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Leander, Ellinor. "Artidentifiering av mögelsvamp med MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80166.
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Snabb och korrekt artidentifiering är avgörande för effektiv behandling av svampinfektioner, särskilt bland immunsupprimerade patienter. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) används rutinmässigt på kliniska laboratorier för identifiering av karaktäristiska proteinmönster hos bakterier och jästsvampar genom tolkning av proteinspektra i en masspektradatabas för korrekt artidentifiering. Mögelsvamparnas hårda cellvägg och heterogena växtsätt med varierande proteinuttryck beroende på mognadsstadie, försvårar identifiering med MALDI-TOF MS. Metodens tänkbara fördelar mot traditionella metoden mikroskopering är förkortade svarstider, säkrare artidentifiering av fler arter och mindre beroende av subjektiv morfologisk bedömning. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om MALDI-TOF MS kunde anpassas och användas för identifieringen av mögelsvamp i klinisk rutindiagnostik. Fyra referensstammar (Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A.terreus, A.flavus) och ett kliniskt isolat (A.terreus) undersöktes. Preparationsmetoderna (I) fullständig myrsyraextraktion, (II) direktapplicering och (III) suspension i destillerat vatten användes för analys av sporer och frontmycel hos yngre och äldre mögelkulturer. Två olika masspektradatabaser för artidentifiering jämfördes; rutindatabasen BDAL och den specialiserade mögeldatabasen Filamentous Fungi Library. Även plocktekniken av mögelmaterial inför analys med MALDI-TOF MS utvärderades. Vid vissa tillfällen förbättrades artidentifieringen efter extraktion av mögelkulturerna, medan i andra fall var direktapplicering fullt tillräcklig. Mögelmaterial med mycket sporer tenderade ge något fler artidentifieringar i BDAL oavsett kulturernas ålder. Filamentous Fungi Library tenderade i vissa fall ge bättre resultat jämfört med BDAL för yngre kulturer. Fler studier krävs för att utvärdera och optimera MALDI-TOF MS som metod för artidentifiering av mögelsvamp.Rapid and accurate species identification is crucial for successful treatment of fungal infections, especially among immunosuppressed patients. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is used routinely at clinical laboratories to identify characteristic protein patterns of bacteria and yeast by the interpretation of protein spectra in a database for accurate species identification. The hard cell wall of the mold and the heterogeneous growth with varying protein expression due to maturation, complicates identification with MALDI-TOF MS. The potential benefits of this method compared to microscopy as traditional method are shortened turn-around times, safer species identification of more species that is independent on subjective morphological assessment. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether MALDI-TOF MS could be adapted and used for the identification of molds in clinical routine diagnostics. Four reference strains (Aspergillus niger, A.fumigatus, A.terreus, A.flavus) and a clinical isolate (A.terreus) were examined. The preparation methods (I) complete formic acid extraction, (II) direct application and (III) suspension in distilled water were used for analysis of spores and frontmycelium from younger and older mold cultures. Two different masspektradatabases for species identification were compared; routine database BDAL and the specialized mold database, Filamentous Fungi Library. Also the collecting technique of mold prior to analysis with MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated. Sometimes, the species identification improved after extraction of mold cultures, while in other cases direct application was sufficient. Cultures with a lot of spores tended to give slightly more species identifications in BDAL regardless of the age of cultures. Filamentous Fungi Library, in some cases, tended to improve the performance compared to BDAL for younger cultures. More studies are required to evaluate and optimize MALDI-TOF MS as a method of mold identification.
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Kempka, Martin. "Improved mass accuracy in MALDI-TOF-MS analysis." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Analytical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-313.
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Halgunset, Anders. "Typing av Legionella pneumophila med MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24697.
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Legionella pneumophila er fakultativ intracellulære bakterier som lever naturlig i akvatiske habitater. De kan replikere i makrofager og protozoer, bli overført til mennesker gjennom areosoler og føre til smitte. Ved eventuelle utbrudd er det viktig å kunne identifisere kilden, noe som i dag bli gjort ved å typebestemme L. pneumophila med sekvensbasert typing (SBT). Samtidig har matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ? time-of-flight (MALDI?TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) vist seg å kunne brukes til rask og effektiv identifisering av en rekke mikroorganismer på artsnivå, deriblant Legionella. Hos enkelte andre mikroorganismer har MALDI?TOF MS også vist å kunne skille mellom underarter. MALDI?TOF MS ble i denne oppgaven benyttet for å undersøke om det var mulig å skille L. pneumophila fra hverandre på stammenivå ved hjelp av MALDI Biotyper 3.0 programvare. Standardprotokollen anbefalt av Bruker Daltonics for proteinekstraksjon fra mikroorganismer ble tilpasset/optimalisert for bruk på L. pneumophila, slik at reproduserbare massespektre ble oppnådd. Evalueringen viste at proteinekstraksjon fra ca 2 µl biologisk materiale med 10 µl acetonnitrill og 10 µl maursyre, ga best scoreverdi opp mot Bruker Daltonics referansebibliotek. Den optimale temperaturen og varigheten for dyrkning ble vist å være henholdsvis 37 ˚C og 48 ± 2 timer. Det ble vist at lagring av skåler/kolonier med L. pneumophila ved 37 ˚C førte til forandringer i massespektrene, mens lagring ved 20 ˚C ikke medførte slike forandringer og at stabile massespektre ble oppnådd etter seks dagers lagring.Det ble bygget opp et referansebibliotek i MALDI Biotyper 3.0 bestående av referansespekter/referansetopplister (MSP) fra til sammen 48 Legionella spp. hvorav 41 var L. pneumophila -isolater. Med referansebiblioteket ble det vist at MSP (dannet ved standard innstillinger) for mange L. pneumophila var for like hverandre til å gi identifisering mot egne MSP. En klyngeanalyse ble brukt i sammenligning av L. pneumophila mellom SBT og MSP fra referansebiblioteket dannet med MALDI?TOF MS. Sammenligningen viste at diversiteten i proteinsammensetningen hos L. pneumophila, representert som MSP, ikke ga samme oppløselighet som gjennom sekvensvariasjonene fra genene i SBT -analysen.
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Bertilsson, Sarah. "Glycanmapping of glycoproteins with UPLC-FLR-MALDI/TOF-MS." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228040.
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Dempwolf, Wibke. "MALDI-TOF in der kontrollierten radikalischen Polymerisation und Präpolymeranalyse." Clausthal-Zellerfeld Papierflieger, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990376834/04.
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Worster, Belinda Mary. "MALDI-TOF-MS and neuropeptide signalling in the nervous system." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360682.
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Niare, Sirama. "Identification du repas sanguin des moustiques par MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0575/document.
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Le MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted, Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) est une technique protéomique qui est utilisée en routine pour l’identification des microorganismes dans les laboratoires de microbiologie. Ainsi, dans ce travail nous avons évalué le MALDI-TOF MS pour l’identification du repas sanguin des moustiques. Dans la première partie de notre travail, une revue bibliographique a été effectuée sur les différentes méthodes (sérologiques, biologie moléculaire) connues dans les études de préférence trophiques des arthropodes. La deuxième partie fut l’optimisation du MALDI-TOF MS pour l’identification de l’origine du repas sanguin des moustiques. Pour l’optimisation, Anopheles gambiae Giles et Aedes albopictus ont été artificiellement nourris sur le sang de plusieurs hôtes vertébrés en utilisant l’appareil Hemotek durant deux heures sous les conditions standard. Nos résultats ont montré que la comparaison des spectres provenant des moustiques nourris sur le même type de sang révèle une grande reproductibilité des profils protéiques. L’interrogation des MS spectres contre la base de données a révélé une identification correcte de l'origine du repas sanguin pour les spécimens collectés moins de 24 heures après la prise du repas sanguin. Pour les échantillons collectés sur le terrain, le MALDI-TOF MS a permis de détecter dans le repas de sang des moustiques une grande diversité d’hôtes domestiques. En conséquence la technique MALDI-TOF MS serait un outil efficace pour les études de surveillance épidémiologique des maladies vectorielles et l'identification de la préférence trophique de spécimens fraichement gorgésMALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted, Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) is a proteomic technique that routinely used for microorganisms identification in clinical microbiology laboratory. Recently, the MALDI-TOF MS was successfully used as a innovative tool for arthropod identification. Thus, in this work we evaluated the MALDI-TOF MS to identify the blood meal sources from engorged mosquitoes. In the first part of our work, a bibliographical review was carried out on the different methods (serological, molecular biology) known in the trophic preference determination of hematophagous arthropods. The second part was optimization of the MALDI-TOF MS for identifying the origin of the blood meal of mosquitoes. For optimization, the Anopheles gambiae Giles and Aedes albopictus were artificially fed on several vertebrate hosts blood using the Hemotek device for two hours under standard conditions. Our results showed intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of MS spectra from mosquitoes engorged on the same or different vertebrate hosts. The MS spectra querying against the database reveal a correct identification of the the blood meal origin from the specimens collected less than 24 hours post-feeding. For field samples, MALDI-TOF MS allowed to detect the mosquitoes blood meal fed on wide variety of domestic hosts. Consequently the MALDI-TOF MS technique would be an effective tool for epidemiological surveys of vector-borne diseases and the identification of the trophic preference of mosquito freshly engorged
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Dallacker-Losensky, Kevin. "Identifizierung von obligaten Anaerobiern der Bacteroides fragilis Gruppe einschließlich Metronidazol-resistenter und Enterotoxin-positiver Stämme mittels MALDI-TOF MS." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-206555.
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Die klassische Identifizierung von obligat anaeroben Bakterien ist mit einem hohen Labor- und Zeitaufwand verbunden. Um festzustellen, ob die Identifizierung mittels Matrix-unterstützter Laser-Desorption/Ionisation und Massenspektrometrie mit Flugzeitanalysator (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOF MS) ein Verfahren ist, um obligate Anaerobier eindeutig zu identifizieren, wurde mit der vorliegenden Arbeit die Identifizierung von unterschiedlichen Spezies der B. fragilis Gruppe mittels MALDI-TOF MS untersucht.
Hierfür wurden 105 obligate Anaerobier der B. fragilis Gruppe aus der Stammsammlung des Institutes für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektionsepidemiologie der Universität Leipzig untersucht. Es fanden sich für die untersuchten Erreger Spektren mit sehr guter Auflösung. Eine Identifizierung und Differenzierung war eindeutig möglich. Unter Verwendung dieser Daten wurde eine Referenzdatenbank erstellt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurden mittels einer verblindeten Studie überprüft, wobei 52 von 53 (98,1%) der untersuchten Stämme eindeutig identifiziert werden konnten. Dies schließt ebenfalls die Identifizierung und Differenzierung von 15 Metronidazol-sensiblen/ Enterotoxin-negativen, 8 Metronidazol-resistenten/ Enterotoxin-negativen und 8 Metronidazol-sensiblen/ Enterotoxin-positiven B. fragilis Stämmen ein.
Die Identifizierung mittels MALDI-TOF MS ist somit eine zuverlässige Methode zur Identifizierung von obligaten Anaerobiern der B. fragilis Gruppe. Weiterhin finden sich Hinweise, dass ein Nachweis von Resistenz-, Virulenz- und Pathogenitätsfaktoren mittels MALDI-TOF MS bei diesen Erregern möglich ist.
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Chen, Shuo. "MALDI-TOF MS data processing using wavelets, splines and clustering techniques." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1112104-113123/unrestricted/ChenS121404f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1112104-113123 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Hamdi, Cassandra. "Clostridium difficile : Rapid typing Clostridium difficile using MALDI-TOF MS analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17659.
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Elvingson, Ebba. "Art- och genusbestämning av bakterier direkt från blododlingar med MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36355.
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Sepsis är ett allvarligt tillstånd som uppstår när bakterier går från vävnad till blodbanan. Positiva blododlingar odlas på agarplattor och bakterier analyseras med Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-of-flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) där prov blandas med en matrix och sedan bestrålas med laser. Proteinerna i provet joniseras och rör sig mot en detektor, vilket ger ett m/z-spektrum som jämförs med referensspektrum i en databas och ett score-värde erhålls över hur väl analyten liknar referensen. Arbetets syfte var att undersöka möjligheten att direktidentifiera bakterier från blod med en viss preparation innan analys med MALDI-TOF MS och på så vis möjliggöra snabbare preliminära svar samt undersöka möjligheten att särskilja Staphylocoocus aureus och koagulasnegativa stafylokocker. Innan analys med MALDI-TOF MS centrifugerades blod från positiva blododlingar blod i flera steg med 5 % natriumkloridlösning (NaCl-metoden). Dessutom testades ett kommersiellt kit (Sepsityper, Bruker Daltonics). Med NaCl-metoden sågs korrekt identifiering hos 66 % av inokulerade proverna. Av blododlingar innehållande med S. aureus respektive koagulasnegativa stafylokocker identifierades 60 % respektive 43 % av bakterierna korrekt. Med Sepsiptyper erhöll 58 % av proverna godkänt score-värde. Slutsatsen blev att det är möjligt att identifiera bakterier direkt från blod efter viss preparation, men metoden bör utvecklas mer då det fanns en signifikant skillnad i score mellan NaCl-metoden och nuvarande metod. Det är dock möjligt att skilja mellan Staphylococcus aureus och koagulasnegativa stafylokocker. Fler studier är nödvändiga för att avgöra möjligheten att föra in någon av metoderna i rutindiagnostiken.
