and early institution of appropriate chemotherapeutic regimens.

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15

Siebert, Joseph R., Joe C. Rutledge, and Raj P. Kapur. "Association of Cloacal Anomalies, Caudal Duplication, and Twinning." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 8, no. 3 (May 2005): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10024-005-1157-6.

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Cloacal anomalies exhibit a wide variety of morphologic types and accompanying clinical severity. The association of malformations of the cloaca with partial, complete, or conjoined twinning has been appreciated for some time, but, with the advent of prenatal ultrasound technology, appears to occur with a greater frequency than once thought. This observation has important implications for pathogenesis. We present 2 representative cases, a 19-week-old female fetus with duplication of several caudal structures and a 21-week-old male fetus with cloacal exstrophy variant and demised co-twin with lower abdominal wall defect, extruded intestinal tract, absent external genitalia, and imperforate anus. These findings and previously published theories suggest that certain models of monozygotic twinning may apply to the pathogenesis of cloacal anomalies. Specifically, the partial or complete duplication of the organizing center within a single embryonic disc may increase the risk of mesodermal insufficiency and thus account for the failure of complete development of the cloacal membrane and consequent exstrophy or other aberration.

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16

Aiudi, G., M. Albrizio, G. De Vico, A. Scirpo, S. Cristarella, and M. Cinone. "261 FERTILITY CONTROL BY GnRH ANALOGUES IN DOGS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab261.

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GnRH plays a pivotal role in reproduction by stimulating the release of gonadotrophins. Chemical substitutions in the GnRH molecule lead to analogues possessing antagonist or agonist activity (Paramo RM et al. 1993 J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 47, 387–397). The highly potent agonist analogue, Buserelin, with up to 20 times of potency, by increasing binding affinity, desensitizing competitive receptors, and resisting metabolic degradation, shuts down rather than stimulates reproductive function (Bertschinger HJ et al. 2001 J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 57, 275–283). In man, Buserelin is employed in several gonadal hormone-dependent diseases and for prostatic cancers. We suppress gonadal function in male dogs using Buserelin. Eight intact male German sheep dogs 20 months old were divided into two groups; A, 4 subjects treated for pharmacological castration (Buserelin acetate, 0.3 mg/each, s.c., every 8 h for 30 days) (Suprefact-Aventis Pharma, Italy); B, 4 subjects treated with placebo (NaCl, 0.9%, s.c., every 8 h for 30 days). Plasma testosterone concentrations were measured twice a week by RIA using commercial kits (Coat-A-Count, Los Angeles, USA). Clinical examination of the male genital tract was conducted by ultrasound monitoring. Before and after the pharmacological treatment, semen was collected and evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic parameters. After treatment, testicular specimens were collected by orchiectomy, fixed in Bouin's solution, and embedded in paraffin wax. Thin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. The presence of germ cells (spermatogonia to spermatozoa, Sertoli and Leydig cells number) were analyzed. Randomly selected fields of transverse and longitudinal sections of seminiferous tubules were observed and analyzed using a computer assisted image analyzer (MONO system, Italy). The images acquired were segmented and binarized in order to obtain the masks of the tubular profiles; the mean values of the area, major and minor axes, mean diameter, and perimeter occupied by the testicular tubules were calculated automatically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. After Buserelin, all dogs (group A) showed a reduction in testicular and prostatic diameters compared to group B. Azoospermia was observed in group A. Histological examination revealed a statistically significant cell reduction of the germinal line (spermatogonia and spermatocytes, P < 0.05; spermatids and spermatozoa, P < 0.001). GnRH pharmacological treatment induced a cessation of normal spermatogenesis at the spermatocyte level while no statistical difference in morphometric parameters of seminiferous tubules were observed. The basic testosterone level (3.2 ± 1.3 ng/mL) rose to 12 ± 3.7 ng/mL (21° day) and than shut down to 0.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL (30° day), giving a long-term suppression. The present study demonstrates that Buserelin is an anti-fertility agent that gives suppression of reproductive function in male dogs. The method may have a clinical application. The utilization of a Buserelin depot will be a successive step.

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17

Krstevska, Brankica, Sasha Jovanovska Mishevska, and Rubens Jovanovic. "Adenomatoid Tumor of the Adrenal Gland in Young Woman: From Clinical and Radiological to Pathological Study." Rare Tumors 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rt.2016.6506.

