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Mckeown, Annette, Jane Clarbour, Rebecca Heron, and Nicholas D. Thomson. "Attachment, Coping, and Suicidal Behavior in Male Prisoners." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 4 (December 26, 2016): 566–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816683742.
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The present study explored the differences between adult male prisoners with and without a history of suicidal behavior on adult attachment dimensions, coping styles, and hopelessness. The role of adult attachment and coping styles as predictors of hopelessness was also explored. The sample included 206 male prisoners from two Category B prisons in the United Kingdom. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ-3), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) measured attachment, coping, and hopelessness. Prisoners with a history of suicidal behavior reported significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and maladaptive coping strategies. Elevated levels of attachment difficulties and maladaptive coping styles were associated with heightened levels of hopelessness. Emotional coping strategies mediated the influence of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on hopelessness. The study highlights the potential utility of adult attachment conceptualizations and coping skills interventions with prisoners at risk of suicidal behavior.
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Bailey, B. E., M. C. Meyers, and N. D. Ryan. "ATHLETIC COPING SKILLS AND MOOD STATE RESPONSE OF COLLEGIATE MALE GOLFERS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-00693.
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Smith, Ronald E., Robert W. Schutz, Frank L. Smoll, and J. T. Ptacek. "Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Sport-Specific Psychological Skills: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 17, no. 4 (December 1995): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.379.
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Confirmatory factor analysis was used as the basis for a new form of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI). The ACSI-28 contains seven sport-specific subscales: Coping With Adversity, Peaking Under Pressure, Goal Setting/Mental Preparation, Concentration, Freedom From Worry, Confidence and Achievement Motivation, and Coachability. The scales can be summed to yield a Personal Coping Resources score, which is assumed to reflect a multifaceted psychological skills construct. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the factorial validity of the ACSI-28, as the seven subscales conform well to the underlying factor structure for both male and female athletes. Psychometric characteristics are described, and preliminary evidence for construct and predictive validity is presented.
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Shweta Gupta. "Life Skills Of Pre-Service Teachers: A Comparative Study." Research Inspiration: An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 6, no. II (March 30, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/inspiration/v6n2.04.
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Teachers have a pivotal role in our education system. However, inefficiency in teachers can affect the very foundation of this education system and which in turn will lead to the downfall of society and the nation. It is well said that the quality of education depends on the quality of teachers, so it is essential to prepare a quality teacher. As the teacher acts as transmitter of knowledge, motivator, and manager so it is dire need to train the prospective teacher in Life skills. According to WHO life skills have been defined as “the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enables individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life”. The present study include ten Life skills as suggested by WHO i.e. Self-awareness skill, Interpersonal skill, Effective Communication skill, Problem Solving, Decision Making, Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Coping with Stress, Coping with Emotion, and Empathy. A descriptive survey method is used for this study. The data of 100 pre-service teachers in which 40 female and 60 male pre-service teachers, were collected by random cluster sampling technique from two B.Ed. colleges of Ghaziabad affiliated to C.C.S. University Meerut in Ghaziabad district. Moreover, t-test is used as a statistical technique to compare the life skills between male and female pre-service teachers. However, the investigator found no significant difference between the male and female pre-service teachers in their Life Skills.
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Monti, Peter M., Damaris J. Rohsenow, Anthony V. Rubonis, Raymond S. Niaura, Alan D. Sirota, Suzanne M. Colby, Perilou Goddard, and David B. Abrams. "Cue exposure with coping skills treatment for male alcoholics: A preliminary investigation." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61, no. 6 (December 1993): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.61.6.1011.
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Rider, Steven P., and Robert A. Hicks. "Stress, Coping, and Injuries in Male and Female High School Basketball Players." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (October 1995): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100228.
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Past research has identified a positive relationship between life-event stress and football injuries, but research in other sports has yielded more ambiguous results. It seems, then, that the relation of life stress and injury may be sport-specific and that different sports must be studied separately before such a relationship is assumed. The present investigation examined the relationships among life-event stress, coping skills, social support, and injuries of male and female high school basketball players. Contrary to the hypothesis, the number of days missed due to injury was not significantly related to life-event stress. As expected, the injury measure was negatively correlated with both the coping-skills and social-support variables, but these correlations did not reach statistical significance. Recommendations for research are discussed.
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Von Guenthner, Shannon, and Jon Hammermeister. "Exploring Relations of Wellness and Athletic Coping Skills of Collegiate Athletes: Implications for Sport Performance." Psychological Reports 101, no. 3_suppl (December 2007): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.4.1043-1049.
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In exploring the relationship between wellness and athletic performance, this study assessed the link between wellness, as defined by a high score on five wellness dimensions of emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual, and physical well-being, with psychological variables thought to be related to athletic performance as measured by athletes' self-report of specific athletic coping skills. 142 collegiate athletes completed a survey composed of the Optimal Living Profile to measure wellness dimensions and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory to measure specific psychological variables. Analysis indicated that athletes scoring higher on the dimensions of wellness also scored significantly higher on athletic coping skills. Specifically, male athletes who scored higher on wellness also reported higher scores on coachability, concentration, goal setting/mental preparation, and peaking under pressure, and female athletes who scored higher on wellness also reported higher scores in coping with adversity, coachability, concentration, goal setting/mental preparation, and freedom from worry. Various dimensions of wellness seem related to better performance by involving the athletic coping skills of intercollegiate athletes. Implications for coaches and sport psychologists are also discussed.
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Abdi, Mansour, and Atefeh Sharyati. "Comparing the training effects of problem-solving and coping skills with stress." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v9i1.4110.
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This research compares the effect of problem-solving and stress management skills by two methods, tradition and workshop, in reducing tendency to addiction on male studentsin the academic years 91–92. The research population included all male students in the College of literature, Science and humanities in Arak University, in which, 30 students were selected by available sampling method. The students were placed in two groups with random selection. The first group were trained by the traditional method of problem-solving and stress management skills, and the second group were trained each skills with workshop method. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that training problem solving and stress management skills using both traditional and workshop method have been effective in reducing the tendency to addiction. Providing training on the problem-solving and stress management skills can enable individuals behave effectively, and thus, as a coping strategy, prevent them from tendency to addiction.
Keywords: Problem-solving skills, traditional training methods, tendency to addiction.