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Liti, Samone. "Evaluation of sample preparation techniques for MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of oligosaccharides." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277957.
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The aim of this study was to optimize the sample preparation and methods for analysis of oligosaccharides of hyaluronic acid with MALDI- TOF-MS. The analysis was carried out on an Autoflex speed MADLI-TOF- MS instrument with both linear and reflectron mode. Matrices used in this study were 2,5-DHB and Super-DHB and type of matrix was chosen depending on the size of the analyzed oligosaccharides. The application of sample and matrix on the target that gave the most homogenous crystallization was sandwich and the laser power in the MALDI was kept at 65 %. Since it is known that salts and buffers interfere with the analysis, sample clean-up such as solid phase extraction (SPE) in pipette tips and dialysis was performed. SPE worked best for low mass oligosaccharides and provided high intensity and little noise. With SPE a concentration of the analyte could be done which was the advantage over dialysis. Dialysis worked well for larger oligosaccharides and mixtures of different sized oligosaccharides. Another way of using MALDI for biomolecule analysis is with TLC-MALDI. A fast and accurate separation was achieved and analysis could be done directly from the plate. The optimized methods were evaluated according to linearity and precision, LOD, mass accuracy and matrix stability. The linearity and precision was good in a higher concentration range (50 μg/mL and higher), but the test for limit-of-detection (LOD) indicated that concentrations from 20-30 μg/mL could be analyzed with no interference from the background. The mass accuracy was within the acceptable limits according to Bruker Daltonics when a mass calibration was done for each analyzed sample. The stability of the matrix in solution was difficult to study because of the day-to-day variation in intensities given by the MALDI-TOF-MS technique.
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Ye, LiYun. "Characterization of A-type Proanthocyanidins in Peanut Skins Using MALDI-TOF MS." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72283.
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Peanut skin, a low-value agriculture waste product, has drawn lots of research interest in recent years, due to its high content of A-type proanthocyanidins. A-type proanthocyanidins have been believed to contribute to cranberries' anti-UTI (urinary tract infection) effect. In this study, we compared the A-type proanthocyanidins in cranberry and peanut skin crude extracts using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Many similarities were found in the proanthocyanidin composition of cranberries and peanut skins. New oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins in peanut skins, including heteroproanthocyanidins and proanthocyanidins with sugar moieties or galloyl esters, were tentatively identified. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC fractionation largely improved MALDI-TOF's ability to detect proanthocyanidins with high degrees of polymerization (DP). By analyzing the identified compounds in each fraction, we were also able to find some interesting elution pattern of the proanthocyanidins on the SPE cartridges and on the HPLC column. For example, the elution order on both the SPE cartridges and the diol phase column generally followed the DP. A-type proanthocyanidins tended to elute earlier than the B-type. Prodelphinidins retained much longer than other proanthocyanidins with the same DP. These findings may help researcher to identify future research directions and develop new separation methods to facilitate the identification of bioactive components in proanthocyanidin-rich plant extracts.Ph. D.
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Nakano, Satoshi. "Development and evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS-based serotyping for Streptococcus pneumoniae." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215402.
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Norrman, Cassandra. "Validering av online databas för identifiering av svamp med MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160083.
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Lobão, Francisco José Barros. "Valor do MALDI-TOF no diagnóstico bacteriológico na fibrose quística." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13870.
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Mestrado em MicrobiologiaA fibrose quística é a doença hereditária autossómica recessiva frequentemente associada à raça caucasiana. Atualmente, a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade é o declínio gradual da função pulmonar devido à colonização crónica por diversas bactérias e fungos, onde os bacilos Gram negativo não fermentadores têm um papel fundamental. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar duas tecnologias diferentes de identificação bacteriana, na sua capacidade de fornecer uma identificação o mais completa e fidedigna possível, dos bacilos de Gram negativo não fermentadores, em doentes com fibrose quística. Dentro deste objetivo, pretendia-se avaliar o impacto e possível introdução da tecnologia MALDI-TOF MS na rotina de um grande hospital. Para isso, foi realizada uma recolha de dados dos resultados bacteriológicos das amostras respiratórias de 85 doentes com fibrose quística do Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE. De janeiro de 2002 a 28 de fevereiro de 2013 foram analisados os microrganismos isolados em 1000 amostras, utilizando o VITEK® 2, onde 77,5% dos isolamentos foram identificados ao nível da espécie, 12% ao nível do complexo e 6,7% ao nível do género, não tendo identificado a bactéria em 3,8%. Entre 01 de março de 2013 e 08 de agosto de 2014 foram analisadas 175 amostras usando o VITEK® MS, obtendo uma identificação ao nível da espécie em 73,1% das vezes, 6,3% ao nível do complexo e 20,6% ao nível do género. Assim, é possível concluir que a introdução da tecnologia MALDI-TOF MS permitiu um melhoramento na identificação bacteriana, com a vantagem de fornecer uma identificação fidedigna em apenas alguns minutos e utilizando uma pequena quantidade de inóculo. No entanto, constatou-se que há necessidade de melhorar a base de dados para alguns géneros de bacilos Gram negativo não fermentadores, de forma a possibilitar uma identificação ainda mais eficaz.
Cystic fibrosis is the most frequent autossomic recessive hereditary disease in Caucasian race. Gradual decline of pulmonary function originated by chronic bacteria and fungi colonization is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis and non-fermenters bacilli have a fundamental role in the colonization. The objective of this work is compare two different bacteria identification technologies through the ability to provide the most complete and reliable identification possible of non-fermenters Gram negative bacilli in cystic fibrosis patients. Within this aim, the intention was evaluate the impact and possible introduction of MALDI-TOF MS technology in the routine of a large hospital. To achieve that goal, a data collection of bacteriological results from respiratory samples of 85 cystic fibrosis patients from Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE was performed. Between January 02 2002 and February 28 2013, microorganisms isolated in 1000 samples were analysed using VITEK® 2, which identified at species level in 77.5%, 12% at complex level and 6.7% at genus level, and in 3.8% of cases no identification was made. Between March 01 2013 and August 08 2014 have been analysed 175 samples using VITEK® MS and it proceed the identification at species level in 73.1%, 6.3% at complex level and 20.6% at genus level. Thus, it is possible to conclude that MALDI-TOF MS technology has enabled an improvement in bacterial identification, taking the advantage of providing an identification in just a few minutes. However, it is necessary to improve the database for some genera of non-fermenters Gram negative bacilli, in order to permit a more efficient identification.
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Sorensen, Christina M. "ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS for the characterization and analysis of metallo-oligomers and proteins." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1031044031&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Matajira, Carlos Emilio Cabrera. "Identificação de estirpes do gênero Streptococcus pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-27102015-082622/.
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Métodos microbiológicos tradicionais como isolamento, coloração de Gram e testes bioquímicos auxiliam na identificação do gênero Streptococcus, no entanto, as espécies apresentam ampla variação fenotípica, tornando difícil a identificação ou diferenciação das mesmas apenas por estes métodos. Uma das espécies mais importantes em suínos, Streptococcus suis, tem provocado grandes prejuízos em todo o mundo e tem sido descrito como uma importante zoonose em alguns países. S. suis está presente nas vias respiratórias superiores, colonizando principalmente tonsilas, cavidades oral e nasal facilitando a alta disseminação por contato direto, principalmente em leitões entre 4 e 12 semanas de vida. Os quadros clínicos mais frequentes em suínos infectados pelo S. suis são meningite, artrite e pneumonia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar estirpes do gênero Streptococcus mediante as técnicas de reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA e espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF (MALDI-TOF MS). As análises por PCR e por MALDI-TOF MS resultaram na identificação de 215 estirpes como S. suis e 35 como diferentes espécies pertencentes ao gênero Streptococcus. Os resultados da identificação das 35 estirpes pertencentes a outras espécies do gênero Streptococcus pelo MALDI-TOF MS foram confirmados pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA, sendo que as duas técnicas apresentaram 100% de concordância. Os resultados obtidos indicam grande eficácia na utilização das técnicas avaliadas para a identificação de S suis e de outras espécies do gênero Streptococcus. A técnica de MALDI-TOF MS, apesar do custo elevado do equipamento, apresentou a vantagem de ser rápida, apresentar baixo custo por análise e reduzida utilização de materialTraditional microbiological methods such as isolation, Gram staining and biochemical tests help to identify the Streptococcus genus, however, the species present broad phenotypic variation, making it difficult for their identification or even differentiation just by these methods. One of the most important species in swine, Streptococcus suis, has led to great losses worldwide and has been described as an important zoonosis in some countries. S. suis is present in the upper airways, especially colonizing tonsils, oral and nasal cavities facilitating the high dissemination by direct contact, especially among piglets between 4 to 12 weeks of age. The most common clinical manifestations in pigs infected by S. suis are meningitis, arthritis and pneumonia. The aim of this study was to identify Streptococcus strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). PCR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis resulted in the identification of 215 strains as S. suis and 35 as different species of the Streptococcus genus. The identification of the 35 strains belonging to other species of the genus by MALDI-TOF MS was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing, and both techniques presented 100% concordance. These results demonstrate the high efficiency in the use of the evaluated techniques for the identification of S. suis and the other species of the Streptococcus genus. The MALDI-TOF MS technique, despite the equipment high cost, presented the advantage of being fast, have low cost per analysis and reduced material usage
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Mello, Rodrigo Ventura de. "Aplicação de MALDI-TOF MS na caracterização de microalgas da família Selenastraceae (Chlorophyta)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8748.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
The morphological variability in the Selenastraceae family has been a barrier to a good establishment of well-defined taxonomic groups. Several studies with molecular compounds have already demonstrated its importance in the elucidation of this relation. In this scenario, the present study used a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization timeof- flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique as a tool to differentiation of the microalgae of this family at the species and strains levels. A group of 18 strains, belong to in 12 different species, of freshwater microalgae was selected. Cells and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed in the middle exponential growth phase. The analyzes were performed in two different mass ranges: 400 to 2,000 Da and 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Each strain that yielded unique spectra with a good resolution of peaks and reproducibility was selected for clusters analyzes. These spectra were used to make a dissimilarity analysis that showed the capability of differentiation of the strains and species. The strains of the genera Monoraphidium were not all grouped, possibly because it is a polyphyletic group. The praticity and quickness of this technique for data acquisition, allied with the low cost of the analysis, are factors that favor its application in taxonomic studies.
A baixa variedade morfológica presente na família Selenastraceae tem sido uma barreira para o estabelecimento de grupos taxonômicos bem definidos. Estudos realizados com diversos marcadores moleculares já demonstraram a importância dos compostos produzidos por esses organismos na elucidação dessas relações. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a aplicação da espectrometria de massa por MALDI-TOF como ferramenta para a discriminação de cepas e espécies dessa família. Foram selecionadas 18 cepas, classificadas em 12 espécies diferentes, de microalgas de água doce. As células e a matéria orgânica dissolvida (MOD) analisadas foram amostradas de cultivos no meio da fase exponencial de crescimento. As análises foram feitas em duas extensões de massa: massas baixas (400 – 2000 Da) e massas altas (2 – 20 kDa). Para cada tipo de análise foram selecionadas as cepas que renderam espectros com boa resolução de picos. Esses espectros foram então utilizados em análises de dissimilaridade para a elaboração de dendrogramas, evidenciando a capacidade da técnica para a distinção de cepas e espécies. Apesar das cepas do gênero Monoraphidium não ficarem todas agrupadas, o que possivelmente ocorre devido ao fato do grupo ser polifilético. A grande rapidez e praticidade desta técnica para a obtenção de dados, aliado ao baixo custo das análises, são fatores que favorecem a sua aplicação neste tipo de estudo.
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Sauerbrey, Kerstin. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Mastitisdiagnostik mittels MALDI-TOF MS-Analytik und molekularbiologischen Methoden." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-179910.
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Olsson, Linnea. "Detection of synergistic activity of antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae using MALDI-TOF MS." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45032.
