Academic literature on the topic 'Male calling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Male calling"
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Greenfield, M. D. "Inhibition of male calling by heterospecific signals." Naturwissenschaften 80, no. 12 (December 1993): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149275.
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Wich, Serge A., and Han de Vries. "Male monkeys remember which group members have given alarm calls." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1587 (December 6, 2005): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3320.
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Primates give alarm calls in response to the presence of predators. In some species, such as the Thomas langur ( Presbytis thomasi ), males only emit alarm calls if there is an audience. An unanswered question is whether the audience's behaviour influences how long the male will continue his alarm calling. We tested three hypotheses that might explain the alarm calling duration of male Thomas langurs: the fatigue , group size and group member behaviour hypotheses. Fatigue and group size did not influence male alarm calling duration. We found that males only ceased calling shortly after all individuals in his group had given at least one alarm call. This shows that males keep track of and thus remember which group members have called.
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Bertram, Susan M., and Lauren P. Fitzsimmons. "The calling songs of male spring field crickets (Gryllus veletis) change as males age." Behaviour 148, no. 9-10 (2011): 1045–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x588812.
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AbstractSexual traits are typically thought to convey information about a male's quality or condition. Female preference for older males has been documented in many taxa, but the evidence that males signal their age is inconclusive. We investigated lifetime patterns of acoustic mate attraction signalling in a longitudinal study of the spring field cricket, Gryllus veletis. We recorded males continuously throughout their lives, such that every pulse of sound produced by every male was analyzed. Our study answers two main questions: (1) Do calls change as males age? Our results reveal that the calls of male spring field crickets change with age; the calls of older males were quieter, with more silent periods within and between chirps, and produced less often than those of younger males. As males aged most of the changes in call structure reflect decreased calling effort. (2) What is the relationship between calling effort and longevity? Lifetime calling effort was positively related to longevity, such that males that called the most over their life also lived longer than males that called less. Together, our findings provide the most thorough exploration of lifetime signalling patterns in crickets to date.
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Terhune, Jack M., and Andrea Dell’Apa. "Stereotyped calling patterns of a male Weddell seal." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (September 2005): 1938–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4780995.
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Aihara, Ikkyu, Ryu Takeda, Takeshi Mizumoto, Takuma Otsuka, and Hiroshi G. Okuno. "Size Effect on Call Properties of Japanese Tree Frogs Revealed by Audio-Processing Technique." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0247.
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[abstFig src='/00290001/23.jpg' width='300' text='Calling behavior of a male Japanese Tree Frog' ] Sensing the external environment is a core function of robots and autonomous mechanics. This function is useful for monitoring and analyzing the ecosystem for our deeper understanding of the nature and accomplishing the sustainable ecosystem. Here, we investigate calling behavior of male frogs by applying audio-processing technique on multiple audio data. In general, male frogs call from their breeding site, and a female frog approaches one of the males by hearing their calls. First, we conducted an indoor experiment to record spontaneous calling behavior of three male Japanese tree frogs, and then separated their call signals according to independent component analysis. The analysis of separated signals shows that chorus size (i.e., the number of calling frogs) has a positive effect on call number, inter-call intervals, and chorus duration. We speculate that a competition in a large chorus encourages the male frogs to make their call properties more attractive to conspecific females.
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Ntombana, Luvuyo. "Should Xhosa male initiation be abolished?" International Journal of Cultural Studies 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2011): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877911405755.
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The Xhosa male initiation practice, as it was viewed in the past, is discussed by focusing on its impact upon the initiates, its contribution to the moral upholding of values and its role in promoting the values of ‘ ubuntu’. The present circumstances surrounding the initiation practice are also evaluated. The outcry of Church and other leaders, who are calling for the practice to be abolished, is recognized. The author asserts that, because of the importance of this practice to Xhosa culture, calling for its abolition is not a solution. It is suggested that the practice rather be redefined to better contribute to the broader challenges of moral regeneration in South Africa.
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Littman-Ovadia, Hadassah, Aryeh Lazar, and Tamar Ovadia. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION OF PRESENCE OF, AND SEARCH FOR, CALLING DURING MEDICAL SCHOOL." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 67, no. 1 (October 25, 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/15.67.52.
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This study focused on the manner in which a sense of calling - presence and search - is perceived by first- and final-year male and female medical students. Differences in level of calling between first-year students and last-year students were predicted, more so for women than for men due to gender bias and family-work integration challenges. A total of 192 medical first and sixth (last) year students at the five Israeli medical schools filled-out a short self-report measure of calling and recorded demographic factors. Discriminate function analysis resulted in one significant discriminate function weighted positively on presence of calling and negatively on search for calling. Group centroids indicate that male medical students perceived presence of calling and search for calling as two poles of a bipolar continuum, whereas first-year students had a distinct feeling of the presence of calling coupled with a low need to search for calling and final-year students had a low feeling of presence of calling coupled with a distinct need to search for calling. In contrast, female medical students - both first-year and final-year - perceived presence and search as two independent dimensions that can coexist. Understanding these differences may be important in helping medical educators find gender-specific ways to maintain and enhance feelings of calling among tomorrow’s male and female physicians. Key words: gender, medical students, presence of calling, search for calling.
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Ratna, Maharani Patria. "JENIS TINDAK TUTUR YANG MENGIKUTI INTERJEKSI PANGGILAN DALAM BAHASA JEPANG." IZUMI 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.4.2.16-23.
