Academic literature on the topic 'Male-gaze'

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Journal articles on the topic "Male-gaze"

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Wood, Mitchell J. "The Gay Male Gaze." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 17, no. 2 (August 2004): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v17n02_03.

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Pritchard, Annette, and Nigel J. Morgan. "Privileging the male gaze." Annals of Tourism Research 27, no. 4 (October 2000): 884–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00113-9.

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Goldin, Daniel. "A Male Glance at the “Male Gaze”." Psychoanalytic Inquiry 42, no. 7 (October 3, 2022): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2022.2121150.

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Ellis, Valerie. "Re-Viewing the Male Gaze." Afterimage 12, no. 6 (January 1, 1985): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1985.12.6.7.

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Ellis, Valerie. "Re-Viewing the Male Gaze." Afterimage 12, no. 6 (January 1, 1985): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1985.12.6.7.

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Karunianingsih, Diyah Ayu. "Kamera Sebagai Alat Operasi Male Gaze: Analisis Male Gaze dalam Film Horor “Pacar Hantu Perawan”." REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 12, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v12i1.1384.

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Abstrak Kehadiran perempuan dalam sebuah film horor dapat dilihat dari bagaimana perempuan direpresentasikan dan diposisikan. Film yang dianalisis adalah film horor berjudul Pacar Hantu Perawan. Menurut Lauretis teknik sinematik mengonstruksi perempuan sebagai objek hasrat pandangan bagi penonton dengan menggarisbawahi representasi tubuh perempuan sebagai sisi utama seksualitas dan kesenangan visual. Dalam tulisan ini dianalisis teknik sinematik terutama kamera dengan berbagai pilihan tipe pengambilan gambar (type of shot) yang digunakan. Analisis juga dilakukan terhadap teknik pencahayaan (lighting) dan pilihan kostum. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa teknik sinematik baik teknik pengambilan gambar (type of shot) maupun pencahayaan digunakan untuk melancarkan hasrat memandang laki-laki (male gaze) dan mengeksploitasi tubuh perempuan demi kesenangan visual. Kamera digunakan sebagai alat beroperasinya hasrat memandang (voyerist gaze). Perempuan diposisikan sebagai objek bagi pandangan laki-laki yang patuh terhadap tatapan mata kamera (tatapan mata laki-laki). Teknik sinematik mengonstuksi perempuan sebagai objek hasrat pandangan bagi orang-orang di balik produksi dan penonton.Kata kunci: male gaze, teknik sinematik, perempuan, objek seksualitas AbstractCamera as a Tool of Male Gaze Operations: The Analysis of Male Gaze in Horror Film “Pacar Hantu Perawan”. The presence of women in a horror movie can be seen from how women are represented and positioned. The title of The film being analyzed is ‘Pacar Hantu Perawan’. According to Lauretis, cinematic technique is used to construct women as an object of eyeing desire for the audience by highlighting the representation of the female body as the primary side of sexuality and visual pleasure. In this paper the cinematic techniques were analyzed, especially the camera with its various types of shooting. Analyses were also conducted on the technique of lightings and costume selection. The result of the analyses shows that the cinematic techniques, either the types of shots or the lightings were used to expedite the male gaze and exploit the female body for the sake of visual pleasure. The camera is used as an operating means of eyeing desire (voyeur gaze). Women were positioned as the objects of the male gaze adherent to the gaze of the camera (male gaze). Cinematic techniques constructed women as objects of male gaze for the people behind the production as well as the audience.Keywords:
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Long, Zeyi. "The Gendered Gaze on Social Media: the Female Gaze as Rebellion." BCP Education & Psychology 9 (March 29, 2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v9i.4607.

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The male gaze, according to Laura Mulvey, means a way to objectify and sexualize women from heterosexual male perspectives. The male gaze can be found in every woman's daily life and has extended to social media. Thus, a specific type of female gaze emerges on social media in order to resist the male gaze. This type of female gaze aims at judging men's appearance, figure, education level or social position aggressively, differing from the female gaze in its usual context. Most studies of the gendered gaze lie in the field of film, literature and art, so in order to fill the gap, this study tries to analyse the gendered gaze in the field of social media. Two cases are raised in this study, 1saye bikini gate and Rayza airport gate, and the comments concerning the gendered gaze are gathered. Using textual analysis as a method, this study analyses the different characteristics of the male gaze and the aggressive female gaze on social media. According to the characteristics, this study focuses on whether the aggressive female gaze on social media can launch a rebellion against the male gaze on social media. Because of the nature and the purpose of the aggressive female gaze on social media, this study regards it as impossible for this type of female gaze to truly become a solution and a rebellion.
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Fan, Xiaoyi. "An Analysis of the Correct Use of Female Gaze from the Perspective of Gaze Theory -- A Case study of Portrait of a Lady on Fire." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 21 (February 15, 2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v21i.3458.