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Borgmann, Toralf Harald. "Schnelle Identifizierung von oralen Actinomyces-Arten des subgingivalen Biofilms mittels MALDI-TOF-MS." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-189236.
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Aktinomyzeten sind ein Teil der residenten Flora des menschlichen Verdauungstraktes, des Urogenitalsystems und der Haut. Die zeitraubende Isolation und Identifikation der Aktinomyzeten durch konventionelle Methoden stellt sich häufig als sehr schwierig dar. In den letzten Jahren hat sich jedoch die Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption/Ionisation-Flugzeit-Massenspektrometrie (MALDI-TOF-MS) als Alternative zu etablierten Verfahren entwickelt und stellt heutzutage eine schnelle und simple Methode zur Bakterienidentifikation dar. Unsere Studie untersucht den Nutzen dieser Methode für eine schnelle und zuverlässige Identifizierung von oralen Aktinomyzeten, die aus dem subgingivalen Biofilm parodontal erkrankter Patienten isoliert wurden. In dieser Studie wurden elf verschiedene Referenzstämme aus den Stammsammlungen ATCC und DSMZ und 674 klinische Stämme untersucht. Alle Stämme wurden durch biochemische Methoden vorab identifiziert und anschließend ausgehend von den erhobenen MALDI-TOF-MS-Daten durch Ähnlichkeitsanalysen und Klassifikationsmethoden identifiziert und klassifiziert. Der Genotyp der Referenzstämme und von 232 klinischen Stämmen wurde durch Sequenzierung der 16S rDNA bestimmt. Die Sequenzierung bestätigte die Identifizierung der Referenzstämme. Diese und die zweifelsfrei durch 16S rDNA Sequenzierung identifizierten Aktinomyzeten wurden verwendet, um eine MALDI-TOF-MS-Datenbank zu erstellen. Methoden der Klassifikation wurden angewandt, um eine Differenzierung und Identifikation zu ermöglichen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Kombination aus Datenerhebung mittels MALDI-TOF-MS und deren Verarbeitung mittels SVM-Algorithmen eine gute Möglichkeit für die Identifikation und Differenzierung von oralen Aktinomyzeten darstellt.
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Yssouf, Amina. "Identification des arthropodes vecteurs et des micro-organismes associés par MALDI-TOF-MS." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5031/document.
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Les arthropodes vecteurs sont hématophages et peuvent assurer la transmission biologique active d'un agent pathogène responsable de maladies humaines ou animales. La lutte anti-vectorielle et la surveillance épidémiologique des vecteurs sont essentielles dans la stratégie de lutte contre les maladies vectorielles. Disposer d'outils d'identification précis, fiable et rapides des vecteurs et des pathogènes associés est indispensable. Ainsi dans ce projet nous avons évalué l'utilisation du MALDI-TOF MS pour identifier les arthropodes vecteurs ainsi que la détection des pathogènes associés. La première partie de notre travail consistait à utiliser MALDI TOF pour identifier les tiques, moustiques et les puces. Nous avons déterminé quelle partie du spécimen permettait d'obtenir une reproductibilité des spectres et une identification correcte par des tests à l'aveugle après création d'une base de données de référence. La deuxième partie consistait à utiliser le MALDI-TOF MS pour détecter des Rcikettsies associés aux tiques dont Rickettsia conorii et R. slovaca, deux pathogènes humains transmis respectivement par Rhipicephalus sanguineus et Dermacentor marginatus. Des variations spectrales étaient obtenues entre les spécimens infectés et non infectés, avec des masses spécifiques liés à l'infection des tiques par les rickettsies. La technique d'identification était validée par des tests à l'aveugle. Les résultats obtenus permettent de conclure que le MALDI TOF pourra être utilisé dans l'avenir pour identifier les tiques prélevées chez des patients, les arthropodes vecteurs lors des enquêtes entomologiques et préciser la prévalence d'infection de ces arthropodesArthropods are vectors bloodsucking and can ensure the active biological transmission of a pathogen responsible of human or veterinary diseases. The vector control and vectors epidemiological surveillance are essential in the strategy against the vectors-borne diseases. Accurate, reliable and rapid identification of vectors and associated pathogens are essential. Thus, in this project we evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the arthropods vectors identification as well as for the detection of associated pathogens. This proteomics technology emerged since few years ago and is currently used in routine for bacteria identification in many microbiology laboratories. In the first part of our work, we used the MALDI TOF to identify the tick, mosquito and flea species. For each arthropod, we determined which part allowed obtaining reproducible spectra by MALDI TOF and correct identification by blind test, after reference database creation. The second part consisted to use the MALDI-TOF MS to detect the associated Rickettsia in ticks including Rickettsia conorii and R. slovaca, two human pathogens transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and respectively Dermacentors marginatus. The spectral variations were obtained between infected and non infected specimens with specific masses related to the tick infection by Rickettsia. The identification technique of not or infected ticks was validated by blind tests. The obtained results allowed concluding that the MALDI-TOF MS could be used in the future to identify the ticks removed from patient, the arthropods vectors and during entomological survey and determine the prevalence of infection of these arthropods
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Lo, Cheikh Ibrahima. "Répertoire des bactéries identifiées par Maldi-Tof en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5051/document.
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Le répertoire des bactéries est mal connu en Afrique du fait des méthodes d’étude essentiellement basées sur des techniques de culture sur milieux simples associées à des tests biochimiques, ce qui ne permet pas son exploration. Il a néanmoins été récemment bouleversé par l’usage systématique de la spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF MS.Au cours de nos travaux de thèse de doctorat, nous avons utilisé deux types de spectromètres de masse: le MALDI-TOF Vitek MS, nouvellement installé à Dakar; le MALDI-TOF Microflex LT, installé à Marseille. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus ont montré, pour la première fois, que la technique du MALDI-TOF est efficace et tout à fait adaptée en Afrique pour le diagnostic spécifique de routine. Cette performance a conduit le laboratoire clinique de l’HPD à opter pour son utilisation à la place des traditionnelles techniques d’identification phénotypique telles que les galeries API. Nous avons également confirmé que le MALDI-TOF est un puissant outil d’identification des espèces bactériennes rarement impliquées dans les maladies infectieuses humaines. De plus, cet outil nous a permis de détecter sept nouvelles espèces de bactéries isolées pour la première fois chez l’homme. En Afrique, il faudrait donc multiplier l’installation de spectromètre de masse MALDI-TOF, ou mettre en place des réseaux autour de plateformes MALDI-TOF sous-régionales partagées entre plusieurs structures sanitaires et/ou de rechercheThe Africa bacteria repertory is unfamiliar because the available tools in this region are not allowed its best knowledge. In fact, bacteria are most often identified using culture techniques on simple media and biochemical tests which enable the identification of some common characters. These methods do not facilitate an exhaustive knowledge of the bacterial repertory; consequently they have recently been revolutionized by the systematic use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS).In our thesis we used two mass spectrometers, respectively, MALDI-TOF Vitek MS currently installed at Dakar (Senegal) and MALDI-TOF Microflex LT installed in Marseille (France). In addition we have also confirmed that MALDI-TOF is a powerful tool for identifying bacterial species rarely involved in human infectious diseases. Thus in adopting the MALDI-TOF as a first-line tool in bacterial identification before Gram staining or other techniques of phenotypic identifications based on chemical characteristics, we discovered seven new species of bacteria isolated for first time in humans. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS is currently feasible in Africa. Its performance and effectiveness in routine diagnosis of clinical microbiology laboratories have been proven. It is necessary either to increase the installation of MALDI-TOF, or establishing a network around a shared MALDI-TOF platform between several structures located in the same area, especially in the underdeveloped countries of Africa amortization of investment costs of the device, because it allowed reducing the time of reporting results and indirectly facilitating better care for patients
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Keller, Bernd Oskar. "Nanoliter chemistry combined with microspot MALDI TOF MS for sensitive protein and peptide characterization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60307.pdf.
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Åkerman, Anna, and Refel Sayfawi. "Etablering av MALDI-TOF MS och webbaserad referensdatabas för identifiering av dermatofyter och mögelsvamp." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40343.
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Syftet med studien var att etablera Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) och onlinedatabasen Mass Spectrometry identification platform(MSI) som metod för identifiering av dermatofyter och mögelsvamp. Svamparna inkuberades 3 eller 6 dagar aerobt i 30°C på Sabouraud dextros agar. Två olika extraktionsmetoder användes innan analys med MALDI-TOF MS. Spektra analyserades med Flexcontrol version 3.4 och resulterade i scorevärde. De spektra som framkom skickades även till MSI för ytterligare analys där resultat erhölls som sannolikhet i procent. Av de ursprungliga 23 st prov identifierades totalt 22st(95,6%) efter 3 eller 6 dagars inkubation och med extraktionsmetod 1 eller 2. MSI databasen var mer omfattande än den interna databasen, men använde sig inte av de aktuella namnen. Behovet av artidentifiering kan ifrågasättas, då många dermatofyter och mögel inom samma släkte behandlas på samma sätt. Artbestämning för immunsupprimerade patienter kan däremot vara viktigt. Studien var lyckad och metoderna kommer tillämpas inom en snar framtid på Klinisk Mikrobiologi i Halmstad.The purpose of this study was to establish Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) and the online database Mass Spectrometry identification platform(MSI) as a method for identification of dermatophytes and molds. The fungi were incubated 3 or 6 days aerobic in 30°C on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Two different extraction methods were used before analysis with MALDI-TOF MS. Spectra analyzed with Flexcontrol version 3.4 resulted in score values. The same spectra was later sent for analysis with MSI and the result obtained was seen as probability in percent. Of the original 23 samples a total of 22(95,6%) samples were identified after 3 or 6 days of incubation and by extraction method 1 or 2. The MSI database was more comprehensive than the internal database, but did not use the current fungi names. The necessity of species identification can be questioned, since dermatophytes and molds within the same genera is treated the same way. Species identification for immunosuppressed patients could however be significant. The study was successful and the methods will be applied within a near future in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory in Halmstad.
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Barreiro, Juliana Regina. "Identificação direta de microrganismos causadores de mastite por espectrometria de massas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-25082015-165957/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a técnica de espectrometria de massas por ionização/dessorção a laser assistida por matriz tempo-de-vôo (MALDI-TOF) para a identificação direta em amostras de leite (sem cultivo microbiológico) de bactérias causadoras de mastite. Para tanto foram realizados dois experimentos (1 e 2). No experimento 1, o objetivo foi determinar a sensibilidade diagnóstica da técnica MALDI-TOF MS para a identificação direta em amostras de leite de Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae e Escherichia coli. Foram realizadas contaminações experimentais de S. aureus, S. uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae e E. coli em amostras de leite, para a obtenção de contagens de 103 a 109 ufc/mL. As amostras de leite contaminadas foram processadas com o uso do kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) e submetidas ao protocolo de lise bacteriana para posterior análise por MALDI-TOF MS. Espectros de massas foram coletados na faixa de massas de 2.000-20.000 m/z e foram analisados pelo programa MALDI Biotyper 3.0 (Bruker Daltonics) com as configurações padrão para obtenção da identificação bacteriana. A identificação direta de patógenos causadores de mastite a partir de amostras de leite foi possível em contagem ≥106 ufc/mL para S. aureus, ≥107 ufc/mL para E. coli, e ≥108 ufc/mL para S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae e S. uberis. No experimento 2, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da pré-incubação de amostras de leite de quartos mamários com mastite subclínica sobre a eficácia da identificação sem cultivo de patógenos causadores de mastite por MALDI-TOF MS. Foram selecionados 2 rebanhos leiteiros para coletas de leite de quartos mamários de todas as vacas em lactação. As amostras de leite foram submetidas às análises de: a) cultura microbiológica; b) pré-incubação seguida de identificação por espectrometria de massas diretamente do leite; c) contagem bacteriana total (CBT). Para a realização da CBT, as amostras de leite foram submetidas à citometria de fluxo; e para a identificação direta de patógenos causadores de mastite a partir do leite, as amostras foram submetidas ao desnate por centrifugação (10.000 Xg por 10 minutos), e pré-incubação a 37ºC por 12 horas. Posteriormente, as amostras foram processadas com o uso do kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) e submetidas ao protocolo de lise bacteriana para posterior análise por MALDI-TOF MS. Do total de 810 amostras de leite analisadas por cultura microbiológica (método referência), 347 apresentaram crescimento bacteriano, sendo 305 identificadas como agentes de interesse na identificação direta pelo método MALDI-TOF MS: Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (n=191), S. aureus (n=31), S. agalactiae (n=42), S. uberis (n=37), S. dysgalactiae (n= 4). Sendo assim, 305 amostras foram analisadas pelo método de idenfificação direta MALDI-TOF MS, a qual apresentou baixa sensibilidade quando comparado com a cultura microbiológica (método referência): Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (14,08%), S. agalactiae (15,25%), S. uberis (1,69%) S. aureus (6,12%) e S. dysgalactiae (0%). A pré-incubação de amostras de leite não aumentou a sensibilidade de identificação direta de microrganismos causadores de mastite pelo método MALDI-TOF MS.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the technique of mass spectrometry by desorption / ionization assisted laser array time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) for the direct identification in milk samples (no microbiological culture) of mastitis causing bacteria. Therefore, we carried out two experiments (1 and 2). In experiment 1, we determined the diagnostic sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS technique for the direct identification in milk samples of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Escherichia coli. Experimental contamination of S. aureus, S. uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and E. coli in samples of milk to a concentration of 103-109 cfu/mL were performed. The contaminated milk samples were processed using kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) and subjected to bacterial lysis protocol for analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. Mass spectra were collected in the mass range of 2000-20000 m/z and were analyzed by MALDI Biotyper 3.0 software (Bruker Daltonics) with default settings to obtain bacterial identification. Direct identification of mastitis causing pathogens from milk samples was possible at ≥106 cfu/mL for S. aureus, ≥107 cfu/mL for E. coli and ≥108 cfu/mL for S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. In experiment 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-incubation of milk samples from mammary quarters with subclinical mastitis on the effectiveness of identification without cultivation, of mastitis-causing pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS. We selected mammary quarter milk samples from all lactating cows on two dairy herds. The milk samples were subjected to analyzes of: a) microbiological culture; b) pre-incubation followed by identification by mass spectrometry directly from milk; c) total bacterial count (TBC). Flow cytometry was used to determine TBC and; to directly identify the mastitis-causing pathogens from milk, fat was separated by centrifugation (10,000 Xg for 10 minutes) and; samples were pre-incubated at 37°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the skim milk samples were submitted to kit Maldi Sepsityper® (Bruker Daltonics) and to the bacterial lysis protocol for analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 810 milk samples were analyzed by microbiological culture (reference method), of which 347 showed bacterial growth. Considering all culture positive samples 305 were identified as agents of interest in the direct identification by MALDI-TOF MS method: coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 191), S. aureus (n = 31), S. agalactiae (n = 42), S. uberis (n = 37) and S. dysgalactiae (n = 4). Therefore, 305 samples were directly identified by MALDI-TOF MS, which presented low sensitivity when compared to microbiological culture (Reference method): coagulase-negative staphylococci (14.08%), S. agalactiae (15.25 %), S. uberis (1.69%), S. aureus (6.12%) and S. dysgalactiae (0%). Pre-incubation of milk samples did not increase the sensitivity of the MALDI-TOF MS method directly identify mastitis-causing microorganisms.