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[Types of Speech Acts Following Calling Interjection In Japanese] In speaking, there are times when a calling interjection can be followed by more than one type of speech acts. This research discusses the calling interjection which are used by male speakers in the film Brother Beat. In addition, this study also discussed what kind of speech acts that may follow the call in a speech interjection. The data in this study is a narrative that contains interjection calling spoken by male speakers in the Brother Beat movie. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, the researcher usesscrutinize technique and tapping notes method. The results obtained in this research are, calling interjection, such as Anosa, oi, Anona, nee, you, and ano, are often used by male speakers to call the addressees. After the calling interjection, directive speech act and assertive speech act are speech act which appear to follow the calling interjection. Interjection ano sa, oi, anona, and ano, are types of calling interjection which can be followed by a directive speech acts and assertive speech act. In the other hand, calling interjection of nee, can be only followed by a directive speech act, while calling interjection of you can be followed by a ssertives speech act.
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Fujiwara-Tsujii, N., H. Yasui, S. Wakamura, A. Nagayama, and N. Arakaki. "Male white grub beetles prefer the pheromone composition of young females in the field." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 5 (June 17, 2016): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000432.
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AbstractFemales of the white grub beetle, Dasylepida ishigakiensis, release both (R)- and (S)-2-butanol as sex pheromones, but the males are only attracted to (R)-2-butanol. In laboratory-reared females, the proportion of the (R)-isomer decreased significantly as their calling opportunities increased and as they aged. We examined whether such qualitative changes also occur in field populations. We collected virgin females from the field and then trapped and analysed the volatiles emitted during their first and second callings. The ratio of (R)- to (S)-2-butanol (R/S) was 78:22 at the first calling, but shifted to 39:61 at the second calling. While investigating the composition of the female pheromones, the question arose as to whether the male preferences change in response to the shift in female pheromone composition. To answer this question, we observed the behaviour of young and old males in response to various R/S ratios as lures in the laboratory and in the field. In the flight tunnel assay of laboratory-reared individuals, young males touched female models with a 9:1 R/S ratio lure less than those with pure (R)-2-butanol; however, older males touched the two groups with equivalent frequency. In the field trap test, older males were much more attracted to (R)-2-butanol-scented lures. When we tested using lures with the same amount of (R)-2-butanol but added different amounts of the (S)-isomer, we found that increased levels of (S)-2-butanol resulted in lower attractiveness to males. (S)-2-butanol was confirmed to have an inhibitive activity in the attractiveness of (R)-2-butanol.
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Friedl, Thomas W. P. "Individual Male Calling Pattern and Male Mating Success in the European Treefrog (Hyla arborea): Is there Evidence for Directional or Stabilizing Selection on Male Calling Behaviour?" Ethology 112, no. 2 (February 2006): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01132.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Male calling"
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Sage, Rebecca Michelle Sorensen. "Acoustic sexual communication in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus): Effects of female choice and intermale competition on male calling song." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282624.
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This dissertation reports on a study conducted to examine the morphological, behavioral, and environmental sources of variation in the structure of house cricket, Acheta domesticus, calling song. Song variations may be important in female mating decisions and influence male mating success. Eleven song parameters were measured: chirp duration, interchirp duration, syllable number, syllable duration, intersyllable duration, mean frequency, frequency intensity, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, syllable intensity, and intensity difference between syllable and frequency intensity. Morphological factors examined included body: mass, length, color, asymmetry, intactness; and male age. Behavioral factors were timing of song bouts and proclivity to sing. Environmental conditions of high population densities were simulated by temporarily placing males into an arena with three other males. The calling song structure of tactilely isolated males resulted in three factors: frequency (mean, minimum, and maximum frequencies); intensity (syllable intensity, and intensity difference); and variability (difference between syllable intensity and frequency intensity). Males with high body intactness sang at lower frequencies. Asymmetrical males sang more intense songs. Large males sang with more intensity and frequency variability. Intermale competitions resulted in distinguishable linear dominance hierarchies. Lower-ranking males sang less often than higher-ranking males, altered singing times, and sang quieter songs. Intermale competition resulted in males altering song structure. Analysis of post-competitive songs resulted in three factors: frequency (mean and maximum frequencies, and intensity difference); energy (duty-cycle, intensity, and minimum frequency) and variability (unchanged). Higher-ranking asymmetrical males sang at lower frequencies. Higher-ranking males sang with greater energy, and timed their singing to female receptive times. Higher-ranking, large, intact males sang with less variability. This study indicated that A. domesticus males signal phenotypic information via their calling song characteristics. More specifically, in low population densities males signal information concerning their fitness-related qualities. After having established dominance orders, the male signal information concerning their rank in conjunction with fitness. The implications of this study were that intermale competition altered the song cues available to the females and may alter female mating decisions.
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Heydorn, Per. "Inbreeding decreases upwind pheromone : mediated male flight and frequency in female calling behavior in a lab culture of the pyraloid moth Plodia interpunctella." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18555.
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Semiochemicals are chemicals used to communicate. Animals tend to use these e.g. to locate food sources or to find a suitable mate. In this study, the sex pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, was analysed. Since this is an economically important species, it is mass-reared in labs and science centers worldwide for experimental purposes. A culture of these moths was brought into the lab at Lund University for studies and has after that served as a model species demonstrating up-wind pheromone-mediated male flight in different courses held by the university. As years went by, the culture got less successful in up-wind flights, most probably because of inbreeding and bottleneck effects, and therefore, a new culture was taken in. This study focuses on using various experiments to see if there was a behavioral and/or physiological difference between the two cultures. Results show a significant difference in behavioral traits (frequency of calling behavior in females and in male up-wind flights) but not in physiological traits (female pheromone production or male antennal response). This study discusses some effects of mass-reared lab cultures.
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Sarmiento-Ponce, Edith Julieta. "An analysis of phonotactic behaviour in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290108.