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Miranda, Renato, Danilo Reis Coimbra, Maurício Gattás Bara Filho, Márcio Vidigal Miranda Júnior, and Alexandro Andrade. "BRAZILIAN VERSION (ACSI-28BR) OF ATHLETIC COPING SKILLS INVENTORY-28." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402160980.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Coping is defined as a process based on motor, behavioral, and cognitive effort to deal with the psychophysical demands that exceed an individual’s capacity. One of the instruments used most often for evaluating coping skills is the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). Objective: This study aimed to validate the Brazilian version of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). The ACSI-28 is a multidimensional inventory developed to evaluate the different methods used by athletes to cope with sports pressure. Methods: The sample comprised 667 Brazilian athletes: male (n = 467; 70%); female (n = 200; 30%) with mean age 25 ± 5 years and eight (± 5) years of experience in individual sports (n = 182; 27.3%) or team sports (n = 485; 72.7%). Results: For construct validity, the relational structure of the items that comprise the original version of ACSI-28 was analyzed using EFA. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (KMO = .83) and the Bartlett sphericity test (p <.0001) indicated adequate adjustment of the data to the factorial analyses. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by measuring internal consistency and by the stability of the measurement (test-retest). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 was preliminarily considered valid. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.
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Smith, Neringa Luscombe, Erica Frydenberg, and Charles Poole. "Broadening Social Networks for Girls and Particularly for Boys: Outcomes of a Coping Skills Program." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 13, no. 1 (July 2003): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004714.
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This study is a report of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a school based coping skills program on a sample of 83 adolescents (14–17 years) recruited from a secondary school in metropolitan Melbourne. All participants completed the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993a) on three occasions: prior to program implementation, 1 week after program completion and 6 months after program completion. The results indicated a significant increase in the coping style, “reference to others”, with males increasing their use of this coping style more than females upon completion of the program. The findings are discussed in terms of the benefits increased use of seeking support from others has on male adolescents and of the importance of using programs as part of a comprehensive approach to health promotion within schools.
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Kovács, Karolina-Eszter, and Beáta-Erika Nagy. "Coping and Sport-motivation of Adolescent Handballers in Debrecen." Practice and Theory in Systems of Education 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ptse-2016-0020.
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AbstractThe aim of study was to examine coping and motivation of adolescent handball players in Debrecen. Forty-six male and thirty-one female handball players completed the questionnaires, furthermore eighteen male and eighteen females were participated in focus groups. The purpose of this study was to measure gender differences in sport motivation, psychological immune system and athletic coping skills in a population of adolescent handball players. The applied psychological measure method was the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), four subscales of Psychological Immune System Inventory, and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28). Results revealed that males have a better self-efficacy and athletic coping skills and have a higher level of intrinsic motivation too. The outcome of the survey confirm that adolescence boys have a better self-efficacy and coping which can be seen on the sport ground as well. Other way focus groups were indicated the measure anxiety on sport ground, the applied coping strategies, and the motivation viewpoints of playing handball at the beginning of the activity and currently. at the Results has showed that at the beginning of playing handball participant have extrinsic motivation (e. g. the stimulation of their parents) but currently the reason of the activity is intrinsic motivation (e. g. health, future). Additionally, during the match there is a significant difference between the perceived anxiety against hard and weak teams at the beginning, in the middle and in the end of the match; furthermore, females have a higher level of anxiety during the match, against hard and weak teams too, but the difference is not significant. Finally, there is no significant difference between males and females in the applied coping strategies and it doesn’t have any effects on anxiety.
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Golabi, Fatemeh, and Fattaneh Hajilou. "Bilingualism, identity and social tolerance." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 5, no. 2 (April 14, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v5i2.460.
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This study examines the impact of bilingualism on identity and social tolerance among students of Tabriz University, accordingly the level of social tolerance is investigated among the students with different ethnic backgrounds. Every year many students from different ethnic backgrounds that have different maternal language from country's official language attend the University of Tabriz. This survey research was constructed among the male and female students in various areas in the 2011-2012 academic years. The sample size is 370, which were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Results show that bilingual students have flexible attitude towards groups, beliefs and acts, also those who are fluent in more than one language act better than monolingual people in social tolerance, coping skills and group identity. In other word, there is significant relation between coping skills, identity with bilingualism. Keywords: Bilingualism, language, group identity, social tolerance, coping skills
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Bugalski, Kerry, and Erica Frydenberg. "Promoting effective coping in adolescents ‘at-risk’ for depression." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 10, no. 1 (November 2000): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004180.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of a coping skills program ‘The Best of Coping: Bright Lives’ on adolescents' coping styles. This study also seeks to determine if groups of adolescents who are more or less resistant to depression show different gains from program participation.Comparisons between changes in coping styles were made between groups of adolescents; those considered at-risk for and resistant to depression, those neither resistant or at-risk for depression, and a male and female group. All students, regardless of group membership, participated in the ‘The Best of Coping: Bright Lives’ program.All participants completed the Adolescent Coping Scale, the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Perceived Control of Internal States pre and post program.Results show a significant increase in Reference to Others coping post program, for all groups, particularly the males. The ‘at-risk’ group also appeared to show a decrease in the use of ‘Non-Productive’ coping post program, in comparison to the ‘resilient“ group.It appears that positive program effects are greatest for adolescents who are prone to depression and use the most ineffective strategies. This indicates that the program effectively targets the adolescents that need the help the most.
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Erzar, Tomaž, Lifan Yu, Robert D. Enright, and Katarina Kompan Erzar. "Childhood Victimization, Recent Injustice, Anger, and Forgiveness in a Sample of Imprisoned Male Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18781782.
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The links between childhood victimization, subsequent emotional dysregulation, and insufficient coping skills have been repeatedly documented in the scientific literature. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the role of forgiveness as a coping strategy and relationships between offense-specific hurt, chronic anger, and early victimization. The goals of our study were (a) to explore how offenders cope with recent unjust treatment, and test the links between type of injustice, hurt experienced due to injustice, and use of forgiveness; (b) to test the links between childhood victimization, hurt, and chronic anger; and (c) to assess the mediating role of chronic anger in relation to hurt and forgiveness. The results reveal that multiplicity and severity of victimization exposure in the prison sample are positively associated with chronic anger, but not with hurt. The type of injustice affects the level of hurt and forgiveness, while chronic anger mediates the link between hurt and forgiveness. To improve coping and promote forgiving, offenders should be helped to identify everyday sources of stress and learn to express vulnerable feelings beneath anger.
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M., Suriyamoorthi, Pakkiyalakshmi N., and Ravishankar J. "A study on coping skills of caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184423.
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Background: Caregivers of people with bipolar disorder experience a different quality of burden than seen with other illnesses. A better understanding of their concerns is necessary to improve the training of professionals working with this population. The aim of this study was to study the level of family burden, coping skills and psychological wellbeing among caregivers of bipolar affective disorder.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a six months period from January 2014 to June 2014. Patients diagnosed as bipolar disorder as ICD-10 and their caregivers were included in the study. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Socio-demographic data were collected in preformed questionnaire. Disease burden was calculated using burden assessment schedule, psychological general well being index and brief COPE scale.Results: Around 63.4% of the caregivers were males, 38.5% were illiterate, 44.2% were unskilled labourers, 57.6% were spouses, mean BAS score was 86.03, mean coping score was 55.77 and BAS was inversely related to PGWBI. Male caregivers used self-distraction and substance use as coping strategies while females used religion and denial.Conclusions: The perceived burden was higher among caregivers of bipolar disorder. Coping strategies varied based on caregiver demographic characteristics. Higher the perceived burden, lower was the psychological wellbeing. Psycho-educational family intervention for caregivers has to be implemented along with pharmacological therapy in patients with bipolar affective disorder.