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El, Hamzaoui Basma. "Identification des arthropodes et pathogènes associés par MALDI-TOF MS et étude des relations entre arthropodes et bactéries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0696.
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Ce travail est composé de 3 parties. La première est une étude épidémiologique avec la détection moléculaire des spécimens appartenant à six espèces d’Argasidés collectées en Algérie et identifiées morphologiquement et par biologie moléculaire. Nous avons pu détecter Borrelia hispanica dans des Ornithodoros occidentalis et Borrelia cf turicatae dans des Carios Carpensis. Dans des Argas persicus nous avons pu identifier un nouveau génotype de Bartonella spp ainsi qu’un génotype appartenant à une nouvelle espèce dans la famille des Anaplasmataceae. Dans la 2e partie, nous avons évalué la capacité vectorielle des punaises de lit à transmettre Borrelia recurrentis, l’agent de la fièvre récurrente. Pour ce fait, nous avons utilisé un modèle expérimental d’infection artificielle de Cimex lectularius par B. recurrentis pour ensuite détecter la présence de la bactérie dans les fèces. Nous avons utilisé quatre approches : la détection par qPCR, la culture à partir des fèces, la FDA (Fluorescein Diacetate) et l’inoculation des fèces aux souris. Nous avons également utilisé l’Immunofluorescence pour localiser la bactérie dans le corps de la punaise. Nous avons constaté que les punaises de lit acquièrent la bactérie et excrètent des microorganismes vivants dans les fèces. Elles peuvent être considérées comme vecteur potentiel de Borrelia recurrentis. La troisième partie s’intéresse à l’évaluation de la capacité du MALDI-TOF MS à identifier les puces, les punaises et les pathogènes associésThis work focuses on three main parts, a first part presents an epidemiological study of bacteria associated with soft ticks in Algeria, or we identified morphologically and confirmed by molecular biology six species of Argasidae. In addition, looking further we could detect Borrelia hispanica in Ornithodoros occidentalis and Borrelia cf turicatae in Carios Carpensis. On the other hand, in Argas persicus a new genotype of Bartonella spp has been identified as well as a new species of Anaplasmatacea bacteria.A second part evaluates the vectorial capacity of bed bugs to transmit Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of the relapsing fever. For this reason an experimental model of artificial infection of Cimex lectularius by Borrelia recurrentis has been developed, to study the presence of bacteria in feces. In this model, four approaches were used: qPCR, fece’s culture, FDA (Fluorescein Diacetate) and fece’s inoculation to mice. Immunofluorescence was also used to detect the location of the bacteria in the body of the bed bug. We confirmed that bed bugs acquire the bacteria and excrete live microorganisms in the feces. They can be considered as potential vector of Borrelia recurrentis.The third part is an assessment of the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS to identified fleas, bed bugs and associated pathogens. This innovative tool, which has revolutionized medical entomology and has shown its efficiency to identify several species of arthropods, has also been able to distinguish between infected and uninfected fleas and bugs, and even distinguish between fleas and bugs infected by the same species of bacteria
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Jacob, Anette. "Darstellung massenmodifizierter 2',3'-Didesoxynucleosid-5'-Triphosphate für die DNA-Analyse mittels MALDI-TOF-MS." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/89/JACOB.PDF.
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Schibur, Stephanie. "Qualitativer und quantitativer Nachweis von Bestandteilen der extrazellulären Matrix des Knorpels mittels MALDI-TOF MS." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-134850.
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Eine traumatische Läsion am artikulären Knorpel stellt eine noch ungelöste Herausforderung für den behandelnden Arzt dar. Bei den betroffenen Patienten handelt es sich häufig um junge, sportlich aktive Menschen im Arbeitsprozess {Hjelle et al. 2002}, bei denen eine längerfristige Belastungs- und Bewegungseinschränkung oder sogar eine Verminderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit zwingend vermieden werden muss. Jedoch existiert für den traumatischen Gelenkknorpelschaden derzeit noch keine Therapie mit sehr gutem, funktionellem Langzeitergebnis {Richter 2005}. Die konservativen Therapieformen haben immer eine narbige Ausheilung zur Folge. Aber auch mit der chirurgischen Basisversorgung, bestehend aus Debridement und Lavage des betroffenen Gelenks, kann keine Ausheilung erreicht werden. Regenerierende Verfahren, die auf der Grundlage der Penetration des subchondralen Knochens basieren, sollen durch das Einspülen von körpereigenen Stammzellen in den Defekt eine autologe Regeneration induzieren. Langzeitstudien zeigen, dass trotz der oft erreichten, guten funktionellen Ergebnisse histomorphologisch keine Wiederherstellung von intaktem, hyalinem Gelenkknorpel erreicht werden kann {Gaissmaier et al. 2003, Bernholt/Höher 2003}.
Vielversprechende neue Therapiekonzepte liefert derzeit das „Tissue Engineering“ am Gelenkknorpel. Vor allem die Autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) eröffnet vollkommen neue Behandlungsstrategien. Bei der ACT werden arthroskopisch patienteneigene Chondrozyten gewonnen, die in dreidimensionale Gele eingesät und in Zellkultur gebracht werden. Durch verschiedene Stimulationstechniken werden die Zellen zur Proliferation und Produktion von Extrazellulärer Matrix (ECM), insbesondere Kollagen und Proteoglykan, angeregt. Nach drei bis sechs Wochen Kultivierung erfolgt die Implantation in den aufbereiteten Knorpeldefekt des Patienten. Aktuelle Studien konnten zeigen, dass das Transplantat mittelfristig ohne Narbenbildung in den bestehenden Gelenkknorpel einwächst und so die Inkongruenz des Gelenks, welche präarthrotisch wirkt, aufhebt {Brittberg et al. 1996, Peterson et al. 2000, Horas et al. 2000}.
Um dieses neuartige Verfahren schnell im klinischen Alltag zu etablieren, bedarf es ausgereifter analytischer Methoden, die eine Qualitätsprüfung des biotechnologisch hergestellten Knorpels ermöglichen. MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) ist eine schnelle und sehr sensitive Methode, um die molaren Massen von Stoffen genau zu bestimmen und komplex zusammengesetzte Proben zu analysieren.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie als Analyseverfahren zu nutzen, um die Zusammensetzung des natürlichen Knorpels zu bestimmen und die hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf biotechnologisch hergestellten Knorpel anzuwenden.
Somit war die Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit dieser massenspektrometrischen Untersuchungsmethode auf das komplexe biologische System Knorpel die erste Fragestellung in dieser Arbeit.
Es erfolgte daher zunächst die Anpassung und Optimierung der Präparations- und Messmethoden mit dem Ziel, standardisierte Protokolle festzulegen, welche zu reproduzierbaren Spektren führen.
Es schloss sich die Analyse der kommerziell verfügbaren Hauptbestandteile der ECM - Proteoglykane und Kollagene – mittels MADI-TOF MS an. Hierzu wurden Chondroitinsulfat und Kollagen verschiedener Typen enzymatisch verdaut und analysiert. So konnten Referenzspektren erstellt werden, welche die Grundlage für die Analyse des wesentlich komplexeren Systems des natürlichen Knorpels bildeten.
Durch den Einsatz von Trypsin zur Hydrolyse nach thermischer Denaturierung des Kollagens wurde die Differenzierung zwischen den verschiedenen Kollagentypen ermöglicht. Es schlossen sich Studien zur Quantifizierung der enzymatischen Verdauungsprodukte der ECM an, welche das Ziel verfolgten, neben der stofflichen Zusammensetzung Aussagen zu den relativen Anteilen der einzelnen Bestandteile zu erlauben.
Nachdem die grundsätzliche Eignung der Methode gezeigt werden konnte, diente der zweite Teil der hier dargelegten Forschungsarbeit der Beantwortung der Frage, ob die Erkenntnisse, welche bei der Analyse der Einzelbestandteile gewonnen wurden, auf natürliches Knorpelgewebe anwendbar sind.
Der artikuläre Schweineknorpel ähnelt im Aufbau und den biomechanischen Eigenschaften dem menschlichen Knorpel. Da er zudem noch günstig und in adäquaten Mengen zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann, wurde der Gelenkknorpel des Schweins als Modellgewebe für die Anwendbarkeit der Methode auf natürlichen Knorpel genutzt.
Ziel war es, die Hauptbestandteile der ECM einwandfrei zu identifizieren, Untersuchungen zur Quantifizierung anzustellen und Unterschiede zwischen den Knorpeltypen verschiedener Spezies nachzuweisen.
Im letzten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit erfolgte die Analyse von biotechnologisch hergestelltem Knorpel und somit die Anwendung der bisher erworbenen, vor allem einem theoretisch-wissenschaftlichem Interesse folgenden Erkenntnisse auf eine praktisch-klinische Fragestellung nach der tatsächlichen Beschaffenheit des zu transplantierenden Konstrukts.
Dazu wurden Konstrukte, welche zum einem aus dreidimensionalen Agarosegele bestückt mit Chondrozyten, zum anderen aus Kollagengel mit eingesäten Stammzellen oder Chondrozyten bestanden, untersucht. Dieser Schritt erfolgte in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Biotechnologisch-Biomedizinischen Zentrum Leipzig. Ziel war es, die bis dahin etablierten Probenpräparations- und Messbedingungen auf den künstlichen Knorpel anzuwenden und mit Referenzspektren von Bestandteilen der ECM sowie des natürlichen Schweineknorpels zu vergleichen. Durch die Analyse des Materials zu verschiedenen Kultivierungszeitpunkten sollte eine Aussage über die Qualität und die Menge der de novo synthetisierten ECM erreicht werden.
Mit dieser Arbeit wurde die Grundlage geschaffen, die MALDI-TOF MS als geeignetes analytisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konstruktqualität einzuführen. Perspektivisch sollte es so möglich sein, die Qualität der Konstrukte, welche für die Autologe Chondrozytentransplantation bestimmt sind, zu bewerten und zu überwachen.
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Niederfeilner, Elisabeth Isabel [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Frank, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Biehler. "Infektionsepidemiologische Typisierung MRSA-Isolate mit Hilfe des MALDI-TOF MS im Vergleich zu Spa-Typing." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148265724/34.