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Feminism is currently popular, and there are an increasing number of feminist films attempting to promote this idea. Some scholars have expanded the theory of gaze into feministic fields, most notably Laura Mulvey, who proposed the concept of the male gaze. Following that, the theory of the female gaze was developed in response to the theory of the male gaze. However, the use of the female gaze in many films is incorrect, and the gaze theory lacks a clear definition of the female gaze. Using gaze theory, the study investigates the proper use of the female gaze in feministic films. First, the research points out some representations of the pseudo-female gaze: directors only change the protagonist's gender, transforming a male into a female with a female performing male functions; they maintain a male gaze while incorporating feminist themes; the portrayal of females is stereotypical and idealistic, not delving into their true inner thoughts. Then Taking the film Portrait of a Lady on Fire as an example, the outcome demonstrates that the correct female gaze used in films has the following characteristics: Characters can be aware of and object to the gaze; It is the gaze as equal seeing; It is the gaze that focuses on the feelings and experiences of the characters. All these characteristics can be used in future feministic films to help improve audiences' understanding of the female gaze and to help get rid of the pseudo-female gaze in films.
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Zhang, Jingru. "The Influence of the Male Gaze on Womens Careers on Social Media in China." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022309.

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The male gaze is a concept that has always existed in society and has been gradually recognized and discussed by Chinese people in recent years. On Weibo, there are plenty of cases and topics about the male gaze. Researchers have found that the male gaze on Weibo can affect womens careers in some way. Therefore, this paper analyzes and summarizes the cases and comments on Weibo to explore how the male gaze on Weibo affects womens careers. The article found that the male gaze has characteristics: extreme, aggressive, and double standard on Weibo, and these characteristics show the means of the male gaze affecting womens careers, affecting women through negative comments, and causing a blow to womens careers. These characteristics come from mens desire for power and oppression of women under the patriarchal social structure. Therefore, if women want to get rid of this kind of influence, they need to be encouraged to make bold resistance to the oppression of the whole patriarchal society.
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Snow, Edward. "Theorizing the Male Gaze: Some Problems." Representations 25, no. 1 (January 1989): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.1989.25.1.99p0256r.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Male-gaze"

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Cohanim, Samira. "A Glance at the Male Gaze." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/513.

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The purpose of this paper is to understand and criticize the representation of women in advertisements. I examine the opposing yet similar ways that women are portrayed in Dove and Axe advertisements, two brands of Unilever. This paper analyzes the way in which brands market their products in such a way to appeal to a gendered audience. I also explore the history of how women have been depicted in art movements such as Surrealism, detournement and culture jamming, corresponding with my project of digital mixed media advertisements. I examine the way in which the prevalence of the male gaze in the media hinders progression to a less dependent, inferior, and sexualized view of women in advertising.
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Wiklund, Alexis. "The Male Gaze som retorisktverktyg : En utredande litteraturstudie över hur the Male Gaze kan användas inom retorikvetenskapen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22981.

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The thought behind this bachelor essay regarding gender and rhetorical feminist criticism developed years ago out of the fact that I read just a little too many dirty chick lit-pockets as a teen. Those chick lit-pockets were my first introduction to sex, to gender roles, to how men and women react and are supposed to react to each other and, in some sense, even to feminism. Those chick lit-pockets, later turning into hardcore Harlequin-books, became my benchmark when I started to contemplate the fact that this is a man’s world, produced and reproduced by a male gaze which influences everything from sex, porn, advertising, gender roles, jobs and payment to dirty pockets for teenage girls. The essays aims to show how the male gaze-phenomenon could be to use for the rhetoric discipline: first combined with other rhetorical theories as a way to analyze and understand gender and objectification. The main question asked; How to put the male gaze on a rhetorical leash? This bachelor essay consists of a qualitative literature study focusing on four articles and one book in which five different male gaze-perspective appears. Every article presented will be followed by an explicative chapter in which the articles, specific male gaze- perspective will be combined with relevant rhetorical theories and applied to pop cultural example cases in order to demonstrate its academic potential. The conclusion of this essay establishes that the rhetorical discipline indeed could have great use of the male gaze-perspective while analyzing different kinds of artifacts, if combined with different kinds of methods. It confirms that it is possible to put the male gaze on a rhetorical leash and explains five specific ways to do so.
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Lööf, Jenny. "An Inquisitive Gaze: Exploring the Male Gaze and the Portrayal of Gender in Dragon Age: Inquisition." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117976.