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Gábor, Géczi, Vincze Géza, Koltai Miklós, and Bognár József. "Elite Young Team Players' Coping, Motivation and Perceived Climate Measures." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 46, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0020-2.
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Elite Young Team Players' Coping, Motivation and Perceived Climate MeasuresThe purpose of this study was to compare and contrast coping skills, motivational profiles and perceived climate in elite young ice hockey, soccer, water polo and volleyball players. It was also our aim to examine how male and female athletes differ in the above mentioned psychometric measures. Men's soccer (n=23) and ice hockey (n=20), and also women's volleyball (n=15) and water polo (13) players ranged in age from 16 to 18 years (M age=17.17, SD=.85). Each team was a finalist in last year's national championship for their age group. The instruments used in this study included the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). Cooperative learning does not tend to be high, as one would expect in elite team players. Ice hockey and soccer players usually had higher psychometric measures than water polo and volleyball players. Also, male athletes demonstrate better ACSI-28, PMCSQ-2, and SMS measures than their female counterparts in many of the variables. Amotivation seems to be the most important decisive factor both among team sports and male and female participants. Also, our results prove that there are major differences between young elite male and female team players, so coaches' work in most aspects of their work should be gender-specific. Coaches of youth teams have to understand the motivational factors and coping strategies their athletes demonstrate in order to optimally organize and plan the teaching-learning process in their exercises, especially focus on cooperative task-solving exercises.
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Hill, Denise M., Nic Matthews, and Ruth Senior. "The Psychological Characteristics of Performance Under Pressure in Professional Rugby Union Referees." Sport Psychologist 30, no. 4 (December 2016): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2015-0109.
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This study used qualitative methods to explore the stressors, appraisal mechanism, emotional response, and effective/ineffective coping strategies experienced by elite rugby union referees during pressurized performances. Participants included seven male rugby union referees from the United Kingdom (Mage = 27.85, SD = 4.56) who had been officiating as full-time professionals for between 1 and 16 years (M = 4.85, SD = 5.42). Data revealed that the referees encountered a number of stressors, which were appraised initially as a ‘threat’, and elicited negatively-toned emotions. The referees were able to maintain performance standards under pressure by adopting proactive, problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies which managed effectively the stressors and their emotions. However, the use of avoidance-coping, reactive control, and informal impression management were perceived as ineffective coping strategies, and associated with poor performance and choking. Recommendations are offered to inform the psychological skills training of rugby union referees.
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Ashworth, Sarah, and Natalie Brotherton. "“We can feel good”: evaluation of an adapted DBT informed skills programme in medium security." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 12, no. 5/6 (November 5, 2018): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-06-2018-0031.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a routine evaluation of clinical effectiveness of an adapted DBT informed skills programme (“I Can Feel Good”; Ingamells and Morrissey, 2014), run on both male and female intellectual disability wards of a medium security psychiatric hospital.Design/methodology/approachA pre–post evaluation study of routine clinical practice was undertaken utilising staff report scales collected as the primary source of evaluation.FindingsFindings show a positive shift regarding each module for both gender groups. Due to observed baseline differences between gender groups, data were separated and analysed separately. Non-parametric statistical analysis demonstrates statistically significant improvement across three modules for the male sample (managing feelings, coping in crisis and people skills) and two modules for the female sample (managing feelings and people skills).Originality/valueThere appears to be subtle outcome differences regarding this programme for both gender groups across modules. Potential reasons for this are discussed, along with clinical reflections regarding gender differences and adaptations. Reflections upon future revisions including the integration of the new DBT skills (Linehan, 2014) are made in light of these findings.
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Wang, Weiling, and Danmin Miao. "The relationships among coping styles, personality traits and mental health of Chinese medical students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 2 (March 31, 2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.2.163.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among coping styles, personality traits, and mental health in medical students at Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine. 276 participants were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975; Chinese version, Gong, 1986), Coping Style Questionnaire (as adapted by Xiao, 1996), and the Symptoms Checklist-90 (Derogatis, 1975; Chinese version, Chen, 1999). The students displayed a wide range of coping skills including problem solving, help seeking, and fantasizing. Male students' coping styles were slightly different from those of female students and some relationships were found among coping style, personality, and level of emotional health. Coping styles and the EPQ were closely correlated with psychological health. The analysis of multiple regression showed neuroticism, paranoid ideation, and rationalization, father's education level, fantasizing and academic stress were influencing factors in the psychological/emotional health of the respondents.
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Sarwar, Naveeda, Saima Abid, Ghulam Sarwar Khan, Bilquis Hassan, Baber Awan, and Adnan Sarwar. "ASSESSING STRESS COPING METHODS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v9i1.292.
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Background: Stress coping methods are used by the individuals to overcome daily stresses. It is important to maintain stress within limits for normal functioning and productivity of a human being. Medical students come across many stress factors during their medical training. Stress coping is divided into Adaptive and Non-adaptive coping, students using adaptive coping strategies (ACS) are considered to have positive coping methods and results in long term constructive outcomes i.e. improved self-esteem, stronger social bonds and wisdom, while students using non-adaptive coping strategies are at risk of mental health issues. Our objective was to evaluate stress coping methods among medical students of public and private medical colleges of district Peshawar. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 200 medical students of both Public and private sector of district Peshawar. Equal numbers of boys and girls were selected from age groups of 18-25 years. Demographic variable along with methods to cope stress were collected using validated pre-tested questionnaire called "Brief cope scale (BCS) of Urdu version by Akhtar (2005)". Standard cut off value of 56 was used to differentiate between students having adaptive or mal-adaptive coping styles. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Students of public medical college scored M=71.78 with SD=8.955 while students of private medical colleges scored M=69.20 with SD 10.07. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that undergraduate students in medical collages have non-adaptive coping methods rather than adaptive ones. Female students used more adaptive coping skills than male students. Students in public sector had better coping skills than students of private medical colleges.
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Rennison, Callie Marie, and Lynn A. Addington. "Comparing Violent Victimization Experiences of Male and Female College-Attending Emerging Adults." Violence Against Women 24, no. 8 (September 19, 2017): 952–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217724919.