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This thesis represents a comprehensive examination of the phonotactic behaviour (i.e. attraction to sound) of the female Gryllus bimaculatus under laboratory conditions. Chapter 2 is the first study to analyze the effect of substrate texture on walking performance in crickets. Substrate texture is found to play an essential role in the phonotactic responses of G. bimaculatus. Smooth substrate texture has a detrimental effect due to slipping, whereas a rough texture results in optimal walking performance due to the friction with the walking legs. Chapter 3 represents the first detailed lifetime study analysing phonotaxis in crickets. My results demonstrate that the optimal age to test phonotaxis in G. bimaculatus females is from day 7 to 24 after the final moult. I also found that selectiveness was persistent with age. These findings contradict the female choosiness hypothesis. This study is also the first to describe the effect of senescence on phonotaxis in insects, as responsiveness decreases with age. Chapter 4 compares the phonotactic behaviour of female crickets from different laboratory-bred colonies. From six tested cricket lab colonies, I found three groups statistically different from each other. Females raised under laboratory conditions at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University were most reponsive at a frequency of 4.5 kHz, whereas females bred in Tokushima University in Japan were tuned towards a higher frequency of 5 kHz. These results suggest a degree of artificial allopatric speciation. Comparisons with crickets bred under low-quality conditions in a local pet shop demonstrate a loss of responsiveness, indicating that breeding conditions have a direct effect on phonotactic responsivity. Chapter 5 is the first study to report the presence of phonotaxis in males of G. bimaculatus. Previously it was unknown if G. bimaculatus males were able to perform phonotaxis, given that they were only recognised as endurance signal producers. In the present study, only 20% of the studied males (N=70) performed a weak phonotactic response. This finding has potential ecological implications in terms of male cricket territory establishment, and male-male interactions in the wild, which are discussed. Chapter 6 explores the song pattern recognition of the female G. bimaculatus by changing the duration of either the first, second or third pulse of the chirps. A long first pulse decreased the phonotactic response whereas phonotaxis remained strong when the third pulse was long. Chirps with three pulses of increasing duration of 5, 20 and 50 ms elicited phonotaxis, but the chirps were not attractive when played in reverse order. The data are in agreement with a mechanism in which processing of a sound pulse has an effect on the processing of the subsequent pulse, as outlined in the flow of activity in a delay-line and coincidence-detector circuit.
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Guda, Nelson Adkins. "Communication in the Neotropical hylid, Smilisca phaeota call variation, signal recognition, mate discrimination and male calling behavior /." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3120298.
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Bernal, Ximena Eugenia 1975. "The role of sex on behavioral responses to mating signals: studies of phonotaxis and evoked calling in male and female túngara frogs." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3186.
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Signal detection theory predicts that costs associated with recognition errors, specifically failing to respond to relevant stimuli (missed detection) and responding to erroneous ones (false alarms), shape receiver permissiveness in animal communication systems. Fitness costs of missed detection and false alarms in response to sexual signals differ between the sexes, and are usually higher for females than males. This asymmetry in costs predicts that males should be more permissive than females in their responses to signals. In my dissertation I investigate the behavioral responses of male and female túngara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, to mating signals and sounds associated with such calls. Specifically I explore the following topics: i) responses of the sexes to call complexity, ii) perception of congeneric mating calls by males and females, iii) responses of males to the conspecific call compared to those of extant heterospecifics, iv) effect of sounds associated with increased predation risk in reproductive decisions, and v) effect of the task performed by each sex on signal permissiveness. My findings indicate that recognition errors are higher for males than females as predicted by the different costs associated with recognition errors for each sex. Males respond to a broader range of calls than females. Despite the differences, evolutionary history has left a footprint on the brain of both sexes. In addition, I found that females behaved more cautiously than males suggesting that the sexes balance the risk of predation and the cost of cautious mating strategies differently. In the mating system of túngara frog, as in many others, sexual signals elicit different tasks in the different sexes, female phonotaxis and male calling. Therefore, the sexual differences in decision making I found could be either sex-specific independent of task, or task-specific independent of sex. Here I show that sexual differences in receiver permissiveness are motivated by differences due to the typical reproductive tasks displayed by the sexes.text
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Judge, Kevin Andrew. "Survival, Song and Sexual Selection." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/16756.
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Darwinian sexual selection predicts that males with the most extravagant secondary sexual traits suffer elevated mortality. Although correlative evidence has generally not borne this idea out, recent research, including a field cricket study, showed that investment in sexually selected traits is costly to survival. I investigated male survival, ornamentation (song) and mating success in a North American grylline, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, to test the generality of previous work and highlight the importance of ecology differences to resource allocation. As the calling songs of older male G. pennsylvanicus are highly attractive to females, in Chapter 2 I tested whether male age correlated with calling song and found a weak but statistically significant correlation, thus leaving open the possibility that choosy females use an age-based indicator mechanism. In Chapter 3, I tested the condition dependence of male survival and calling effort. In contrast to previous work, I found that high condition males both called more and lived longer than low condition males, although there was no trade-off between survival and calling effort. The substantial condition dependence of calling effort suggests that calling effort is under strong directional selection. In Chapter 4 I tested whether female mating preferences resulted in strong selection on male calling effort. I also tested for the condition dependence of female mating preferences. I found that female choosiness was condition-dependent, but the rank of preferred male songs (preference function) was not. Both low and high condition females preferred high calling effort over low calling effort song. In Chapter 5 I tested for evidence of nonlinear selection on male survival that might explain the nonlinear pattern of male investment in survival seen in Chapter 3 (i.e. male survival leveled-off with increasing condition). I found that socially experienced females, but not virgin and naive females, exerted linear selection on male age. I discuss these and the other results of my thesis in the context of previous work on field crickets and condition-dependent ornamentation. Finally, Appendix A reports results that confirm ancient Chinese cultural knowledge that large headed male crickets are more successful in male-male combat.
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Brown, Lize. "Aspects of the breeding behaviour of Queckett's river frog (Amietia quecketti) / Lize Brown." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14468.