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This paper provides an account of how a normative male gaze is produced and upheld even in a video game famed for its inclusive nature, Dragon Age: Inquisition. The analysis originates in content studies concerning the portrayal of gender in video games in relation to in-game physical gender portrayal. It is followed by a contextualization of specific video sequences and certain game mechanics in relation to Laura Mulvey’s feminist film theory about the Male Gaze. Mulvey’s film theory approach, while useful as an intellectual tool, is not developed to be applied to video games and thus it is also necessary to consider any implications related to the interactivity of the game. As characters are subjected to a gendered male gaze in relation to both their physical appearance and attributes they are made to uphold the normative status quo. The Gaze is evident in how characters are portrayed, how the main character becomes a default male character regardless of actual gender and in the construction of women as something other. But most importantly, in the actual game mechanics through which all characters become objects for the player to use either in combat or to own in the guise of offering romance to the narrative.
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Sweeney, Christine. "Gendered glances the male gaze(s) in Victorian English literature /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457041316/viewonline.

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Ilic, Sasa <1987&gt. "The Duel of the Gazes: Male Gaze on Women vs Female Self-Gaze in Carver and Altman." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3744.

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The visual quality in terms of audiovisual devices and style is a feature that that has been pointed out as a trademark in Raymond Carver's minimal realism. On the other hand, the theme of visuality, especially the visual depiction of the female body on the part of the 'male objectifying gaze', are features of Robert Altman's Short Cuts, the adaptation of some of this writer's stories, that have been widely criticized. Yet, the twofold issue of how female protagonists are visualized by their male counterparts and how female protagonists visualize themselves is a specific focus that has not been employed for the analysis of either of these american artists so far. An approach that both embraces and challenges features of already established theories on gaze, feminism and cinema theory, but also of theories of adaptation, will be employed in order to take into analysis the theme of male gaze and female self-gaze first in Carver's and then Altman’s productions. Arguably, in point of fact, Carver's female characters emerge from such an analysis as both objectified by the male gaze but also as subversive self-gazing subjects. Moreover, an intertextual perspective on the relationship between Carver's stories and Altman's adaptation and works will highlight not dissimilar complexities in Altman's empowered women 'performers' on the one hand and women characters contained to eros and thanatos dichotomies on the other. More generally, the 'intricacies of gazing' and the power a/symmetries underlying them are a fascinating ever evolving issue worth engaging in, that helps expanding the reasonings on each of these authors and their relationship.
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Grate, Rachel S. "Love at First Sight? Jane Austen and the Transformative Male Gaze." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/662.

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In this thesis, I claim that the gaze is central to the courtship process in Austen’s novels. I also propose that an analysis of the gaze is crucial to understanding the gendered power dynamics that are central to these relationships. We tend to think of male gazers as having all the power, but one of Austen’s subversive arguments is that women can also be subjects of the gaze and transform through it. However, limits exist to their power. As I will argue, while men are able to simply project their transformative gaze, women must first use their gaze to perceive their societal position before successfully having a transformative effect.
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Wixom, Tiffany Nicole. "Combating Voyeurism: Domenichino and the Protofeminist Artistic Tradition of Bologna." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6741.