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Marques, Lygia de Azevedo. "Aplicação de tecnicas avançadas de espectrometria de massas em ciencias de alimentos e perfumaria." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248689.
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Orientador: Marcos Nogueira EberlinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho aplicamos técnicas avançadas de espectrometria de massas, (MALDI-TOF e ESI-MS) na análise de micotoxinas em alimentos e na tipificação e verificação de fraudes em perfumes. Aplicamos a técnica MALDI-TOF em análises de micotoxinas, e esta mostrou excelente desempenho nas análises de aflatoxinas e ocratoxina e vantagem sobre a técnica de escolha atual, o método ELISA. Esta vantagem é principalmente maior especificidade através de maior exatidão em medidas de massas e, portanto, maior confiabilidade. O Planejamento de experimento foi uma ferramenta valiosa para obtenção das melhores condições e estudo dos parâmetros de interferência. O limite de detecção encontrado para a técnica foi da ordem de 25 pg para aflatoxinas e de 1 ng para ocratoxina, com perspectiva de melhoria através de aumento da massa amostral em estudos futuros para adaptação da metodologia de extração na matriz de interesse à técnica MALDI-TOF. A técnica ESI-MS foi utilizada para a tipificação e detecção de perfumes proporcionando, através da análise de componentes principais (PCA), a diferenciação com segurança entre perfumes originais, falsos e inspirados, utilizando como indicadores componentes polares não majoritários característicos de cada categoria avaliada. Este estudo abre caminho para que esta técnica seja utilizada na avaliação de perfumes que estão sob suspeita de falsificação com auxilio de uma biblioteca de "fingerprint" de perfumes por ESI-MS. O emprego da técnica de MALDI-TOF também é uma opção vantajosa para o monitoramento da qualidade de grãos quanto a presença de toxinas indesejáveis, bem como ameaças de bioterrorismo.
Abstract: In this work we applied advanced mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS) to micotoxin analysis in food and for the typification and detection of counterfeit perfumes. MALDI-TOF was applied to micotoxin analysis, which showed excellent performance for the analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin with advantage over the current technique of choice, the ELISA method. This advantage is mainly its greater specifity due the exactness of the measurements, therefore with higher reliability. The surface analysis was a valuable tool to attain the best conditions and study the interference of several parameters. The detection limit found for the technique was 25 pg for aflatoxins and 1 ng for ochratoxins, with perspective of improvement through increase of the sample mass in future studies for adaptation of the methodology of extration in the matrix of interest for the MALDI-TOF technique. The ESI-MS technique was used for typification and detection of counterfeit perfumes, providing, through principal component analysis (PCA), the characterization of original, counterfeit and inspired perfumes, using as minoritarian polar compounds as diagnostic ions of each perfume category evaluated. We envisage that the method can be used to establish a ESI-MS fingerprinting library of perfumes for comparison with those from samples under investigation, and that such a library could be updated constantly by the addition of ESI-MS of new perfumes even before they are commercially released. MALDI-TOF technique is also an advantageous option for the monitoring of crop quality relating to the presence of undesirable toxins, as well as bioterrorism threats by micotoxin poisoning.
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto. "La chromoblastomycose et la sporotrichose à Madagascar : actualités épidémiologiques, cliniques et diagnostiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS028.
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La chromoblastomycose (CBM) et la sporotrichose (SPT) sont des infections fongiques chroniques des tissus sous-cutanés. Elles touchent surtout les membres, après blessure végétale ou souillure tellurique. Les principaux agents fongiques responsables de CBM appartiennent aux genres Fonsecaea et Cladophialophora tandis que Sporothrix est à l’origine de la SPT. A Madagascar, les études menées entre 1955 et 1994 ont montré une prévalence de la CMB à 0,5/100 000 habitants faisant considérer ce pays comme le premier foyer mondial. Depuis, aucune donnée n’a permis d’actualiser ces observations. Malgré les nombreux cas de SPT observés par les médecins, son épidémiologie à Madagascar n’a jamais été décrite.L'objectif général était d'évaluer l’incidence actuelle de ces mycoses à Madagascar. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient de caractériser les espèces fongiques responsables et de mettre en place un réseau clinico-biologique pérenne permettant une gestion adaptée des patients et l’utilisation de méthodes moléculaires pour l’identification des souches.Une étude prospective conduite entre mars 2013 et juin 2017 a donné lieu à des consultations dans les régions ou dans le service de dermatologie de l’hôpital universitaire d’Antananarivo et a permis d’inclure des patients présentant des lésions sous-cutanées chroniques. Les méthodes conventionnelles de diagnostic mycologique ont été complétées par des méthodes moléculaires (PCR, séquençage, MALDI-TOF-MS). Les cas ont été classés au cours de réunions de concertation clinico-biologique.Au total, 148 patients d’âge moyen de 41 ans avec une prédominance d’hommes (75,0%) ont été inclus : 63 cas de SPT (42,5%) et 50 cas de CBM (33,8%) ont été confirmés. L’incidence annuelle de le CBM a été estimée à 0,38/100 000 habitants dans la région Sava au Nord où les cas prédominent avec au niveau du district Anosibe An’Ala (à l’Est) une incidence maximale de 1,12/100 000. Alors que la CBM était prédominante dans le Nord-Est, l'Est et le Sud de l'île, étonnamment, la SPT était presque exclusivement localisée sur les hautes terres centrales. L’incidence globale moyenne de SPT était de 0,17/100 000 habitants dans les hauts plateaux et de 0,07/100 000 pour l’ensemble de Madagascar. Pour la SPT, le risque est plus élevé chez les jeunes (< 18 ans) et les formes cutanéo-lymphatiques des membres supérieurs sont les plus fréquentes. Pour la CBM, le risque de contamination est élevé chez les agriculteurs et les professions de services et la majorité des lésions (82,9%) était localisée au niveau des membres inférieurs. Sur le plan mycologique, 63 Sporothrix schenckii, 7 Cladophialophora carrionii, 29 Fonsecaea sp dont 22 F. nubica ont été identifiés. Pour le genre Fonseceae, l’identification de l’espèce nubica remplace l‘espèce pedrosoi initialement proposée pour les isolats malgaches et souligne l’importance de l’identification moléculaire pour une classification précise des espèces.Cette première étude sur la SPT humaine à Madagascar a permis d’actualiser les données épidémiologiques mondiales et de classer Madagascar avec un niveau endémique modéré alors qu’il était considéré comme faible jusque-là. La CBM persiste à une incidence élevée et comparable à celle décrite jusqu’en 1994, illustrant l’absence de contrôle de cette mycose dans le pays. La constitution d’un réseau clinico-biologique local stable et les nouveaux outils diagnostics mis en place dans ce travail (PCR et le MALDI-TOF MS), vont faciliter la conduite de programmes de surveillance et de contrôle alors que l’OMS a récemment classé la CBM en maladie tropicale négligée. Une enquête environnementale est en cours pour détecter les sources de contamination dans l’environnement. Le réseau mis en place permettra dans un futur proche de nouvelles études thérapeutiques (nouveaux schémas thérapeutiques) ou génétique (facteurs d’hôtes) sur la CBM et SPT mais également sur d’autres mycoses endémiques et encore négligées à MadagascarChromoblastomycosis (CBM) and sporotrichosis (SPT) are chronic subcutaneous or cutanéo-lymphatic infections found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Studies carried out by the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar between 1955 and 1994 provided an inventory of the number of cases of CBM and identified this country as the leading focus of this mycosis worldwide. Mean incidence was estimated at about 0.5/100,000 inhabitants at the time. No new data have been obtained to update the epidemiological situation. About SPT, only sporadic cases have been reported in Madagascar, due to the absence of specific surveillance. CBM is usually caused by dematiaceous fungi, principally Fonsecaea spp. and Cladophialophora spp. The causal agent of SPT is Sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic hyphomycete.The objectives of this study was to update the data on epidemiology and to evaluate the current burden of these two fungal infections. In addition, we aimed to set up a durable local bio-clinical network and to implement molecular tools to ensure reliable species identification (PCR, sequencing, mass spectrometry).A prospective study, involving the recruitment of patients with suspect lesions was undertaken from March 2013 to June 2017. Patients were included in the dermatology department of the univerity hospital of Antananarivo and through field campaigns in rural areas. Clinical samples were collected and analyzed with conventional mycological methods and molecular tools. Classification of the cases was achieved by the confrontation of mycological and clinical features.Among the 148 patients (mean age 41; male 75.0%): 63 SPT cases (42.5%) and 50 CBM cases (33.8%) were diagnosed. The highest annual incidence of CBM was estimated at 0.38/100,000 inhabitants in the Sava region located to the north. At the district level, the peak incidence was 1.12/100,000 at Anosibe An’Ala, eastern part of the country. Whereas CBM predominated at the periphery of the island, SPT was surprinsgly concentrated in the highlands where the mean incidence was 0.17/100,000 inhabitants. The incidence in the whole country was 0.07/100,000. SPT likelihood of infection was higher in young (<18 years) and the cutaneo-lymphatic forms of the upper limbs were the most frequent. For CBM, farmers and service workers were at high risk and the lesions were mostly (82.9%) located to the lower limbs. The mycological analyses revealed 63 strains of Sporothrix schenckii, 7 of Cladophialophora carrionii, 29 of Fonsecaea sp including 22 F. nubica. F. nubica identification corrected the one of F. pedrosoi previously found in Madagascar, highlighting the need for a molecular analysis of the strains.This is the first study describing human SPT in Madagascar. The SPT burden can now be considered as moderate instead of low as it was described before. It reveals an unexpected concentration of the patients in the central highlands. CBM burden was found at a high level, regrettably similar to the one described 20 years ago, showing the lack of control of this infection. The implementation of a durable bio-clinical network and of the new molecular tools (PCR et le MALDI-TOF MS) developed in this work will easy the development of surveillance programs, especially as the WHO recently added CBM in the neglected tropical diseases list. The network that was built for this work will be used for further therapeutic trials on new schedules of treatment, new drugs or new formulations as well as genetic studies about predisposing factors of CBM and SPT and others deep fungal infections that are still neglected in Madagascar. Yet, an environmental survey is ongoing to describe the sources of contamination
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Nebbak, Amira. "Développement expérimental et application sur terrain d'outils innovants pour l'identification des arthropodes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0605.
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Les arthropodes hématophages tels que les moustiques, les tiques et les puces ont une importance significative en santé publique en raison de leur capacité à transmettre des maladies majeures aux humains et aux animaux. La lutte anti-vectorielle et la surveillance épidémiologique des vecteurs sont essentielles dans la stratégie de lutte contre ces maladies. Cette dernière n'est réussie que grâce à une identification correcte et précise des vecteurs. Ainsi dans ce travail nous avons mis au point les protocoles pour la préparation des échantillons pour l'identification des moustiques adultes et leur stades aquatiques ainsi que des tiques et des puces par MALDI-TOF MS. Cet outil s'est déjà distingué comme étant fiable pour l'identification des arthropodes. La deuxième partie de notre travail a consisté en l'application de ces protocoles sur des larves de moustiques collectées sur terrain durant une enquête entomologique menée dans la ville de Marseille. Lors de cette étude, la pertinence et la fiabilité du MALDI-TOF MS pour l'identification des larves de moustiques collectées sur terrain a été vérifiée. Enfin, nous avons réalisé l'inventaire des communautés virales de trois espèces de moustiques collectées à Marseille par métagénomique, qui a révélé la présence de nombreux nouveaux virus. L'ensemble des résultats présentés dans cette thèse souligne que l'utilisation d'outils innovants tels que le MALDI-TOF MS et la métagénomique pour étudier les vecteurs et les agents qu'ils portent est une stratégie prometteuse qui contribuera dans la connaissance des cycles de transmission zoonotique et des risques potentiels d'émergence des maladies vectorielles en population humaineHematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas are of significant importance in public health because of their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals. Vector control and epidemiological vector surveillance are essential in the strategy of combating vector-borne diseases. The latter is successful only by a correct and precise identification of the vectors. Thus in this work, we have developed and improved the protocols of samples preparation for the identification of adult mosquitoes and their aquatic stages, ticks, and fleas by MALDI-TOF MS. This tool has been already distinguished as being reliable for the arthropods identification. The second part of our work consisted in the application of these protocols on mosquito larvae collected in the field during an entomological investigation carried out in the city of Marseille. In this study, the relevance and reliability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of mosquito larvae collected in the field were verified. Finally, we carried out the inventory of the viral communities of three mosquito species collected in Marseille by metagenomics, which revealed the presence of numerous new viruses. All the results presented in this thesis emphasize that the use of innovative tools such as MALDI-TOF MS and metagenomics to study vectors and the agents they carry is a promising strategy that will contribute to the knowledge of zoonotic transmission cycles and the potential risks of the emergence of vector-borne diseases in human populations
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Jemmali, Zaïneb. "Développements méthodologiques en TLC/MALDITOF MS et GC/MS pour l’analyse des composés terpénoïdes présents dans les résines végétales." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2061/document.