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Acoustic communication in anurans plays a critical role in species recognition, defending
territories and resources, and finding a mate. Anurans use a number of different call note types to
communicate, from which the most notable are advertisement- and aggression calls. Optimum
weather conditions are a precursor to the commencement of the breeding season for all frog
species and their calling behaviour is therefore readily influenced by atmospheric conditions.
Male frogs within a chorus also tend to call from territories within a specific range of distances
from one another. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine a possible context in which
call note types are produced, 2) to determine the effect of atmospheric conditions on calling
behaviour and 3) to determine the spacing distances between males and females in a chorus of
Queckett’s River Frog (Amietia quecketti). Pre-recorded note types were used in a playback
experiment to determine a context for elicited responses. A context was derived for six of the
responses. Advertisement (clicks and whines), aggression (creaks), encounter (tonal notes),
territorial (whine-tonal notes), and release calls (squeaks) were described. Calls and atmospheric
conditions were recorded and correlated for an entire breeding season. Water temperature, wind
speed, humidity and barometric pressure had a significant effect on calling intensity. As water
temperature decreased calling intensity increased, while increased wind temperature led to
increased calling intensity. Amietia quecketti calls from the water, explaining the effect while
increased wind speed decreases water temperature and can carry sound further. Both humidity
and barometric pressure showed increased calling intensity only at specific levels. Humidity and
barometric pressure have a direct effect on one another, which most likely causes the correlation
between calling intensity and both these variables. In this study A. quecketti was shown to have
breeding ponds for males and resting ponds and positions for non-gravid females. This prevents
unwanted or unnecessary amplexus. Males showed much smaller and less variable territory sizes
than females. This is most likely because males have a small range of optimal spacing distance
while females move towards and away from males. The presence of vegetation resulted in
smaller territories. This is possibly because smaller males act as satellite males and cannot be
seen by larger males in vegetation. The size of males did not affect territory size. Males have a
specific inter-male spacing distance regardless of size.MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Books on the topic "Male calling"
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Larkin, Nate. Samson and the pirate monks: Calling men to authentic brotherhood. Nashville, Tenn: W Pub. Group, 2007.
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Samson and the pirate monks: Calling men to authentic brotherhood. Nashville, Tenn: W Pub. Group, 2007.
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Thomas, Katherine Woodward. Calling in "the one": 7 weeks to attract the love of your life. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004.
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J, Schwartz Steven. How to make hot cold calls: Your calling card to personal success. Toronto: Stoddart Pub. Co., 1997.
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The art of whitetail deception: Calling, rattling, and decoying make deer hunt you! Bellvale, NY: Woods N' Water, 2002.
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D, Duffy Ryan, ed. Make your job a calling: How the psychology of vocation can change your life at work. West Conshohocken, Pa: Templeton Press, 2012.
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Rob, Lebow, ed. Succeed in real estate without cold calling: Learn how to make $100,000 your first year selling real estate. New York: SelectBooks, 2005.
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Plevnik, Aljaž, and Tom Rye. Cross-Border Transport and Mobility in the EU Issues and State of the Art. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-546-9.
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“In addressing the issues of cross-border transport and mobility, the CROSSMOBY project and this book make a significant contribution to what the European Union has been calling for several years: to achieve a seamless mobility system in order to strengthen European cohesion and integration. Creating the conditions for structuring an effective mobility system is also a prerequisite for regional economic growth, territorial cohesion and the development of the potential of cross-border regions. Economic development and job creation in the border regions also depend on the benefits that border regions derive from cross-border trade. Improving the supply and quality of rail, road and water links and services also contributes to improving the quality of life of the inhabitants and making these areas more attractive for tourism”. From the preface by Massimiliano Angelotti
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Girls like us: Fighting for a world where girls are not for sale, an activist finds her calling and heals herself. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2011.
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Commission, European. Adapting the institutions to make a success of enlargement: Commission opinion in accordance with Article 48 of the Treaty on European Union on the calling of a conference of representatives of the governments of the member states to amend the treaties : document drawn up on the basis of COM(2000) 34. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Male calling"
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Jørgensen, Søren V., Yves Demazeau, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, and John Hallam. "Biomimetic Agent Based Modelling Using Male Frog Calling Behaviour as a Case Study." In From Animals to Animats 13, 88–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08864-8_9.
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Grimmer, Tamsin. "“I’m going to make a gun!”." In Calling All Superheroes, 18–37. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315150543-2.
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Potts, Garrett W. "Why ‘Fake’ Accounts of Calling Exist and Make People Unhappy." In Work as a Calling, 88–119. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154815-6.
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Durdik, Glen. "Calling the Shots on the iMovie Menus." In iLife ’11 Made Simple, 317–60. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3633-7_18.
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Bakir, Caner, and H. Tolga Bolukbasi. "Changing Policy Advisory Dynamics in the 2000s: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Turkey." In The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Europe, 307–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86005-9_14.
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AbstractThis chapter maps the changing features of the policy advisory system in Turkey and explores the policy advisory roles of Turkish political scientists in the 2000s. It situates Turkey’s statist policy advisory system in an environment of increasing centralization of executive power in a hybrid regime. In this system, government actors dictate the terms of engagement for key policy actors. They do so against the background of externalization, politicization, privatization, Europeanization and societalization of advice. In addition to case study material, the chapter relies on the ProSEPS survey. According to the survey findings, the typical political scientist in Turkey is a male opinionator, who gives generally informal face-to-face advice to mostly civil society organizations, think tanks and civil servants. This opinionator is an expert in international relations, comparative politics and political theory. Political scientists in Turkey’s advisory system do not differ markedly from their European colleagues in terms of their demographic characteristics, educational attainment, employment status, specialization subfields, channels they use and levels of governance they provide advice at. The chapter concludes by calling for further research on the advisory roles of political scientists in this hybrid regime.
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Schiavetta, Marco, and Sonia Startari. "Career Calling: Lights and Shadows." In Employability & Competences, 375–85. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.41.