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Domenichino (1581-1641), a Bolognese artist, painted a unique interpretation of Ovid's myth of the goddess Diana and mortal hunter Actaeon in 1616 titled, Archery Contest of Diana and her Nymphs. This image depicts the goddess and her nymphs actively engaged in various activities. This portrayal is drastically different from common depictions of the time period, in which the goddess is portrayed as vulnerable, weak, and subjected to male voyeurism. In contrast, Domenichino painted his female warriors as physically strong and empowered with their weapons in hand. Compared to the art of his contemporaries, Domenichino's painting clearly evidences that he was influenced and inspired by a well-established, protofeminist artistic tradition originating in Bologna. Bologna offered several contributing factors which created a receptive environment for female artists to thrive. Artists like Lavinia Fontana were able to create strong careers that were both profitable and competitive with those of their male contemporaries. Fontana's depictions of female subjects deliberately pushed against the stereotype of painting heroines as passive objects exposed to male voyeurism. In Archery Contest of Diana and her Nymphs, Domenichino approaches Diana and her nymphs in the same fashion as the Bolognese protofeminists. The women depicted are no longer passive objects to be gazed upon; rather they are actively engaged and have physically fit bodies. Domenichino and the protofeminist tradition redefined how heroines are depicted by empowering the women as dynamic participants in brave pursuits.
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Waugh, Lucian. "Representations of women in late nineteenth-century art : against the 'male gaze'." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720852.

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Martin, David Nicholas. "Photography, Visual Culture, and the (Re)Definition/Queering of the Male Gaze." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/art_etds/17.

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The traditional notion of the Male Gaze, first conceptualized by feminist film critic Laura Mulvey in 1975, focused on the objectification of women through depictions structured to gratify a male heterosexual perspective. In this chapter we will revisit this concept and investigate how that gaze may have shifted away from a primarily heterosexual perspective to a socially dominant male perspective (maleness here referring to dominance rather than specific gender, just as “whiteness” might refer to privilege rather than race). With gender roles in an increasingly global and mobile society becoming more fluid and complex, opening up visibility to LGBTQ communities, along with a substantial post-feminist backlash, we will consider how the male gaze is shifting and how subsets of objectifying “gazes” might overlap. I will explore whether the traditional heterosexual male gaze has shifted due to power backlashes and other developments. New gaze developments may take the form of the “bromance” as well as athletics and advertising. Included in an investigation of this “dominant gaze” will be an exploration into the possibility of a lesbian and transgender gaze – does each subculture have the propensity to fall into this pattern of objectified looking and if so, where is the evidence and what are the implications? That evidence will be explored through photography, film, dance, and other visual media as this subject is expanded through the emergence of variant sexualities and gender identities.
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Hatt, Michael. "Framing the masculine body : the male homosocial gaze in late-nineteenth-century America." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246076.

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Books on the topic "Male-gaze"

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Bloom, James D. Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59945-8.

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The Male Empire Under the Female Gaze: The British Raj and the Memsahib. Amherst, New York: Cambria Press, 2013.

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Morrison, Karl Frederick. The male gaze and other reasons for the hypothetical end of Christian art in the West. Toronto: Pontifical Studies of Mediaeval Studies, 2005.

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Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies., ed. The male gaze and other reasons for the hypothetical end of Christian art in the West. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2005.

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Fol, Isabelle. Dominance of the male gaze in Hollywood films: Patriarchal Hollywood images of women at the turn of the Millenium. Hamburg: Diplomica Gmbh, 2006.

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Seminar, Reverting the Gaze: Analysing the Portrayal of Male Characters in the Fiction of Indian Female Novelists (2011 Karim City College) UGC Sponsored National. Proceedings 'n papers of UGC Sponsored National Seminar, Reverting the Gaze: Analysing the Portrayal of Male Characters in the Fiction of Indian Female Novelists, March 30th-31st, 2011. Jamshedpur: Department of English, Karim City College, 2011.

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Reid, David. "Just looking": Gazing at the male gaze: the representation of women in the films of Michelangelo Antonioni and Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and in the photography of Jeff Wall and Thomas Struth. [Derby: University of Derby], 2000.

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The inward gaze: Masculinity and subjectivity in modern culture. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Arias-Maldonado, Manuel. Fe)Male Gaze. Editorial Anagrama S.A., 2019.

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The Male Gaze. Picador, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Male-gaze"

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King, Claire Sisco. "The Male Gaze in Visual Culture." In The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Communication, 120–32. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Handbooks to gender and sexuality: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429448317-10.

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Evans, Karen. "Gender responsivity and the male gaze." In Gender Responsive Justice, 81–101. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge critical studies in crime, diversity and criminal justice ; 1: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315231310-5.