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Despite increased attention to college student victimization, gaps remain. In particular, relatively little is known about violence against males and females outside sexual and intimate partner violence. This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to compare male and female students’ violent victimization overall as well as relational and sexual violence. Findings reveal gendered differences and similarities. Results have implications for policies to prevent violence and support victims. Implications for victim services are particularly relevant given the critical developmental period for college students learning coping skills that shape their adult lives and addressing harms resulting from violent victimization.
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Muldoon, John, and Juneau Gary. "Enhancing Treatment Compliance Among Male Batterers: Motivators to Get Them in the Door and Keep Them in the Room." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 2 (March 18, 2011): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.2.8t2q386453231312.
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A clinical focus on what motivates batterers to enter counseling might improve the prognosis for their treatment compliance. We discuss motivators to get them in the door (treatment engagement) and keep them in the room (treatment compliance). Once they are invested in the therapeutic process, they might successfully break their pattern of abuse, learn new coping skills, and adopt healthy behaviors to sustain successful, nonviolent intimate relationships.
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Perreault, Stéphane, and Robert J. Vallerand. "A Test of Self-Determination Theory with Wheelchair Basketball Players with and Without Disability." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 24, no. 4 (October 2007): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.24.4.305.
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Guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the present study examined the sport motivation and coping skills of male and female wheelchair basketball players with and without disability (N = 72). In line with SDT, results showed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as amotivation was found to be present in this sample of wheelchair basketball players. Results also demonstrated that the participants surveyed in the present study scored higher on self-determined types of motivation than non self-determined types of motivation, thus replicating past research with athletes without disability. Furthermore, wheelchair basketball players with and without disability did not differ significantly with respect to sport motivation and coping skills, suggesting that they are more alike than dissimilar. Finally, results revealed that self-determined motivation is associated with enhanced psychological functioning.
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Graves, B. Sue, Michael E. Hall, Carolyn Dias-Karch, Michael H. Haischer, and Christine Apter. "Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0255634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255634.
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Background Many college students register each semester for courses, leading to productive careers and fulfilled lives. During this time, the students have to manage many stressors stemming from academic, personal, and, sometimes, work lives. Students, who lack appropriate stress management skills, may find it difficult to balance these responsibilities. Objectives This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester. Design and method University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. Two instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Cope, were administered during the twelfth week of the semester, four weeks prior to final exams. T-tests were used to detect gender differences for the stress levels and coping strategies. Results Overall, females indicated higher levels of stress than their male counterparts. Gender differences were evident in both coping dimensions and individual coping strategies used. Females were found to utilize the emotion-focused coping dimension and endorsed the use of four coping strategies more often than males. These included self-distraction, emotional support, instrumental support, and venting. Conclusions This research adds to the existing literature by illuminating the level of perceived stress and different coping strategies used by undergraduate female and male students. In turn, students may need educational interventions to develop effective and healthy coping strategies to last a lifetime. Faculty and other university officials may want to highlight and understand these various factors to protect the students’ wellbeing in their classes.
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Habibi-Kaleybar, Ramin, and Safarali Dehghani. "The Effectiveness of Training Emotional Regulation Skills in Reducing Addiction Ability in Male High School Students." Journal of Research and Health 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrh.11.2.1721.3.
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Background: Emotional adjustment skills have recently been proposed as a new framework in the prevention of addiction in students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training emotional regulation skills on reducing addiction ability in high school male students. Methods: The statistical population of the present quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group was male high school students in Tabriz District 3 in the academic year 2018-2019. Accordingly, using the cluster sampling method, the students of one school were selected as the statistical sample and those with higher than the average score (above 21) were selected randomly and divided into the experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. The experimental group was subjected to Emotional regulation skills training for 8 sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes for two months. During this period, the control group received no intervention. Theoretical Addiction Questionnaire was used for data collection. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the results. Results: Data analysis showed that training of emotional regulation skills has an impact on reducing the addiction of talented students. Conclusion: Training emotional regulation skills has an impact on reducing the addiction of talented students. emotion regulation skills training can also be used as a coping approach in adolescent education that should be targeted by reference groups, such as counselors, school coaches, and social planners.
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Lee, Dong Y., Mi J. Park, and Sung H. Park. "Does Sex of Client Affect Counselors' Evaluation?" Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1205-1211.
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This study examined whether clients' positive or negative self-disclosure and sex affected counselors' evaluation of the clients. 80 counselors (30 certified, 45 master's and five doctoral trainees; six men and 74 women), after viewing a videotaped counseling interview in which the client self-disclosed either largely positive or negative contents responded to the Clinical Impression Scale which contained 8 clinical characteristics of clients (assertiveness, overall coping skills, anxiety, attitude toward counseling, motivation to change, self-esteem, insight, and depression). When the client self-disclosed largely negative content about self, counselors evaluated male client more negatively, i.e., less assertive, poor coping skills, higher anxiety, more negative attitude toward counseling, less eager to change, lower self-esteem, less insight, and higher depression) than female client. However, when the client self-disclosed largely positive content, there was no statistically significant sex difference between the two groups. The implications are discussed.
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Lytvynenko, Vasyl. "Modern model of psychoeducation in patients with alcohol dependence." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 2 (99) (June 10, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is2-2019-7.
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In the course of work, to develop a psychological program for men with alcohol dependence, a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 150 male patients with alcohol-related syndrome was conducted. The main group (the patients of which participated in the psychoeducational program) included 105 people. The control group consisted of 45 patients who received standard regulated therapy in the hospital. During the course of work, the psychoeducational program was developed and tested in the system of rehabilitation of patients with alcohol dependence, the main purpose of which is a comprehensive infl uence on the cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological, behavioral and social aspects of alcohol dependence. The algorithm of psychoeducation of patients with alcohol dependence is deve loped, which is aimed at increasing the level of special (narcological) knowledge of the patient and his family; working out of skills of solving life problems; communication skills training; training skills of coping. On the background of conducting a psychoeducational program in the system of rehabilitation of patients with alcohol dependence, there was positive dynamics of mental status, positive transformation of coping strategies in patients of the main group, which included psychoeducation in the traditional complex of rehabilitation measures, which signifi - cantly exceeds the corresponding changes in the control group. Key words: alcohol dependence, psychoeducation, psychosocial rehabilitation, remission, coping strategy, alcohol consumption
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Rahimi, Behruz, Marilyn Baetz, Rudy Bowen, and Lloyd Balbuena. "Resilience, stress, and coping among Canadian medical students." Canadian Medical Education Journal 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): e5-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36689.