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Adenomatoid tumors are neoplasms of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the male and female genital tracts. Extragenital localization sites such as adrenal glands are rare but have been reported. When found in the adrenals, they represent great clinical, radiological and pathological diagnostic challenge, with wide range of differential diagnoses to be considered. We present a case of a 30 years old female, with incidental ultrasound finding of unilateral tumor in the right adrenal gland. Multi slices CT scan was of value in localizing this tumor, but not in the precise diagnosis. The tumor ranged from 5.6 cm to 6.4 cm in greatest diameter. Clinical and hormonal examinations excluded Sy. Cushing, M. Conn and pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. A large tumor (d: 8 × 7 × 3 cm) was removed showing no infiltration of the adrenal cortex or medulla, or extra-adrenal extension into the periadrenal adipose tissue. Histological examination showed numerous cystic spaces lined by flattened cubical epithelial cells. The small cystic spaces were separated by edematous fibrovascular stroma with rare epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining was positive with vimentin (+), S100 (+), MCA mesothelial Ag (+), CD 68 (+) and negative with acitin (-), CK7 (-), CD3 (-). Adenomatoid tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that should be added in the differential diagnosis of any adrenal tumor occurring in adrenal gland. The histological and immunohistochemical profiles of this adrenal adenomatoid tumor are very supportive in reaching the diagnosis of this benign tumor of a mesothelial cell origin, helping to avoid invasive treatment.

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18

Zhelezov, D. M. "OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIVE DELIVERY OF WOMEN IN LABOR WITH PLACENTA PREVIA." Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i3.12531.

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The aim – to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive ligation of uterine vessels during caesarean section in women with placenta previa. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Regional Perinatal Center and Maternity Hospital № 5 (Odessa) for 2000–2020 and performing the main stage of cesarean section after reducing perfusion in the placenta. Uterine ligation was performed after fetal removal. The volume of blood loss, the condition of the mother and fetus were monitored, and perinatal results were analyzed. Statistical processing was performed by methods of variance and frequency analysis using Statistica 13.0 software (TIBCO, USA). Results. The mean age of pregnant women was 33.4±1.2 years. The clinic of placenta previa during pregnancy was extremely scanty. As a rule, the diagnosis was made during ultrasound monitoring. In 16 (17.7 %) there was repeated bleeding from the genital tract without pain and increased uterine tone, with the development of anemia of moderate severity. Single bleeding was observed in 53 (58.9 %) women. Blood loss was 1380±112 ml in group I, 466±34 ml in group II (p<0.05). The frequency of anemia in the postoperative period was 38.0 % and 17.5 %, respectively (p<0.05). All newborns were discharged on the 5-7th day of the postpartum period in satisfactory condition. There were no cases of distress syndrome. Conclusions: 1. The method of control of blood loss during placenta previa by ligation of the uterine arteries is effective – blood loss was in group I 1380±112 ml, in group II – 466±34 ml (p<0,05). 2. The frequency of anemia in the postoperative period was 38.0 in group I and 17.5 % in group II (p<0.05).

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19

Benson, CB, PM Doubilet, and JP Richie. "Sonography of the male genital tract." American Journal of Roentgenology 153, no. 4 (October 1989): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.153.4.705.

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20

SOHAIL, MUHAMMAD R., PAUL E. ANDREWS, and JANIS E. BLAIR. "COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS OF THE MALE GENITAL TRACT." Journal of Urology 173, no. 6 (June 2005): 1978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000158455.24193.12.

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21

O'Donnell, Marie. "Tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 34, no. 10 (October 2016): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.07.004.

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22

O'Donnell, Marie. "Tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 37, no. 9 (September 2019): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2019.07.004.

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23

Anderson, Deborah J. "Male reproductive tract immune capacity and genital tract infections." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 34, no. 1 (August 1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0378(97)90377-6.

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24

Laskin, William B., John F. Fetsch, and F. Kash Mostofi. "Angiomyofibroblastomalike Tumor of the Male Genital Tract." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 22, no. 1 (January 1998): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199801000-00002.

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25

Davies, J. B., and F. C. Hamdy. "RE: SCHISTOSOMIASIS OF THE MALE GENITAL TRACT." Journal of Urology 160, no. 4 (October 1998): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62581-3.

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26

Martinez-Garcia, Francisco, Javier Regadera, Rodolfo Mayer, Susan Sanchez, and Manuel Nistal. "Protozoan Infections in the Male Genital Tract." Journal of Urology 156, no. 2 (August 1996): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65846-4.

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27

Sebbag, Gilbert, Hui Yan, Barry M. Shmookler, and Paul H. Sugarbaker. "Malignant mesothelioma of the male genital tract." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 6, no. 6 (November 2001): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-1439(01)00123-5.

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28

Chandrasekar, P., A. Tiwari, and B. Potluri. "Adenomatoid tumours of the male genital tract." European Urology Supplements 2, no. 1 (February 2003): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(03)80624-3.

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29

Lotti, Francesco, and Mario Maggi. "Interleukin 8 and the male genital tract." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 100, no. 1 (November 2013): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2013.02.004.