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Bloom, James D. "American Fiction: Gaze Canon." In Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture, 63–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59945-8_3.

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Kerr, Robert L. "Straight Talk from Beyond the Male Gaze." In The Sociology of Sports-Talk Radio, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67253-3_5.

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Paasonen, Susanna, Feona Attwood, Alan McKee, John Mercer, and Clarissa Smith. "Male gaze and the politics of representation." In Objectification, 19–37. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Gender insights: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429244032-2.

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Stefanovic, Patricia, and Ana Gruić Parać. "Male Gaze and Visual Pleasure in Laura Mulvey." In The Palgrave Handbook of Image Studies, 343–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71830-5_21.

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Calabretta-Sajder, Ryan. "Beyond the “Male Gaze”—Conceiving the “Fourth” Gaze in La bestia nel cuore." In Writing and Performing Female Identity in Italian Culture, 105–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40835-4_6.

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Bloom, James D. "Introduction: The Shelf Life of a Meme." In Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59945-8_1.

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Bloom, James D. "Coming Clean: Readings, Confessions, Shortcuts." In Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture, 11–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59945-8_2.

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Bloom, James D. "Scopes on Trial." In Reading the Male Gaze in Literature and Culture, 119–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59945-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Male-gaze"

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Li, Sufangfei, and Ziruo Xie. "Male Gaze and Self objectification:." In 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.305.

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Dang, Yiran. "The Hegemonic Male Gaze in the Media Culture." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Mental Health, Education and Human Development (MHEHD 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220704.188.

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Sophia, Hilma. "Male Gaze Tendencies in the Practice of Virtual Photoshoot." In International Conference on Aesthetics and the Sciences of Art. Bandung, Indonesia: Bandung Institute of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51555/338634.

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Wang, Zixuan. "The Double Consciousness Created by Male Gaze Upon Young Women in Chinese Society." In 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210806.128.

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Huang, Yunlin, Yuqing Liu, and Fangxin Yang. "Exploring the Meaning of Shanghai Cheongsam from the Perspective of the Male Gaze." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.093.

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Skender, Lana. "THE SPECTATOR PHENOMENON AND THE POWER OF THE GAZE." In European realities - Power : 5th International Scientific Conference. Academy of Arts and Culture in Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59014/gonk4945.

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This paper explores the relevant knowledge in philosophy, psychology, art theory, and visual culture dealing with the phenomenon of the spectator. Spectatorship is explored through complex relationships between authors, works, observers, and the environment, which condition the view and consider how social and cultural patterns mediate the image. In this approach, interest is no longer primarily focused on the visual object but on visuality, a complex set of conditions in which a work of art is created, observed, and interpreted, researching the history of the gaze theory: perception and its physiological and cultural conditioning, the implicitness of the observer in the aesthetics of the reception, psychoanalytic theories about the constitution of the subject with a gaze, feminist ideas of voyeurism, and the male gaze, theories on technological and cultural conditioning of the scopic regimes, the cultural history of gaze and the gaze politics that approach viewing as possession of power. An analysis of the theory shows that the role of the body as a perceiving mechanism is present in the naturalistic approach to observation but is avoided due to its subjectivity and relativity. Although it was created in the 1960s, the theory of gaze has roots in the hermeneutics of art history and the aesthetics of reception. The cultural determination of gaze, its dependence on social norms, and the technological conditions of the medium indicate that our view of art and the visual world has been learned, which opens spaces for the acceptance of other gazes that are equally valuable.
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Schulze Kissing, Dirk, and Hinnerk Eißfeldt. "What About the Next Generation? Assessing Experts’ Judgments of Human Abilities Required for Working in a Future ATC Environment." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100713.

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With the implementation of the European ATM Master Plan (SESAR, 2012) job requirements for air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) will alter significantly. Especially the introduction of time-based operations is considered to impose large changes in task operations. A controller-in-the-loop simulation study was designed to assess experts’ judgments on the main human abilities required for working in time-based arrival scenarios with different levels of assistance by an arrival-management system. Five male controllers (mean age: 32.5 years; mean job experience: 10.8 years) licensed for the simulated sector performed on one baseline scenario and four future scenarios. Gaze-data were tracked and questionnaires on situation awareness and workload, as well as a modified Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (F-JAS) were applied. The experts judged the ability to identify problems produced by automation, as well as the ability to stay vigilant as being increasingly required in a highly automated time-based environment. The high number of gaze transitions between aircraft-targets adds objective indication: Under the simulated future conditions ATCOs were hardly able to build up attention guiding expectations which are necessary to keep up with the system- and traffic-parameters. This was also reflected in low situation awareness and high workload ratings.
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8

Luo, Yushi. "Analysis on News Images of the Tokyo Olympic Games Athletes in Chinese Sina Weibo from the Perspective of the Male Gaze." In 2021 International Conference on Social Development and Media Communication (SDMC 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220105.074.