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Les résines végétales sont des sécrétions de végétaux qui ont été utilisées par l’homme de l’Antiquité à nos jours dans de nombreuses applications (pharmaceutique, cosmétique et artistique). Ces exsudats sont composés majoritairement de terpènes. L'identification et la quantification de l'ensemble de ces composés dans les extraits végétaux reste un défi du fait de leur très grande diversité structurale. L’objectif de ce travail a été de développer de nouvelles approches analytiques pour identifier et quantifier les composés terpéniques présents dans ce matériel végétal afin d’en assurer le contrôle qualité et la certification. Deux méthodes séparatives ont été sélectionnées: la TLC et la GC. Pour ces deux techniques on s’est intéressé à toutes les potentialités de leur couplage avec la spectrométrie de masse. Le développement en TLC-1D et TLC-2D a permis le « screening » rapide des résines végétales et la faisabilité du couplage avec le MALDI-TOF-MS a été mise en évidence pour l’identification des marqueurs majoritaires (acides triterpéniques). La GC a permis une caractérisation plus aboutie des résines en mettant en place une méthode d’analyse exhaustive des terpènes des plus volatils au non-volatils. L’optimisation des différentes étapes de la méthodologie GC-MS s’est effectuée en se basant sur la méthode des plans d’expérience ainsi que sur des analyses statistiques tels que l’ACP et la CAH. Dans un souci d’apporter des éléments plus précis pour distinguer les résines les plus proches, la quantification de leurs marqueurs majoritaires a été établie après une validation complète de la méthode GC. L’ensemble de ce travail a permis de développer des outils pour une caractérisation rapide des extraits de résines permettant de différencier les espèces même les plus prochesResins are hydrocarbon secretions of many plants and well known for their protective benefits. They have been used as raw materials for a wide range of applications (pharmaceutic, cosmetic and artistic). Plant resins are complex mixtures of organic substances mainly terpenoid compounds which constitute the most abundant and structurally diverse group of plant secondary metabolites. The chemical characterization of this material results in long and difficult separation due to the wide range of polarity and volatility of its constituents. The aim of this work was to develop new analytical approaches to improve the identification of resins certifying their origin and ensuring the quality control. For that purpose two analytical methods were selected: TLC and GC approaches hyphenated to mass spectrometry. TLC-1D and TLC-2D allow a rapid screening and first visual differences of resins. The innovating TLC coupling to MALDI-TOF-MS gives a clear identification of major markers (triterpenic acids). In order to have complementary information about the composition of resins, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed to analyze volatile to non-volatile compounds. The various stages of optimization were based on experimental design and statistical (PCA and HAC) approaches. For closely related resins, a quantitative approach was investigated based on a complete validation for major markers. This work allows the development of two complementary techniques that give a powerful approach for fast and reliable differentiation of various resins even the closest ones
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Jäger, Jakub. "Biotypizácia kvasiniek skupiny Cryptococcus laurentii hmotnostnou spektrometriou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217092.
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Cryptococcus laurentii has been classically considered a saprophytic species, although several cases of human and animal infection have been already reported. This species is reported to be heterogenous. The taxonomy of yeast Cryptococcus laurentii was always highly ambiguous. The application of molecular biology and bioinformatic methods led to dividing of searched strains to two distinct phylogenetic groups, some varieties were recognized as species and the locution „Cryptococcus laurentii group“ was introduced. The taxonomy of this group is likely not definitive and with advancing knowledge will change. Our aim was the identification of individual species within this group based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI – TOF MS), which has recently been described as a rapid, reliable, cost-effective and powerful tool for analyzing of microorganisms, even on variety level. Generally, the yeasts of genus Cryptococcus form highly resistant polysaccharide capsules and produce large amount of extracellular polysaccharides, therefore belong to so called „difficult“ cases for biotyping. The experimental protocol has been optimized for MS analysis of this genus on the selected strains of Cr. neoformans, Cr. laurentii and Cr. magnus from the Culture Collection of Yeasts (CCY).Thirty-three strains, originally classified as Cryptococcus laurentii has been identified by chosen method. These strains were distributed into six different groups according their spectra similarities. It was selected at least one strain of each group, which was classified based on the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene. This strain (with known sequence) became representative for its group. Type strain of Cryptococcus laurentii (CCY 17-3-2) belongs to the group I. Its MS spectrum of ribosomal proteins differ from mass spectra of all other biotyped species, even with strains identified as Cryptococcus laurentii was the similarity of the spectra low, which could be caused by identification of two different varieties. The group II is represented by Cryptococcus laurentii CCY 17-3-17. Except this strain, thirteen more strains belong to the group II. The group III represents Cryptococcus flavescens CCY 17-3-29. This group included 12 additional strains with almost identical mass spectra. Group IV included only one strain (CCY 17-3-13), which was identified as Cryptococcus carnescens based on gene sequence analysis. Similarly, one representative (CCY 17-3-5) has the group V. Strain CCY 17-3-5 was identified as Cryptococcus flavus. The last group VI of three members represents strain 17-3-35 identified as Bulleromyces albus. While Cr. laurentii and Cr. flavescens belong to phylogenetic group I and Cr. carnescens to the phylogenetic group II, four strains giving two types of different MS spectra and identified as Cr. flavus (1 strain) and Bulleromyces albus (3 strains) were excluded from „Cr. laurentii group.“
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Maurer, Katja. "Oral brush biopsy analysis by MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry for early cancer diagnosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-116691.
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Objectives: Intact cell peptidome profiling (ICPP) with MALDI-ToF Mass-Spectrometry holds promise as a non invasive method to detect head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) objectively, which may improve the early diagnosis of oral cancer tremendously. The present study was designed to discriminate between tumour samples and non-cancer controls (healthy mucosa and oral lesions) by analysing complete spectral patterns of intact cells using MALDI-ToF MS.
Material and Methods: In the first step, a data base consisting of 26 patients suffering from HNSCC was established by taking brush biopsy samples of the diseased area and of the healthy buccal mucosa of the respective contralateral area. After performing MALDI-ToF MS on these samples, classification analysis was used as a basis for further classification of the blind study composed of additional 26 samples including HNSCC, oral lesions and healthy mucosa.
Results: By analyzing spectral patterns of the blind study, all cancerous lesions were defined accurately. One incorrect evaluation (false positive) occurred in the lesion cohort, leading to a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 93% and an overall accuracy of 96.5%.
Conclusion: ICPP using MALDI-ToF MS is able to distinguish between healthy and cancerous mucosa and between oral lesions and oral cancer with excellent sensitivity and specificity, which may lead to a more impartial early diagnosis of HNSCC.
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Knoop, Nicolas. "Identifizierung von Enterobacteriaceae und Nonfermentern mittels MALDI-TOF MS unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von multiresistenten und darmpathogenen Erregern." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158579.
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Der zeitnahe und möglichst sichere Nachweis bakterieller Krankheitserreger und deren Empfindlichkeit gegenüber verfügbaren antibakteriell wirksamen Chemotherapeutika (Antibiotika) stellt einen Hauptaufgabenbereich der medizinischen mikrobiologischen Routinediagnostik dar. Hierzu wurden im Laufe der Jahre unterschiedliche Methoden entwickelt, womit von der genauen Beschreibung der Kolonie- und mikroskopischen Morphologie, Anfärbbarkeit und Formation über die Charakterisierung der biochemischen Leistungsfähigkeit bis hin zur genauen Sequenzierung des gesamten Genoms ein enormer Fortschritt zu verzeichnen war. Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre etablierte sich die Massenspektrometrie als phänotypisches Nachweisverfahren und gewann zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ebenso konnten Erfolge beim Nachweis Antibiotika resistenter Bakterien verzeichnet werden.
Um das Potential dieser noch jungen Nachweismethode weiter zu erforschen, wurden in dieser Arbeit Spezies der Familie Enterobacteriaceae und der Nonfermenter in eine eigene massenspektrometrische Datenbank aufgenommen, um diese als Grundlage zur Validierung des Identifizierungspotentials der Methode mittels Blindstudie zu nutzen. Im selben Arbeitsschritt wurde der Versuch unternommen, Antibiotika resistente Stämme im Zuge der Speziesidentifizierung zu detektieren, um so Aussagen über eine mögliche Einschränkung der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und gegebenenfalls notwendigen Hygienemaßnahmen treffen zu können.
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Sartori, Sergio Birello. "Potencial metabólico de fungos endofíticos de plantas do gênero Anthurium da Ilha de Alcatrazes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-29112016-141525/.
Full textAbstract:
Fungos endofíticos estão presentes em plantas de diversos ambientes e produzem compostos com amplas propriedades químicas e aplicações, tanto na área médico-farmacológica quanto na agronômica. Entretanto, ainda há muito a ser investigado sobre seu potencial biotecnológico, principalmente em locais pouco explorados. As ilhas apresentam um ambiente particular e altamente vulnerável, tornando-as locais promissores na busca de organismos pouco comuns ou ainda endêmicos. Sendo assim, neste trabalho foi realizado o isolamento e estudo químico e biológico de fungos endofíticos isolados de 2 espécies plantas do gênero Anthurium da Ilha de Alcatrazes-SP. Para isto, fragmentos foliares das plantas A. loefgrenii (HRCB 46467) e A. alctrazense (HRCB 46465 - endêmica da ilha) foram inoculados em 10 meios de cultivo com diferentes composições, resultando no isolamento de 106 fungos endofíticos. Por meio de análises químicas por MALDI-TOF-MS e ensaio biológico contra fitopatógenos, foram selecionados 3 fungos para estudo. Estes foram identificados por técnicas morfológicas e moleculares como sendo Penicillium citrinum (P2MSF2F3), Penicillium simplicissimum (P210-4F2) e Aureobasidium melanogenum (P7AF2F3). No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de P. citrinum foi isolado o composto citrinina, o qual apresentou atividade inibitória do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MIC= 125 μg mL-1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC= 0,48 μg mL-1), Phomopsis sojae (MIC= 250 μg mL-1) e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (MIC= 125 μg mL-1). Outras frações obtidas do meio metabólico de P. citrinum (fração F3a3 e citrinina) apresentaram atividade inibitória (100% de inibição) à formas promastigotas de Leishmania infantum. No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de P. simplicissimum foi obtida a fração F2b, ativa contra L. infantum (100% de inibição), da qual foram isolados os compostos andrastina A e penicisoquinolina, sendo o primeiro relato de sua produção por esta espécie, além de outros 5 compostos ainda não identificados. No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de A. melanogenum foi isolado o composto metil-orselinato, relatado pela primeira vez para este fungo. Do mesmo fungo foi obtida a fração F1d2l ativa contra L. infantum (100% inibição), da qual foram isolados 2 compostos ainda não identificados. Este é o primeiro relato de fungos isolados de antúrios da ilha de Alcatrazes, bem como do estudo de seus metabólitos secundários. Este trabalho apresenta contribuição no conhecimento sobre fungos endofíticos e seu potencial metabólico, com aplicações nas áreas agronômica e médico-farmacológica.Endophytic fungi are present in plants in various environments and produce compounds with wide chemical properties and applications, both in the medical and in agronomic field. However, much remains to be investigated about their biotechnological potential, especially in unexplored places. Islands have a particular and highly vulnerable environment, making them promising sites in search of unusual or endemic organisms. Thus, this work represents the isolation and chemical and biological study of endophytic fungi isolated from 2 species of plants of the genus Anthurium of Alcatrazes island-SP. For this, leaf fragments from plants A. loefgrenii (HRCB 46467) and A. alcatrazense (HRCB 46465 - endemic plant from the Island) were inoculated onto 10 culture media with different composition, resulting in the isolation of 106 endophytic fungi. Three strains were selected to be studied through chemical analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS and bioassay against phytopathogens. These were identified by morphological and molecular techniques as Penicillium citrinum (P2MSF2F3), Penicillium simplicissimum (P210-4F2) and Aureobasidium melanogenum (P7AF2F3). In the study of secondary metabolites of P. citrinum it was isolated the compound citrinin, which showed inibitory activity against the plant pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MIC= 125 μg mL-1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC= 0.48 μg mL-1), Phomopsis sojae (MIC= 250 μg mL-1) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (MIC= 125 μg mL-1). Other fraction obtained from the metabolic extract of P. citrinum (F3a3 fraction and citrinin), showed inibitory activity (100% inibition) to Leishmania infantum promastigotes. In the study of secondary metabolites of P. simplicissimum it was obtained F2b fraction, active against L. infantum (100% inhibition), which were isolated andrastin A and penicisoquinoline compounds, the first report of its production for this species, as well 5 unidentified compounds. In the study of secondary metabolites from A. melanogenum was isolated the methyl-orsellinate compound, first reported for this fungus. From the same strain was obtained F1d2l fraction, active against L. infantum (100% inhibition), from which were isolated 2 unidentified compounds. This is the first report of fungi isolated from Alcatrazes Island anthuriums and the study of their secondary metabolites. This study presents contribution to knowledge of endophytic fungi and their metabolic potential with applications in the medical and agronomic fields.