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30

Haidl, Gerhard, Friederike Haidl, Jean-Pierre Allam, and Hans-Christian Schuppe. "Therapeutic options in male genital tract inflammation." Andrologia 51, no. 3 (November 26, 2018): e13207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/and.13207.

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31

Witkin, Steven S., Jan Jeremias, Ann Marie Bongiovanni, and M. Gladys Munoz. "Immune regulation in the male genital tract." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 3 (1996): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-0997(1996)4:3<131::aid-idog5>3.0.co;2-3.

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32

Pillai, Satish K., Benjamin Good, Sergei Kosakovsky Pond, Joseph K. Wong, Matt C. Strain, Douglas D. Richman, and Davey M. Smith. "Semen-Specific Genetic Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env." Journal of Virology 79, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 1734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.3.1734-1742.2005.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the male genital tract may comprise virus produced locally in addition to virus transported from the circulation. Virus produced in the male genital tract may be genetically distinct, due to tissue-specific cellular characteristics and immunological pressures. HIV-1 env sequences derived from paired blood and semen samples from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database were analyzed to ascertain a male genital tract-specific viral signature. Machine learning algorithms could predict seminal tropism based on env sequences with accuracies exceeding 90%, suggesting that a strong genetic signature does exist for virus replicating in the male genital tract. Additionally, semen-derived viral populations exhibited constrained diversity (P < 0.05), decreased levels of positive selection (P < 0.025), decreased CXCR4 coreceptor utilization, and altered glycosylation patterns. Our analysis suggests that the male genital tract represents a distinct selective environment that contributes to the apparent genetic bottlenecks associated with the sexual transmission of HIV-1.

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Martínez, María Sol, Fernando Nicolás Ferreyra, Daniela Andrea Paira, and Ruben Darío Motrich. "Chronic inflammation of the male genital tract impairs male fertility." Placenta 122 (May 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.040.

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34

Bednar, Maria M., Blake M. Hauser, Li-Hua Ping, Elena Dukhovlinova, Shuntai Zhou, Kathryn T. Arrildt, Irving F. Hoffman, Joseph J. Eron, Myron S. Cohen, and Ronald Swanstrom. "R5 Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1 in the Male Genital Tract." Journal of Virology 89, no. 20 (July 29, 2015): 10688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01842-15.

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The entry tropism of HIV-1 Env proteins from virus isolated from the blood and genital tract of five men with compartmentalized lineages was determined. The Env proteins isolated from the genital tract of subject C018 were macrophage-tropic proteins, while the remaining clonedenvgenes encoded R5 T cell-tropic proteins. The detection of a macrophage-tropic lineage of HIV-1 within the male genital tract strongly suggests that evolution of macrophage-tropic viruses can occur in anatomically isolated sites outside the central nervous system.

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EL-DEMIRY, M. I. M., T. B. HARGREAVE, A. BUSUTTIL, K. JAMES, A. W. S. RITCHIE, and G. D. CHISHOLM. "Lymphocyte Sub-populations in the Male Genital Tract." British Journal of Urology 57, no. 6 (December 1985): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1985.tb07051.x.

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36

Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Nicolas Rochereau, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Frédéric Lucht, Bruno Pozzetto, Stéphane Paul, and Thomas Bourlet. "Humoral responses against HIV in male genital tract." AIDS 31, no. 8 (May 2017): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001460.

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37

Borkent, Art, Christopher J. Borkent, and Bradley J. Sinclair. "The male genital tract of Chaoboridae (Diptera: Culicomorpha)." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 6 (December 2008): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n08-048.

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AbstractThe male genital tract of Chaoboridae, represented by Eucorethra underwoodi Underwood, Mochlonyx velutinus (Ruthe), and Chaoborus trivittatus (Loew), is described for the first time. All genera have paired accessory glands that are attached anteriorly to the vasa deferentia or the base of the testes, a feature that is proposed as a synapomorphy of Chaoboridae + Culicidae. Mochlonyx Loew and Chaoborus Lichenstein have distinctive pigment cells covering their testes and a portion of the vasa deferentia. The simplified male genital tract of Corethrellidae + Chaoboridae + Culicidae is correlated with the virtually unique abrupt and permanent 180° rotation of the male genitalia between segments 7 and 8. In taxa with an accessory-gland complex, the male genitalia are rotated in a more gradual manner, often during copulation.

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Fleming, Stewart. "Pathology of Tumours of the Male Genital Tract." Surgery (Oxford) 20, no. 11 (November 2002): iii—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.20.11.0.14542.

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39

Kamal, Iffat, and Stewart Fleming. "Pathology of tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 23, no. 4 (April 2005): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.23.4.118.65329.

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40

Klein, David M., Stephen H. Wright, and Nathan J. Cherrington. "Xenobiotic transporter expression along the male genital tract." Reproductive Toxicology 47 (August 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.04.009.