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In this moment the policies on lifelong guidance, recognition of learning and skills certification seem more working on who should do what and not on how make. It would be desirable to create links between the various providers of training, education and business, allowing for a reframing of orientation processes and of identification and certification of skills. All these practices can reduce distances for those who are likely to remain at the margins of education, training and work (Neet and over fifty)
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Christensen Hughes, Julia. "Academic Integrity Across Time and Place: Higher Education’s Questionable Moral Calling." In Academic Integrity in Canada, 25–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I call on Canada’s higher education institutions to embrace Veritas (truth), in every aspect of the academy. Academic integrity must transcend discussions of student misconduct and apply to all that we are—our history, our research, our curriculum, our pedagogy, our purpose. Tracing Western higher education’s development from medieval times in Europe, through to the US and Canada, I make the case that the academy has paradoxically been both a dominating and liberating force since its inception. While imposing Western conceptions of morality and truth that have shifted over time, and supporting the imperialist ambitions of Church, monarchy and state, higher education has also elevated its graduates to positions of influence within society and advanced national aims. Despite credos of truth telling and missions of character development, higher education’s moral calling has been—and remains—highly questionable. Given the complex challenges the world is facing today, and the need for Canadian institutions of higher learning to confront their colonial roots, it is time for us to critically examine this history and explicitly (re)position integrity at the core of Canada’s higher education institutions.
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Nynäs, Peter, Janne Kontala, Mika Lassander, Nurit Novis-Deutsch, Sofia Sjö, and Paul Stenner. "Family Resemblance in Variations of Contemporary Religiosity and Spirituality: Findings from a Cross-Cultural Study." In The Diversity Of Worldviews Among Young Adults, 73–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94691-3_4.
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AbstractHow can we make sense of religion and spirituality in a cross-cultural perspective? Is it at all possible to compare what we are used to calling ‘religion’ across different cultures? In this chapter we use findings from Faith Q-studies (FQS) in 12 different countries to investigate variance of religion and spirituality from an international perspective. Our results shed light on themes and variations and show the capacity of the FQS to systematically recognize recurring themes while also remaining sensitive to unique but significant nuances across samples. We further propose that the term family resemblance catches well how to comprehend the complexity of variation and provides a conceptual contribution to the debate on universalism vs. particularism.
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Brown, Marvin T. "The Social." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 45–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77363-2_4.
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AbstractThe social is constituted by on-going communication and behavior patterns that influence participants perceptions, expectations and moral boundaries. For some, moral boundaries protect the racial hierarchy of American prosperity by calling natural what is actually social. Controversary about the meaning of sex, race, and ancestry can help us understand this difference, and thereby sharpen our awareness of our experiences of the social from social diversity to social amnesia. Social amnesia eliminates any awareness of the climate of injustice. In this context, a disturbing trend is our increasing reliance on private philanthropy to solve social problems, which moves us toward a new form of feudalism instead of a civic democracy. In a civic space that arises from the connections between our shared humanity and social differences, it is possible to listen to diverse voices and to make incoherent stories coherent.
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"PART III. Kosovo: Made in Yugoslavia." In Homeland Calling, 175–261. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501725654-006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Male calling"
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Jurčec, Lana, Tajana Ljubin Golub, and Majda Rijavec. "TEACHERS' WELLBEING: THE ROLE OF CALLING ORIENTATION, JOB CRAFTING AND WORK MEANINGFULNESS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact035.
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"People who consider their work as a calling find it fulfilling, purposeful, and socially useful, thus leading to higher levels of well-being. Since work is a central part of the identity of people with calling orientation and represents one of the most important domains of their lives, we assume that they are more prone to craft their job. They tend to make the physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work in order to make it more meaningful. Both experiencing work as a calling and job crafting are found to be associated with numerous positive outcomes such as increased job satisfaction, psychological well-being and sense of meaning. This study adds to literature by exploring simultaneously the role of both calling orientation and job crafting in primary teacher’s wellbeing. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between teachers calling orientation, job crafting, work meaningfulness and well-being. In light of the literature on work meaningfulness and psychological well-being, a serial mediation model was proposed with job crafting and work meaningfulness mediating the relationship between teacher calling orientation and teacher flourishing. The sample consisted of 349 primary school teachers (95% female) from public schools in northern western region of Croatia. They have on average 22 years of teaching experience (ranged from 0-43 years). Self-report measures of calling orientation (Work-Life Questionnaire), job crafting (Job Crafting Scale), work meaning (Work Meaningfulness scale) and flourishing (Flourishing Scale) were used. The findings revealed that the job crafting via increasing structural job resources mediated the relationship between calling orientation and work meaningfulness. Furthermore, the results supported the proposed serial mediation between calling orientation and flourishing via increasing structural job resources and increasing work meaningfulness. Based on these findings, several practical implications can be noted. First, interventions aimed at helping teacher view their job as a calling should be promoted in schools. Second, teachers should be encouraged to cultivate job crafting as it is an important path to meaningfulness in work context and overall psychological wellbeing. This is specially the case for increasing structural job resources, such as autonomy and variety at work."
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Anderson, David, K. Blake Perez, Zack Xuereb, Kevin Otto, and Kris Wood. "Design Processes of Design Automation Practitioners." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85436.
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The use of computers during the design process continues to grow, calling for a better understanding of how experts make use of computer tools to automate and augment their design efforts. In this study, we examine how architects and engineers consider the use of computers and computation in planning a solution to a sample design problem. We find the design automation design process can be modeled with four phases; discovery, evaluation, extrapolation and interpolation. Unlike many design methods, we find the evaluation phase generally preceded the extrapolation phase. In addition, we identify common computational strategies and challenges faced by practitioners. Understanding this information can help advise and provide directions for designers across levels of expertise, to better integrate computers and computation in existing design work, and to direct further efforts in design automation research.