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Li, Xin. "Comparative evaluation of the extraction and analysis of urinary phospholipids and lysophospholipids using MALDI-TOF/MS." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/265182.
Full textAbstract:
京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第23410号
医博第4755号
新制||医||1052(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻
(主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 長尾 美紀, 教授 柳田 素子
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Medical Science
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Teixeira, Renata Roland. "Identificação das glicoproteínas da geléia real de Apis mellifera L. por análise em MALDI-TOF MS." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2007. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15902.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisThe royal jelly (RJ), a secretion produced by the hipopharingeal and mandibular glands of the nurse honeybees, have a variety of pharmacological activities, aside of being necessary for the castes differentiation and the queen Apis mellifera longevity. To identify the N-glycoproteins of two samples of RJ provinient from distinct origin and conditions, we used the concanavalin A affinity chromatography (ConA) associated to the mass spectrometry. The investigated samples of RJ were the brazilian RJ (GRB), produced experimentally in local apiary, and the Chinese RJ (GRC), mattered from China and commercially available. The protein profile in SDS-PAGE 1D was characteristic for GRB and GRC. The N-glycoproteins fractions eluted from the ConA column had presented nine polypeptides for GRB and 12 for GRC, with relative molecular mass (Mr) varying between 130 and 15 kDa. It was observed that the immediately aftercollects freezing of the GRB did not inhibited the appearance of bands with Mr lesser than 49 kDa. A total of 21 bands was excised from gel and digested with tripisin for analysis in MALDI-TOF MS. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that all the 16 proteins identified in the GRB and GRC samples belong to the A. mellifera apalbumins family (Apa-1, Apa-2 and Apa-3). The Apa-2 was the protein that had greater prevalence between the N-glycoproteins of the RJ, presenting Mr varying between 110 and 25 kDa. The fact that the Apa-2 had been identified with distinct Mrs can be related to glycosilation, oligomerization or degradation of this apalbumin. Therefore, the ConA affinity chromatography associated with the proteomic analysis made possible the identification of three members of the family of RJ main proteins (Apa-1, Apa-2 and Apa-3). Moreover, the comparative study of the GRB and GRC glycoprotein composition suggests similar standard between these samples and can be useful in future studies that evaluate the biological functions of the apalbumins pos-translational modifications.
A geléia real (GR), uma secreção produzida pelas glândulas hipofaringeal e mandibular das abelhas operárias, possui uma variedade de atividades farmacológicas, além de ser fundamental para a diferenciação das castas e longevidade da rainha de Apis mellifera. Com o objetivo de identificar alguns dos componentes bioativos deste produto da colméia, utilizou-se a cromatografia de afinidade de concanavalina A (ConA) associada à espectrometria de massa para identificar as N-glicoproteínas de duas amostras de GR obtidas de origem e condições distintas. As amostras de GR investigadas foram a GR brasileira (GRB), produzida experimentalmente em apiário local, e a GR chinesa (GRC), importada da China e disponível comercialmente. O perfil de proteínas em SDSPAGE 1D foi característico para GRB e GRC, com um maior número de polipeptídeos para GRC. As frações das N-glicoproteínas eluídas da coluna de ConA apresentaram nove polipeptídeos para GRB e 12 para GRC, com massa molecular variando entre 130 e 15 kDa. Observou-se que o congelamento imediatamente pós-coleta da GRB não impediu o aparecimento de polipeptídeos com Mr menor que 49 kDa. Um total de 21 bandas foi excisado do gel e digerido por tripsina para análise em MALDI-TOF MS. Para cada perfil de massa dos peptídeos (PMF) obtido, realizou-se a busca em banco de dados utilizando-se o software Mascot. Esta análise revelou que as 16 proteínas identificadas nas amostras de GRB e GRC pertencem à família das apalbuminas (Apa-1, Apa-2 e Apa-3) da abelha A. mellifera. A Apa-2 foi a proteína que teve maior prevalência entre as N-glicoproteínas da GR, apresentando Mr variando entre 110 e 25 kDa. O fato da Apa-2 ter sido identificada com Mrs distintas pode estar relacionado a fenômenos de glicosilação, oligomerização ou degradação desta apalbumina. Portanto, a cromatografia de afinidade de ConA associada a análise proteômica possibilitou a identificação de três membros da família das principais proteínas da GR (Apa-1, -2 e -3). Além disso, o estudo comparativo da composição de glicoproteínas da GRB e GRC sugere padrão similar entre estas amostras e pode ser útil em estudos futuros que avaliem as funções biológicas das modificações pós-traducionais das apalbuminas.
Mestre em Genética e Bioquímica
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Motari, Edwin Mwamba. "Structural Studies of Oligosaccharides Attached to Proteins Expressed in Different Organisms and PEGylation of a non-Glycosylated Protein." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274803162.
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Rodrigues, Naiara de Miranda Bento. "Identifica??o de enterobact?rias atrav?s da t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS e compreens?o da dissemina??o destes agentes em ambiente de produ??o leiteira." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1213.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ
Mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. Moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. These microorganisms are preferentially found in the habitat of animals in places contaminated with feces, urine, clay and also organic beds. Phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multiple tests carried out and they can delay the antibiotic therapy by clinic veterinary. On the other hand the MALDI-TOF MS technique has been attracting attention for its precise identification of several microorganisms at species level. In the current study, 183 enterobacteria were detected in milk (n=47) and fecal samples (n=94) collected from cows; also water (n=23) and milk line samples (n=19) collected from a farm in Rio de Janeiro with the purpose to present the MALDI-TOF MS technique as efficient methodology and also as a ?gold standard? to better understand the possible current biochemical errors in enterobacteria identification considering isolates from bovine environments. This proteomic technique confirmed 92.9% (170/183) of the enterobacteria species identified by biochemical tests that showed high sensitivity (> 81%) and specificity (> 89%). The gyrB sequencing was made in eigth from thirteen misidentified enterobacteria and confirmed 100% the MALDI-TOF results, so the proteomic technique was used as a ?gold standard? for this study. The amino acid decarboxylation test made the most misidentifications and Enterobacter spp was the largest misidentified genus (76.9%, 10/13). E.coli was prevalent (83%, 152/183) in all samples and the bovine milk presented the most enterobacteria diversity. The Salmonella sp wasn?t detected in feces bovine samples and all water samples from different points in the farm presented unacceptable microbiological standards. Was identified enterobacteria in milkers hands and nasal cavity also in the milking machines used on the property. These results aim to contribute significantly to the characterization of the Enterobacteriaceae as well in understanding of its spread in dairy production environment , assisting in need diagnostic of possible agents involved in bovine mastitis as well as to implement properly targeted prophylactic measures.
A mastite bovina afeta negativamente a produ??o de leite dificultando a recupera??o dos n?veis de produ??o total das propriedades leiteiras, levando a perdas econ?micas consider?veis. Esta redu??o no percentual da produ??o de leite pode estar associada ao agente patog?nico espec?fico que causou a infec??o, sendo as enterobact?rias frequentemente respons?veis pela mastite ambiental. Estes microrganismos s?o preferencialmente encontrados no habitat normal dos animais como locais que apresentam esterco, urina, barro e camas org?nicas. Os testes fenot?picos est?o entre os m?todos dispon?veis atualmente utilizados para identificar as enterobact?rias; no entanto, eles podem ocasionalmente identitificar erroneamente algumas esp?cies apesar dos m?ltiplos ensaios realizados. Al?m disso, a demora na sua execu??o pode tardar a antibioticoterapia realizada em campo. Por outro lado, a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS tem atra?do a aten??o pela sua identifica??o precisa dos v?rios microorganismos em n?vel de esp?cie. No presente estudo, um total de 183 enterobact?rias foram isoladas a partir de amostras de leite (n=47) e fezes colhidas de vacas em lacta??o (n=94); amostras de ?gua (n=23) e na linha de ordenha (n=19) em uma propriedade situada no Rio de Janeiro. A proposta foi utilizar a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS como um m?todo eficaz de identifica??o bacteriana de enterobact?rias e descrever a permanencia destes microrganismos no ambiente de produ??o leiteira. A t?cnica prote?mica confirmou 92,9% (170/183) das esp?cies de enterobact?rias identificadas pelos testes bioqu?micos convencionais. O sequenciamento do gene gyrB, realizado em oito das 13 enterobact?rias que apresentaram identifica??o discordante, confirmou em 100% o resultado da t?cnica prote?mica, que foi utilizada como metodologia de refer?ncia no presente estudo. O g?nero Enterobacter foi o mais discordante pelo m?todo bioqu?mico (76,9%, 9/13). A E.coli foi a esp?cie predominante (83%, 152/183) em todas as amostras avaliadas, sendo que o leite bovino apresentou maior diversidade de enterobact?rias. N?o foi detectada a presen?a de Salmonella spp. nas amostras de fezes bovinas e todas as amostras de ?gua dos diferentes pontos de coleta da propriedade apresentaram padr?es microbiol?gicos inaceit?veis. Foram isoladas enterobact?rias das m?os e cavidades nasal dos ordenhadores, bem como nas ordenhadeiras mec?nicas utilizadas na propriedade. Estes dados visam contribuir de forma significativa para a caracteriza??o das enterobacterias bem como para a compreens?o e sua descri??o no ambiente de produ??o leiteira, auxiliando no diagn?stico preciso dos poss?veis agentes envolvidos na mastite bovina bem como na implementa??o de medidas profil?ticas devidamente direcionadas.
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Rivas, Becerra Daniel. "Aplicación de MALDI-TOF Imaging y HPLC-MS/MS al estudio de la degradación del polímero policaprolactonadiol en diferentes medios acuáticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461713.
Full textAbstract:
Water is essential for life, human activities and ecosystems. The global climate change together the population increase causes an imbalance between the demand of water and the available water resources.. All these factors lead to a increasing deterioration of human health and aquatic ecosystems.
The characterization of aquatic systems includes structural and functional aspects. In addition, it is necessary to emphasize the degradation of natural and anthropogenic organic matter Aquatic ecosystem ecology, to study the loss of organic matter, uses the weight loss of natural organic devices such as dry leaves or fragments of standardized wood that has been exposed to the environment.
Bearing this in mind, the main objective of this thesis was to add more chemistry knowledge into the river ecology by using of a synthetic material probe to study its degradation in natural and engineering aquatic environments. The device is based on a commercial polymer exposed for a while to different aquatic environments. The degradation of the synthetic material probe is collected and analyzed by using advanced mass spectrometry techniques such HPLC-MS, MALDI-TOF/MS and MALDI IMAGING.
Chapter 1 (Introduction) is distributed into three parts. The first presents the problems associated with the quality of the aquatic environment, their effects on ecosystems and succinctly describes the biotic and abiotic processes of degradation of organic matter and its application in WWTPs. In the second part there is a brief description of the polymers, their uses and degradation, as well as the analytical techniques used for their characterization. In the third part, we describe the mass spectrometry analytical techniques used in this thesis, emphasizing those that allow the study of space in two dimensions, through the corresponding generation of images (IMAGING).
The main objectives of the thesis are described in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 describes the selection of possible polymers to be used, and the optimization of the analytical methodologies used by MALDI-TOF/MS. The chosen polymer was (polycaprolactone 1250). Probes consisting of a plastic capsule-piston with a sample of the polymer were prepared. Exposure experiments were carried out at various points of the Ebro River. The results obtained showed different types of degradation. Finally, these results were compared with those obtained in parallel using classical methods (using tree leaves). Chapter 4 describes laboratory-scale experiments performed with the selected polymer. These experiments consisted in exposing polymer samples for a time in aqueous systems, in sterile, aerobic and denitrifying conditions. The use of the novel MALDI IMAGING technique allowed the observation of degradation differences along the surface of the sample between the three types of conditions tested, obtaining images of the most interesting ions. Likewise, the statistical treatment of the results obtained was confirmed by the results of the images.