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41

Kamal, Iffat, and Stewart Fleming. "Pathology of tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 26, no. 5 (May 2008): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2008.03.008.

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42

Tilley, Charles, and Jeffrey M. Theaker. "Pathology of tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 28, no. 12 (December 2010): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2010.09.002.

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Tilley, Charles, and Jeffrey M. Theaker. "Pathology of tumours of the male genital tract." Surgery (Oxford) 31, no. 10 (October 2013): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2013.08.007.

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44

Cornud, F., X. Belin, O. Hélénon, P. Melki, K. Hamida, and J. F. Moreau. "Color doppler sonography of the male genital tract." European Journal of Ultrasound 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-8266(96)00200-5.

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45

Nishi, Katsuji, Tatsushige Fukunaga, Yoshio Yamamoto, Mitsuko Yamada, Masateru Kane, Akio Tanegashima, Steven Rande, and Bernd Brinkmann. "ABH-related antigens in human male genital tract." International Journal Of Legal Medicine 105, no. 2 (August 1992): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02340827.

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Srigley, John R., Peter Toth, and Vern Edtoards. "Diagnostic Electron Microscopy of Male Genital Tract Tumors." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 1 (March 1987): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30765-0.

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47

ELSNER, PETER, and ALBERT A. HARTMANN. "Gardnerella vaginalis in the Male Upper Genital Tract." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-198704000-00015.

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48

Ganor, Yonatan, and Morgane Bomsel. "HIV-1 Transmission in the Male Genital Tract." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 65, no. 3 (November 28, 2010): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00933.x.

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49

Veresniuk, N., and V. Pyrohova. "Reproductive health disorders in patients with female genital tract malformations." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(153) (September 29, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.153.51.

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Female genital tract malformations are often a challenge not only for obstetricians and gynecologists, but also for doctors of other specialties. This pathology often leads to negative obstetric and perinatal consequences, the emergence of gynecological complications that significantly impair the quality of life of patients at different ages. The incidence of female genital abnormalities in the general female population ranges from 5.5 to 6.7% and is on average three times higher among patients with reproductive health disorders. The objective: to assess the frequency of reproductive disorders and determine the sequence of use of clinical and instrumental methods of examination in patients with female genital tract malformations. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective assessment of the relationship between menstrual disorders and the presence of female genital tract malformations. We observed 124 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of female genital tract malformations. The age of women ranged from 22 to 42 years. The diagnosis was based on complaints, medical history and life, as well as data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations. Results. The mean age of patients was 29.2±3.8 years. From the moment of the patient’s first visit to the gynecologist until the final verification of the diagnosis took from 6 months to 7 years. Dysmenorrhea occurred in 70.2% of patients with abnormalities in the development of the female genital organs, late menarche – in 12.1%, primary / secondary amenorrhea – in 11.3%, irregular menstrual cycle – in 9.7%, violation of the menstrual cycle – at 28.2%. The combination of female genital tract malformations with various defects of the urinary system occurred in 24 (19.4%) women. Conclusion. In 81.2% of patients from adolescence there were clinical manifestations associated with female genital tract malformations. Screening ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs and gynecological examination is shown to all girls aged 15 years. It is advisable to determine the karyotype in patients with primary / secondary amenorrhea. Renal ultrasound should be performed in all patients with suspected female genital tract malformations. In case of suspicion of ultrasound examination for abnormal development of the female genitals, patients before sexual intercourse are recommended to perform MRI examination; in the presence of sexual life with a preserved menstrual cycle, it is advisable in the second phase of the cycle to conduct transvaginal 3D ultrasound, which can be supplemented by MRI. Keywords: genital abnormalities, dysmenorrhea, menstrual function.

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Rowen, D. "Streptococci and the Genital Tract." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 2 (March 1993): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400201.

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Streptococci of Lancefield Group B (GBS) are known to cause maternal sepsis and neonatal infection, whereas streptococci Lancefield Group A (GAS) cause vulvo-vaginitis in both children and adults. Prevalence of SGB colonization of the lower genital tract of normal women is between 4–18%, with higher rates found in hospital personnel and delivery rooms. Such high carriage rates may be a significant factor in nosocomial transmission of GBS to neonates. Symptomatic infection is uncommon and usually secondary to other pathological states. Amnionitis is a complication of vaginal carriage of GBS and there is now evidence that chorioamnionitis is associated with pre-term labour and its attendant problems. GBS infection of the male genitalia has also been described. Intrapartum chemoprophylaxis has been shown to prevent early onset GBS disease of the neonate. Prevalence of GAS in the genital tract is lower than that for GBS, but is more likely to be symptomatic. The response to penicillin is usually prompt. Optimal drug regimens need to be determined, particularly for use in pregnancy.

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