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9

Kanekon, Naoko, Yoshimasa Tawatsuji, and Tatsunori Matsui. "Characteristic Analysis of Facial Stiffness Using Average Faces of Schizophrenia." In 9th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER2022). Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184849.14.

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There is a significant need for objective assessment methods for schizophrenia. Therefore, this study examined the emotional characteristics of facial stiffness—one of the indicators for estimating patients' flat affect—using average faces. First, we conducted an experiment for psychological evaluation of facial stiffness in 16 Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Twelve medical professionals rated the patients' facial stiffness in 147 videos. Their gaze data were also collected. To extract the physical characteristics of facial stiffness, 11 average faces of 14 male patients and one average face of a group of healthy subjects were generated. The average faces were subjected to an emotion evaluation test by the existing application and 33 medical experts. The results showed that most of the average faces differed in the proportions of the eight emotions between two tests. The most common emotions were anger for the stiffest average face and calm for the healthy average face. In the application analysis, the percentage of emotions other than calm, such as anger and sadness, ranged from 15–65%. In contrast, in the judgment by medical experts ranged from 55–97% for emotions other than calm. The results suggest that “the perception of anger” or “the perception of complex emotions with a mix of anger, confusion, disgust, fear or sadness” is related to the judgment of facial stiffness by medical professionals.
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10

Kanda, Keisuke, Hiromi Ishiwatari, and Keiichi Watanuki. "Relationship between Bird's-Eye View Cognition and Visual Search Behavior." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003245.

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In general, professional soccer players excel at situational judgment and express the game situation as if they are viewing the game from directly above the pitch.This cognitive method is called the bird's-eye view and is considered important for accurate situational judgment. It is also known that expert soccer players exhibit visual search behaviors specific to different situations, such as attacking, defending, and one-on-one play. Therefore, there is possibly a visual search behavior unique to bird's-eye view cognition. In this study, we investigated the effects of improvement in bird's-eye view ability on visual search behavior by using a training method involving virtual reality, which was already developed in a previous study. By revealing the visual search behavior specific to the bird's-eye view, we expect to develop a new training method that adds eye-gaze support. In this study, we developed a virtual reality-based bird's-eye view training system using the Unity game engine, a Head Mounted Display, and an HTC VIVE controller. The system consisted of a training task for training the bird's-eye view ability and a three-choice question for evaluating it. The training task consisted of three phases: showing a first-person video from the center of a soccer pitch, sorting player positions on a bird's-eye map of the pitch, and presenting the correct answers. First, we examined the effects of a training task on the bird's-eye view ability in a system. The experiment was conducted on nine male subjects aged between 20 and 30. The subjects were divided equally into three groups. An experimental group was assigned the training task, control group 1 were showed the first-person video and were informed about the correct answers, and a control group 2 were only provided with the first-person video. The participants answered 10 three-choice questions as a pre-task, performed the training task 10 times, and answered 10 three-choice questions as a post-task. At the end of the experiment, the participants answered a questionnaire about their experience with sports, video games, and changes in their cognition. As a result, the experimental group and control group 1 performed better on the post-task than on the pre-task in training. In particular, the growth rate of the scores of the experimental group was higher than that of control group 1. This suggests that the participants may have acquired a bird's-eye view of cognition through training. In addition, in the questionnaire, two participants in the experimental group responded that they "stopped shaking their heads a lot”. This suggests that the improvement of bird's-eye view ability may have influenced the visual search behavior. Next, we conducted an experiment to investigate the relationship between bird's-eye view cognition and visual search behavior based on eye-gaze information and head movements during training. This experiment clarified the relationship between bird's-eye view cognition and visual search behavior, and is expected to lead to the development of better bird's-eye view training using eye gaze support.
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