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Background: Numerous studies have established that medical school is a stressful place but coping styles and resilience have not been adequately addressed as protective factors.Method: Using a cross-sectional design, 155 students were surveyed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Canadian Community Health Survey Coping Scale. Mean scores were compared by gender and between our sample and normative scores using t-tests. Multivariate linear regression was performed to examine whether stress levels were related to coping and resilience.Results: Medical students had higher perceived stress, negative coping, and lower resilience than age and gender-matched peers in the general population. Male medical students had higher positive coping scores than general population peers and higher resilience, and lower perceived stress than female medical students. Coping scores did not vary by gender in our sample. The multivariate model showed that resilience and negative, but not positive coping, predicted stress.Conclusions: Medical students are neither more resilient nor better equipped with coping skills than peers in the population. Greater emphasis on self-care among medical trainees is recommended. Emphasizing the importance of self-care during medical training, whether by formal incorporation into the curriculum or informal mentorship, deserves further study.
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DeBate, Rita DiGioacchino, Amy Gatto, and Gregor Rafal. "The Effects of Stigma on Determinants of Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Male College Students: An Application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2018): 1286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318773656.
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Considered a public health issue, the prevalence and severity of poor mental well-being on college campuses has continued to rise. While many college campuses offer mental health counseling services, and utilization rates are increasing, their proportional usage is low especially among males, who often deal with poor mental well-being by adopting unhealthy coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to use the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model to assess the relationship between the determinants as factors that may impact help-seeking behaviors in a large sample ( n = 1,242) of male college students. Employing a cross-sectional study design, a 71-item online survey assessed information via total mental health literacy (MHL), motivation via attitudes toward mental health and subjective norms regarding mental health, and behavioral skills via intentions regarding help-seeking behaviors, and stigma. Results revealed correlations between information and motivation ( r = .363, p < .01), information and behavioral skills ( r = .166, p < .01), and motivation and behavioral skills ( r = .399, p < .01). Multiple regression was used to determine stigma is a mediator for all relationships. These findings represent an opportunity to take a public health approach to male mental health through developing multilayered interventions that address information, motivation, behavioral skills, and stigma.
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Gooding, P., N. Tarrier, G. Dunn, J. Shaw, Y. Awenat, F. Ulph, and D. Pratt. "The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide." European Psychiatry 30, no. 8 (October 24, 2015): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.002.
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AbstractBackgroundResearch is sparse which examines pathways to suicide, and resilience to suicide, in people who are particularly vulnerable to suicide, for example, prison inmates. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which perceptions of self-esteem and coping ability interacted with defeat and entrapment to both amplify suicidal thoughts and feelings, and to act as a buffer against suicidal thoughts and feelings.MethodsParticipants were 65 male prisoners at high risk of suicide. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used. Questionnaire measures of depression, defeat, entrapment, self-esteem, coping ability and suicidal probability were administered.ResultsFor the hopelessness component of the suicide probability measure, high levels of coping ability together with low levels of defeat resulted in the lowest levels of suicidality indicative of a resilience factor. In contrast, low levels of coping skills together with high levels of entrapment were a high risk factor for this hopelessness component of suicide. This pattern of results pertained when controlling for depression levels.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine interactions between defeat, entrapment and appraisals of self-esteem and coping ability. Therapeutic interventions would benefit from boosting perceptions and appraisals of coping ability, in particular, in people who are at high risk for suicide.
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Bennion, Jacqueline, Trystan Symmons, Ian Shearman, Charlotte Holloway, and Richard Kain. "PSS-STUDY: PSS-Study: An Exploration of Physiotherapy Student-Perceived Stress and the Related Coping Strategies whilst on Placement." International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/ijpblhsc.v8i2.654.
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Evidence exploring stress and coping strategies amongst physiotherapy students within clinical practice is lacking. The aim of this study is two-fold: to identify common stressors and coping strategies of BSc and MSc UK physiotherapy students on clinical placement; to explore the relationship between these stressors and coping strategies, and demographics of age, gender and year of study. This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample. Participants completed a five-part closed questionnaire. Seventy-seven questionnaires were returned. Frequency counts identified common stressors and coping strategies (%). Chi-squared test analysis identified correlations between variables. Odds ratio analysis highlighted strength of associations. Common stressors: lack of practical skills (58.4%); participants’ perceived expectations of required knowledge (57.1%); time demands (55.8%). Common coping strategies: talking to a friend in the same year of study (79.2%); exercise (68.8%). Lack of support from university/clinical staff (p = 0.04), time demands (p = 0.03) were statistically significant stressors in relation to age. Talking to a friend in the year above was a statistically significant coping strategy (p = 0.008) for male students. Talking to a clinical educator/ward staff was a statistically significant coping strategy in relation to year of study (p = 0.035). Certain stressors were experienced more by second-year BSc and second-year MSc cohorts than the third-year BSc cohort. These findings provide awareness of students who potentially require support in managing stress.
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Hong, Hee Jung, and Ian Fraser. "‘My Sport Won’t Pay the Bills Forever’: High-Performance Athletes’ Need for Financial Literacy and Self-Management." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070324.
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This paper investigates high-performance athletes’ development of their financial literacy and self-management skills and the related organisational support available to them during their athletic careers. The data were collected from 20 retired high-performance athletes (10 male and 10 female) representing six different countries (Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, and the UK). Thematic analysis was applied to the processing of the data and five themes emerged: (1) Funding battles: financial challenges and misjudgements; (2) Coping Strategies; (3) Support from sponsors, parents, and sport organisations; (4) Development of Financial Literacy; and (5) Life After Sport. The data indicates that athletes experienced financial challenges due to a lack of organisational support, reduced or terminated funding, and limited opportunities to access sponsorship. Typically, athletes developed their financial literacy and self-management skills by ‘self-help’ or ‘trial and error’. The findings contribute to both literature and practice by providing empirical evidence on the coping strategies adopted by athletes in order to overcome financial challenges and on the methods used in order to develop their financial literacy and self-management skills. These findings inform sport organisations and governing bodies to develop support schemes for high-performance athletes as well as deepen our knowledge of athletes’ career development and transitions focusing on the financial aspect.
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Jane Barton, Jennifer, Tanya Meade, Steven Cumming, and Anthony Samuels. "Predictors of self-harm in male inmates." Journal of Criminal Psychology 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2013-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of self-harm in male inmates. Design/methodology/approach – Male inmates with and without a background of self-harm (i.e. suicidal and non-suicidal) were compared across two distal (static and trait) and two proximal (environmental and current/state psychological) domains. The factors from the four domains which may accurately classify self-harm history were also examined. Findings – The two groups were significantly different across the four domains, particularly on psychological characteristics. The self-harm group was associated with childhood trauma, violent offences, institutional misconducts and lower levels of social support significantly more than the non-self-harm group. Being single, childhood abuse, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder and global psychopathology were the five key predictors that contributed to 87.4 per cent of all cases being correctly classified. Practical implications – The high levels of psychiatric morbidity and childhood trauma in the self-harm group indicated a need for interventions that address emotional and interpersonal difficulties and optimization of adaptive coping skills. Also, interventions may require a focus on the behavioural functions. Originality/value – A novel approach was taken to the grouping of the variables. A comprehensive range of variables, was assessed simultaneously, including some not previously considered indicators, and in an understudied population, Australian male inmates. The lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and generalized anxiety disorder which distinguished the self-harm and non-self-harm group, were newly identified for self-harm.