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Costello, Gabriel J. "Teaching Product Design Through Industry Collaboration." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20060.
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There has been increased interest in using problem-based pedagogies to enable design engineering undergraduates obtain a more relevant learning experience. Furthermore organizations, such as Engineers Ireland, are calling for graduate engineers to have more rounded skills in the areas of presentation, communication and team-work. However some scholars argue that design “is hard to learn and harder still to teach”. This paper provides an example of using student-industry collaboration in the teaching of product design to Mechanical Engineering final year students at the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) based in Ireland. The work proposes to make an original contribution by directly interfacing with industry in order to simulate a real-life client-designer interaction for students. Finally we argue that this work contributes new insights to the debate on “pedagogies of engagement”.
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Heerwagen, D. R., K. Nicoliasen, and A. F. Emery. "The Effects of Occupancy and Solar Energy on Homes in the Pacific Northwest Constructed According to Improved Thermal Standards." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-9153.
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Abstract The space heating energy needed during the winter heating season in Seattle Washington, USA, was monitored over a 15 year period, 1987–2002. Single family residence houses were constructed to building code standards in force at the time of construction and two more to standards calling for envelopes with improved thermal resistance. Although space conditioning energy needs are strongly affected by occupant behavior, simulations generally ignore the temporal occupant behavior in estimating the energy needed for heating and cooling. Vigorous conservation tactics, which produce a thermal response that is highly transient, can lead to substantially different energy needs. No correlation could be established from the measured space heating when aggressive conservation made use of thermostat setback at every opportunity. In this paper we investigate the effects of occupant behavior and the effect of temporal solar heating of walls in the Seattle area for improved thermal construction.
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Zhou, Fan. "When cycling again - Comparison of safety behaviors of between cyclists of shared, private and public bike in China." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002427.
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Although great convenience has been brought to hundred millions of commuters by bike sharing schemes in recent year in China, safety issues of shared bikes received a lot of concerns. The ever rising number of cyclists make the investigation of safety in riding shared bike an imminent task. We compare the accidents and safety events rate between cyclists of different shared bikes and private bikes, as well as the safety relevant behavior, such as compliance to traffic regulations, and violations like calling mobiles while riding. The survey results indicated that cyclists of commercial shared bike reported more safety incidents, compared to cyclists of private bike and public shared bike, and that cyclists of commercial shared bike also reported more malfunction in brakes and worse maintenance of bikes. However, no significant differences in wearing protection equipment between different bike cyclists. And cyclists of commercial shared bike indicate higher propensity to check information to assist bike riding. Our findings that cyclists of commercial shared bike reported more safety incidents more problems in brakes and worse maintenance may provide suggestions for practitioners in the field.
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Hsu, Chun-Wei, and Chien-Hsu Chen. "Application of Robots for Enhancing Social Presence in Remote Communication Scenarios." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002305.
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The application of robots will be in various situations soon, including the growing need for remote communication accelerated by the COVID-19 epidemic. The usage rate of instant messaging is higher than regular calling, including text, internet calls, and video calls. Since remote communication is now more convenient and more used than before, it is important to make the user experience in remote communication better and clearer. This research aims to design a robot for remote communication to enhance the social presence of remote objects through the interaction between humans and robots and propose a human-robot interaction model based on this purpose. They focus on people’s emotional expressions since one of the most important parts of communication between humans. In order to make it easier for users to accept the robot and have a nice interactive experience with it, the shape of the robot is designed as a beast-like. A bionic quadruped robot that can move flexibly is used as the design prototype, making it possible to adjust the video lens and screen simultaneously and make rich and diverse interactive actions. In this case, the robot would help its user communicate with others, making the user’s emotion expressed appropriately by the robot’s movement, sound, and facial expression. In order to accomplish these functions, the robot should also be able to recognize human facial expressions and body movements by using camera and image recognition; therefore, the robot can react to those inputs.
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Marshall, John, Max Shtein, and Karl Daubmann. "Smartsurfaces: A Multidisciplinary, Hands -on Think Tank." In 2011 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2011.5.
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New design practices are emerging that span multiple traditional disciplinary boundaries. As these new models of practice manifest, new pedagogies also become necessary, often challenging both existing educational models and institutional constraints as a result. Gibbons, et al1 questioned the adequacy of traditional disciplinary structures within universities in the context of broader social, technological and economic contexts. The Association of American Colleges and Universities have argued that universities need to change their practices to develop students as “…integrative thinkers who can see connections in seemingly disparate information and draw on a wide range of knowledge to make decisions.”2 The National Academies have recommended, “…students should seek out interdisciplinary experiences, such as courses at the interfaces of traditional disciplines…”3 and that “…schools introduce interdisciplinary learning in the undergraduate environment, rather than having it as an exclusive feature of the graduate programs.”4 As indicated above, there has been much calling for cross-disciplinarity in education but to date there has been little investigation on the impact of cross-disciplinary courses on learning, especially in comparison to teaching that is more discipline-specific. For educators a central question arises: How do we prepare students to be extra-disciplinary thinkers and doers with “habits of mind”5 that prepare them to make the sort of hybrid responses that complex performance problems demand?
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Grossman, Gershon, and Abdi Zaltash. "ABSIM: Modular Simulation of Advanced Absorption Systems." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0824.
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Abstract The computer code ABSIM has been developed for simulation of absorption systems in a flexible and modular form, making it possible to investigate various cycle configurations with different working fluids. Based on a user-supplied cycle diagram, working fluid specification and given operating conditions, the program calculates the temperature, flowrate, concentration, pressure and vapor fraction at each state point in the system and the heat duty at each component. The modular structure of the code is based on unit subroutines containing the governing equations for the system’s components. A main program calling these subroutines links the components together according to the cycle diagram. The system of equations for the entire cycle is thus established, and a mathematical solver routine is employed to solve them simultaneously. Property subroutines contained in a separate database serve to provide thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. The paper describes the current capabilities and recent improvements made to ABSIM along with examples of simulation results for several rather complex cycles, including lithium bromide-water double-, triple- and quadruple-effect cycles and ammonia-water GAX, branched GAX and vapor exchange (VX) cycles.