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Bukve, Trude. "Students’ perspectives on English medium instruction within higher education." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 14, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.202002272211.
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This study aims to explore gender differences in students’ perspectives on language use within higher education (HE), using data from a survey distributed to students at two universities in Norway and Finland. Analysing responses concerning language use in HE, I found that most students were positively inclined towards English medium instruction (EMI). However, while there in both countries were only small differences in attitudes towards EMI between male and female students, in Finland, female students were less confident in their English skills than male students were. Furthermore, female students in both countries reported more difficulties in coping with English in their day-to-day studies, as compared to male students. This article demonstrates the advantages of applying a multidimensional perspective when analysing gendered attitudes in HE. Further, the present study highlights some of the practical challenges that HE institutions should acknowledge in order to implement language policies that meet students’ needs.
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Badr, Hoda. "Development and pilot test of a dyadic psychosocial intervention for couples coping with head and neck cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.187.
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187 Background: Patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNCs) experience significant persistent side effects such as abnormally reduced salivation, difficulty swallowing, and taste changes. To control these side effects and minimize discomfort, intensive self-care protocols are prescribed, but adherence is poor. Spouses/partners play a critical role in supporting adherence, but often lack knowledge, experience high rates of distress, and display poor communication that can interfere with patient self-management and self-care. Methods: We developed and pilot-tested a skills-training intervention comprised of tailored manuals and 6 counseling sessions delivered over the telephone to HNC patients and their partners. The goal is to reduce healthcare utilization and improve patient and partner quality of life (QOL). To guide the development and content of the intervention, qualitative interviews with 6 HNC patients (83% male) and 6 spouses were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. For the pilot test, couples completed surveys prior to initiating radiotherapy and were randomized to the intervention or usual medical care. Eight weeks later, they completed follow-up surveys. Results: Based on the qualitative findings, we developed the intervention to teach: 1) self-management skills; 2) communication skills; and 3) strategies to improve communal coping and confidence in the ability to work as a team. To date, 20 couples (Mean Age = 57 years; SD = 8) have participated. Solid recruitment (83%) and low attrition rates demonstrate feasibility. Strong program evaluations (Mean = 8.7 out of 10) and homework completion rates (85%) support acceptability. Conclusions: This is the first program in HNC that actively involves both members of the couple to address barriers in the home environment in which self-management occurs. By empowering couples with the skills to coordinate care and support, the program holds great promise for improving self-management behaviors, reducing costly hospitalizations and treatment interruptions, and improving patient and partner QOL.
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Engwerda, Ingrid M., Ronnie Lidor, and Marije T. Elferink-Gemser. "Performance characteristics of top-level youth judokas in light- and heavy-weight categories." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 5-6 (July 28, 2020): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120945160.
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Professionals involved in training programs for judokas should have access to evidence-based data on various characteristics of these athletes. In the current study, anthropometric (e.g., body height, body mass), physiological (e.g., power based on vertical jump height, maximal handgrip strength), and psychological (e.g., athletic coping skills) characteristics of judokas were examined. The judokas, aged 16-21, were classified into two groups: 30 light weight (males = 19, females = 11) and 27 heavy weight (males = 13, females = 14). Four MANCOVAs separated by sex were performed on the anthropometric, physiological, and psychological data. A discriminant analysis was also carried out. Results showed that heavy-weight males outscored their lighter peers on body height ( d = 1.88), arm span ( d = 1.88), and maximal handgrip strength. In the females, light-weight judokas outscored their heavier peers on jumping ability ( d = 1.02) and peak power bench press ( d = 1.20). Female heavy-weight judokas had greater body height ( d = 1.46), a longer arm span ( d = 1.35), and higher scores on maximal handgrip strength than light-weight judokas. The discriminant analysis revealed that 87.5% and 84.0% of the original grouped male and female judokas, respectively, were correctly classified. No differences in coping skills or self-regulation of learning between categories were observed. It is recommended that professionals involved in training programs may consider these differences in data when developing training programs for young judokas.
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Arif, Nik Muhammad Nik Ahmad, Nurhanis Syazni Roslan, Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Ramyashilpa D. Nayak, Muhamad Ridzuan Jamian, Alya Syahmina Mohamad Ali Roshidi, Teh Chen Edward, et al. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress and Burnout among Medical Students: Findings from Two Campuses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168446.
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Medical training is intensive and predisposes students to psychological distress and burnout. Unaddressed burnout in medical training may persist in the internship phase and impact the quality of patient care. While some associations have been established, the link between some individual factors and training characteristics with distress and burnout in medical training remained unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and burnout, and its association with gender, training phase, funding status, cumulative grade points average (CGPA), and coping strategies among medical students. The study applied a multicenter cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling on medical students from two medical schools from Malaysia and India. We used a self-reporting instrument that includes demographic details, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). A total of 748 medical students participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress, personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout were 33.0%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 26.2%, respectively. Being male, clinical year, self-funded, and having a CGPA of more than 3.50 predicted psychological distress and burnout with mixed results. Maladaptive coping mechanisms consistently predicted the risk of psychological distress and burnout by more than two times. The findings indicate that primary and secondary mental health interventions have a role in medical training. A systematic intervention should incorporate coping skills training alongside institutional-targeted intervention.
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Simmons, Nathan, and Ian Hay. "Early Adolescents' Friendship Patterns in Middle School: Social–Emotional and Academic Implications." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/aedp.27.2.59.
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AbstractThis research examined the interactions between friendship patterns, school achievement, coping skills, self-concept and the classroom learning environment for 182 early adolescents, mean age 13 years 5 months (47.25% male). Participants completed the Friendship Nomination Form. The second phase of data collection focused on adolescents with high or low friendship ratings, who then completed four social and two academic measures. The social measures were: (1) Friendship Quality Scale (FQS; Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994), (2) Self-Description Questionnaire II–Short Form (Marsh, 1990), (3) Coping Strategy Indicator–Short Form (CSI-S; Amirkhan, 1990) and (4) What is Happening in this Classroom Scale (WIHIC; Fraser, Fisher, & McRobbie, 1996). Adolescents with more friends reported more companionship and help from friends. Those with fewer friends perceived their classroom to be less cohesive and less cooperative. Females reported more closeness and friendship commitment than males. Friendship patterns had a significant influence on students' English achievement but not their mathematics achievement. The implications of the findings for school professional are discussed.
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Mitic, Wayne R., Don P. McGuire, and Brigitte Neumann. "Adolescent Inhalant Use and Perceived Stress." Journal of Drug Education 17, no. 2 (June 1987): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jjym-9ne7-gyy1-dlra.
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We surveyed 1,684 students from Grades 7 through 12 on their use of inhalants and the types of circumstances they perceived as stressful. Inhalant users were classified as abstainers, experimental, and regular users. Male abstainers were found to exhibit lower ( p ≤ .05) mean stress scores as compared to males in the experimental and regular user groups. Among females, abstainers exhibited lower ( p ≤ .05) mean stress scores than regular users but did not differ ( p ≤ .05) with experimental users. For both males and females, the largest mean differences between abstainers and regular users occurred in the area of teachers. Educators should consider inclusion of stress management and the teaching of coping skills in drug education programs.
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Sellars, Paul A., Lynne Evans, and Owen Thomas. "The Effects of Perfectionism in Elite Sport: Experiences of Unhealthy Perfectionists." Sport Psychologist 30, no. 3 (September 2016): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0072.
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This study examined the perfectionism experiences of 10 elite perfectionist athletes (5 male and 5 female). Following completion of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (Gotwals & Dunn, 2009), a purposeful sample of unhealthy perfectionists were interviewed in relation to the study aims. Several themes emerged from the data that related to: effects of perfectionism and its antecedents on sporting experiences, specificity and level of perfectionism, and the coping skills and techniques used to counter the potentially detrimental effects of perfectionism. The findings highlighted the multidimensional nature of perfectionism and the need for future research to further explore the efficacy of techniques athletes use to promote healthy and reduce unhealthy facets of perfectionism.
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Pawłowska, Beata, Zofia Zaręba, and Emilia Potembska. "Use of psychoactive substances, body image and characteristics of personality traits in bodybuilders." Current Problems of Psychiatry 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2016-0001.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substances use as well as the characteristics of body image, self-image, narcissism and stress coping strategies in the group of male professional bodybuilders.Material and method. The study comprised a group 30 male bodybuilders practising bodybuilding professionally for over 7 years and 30 men who did not practise any sport.The following research methods were used in the study: Socio-demographic Questionnaire and Eating Disorders and Self-image Survey Questionnaire in Men designed by Pawłowska and Staniewicz, Coping with Stress Questionnaire by Janke, Erdmann, Boucsein, Narcissism Questionnaire by Deneke, Hilgenstock, Müller, Adjective Check List by Gough and Heilbrun in the authorised translation by Płużek.Results. As compared to the control group, bodybuilders significantly more often use psychoactive agents and have a more negative body image and self-image and show intensified narcissism.Conclusions: In comparison to the control group: Significantly more bodybuilders use psychoactive agents: marijuana, amphetamine and ephedrine.Bodybuilders are characterised by a significantly more negative body image related to the impression of having excessive fat tissue and not sufficient muscle tissue and intensified pursuing to obtain social acceptance.Bodybuilders are characterised by a significantly more intensified need for dominance, aggression, competitiveness, breaking social rules, being rebellious, impulsive and confrontational.Bodybuilders are characterised by significantly more intensified narcissistic traits.Bodybuilders, while in a stressful situation, express compensatory conviction of having better than other people skills to cope with difficulties.
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Devantier, Casper. "Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer Players." Sport Science Review 20, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2011): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0062-3.
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Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer Players Objectives: Numerous empirical studies suggest that specific psychological factors influence the frequency and severity of sport injuries. The main purpose of the present study is to outline the psychological factors, which predict increased injury vulnerability among professional male soccer players in Denmark. Based on the Stress-Injury Model by Williams & Anderson (1998) it is hypothesized that low coping resources, high competitive trait anxiety, and history of previous injuries would be positively related to an increased risk of injury occurrence and severity. Methods: The soccer players (N = 87) were asked to report history of previous injuries within the last 12 months. Furthermore, 2 questionnaires were used; Competitive Trait Anxiety Test, and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory - 28 (ACSI-28). Injuries were prospectively recorded throughout a period of approximately 3 months by the team's medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists). Results: Study findings clearly suggest that history of previous injury and coping with adversity are the best predictors of injury occurrence. These factors explained between 7 % and 11 % of the total variance of injury occurrence and days lost due to injury respectively. Furthermore, the same variables were found very successful in prediction injury occurrence. Conclusions: The findings support the suggestions that psychological factors can be utilized as a predictive measurement to sport injuries, which should be considered by coaches and medical staff in order to reduce vulnerability to injury.
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du Preez, E., N. Cassimjee, L. E. Lauritz, M. Ghazinour, and J. Richter. "Personality and Mental Health: An Investigation of South African Police Trainees." Psychological Reports 108, no. 1 (February 2011): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.10.20.pr0.108.1.301-316.
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The relationship between personality and mental health was investigated in one cohort of police trainees at a South African police academy (1,145 police recruits; 648 men, 497 women). Male trainees reported less somatisation, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety symptoms and lower harm avoidance as well as higher persistence than female trainees. A cluster analysis based on the personality scores was used to identify three clusters with personality profiles characterized as Vulnerable, Healthy, and Intermediate profiles. Sociodemographic variables and temperament and character domain scores contributed separately and differentially to the explanation of variance in mental health symptom scores. Selection tools should be developed to identify vulnerable individuals in terms of personality characteristics during selection and prior to training, to prevent later problems with stress reactions. Additional training modules focusing on coping skills could possibly reduce vulnerability to stress in some trainees.
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Tobias, Sheila. "Math Anxiety: An Update." NACADA Journal 10, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-10.1.47.
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As reported in Overcoming Math Anxiety 1978, 1980, in 600 interviews with college-age and older returning students, Tobias found three significant variables in her subjects' inability to do college-level mathematics: fear of mathematics, the conviction that mathematics is a white male domain, and the conviction that one is either good in mathematics or in language arts but never both. The students' absence of coping skills in dealing with mathematics classes and with their own anxieties appeared to be the main barrier to their attempting mathematics one more time. Subsequently, Tobias focused her research on entering college students. Her second book, Succeed With Math: Every Student's Guide to Conquering Math Anxiety 1987, was commissioned by The College Board. What follows is a selection of excerpts from that book, reconfigured for the use of counselors and advisors.
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Walker, Stacy E., Thomas G. Weidner, and Ashley B. Thrasher. "Small-Group Standardized Patient Encounter Improves Athletic Training Students' Psychosocial Intervention and Referral Skills." Athletic Training Education Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/110138.