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Pandey, Vijitashwa, James Wolfe, and Vipul Shukla. "How Can DFM Help the Study of Neuroanatomy?" In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47540.
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Neuroanatomy is an essential course for healthcare students and imparts knowledge regarding the structure of the human nervous system. Its study requires calling upon many skills from students as well as educators. Particularly, challenging is to understand 3-dimensional structures and their relative positions and interfaces from primarily 2-dimensional images and MRI scans. Use of multiple modalities in teaching has been proposed, particularly supplementation of existing teaching methods with plastinated versions of actual brains. While the benefits of using plastinated specimens are many, it is a labor-intensive process that results in a relatively fragile specimen. Furthermore, any time idiosyncrasies of a specimen make it especially valuable, plastination is limited, because it results in only one specimen. To alleviate these issues, the authors propose scanning and reproduction of these samples using digital modeling and manufacturing techniques focused particularly on 3-D printing. In the context of converting from a purely preservation process to one of replication, it becomes immediately clear that the problem of proper mass reproduction, takes on a Design for Manufacture (DFM) construct, particularly, a design for assembly/disassembly/modularity shape. We show how this problem can be approached within the context of DFM, posed as a mathematical optimization problem and present preliminary results from our experiments.
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Cirstea, Razvan-Gabriel, Chenjuan Guo, Bin Yang, Tung Kieu, Xuanyi Dong, and Shirui Pan. "Triformer: Triangular, Variable-Specific Attentions for Long Sequence Multivariate Time Series Forecasting." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/277.
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A variety of real-world applications rely on far future information to make decisions, thus calling for efficient and accurate long sequence multivariate time series forecasting. While recent attention-based forecasting models show strong abilities in capturing long-term dependencies, they still suffer from two key limitations. First, canonical self attention has a quadratic complexity w.r.t. the input time series length, thus falling short in efficiency. Second, different variables’ time series often have distinct temporal dynamics, which existing studies fail to capture, as they use the same model parameter space, e.g., projection matrices, for all variables’ time series, thus falling short in accuracy. To ensure high efficiency and accuracy, we propose Triformer, a triangular, variable-specific attention. (i) Linear complexity: we introduce a novel patch attention with linear complexity. When stacking multiple layers of the patch attentions, a triangular structure is proposed such that the layer sizes shrink exponentially, thus maintaining linear complexity. (ii) Variable-specific parameters: we propose a light-weight method to enable distinct sets of model parameters for different variables’ time series to enhance accuracy without compromising efficiency and memory usage. Strong empirical evidence on four datasets from multiple domains justifies our design choices, and it demonstrates that Triformer outperforms state-of-the-art methods w.r.t. both accuracy and efficiency. Source code is publicly available at https://github.com/razvanc92/triformer.
Reports on the topic "Male calling"
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Mizrach, Amos, Michal Mazor, Amots Hetzroni, Joseph Grinshpun, Richard Mankin, Dennis Shuman, Nancy Epsky, and Robert Heath. Male Song as a Tool for Trapping Female Medflies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586535.bard.
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This interdisciplinaray work combines expertise in engineering and entomology in Israel and the US, to develop an acoustic trap for mate-seeking female medflies. Medflies are among the world's most economically harmful pests, and monitoring and control efforts cost about $800 million each year in Israel and the US. Efficient traps are vitally important tools for medfly quarantine and pest management activities; they are needed for early detection, for predicting dispersal patterns and for estimating medfly abundance within infested regions. Early detection facilitates rapid response to invasions, in order to contain them. Prediction of dispersal patterns facilitates preemptive action, and estimates of the pests' abundance lead to quantification of medfly infestations and control efforts. Although olfactory attractants and traps exist for capturing male and mated female medflies, there are still no satisfactorily efficient means to attract and trap virgin and remating females (a significant and dangerous segment of the population). We proposed to explore the largely ignored mechanism of female attraction to male song that the flies use in courtship. The potential of such an approach is indicated by studies under this project. Our research involved the identification, isolation, and augmentation of the most attractive components of male medfly songs and the use of these components in the design and testing of traps incorporating acoustic lures. The project combined expertise in acoustic engineering and instrumentation, fruit fly behavior, and integrated pest management. The BARD support was provided for 1 year to enable proof-of-concept studies, aimed to determine: 1) whether mate-seeking female medflies are attracted to male songs; and 2) over what distance such attraction works. Male medfly calling song was recorded during courtship. Multiple acoustic components of male song were examined and tested for synergism with substrate vibrations produced by various surfaces, plates and loudspeakers, with natural and artificial sound playbacks. A speaker-funnel system was developed that focused the playback signal to reproduce as closely as possible the near-field spatial characteristics of the sounds produced by individual males. In initial studies, the system was tasted by observing the behavior of females while the speaker system played songs at various intensities. Through morning and early afternoon periods of peak sexual activity, virgin female medflies landed on a sheet of filter paper at the funnel outlet and stayed longer during broadcasting than during the silent part of the cycle. In later studies, females were captured on sticky paper at the funnel outlet. The mean capture rates were 67 and 44%, respectively, during sound emission and silent control periods. The findings confirmed that female trapping was improved if a male calling song was played. The second stage of the research focused on estimating the trapping range. Initial results indicated that the range possibly extended to 70 cm, but additional, verification tests remain to be conducted. Further studies are planned also to consider effects of combining acoustic and pheromonal cues.
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Nazneen, Sohela. Women’s Leadership and Political Agency in Fragile Polities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.046.