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Context: Athletic trainers provide psychological support, counseling, intervention, and referral to patients during clinical practice. However, students are rarely exposed to real-life opportunities to develop these skills. Objective: To determine if a small-group standardized patient (SP) encounter improved athletic training students' interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills. Design: Cohort. Setting: One Midwestern university. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-nine (14 male, 25 female; age = 22 ± 1.0 years) senior athletic training students. Intervention(s): The experimental group (n = 20) engaged in a small-group SP encounter to teach interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills, in addition to normally scheduled classes and clinical education. The control group (n = 19) engaged only in routine classroom and clinical education. Both groups participated in an individual SP encounter to assess skills. Main Outcome Measure(s): A 19-item dichotomous checklist (yes/no) assessed participants on their interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills (eg, listened with interest, asked about eating habits and menstrual period) during the individual SP encounter. A Fisher exact test evaluated differences between the experimental and control group scores for each checklist item. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare combined checklist scores between the experimental and control groups. A Bonferroni correction was performed to control for multiple comparisons. Results: The experimental group experienced a significant increase in psychosocial intervention and referral skills (U = 77.5, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the 2 groups on interpersonal communication skills (U = 138, P = .149). Participants in the experimental group asked the SP about coping strategies for stress more often than the control group (Fisher exact test P < .001). Conclusions: A small-group SP encounter improved the participants' psychosocial intervention and referral skills but not their interpersonal communication skills. These results suggest a small-group SP encounter can provide learning experiences to better prepare athletic training students for clinical practice.
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Mishra, S. "Is prior suicide attempt a reliable indicator of short-term suicide risk amongst patients admitted to an acute suicide inpatient intervention unit in India?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1805.
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IntroductionTraditionally past suicide attempt is considered a strong reliable factor in predicting an immediate or short-term suicide risk. Considering the complex interplay of different variables associated with suicide, the absence of past attempts may not prove to be of lesser risk for a consequent attempt.AimTo compare sociodemographic and clinical correlates within high-risk suicidal patients who have made a recent suicide attempt in the presence versus absence of past suicide attempts.MethodsRetrospective review of patient's records admitted to intensive care unit, applied suicide intervention and supportive treatment (ASIST) between 1st January 2015 and 31st May 2016 was conducted. Data was extracted for all consecutive admissions to ASIST, of adults (16 to 60 years) male patients with high risk for suicide.ResultsOut of 109 at risk inpatients, 31% were recent attempters without past attempts and 13.5% were recent and past attempters. Rest included past attempters without recent attempt and non-attempters. Except for poor coping skills, which were significantly higher (Chi2= 13.97; P = 0.001) in the group consisting recent and past attempters, all other relevant sociodemographic and illness related correlates were comparable across these groups.ConclusionSuicide risk may be associated with multiple factors. Apart from past attempts, a faulty coping style can be associated with risk for further attempts. Other correlates like age, marital status, employment and illness profile did not follow the traditional pattern in our study which makes them equally important while addressing suicide risk in Indian men.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Bogaerts, Stefan, Marinus Spreen, Erik Masthoff, and Marija Jankovic. "Longitudinal Network Structure and Changes of Clinical Risk and Protective Factors in a Nationwide Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 15 (May 29, 2020): 1533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x20923256.
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In this study, we investigated network configurations of 14 Clinical risk and protective factors in a sample of 317 male forensic psychiatric patients across two time points: at the time of admission to the forensic psychiatric centers (T1) and at the time of unconditional release (T2). In terms of network structure, the strongest risk edge was between “hostility–violation of terms” at T1, and between “hostility–impulsivity” at T2. “Problem insight–crime responsibility” was the strongest protective edge, and “impulsivity–coping skills” was the strongest between-cluster edge, at both time points, respectively. In terms of strength centrality, “cooperation with treatment” had the highest strength centrality at both measurement occasions. This study expands the risk assessment field toward a better understanding of dynamic relationships between individual clinical risk and protective factors and points to the highly central risk and protective factors, which would be the best for future treatment targets.
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Ngangue, Patrice, Emmanuelle Bedard, Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun, Julie Payne-Gagnon, Claudia Fournier, Jeannette Afounde, and Marie-Pierre Gagnon. "Returning for HIV Test Results: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators." International Scholarly Research Notices 2016 (December 15, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6304820.
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This systematic review aims to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the return for HIV test results. Four electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quantitative studies published since 1985 were included. Thirty-six studies were included in the final review. Individual level barriers included sociodemographic characteristics, such as being a male, of young age and low education level, risk behaviours such as injecting drugs, having multiple sexual partners, and psychosocial factors. Older age, higher education level, being a woman, having high self-esteem, having coping skills, and holding insurance coverage were identified as facilitators. Interpersonal barriers and facilitators were linked to risk behaviours of sexual partners. Contextual barriers included essentially the HIV testing center and its characteristics. This review identified the most important factors that need to be addressed to ensure that people return for their HIV test results.
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Forster, Myriam, Timothy J. Grigsby, Jennifer B. Unger, and Steve Sussman. "Associations between Gun Violence Exposure, Gang Associations, and Youth Aggression: Implications for Prevention and Intervention Programs." Journal of Criminology 2015 (February 5, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/963750.
Full textAbstract:
Using cross-sectional data collected from three middle schools in Southeast Los Angeles, we assessed the association of neighborhood violence exposure, gang associations, and social self-control with past week aggression in a sample of minority youth (n=164). Results from Poisson and logistic regression models showed that direct exposure to gun violence, having friends in gangs, and low social self control were all positively associated with past week aggression. Among girls, having gang affiliated family members was positively associated with aggression, whereas among boys having friends in gangs was associated with past week aggression. Subjective expectations of engagement in future interpersonal violence were associated with being male, having friends in gangs, and fear of neighborhood gun violence. We recommend that youth violence prevention and intervention programs address the impact of family, peers, and gun violence on student coping and identify students with low social self-control who could benefit from social and emotional skills training.
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Rahim, Sabit, Sadruddin Bahadur Qutoshi, Gul Sahar, Gul Jabeen, and Imran Ali. "Mobile Phone Technologies in Coping with the Challenges and Opportunities of CPEC by the Youth of Rural Mountainous Areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (February 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5816803.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to explore the access of mobile phone, emerging technologies, and use of the mobile phone by the youth of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan, for learning and safety and security purposes. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics was employed to test the research model. Among the 300 distributed sample size, 272 participants responded back including 133 male and 139 female students of Karakoram International University (KIU) from eight districts of GB as research participants for data collection. Only 1 male and 6 females responded that they do not have their own mobile phone, comprising of 90.6% response rate. The results show that 97% of students of rural mountainous areas own a mobile phone. The study contributes valuable findings about the access and positive use of mobile phones for learning and safety and security purposes. The result also shows that the youth of GB have enough skills of mobile phone technologies to cope with the future challenges of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) by taking advantages of China Pakistan Information Corridor (CPIC is a fiber optics cable laid down from the China border to Islamabad Pakistan for the purpose of providing the fast internet facility including 5G). This is the baseline survey and future study will be based on this survey.