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Recent evidence from Afghanistan shows that even in the most difficult contexts, women will still protest for their rights. This paper draws on evidence from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme to show how women express their political agency and activism and seek accountability in repressive contexts. A4EA research looked at cases of women-led protest in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, and explored women’s political participation in Nigeria and Pakistan. The research shows that despite some success in claim-making on specific issues, ‘sticky norms’ and male gatekeeping prevail and govern women’s access to public space and mediate their voice in these contexts. The paper concludes by calling on donors to go beyond blueprints in programming, and to work in agile and creative ways to support women’s rights organising.
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Loureiro, Miguel, Maheen Pracha, Affaf Ahmed, Danyal Khan, and Mudabbir Ali. Accountability Bargains in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.046.
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Poor and marginalised citizens rarely engage directly with the state to solve their governance issues in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings, as these settings are characterised by the confrontational nature of state–citizen relations. Instead, citizens engage with, and make claims to, intermediaries some of them public authorities in their own right. What are these intermediaries’ roles, and which strategies and practices do they use to broker state–citizen engagement? We argue that in Pakistan intermediaries make themselves essential by: (1) being able to speak the language of public authorities; (2) constantly creating and sustaining networks outside their communities; and (3) building collectivising power by maintaining reciprocity relations with their communities. In doing so, households and intermediaries engage in what we are calling ‘accountability bargains’: strategies and practices intermediaries and poor and marginalised households employ in order to gain a greater degree of security and autonomy within the bounds of class, religious, and ethnic oppression.
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Hart, Tim, J. Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Gary Pienaar, Tinashe Rubaba, and Narnia Bohler-Muller. Literature Review to Support a Survey to Understand the Socio-economic, Wellbeing and Human Rights Related Experiences of People with Disabilities During Covid-19 Lockdown in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.012.
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COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socio-economic, wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both globally and in Africa. Then the literature focused on Humanitarian Disaster Risk Reduction and disability inclusion is discussed. Finally the South African policy and legislation environment on disability and humanitarian action is explored. The review finds that globally there is a limited but growing body of work on COVID-19 and disability. There is a particular dearth of evidence focusing specifically on Africa. The evidence that does exist tends either to be focused on a few particular countries or form part of large global surveys. Much of the global level grey literature published early in the pandemic and subsequently anticipates exacerbated negative experiences for people with disabilities, including exclusion from services, stigma and discrimination and lack of inclusive approaches to relief and support by governments and others. Advisory materials, sometimes focussed on specific subgroups, are generally in agreement about calling for a universally inclusive and disability aware approach to pandemic mitigation across settings and sectors. The limited primary research on COVID-19 and disability is mostly focussed on high income settings and or populations with particular health concerns.
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Handa, Avtar K., Yuval Eshdat, Avichai Perl, Bruce A. Watkins, Doron Holland, and David Levy. Enhancing Quality Attributes of Potato and Tomato by Modifying and Controlling their Oxidative Stress Outcome. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586532.bard.
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General The final goal and overall objective of the current research has been to modify lipid hydroperoxidation in order to create desirable phenotypes in two important crops, potato and tomato, which normally are exposed to abiotic stress associated with such oxidation. The specific original objectives were: (i) the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in regulating endogenous levels of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues; (ii) the effect of modified lipid peroxidation on fruit ripening, tuber quality, crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance; (iii) the effect of simultaneous reduction of LOX and increase of PHGPx activities on fruit ripening and tuber quality; and (iv) the role of lipid peroxidation on expression of specific genes. We proposed to accomplish the research goal by genetic engineering of the metabolic activities of LOX and PHGPx using regulatable and tissue specific promoters, and study of the relationships between these two consecutive enzymes in the metabolism and catabolism of phospholipids hydroperoxides. USA Significant progress was made in accomplishing all objectives of proposed research. Due to inability to regenerate tomato plants after transforming with 35S-PHGPx chimeric gene construct, the role of low catalase induced oxidative stress instead of PHGPx was evaluated on agronomical performance of tomato plant and fruit quality attributes. Effects of polyamine, that protects DNA from oxidative stress, were also evaluated. The transgenic plants under expressing lipoxygenase (LOX-sup) were crossed with catalase antisense (CAT-anti) plants or polyamine over producing plants (SAM-over) and the lines homozygous for the two transgenes were selected. Agronomical performance of these line showed that low catalase induced oxidative stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato plants and resulted in a massive change in fruit gene expression. These effects of low catalase activity induced oxidative stress, including the massive shift in gene expression, were greatly overcome by the low lipoxygenase activity. Collectively results show that oxidative stress plays significant role in plant growth including the fruit growth. These results also for the first time indicated that a crosstalk between oxidative stress and lipoxygenase regulated processes determine the outcome during plant growth and development. Israel Regarding PHGPx, most of the study has concentrated on the first and the last specific objectives, since it became evident that plant transformation with this gene is not obvious. Following inability to achieve efficient transformation of potato and tomato using a variety of promoters, model plant systems (tobacco and potato cell cultures, tobacco calli and plantlets, and Arabidopsis) were used to establish the factors and to study the obstacles which prohibited the regeneration of plants carrying the genetic machinery for overproduction of PHGPx. Our results clearly demonstrate that while genetic transformation and over-expression of PHGPx occurs in pre-developmental tissue stage (cell culture, calli clusters) or in completed plant (Arabidopsis), it is likely that over-expression of this enzyme before tissue differentiation is leading to a halt of the regeneration process. To support this assumption, experiments, in which genetic engineering of a point-mutated PHGPx gene enable transformation and over-expression in plants of PhSPY modified in its catalytic site and thus inactive enzymatically, were successfully carried out. These combined results strongly suggest, that if in fact, like in animals and as we established in vitro, the plant PHGPx exhibits PH peroxidase activity, these peroxides are vital for the organisms developmental process.