The success of the previous laboratory-scale experiment drove it to the next level and this experiment was applied it to wastewater samples. The WWTP El Prat de Llobregat was the site chosen, placing polymer probes in the secondary reactor, where the aerobic and denitrification (anaerobic) treatment are performed. The MALDI IMAGING technique was used to analyze the samples and high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used as a complementary technique to elucidate the structures of the degradation compounds. The results obtained allowed to establish the degradation mechanisms and corresponding transformation products differentiated between the two types of environments studied. The description and results of this study is presented in Chapter 5.
Finally, in chapter 6 contains a general discussion of each experiment of this thesis.El agua es esencial para la vida y las actividades del ser humano y de los ecosistemas. El cambio global climático junto al incremento constante de población hace que el desequilibrio entre la demanda de agua y los recursos hídricos disponibles se incremente. Todo ello redunda en un impacto creciente sobre la salud humana y los ecosistemas acuáticos. La caracterización de los sistemas acuáticos incluye tanto aspectos estructurales como funcionales. Entre estos últimos hay que destacar la degradación de la materia orgánica, tanto natural como de origen antropogénico. La ecología de sistemas acuáticos utiliza la pérdida de peso de soportes orgánicos naturales como hojas secas o fragmentos de madera estandarizados expuestos al medio para calcular la pérdida de materia orgánica. Partiendo de esta idea el objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido introducir más conocimiento químico dentro de la ecología de ríos utilizando una sonda basada en material sintético para estudiar su degradación en ambientes acuáticos, tanto naturales como ingenieriles. El dispositivo contiene un polímero comercial, el cual después de estar expuesto un tiempo en diferentes entornos acuáticos se recoge y se analiza su degradación utilizando técnicas avanzadas de espectrometría de masas, como son HPLC-MS, MALDI-TOF/MS y MALDI IMAGING. El capítulo 1 (Introducción) está dividido en tres partes. En la primera se presenta la problemática asociada a la calidad del medio acuático, sus efectos sobre los ecosistemas y se describen sucintamente los procesos bióticos y abióticos de degradación de la materia orgánica y su aplicación en las EDAR. En la segunda parte se realiza una breve descripción de los polímeros, sus usos y degradación, así como las técnicas analíticas que se usan para caracterizarlos. En la tercera parte, se describen las técnicas analíticas de espectrometría de masas empleadas en esta tesis, haciendo énfasis en aquellas que permiten el estudio espacial en dos dimensiones, mediante la correspondiente generación de imágenes (IMAGING). Los objetivos principales de la tesis se detallan en el capítulo 2. En el capítulo 3 se describe la selección de posibles polímeros a utilizar, así como la optimización de los correspondientes métodos de análisis mediante MALDI-TOF/MS. Con el polímero finalmente elegido (policaprolactonadiol 1250) se prepararon sondas poliméricas y se realizaron experimentos de exposición en diversos puntos del río Ebro. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron diferentes tipos de degradación. Finalmente, éstos se compararon con los obtenidos en paralelo mediante métodos clásicos, empleando hojas de árbol. Con el polímero seleccionado se realizaron experimentos a escala de laboratorio, que se describen en el capítulo 4, consistentes en la exposición de muestras de polímero durante un tiempo concreto en sistemas acuosos en condiciones estériles, aeróbicas y desnitrificantes. El uso de la novedosa técnica MALDI IMAGING, permitió observar diferencias de degradación a lo largo de la superficie de la muestra entre los tres tipos de condiciones ensayadas, obteniendo imágenes de los iones más interesantes. Así mismo, el tratamiento estadístico de los resultados obtenidos confirmó las imágenes adquiridas. El éxito del experimento anterior a escala de laboratorio, impulsó llevarlo al siguiente nivel y aplicarlo en muestras de aguas residuales. Así pues, las sondas de polímero se instalaron en el reactor secundario de la EDAR del Prat de Llobregat, donde se realiza un tratamiento de nitrificación (aerobio) y uno de desnitrificación (anaerobio). Para analizar las muestras se utilizó la técnica MALDI IMAGING y HPLC-MS para elucidar las estructuras de los compuestos de degradación y establecer los mecanismos de degradación correspondientes productos de transformación en función de las condiciones estudiadas. Finalmente en el capítulo 6 se comenta la discusión general de cada experimento realizado extrayéndose unas conclusiones finales.
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Dantas, Vânia Patrícia Gonçalves. "Caracterização polifásica de fungos filamentosos zygomycetes com interesse em biotecnologia ambiental." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14995.
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Neste trabalho desenvolveram-se estudos de identificação e classificação taxonómica de fungos Mucorales, dos géneros Absidia, Circinella, Cunninghamella, Gongronella e Rhizopus, com vista a correlacionar microrganismos do mesmo taxa e a construir um esquema de identificação polifásica com integração de dados morfológicos, proteómicos e genómicos. Procedeu-se à caracterização micro- e macro- morfológica das estirpes, estudos moleculares com amplificação de regiões satélite e estudos de identificação espetral por MALDI-TOF MS.
Os estudos morfológicos permitiram a caraterização das estirpes pela análise da cor, textura das colónias e das estruturas vegetativas e de reprodução assexuada. Os estudos moleculares de análise filogenética da região ITS permitiram o agrupamento das estirpes ao nível da espécie e possibilitaram a reclassificação taxonómica de algumas das estirpes em estudo. Os estudos de MALDI-TOF MS e de análise polimórfica por M13-PCR proporcionaram uma boa diferenciação das estirpes, corroborando os resultados da filogenia; POLYPHASIC APPROACH OF ZYGOMYCETES FILAMENTOUS FUNGI WITH INTEREST IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHONOLOGY
ABSTRACT: This work comprises a set of identification and taxonomic classification studies of Mucorales fungi, genera Absidia, Circinella, Cunninghamella, Gongronella and Rhizopus, in order to correlate microorganisms from the same taxa and achieved a polyphasic approach, integrating morphological, proteomic and genomic results. Therefore, micro- and macro- morphological characterization of the strains, molecular studies with amplification of satellite regions and the spectral characterization studies by MALDI-TOF MS were carried out. The morphological studies allowed the strain characterization, based on the color and texture of the colonies as well as their vegetative and reproductive structures. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS region enabled grouping the strains at species level and allowed the taxonomic reclassification of some of the strains under study. Studies of MALDI-TOF MS analysis and polymorphic M13-PCR provided a good differentiation of the strains within the species, corroborating the results of phylogeny.
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SQUEO, VALERIA. "Alterazioni del peptidoma serico di pazienti con tumore renale valutate tramite "label-free" (nLC-ESI-MS/MS) e "peptide profiling" (MALDI-MS/MS)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/43783.
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Il progetto di questa ricerca è stato rivolto allo studio e alla caratterizzazione del peptidoma serico di soggetti sani e pazienti con carcinoma renale, così come alla diagnosi differenziale delle forme di tumore renale maligno da lesioni benigne. A questo proposito sono stati purificati, mediante tecnica ClinProt che utilizza microparticelle
magnetiche funzionalizzate, il siero di un ampio numero di pazienti affetti da ccRCC e soggetti controllo, estendendo lo studio anche a pazienti affetti da non-ccRCC. Le analisi di profiling peptidico sono state condotte mediante SM MALDI-TOF seguita da elaborazione dei profili spettrali per all’individuazione di clusters con potenziale diagnostico. Inoltre si è cercato di identificare proteine/peptidi con alterata espressione serica. A questo scopo sono state effettuate analisi mediante tecnologia nLC-ESI MS/MS e MALDI-TOF MS/MS. I risultati del "profiling" tramite MALDI-TOF sono stati verificati utilizzando un approccio proteomico diverso basato su una quantificazione relativa label-free in nLC-ESI MS/MS.
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Švecová, Natália. "Kvasinky polyfyletického rodu Cryptococcus - ich vlastnosti a výskyt v prírode." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414131.
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Yeasts of genus Cryptococcus belong to the Basidiomycetes, a wide group with different geographical sharing in nature. Many of them rank among human pathogens that endanger immunocompromised patients. Thanks to the big diversity at the level of subspecies, various species of the genus Cryptococcus show different molecular characteristics. Their identification is difficult because of the presence of polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell of some species. This work deals with the identification of species occurring in meadows and gardens. The 79 yeasts samples are identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The influence of different culture media on the identification results is monitored simultaneously with the identification. Since a capsule is present in many species, another parameter to be monitored is the influence of the sample preparation method and the matrix on the identification. 51 samples of yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus are identified at the species level in the experimental part. Selected samples are further subjected to the determination of characteristics by conventional microbiological methods. The determined parameters are the presence of urease, radial growth constant, susceptibility to antimycotics, fermentation and assimilation of sugars, growth in the presence of alcohols and growth in the absence of vitamins. The yeast samples are classified into yeast species based on microbiological results. Biotyping resulted in identification of selected samples in the species Filobasidium magnum, Filobasidium oeirense and Filobasidium wieringae. Other samples showed ambiguous identification. As these species have the same properties, they could not be distinguished by the selected microbiological tests.
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Matti, Reman. "JÄMFÖRELSE MELLAN PREPARATIONSMETODER AV POSITIV BLODODLING INFÖR DIREKT IDENTIFIERING MED MALDI-TOF MASS SPEKTROFOTOMETRI." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26085.
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Abstrakt: Sepsis (blodförgiftning) är ett livshotande tillstånd som innebär att bakterier eller svampar tar sig in i blodbanan. Det sker ofta genom njurarna, lungorna eller sår i skadad hud. Symptom innefattar feber och allmän sjukdomskänsla. Positiva blododlingar prepareras och analyseras med Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) där blandas preparerade prov med matrix och bestrålas sedan med en laser. Bestrålningen medför att proteinerna i provet joniseras och rör sig mot en detektor. Proteinerna detekteras som ett spektrum som i sin tur jämförs med ett referensspektrum av en känd bakterie/svamp som finns lagrat i en databas. Dessutom erhålls ett score-värde över hur väl provet liknar ett referensprov. Arbetets syfte var att se vilken provberedningsmetod som gav ett tillförlitligt resultat i MALDI-TOF och ett bra score-värde för identifiering av bakterier till art-nivå på kortast tid. Preparationsmetoderna innefattar rening av blod från röda blodkroppar och andra partiklar som stör MALDI TOF-instrument. Metoderna jämfördes med nuvarande Saponinmetod. Två av metoderna (Ferroni och Huang) gav dåliga resultat och jämförelsen avbröts efter två försök. Ett kommersiellt kit Sepsityper extraktion gav bra resultat där 79 % av analyserna gav identifiering till art-nivå. Motsvarande resultat med saponin-metoden var 33 %. Slutsatsen är att Sepsityper-extraktion-metoden gav betydligt bättre resultat än nuvarande Saponin-metod. Metoden var robust, användarvänlig, snabb och gav bra resultat både för gramnegativa och grampositiva bakterier.Abstract: Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a life-threatening condition caused by bacteria or fungi entering the bloodstream. Pathogens often again access through the kidneys, lungs or wounds in damaged skin. Symptoms include fever, chills and general feeling of illness. Positive blood cultures are prepared and analyzed with Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) prepared samples are mixed with matrix and then irradiated with laser beam. The laser beam will be directed to each position in the MALDI plate that causes the proteins in the sample to ionize and move towards a detector. The protein pattern is presented in a spectrum that is compared with a reference spectrum of known bacteria / fungi, stored in a database. In addition, a score value was obtained on how well the sample is aligned to the reference sample. The aim of this study was to compare three methods in order to achieve the best score value for identification to species level. The time factor was also important. The preparation methods include purification of blood removing red blood cells and other particles that interfere with MALDI analysis. The methods were compared with the current Saponinmethod. The results of two methods (Ferroni and Huang) were not satisfactory and further comparison was interrupted after two experiments. A commercial kit Sepsityper with extraction gave good results with 79 % identification to species level. Corresponding results for the current Saponin-method was 33 %. In conclusion, the Sepsityper-extraction-method was superior to the current Saponin-method. The method was robust, user-friendly, rapid and gave good results from both gramnegative and grampositive bacteria.
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Thiel, Juliane. "Charakterisierung von Viridans-Streptokokken in kariösem Dentin durch biochemische Identifizierung, MALDI-TOF-MS-Analyse und speziesspezifische PCRs." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-100280.
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Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde bei 27 Patienten, die klinische Zeichen der Karies, aber keine pulpitischen Symptome zeigten, kariöses Dentin mit Hilfe eines sterilen Exkavators entnommen. Das durchschnittliche Alter der Patienten beträgt 41 Jahre und der Durchschnittswert des DMF-T-Index 12,5. Die Untersuchungsgruppe bestand zu 55,5 % aus männlichen Probanden sowie zu 44 % aus Rauchern. Nach Isolierung von 107 Reinkulturen aus den Patientenproben erfolgte die Identifizierung der oralen Streptokokken mittels eines mikrobiologischen Standardtests (RapidID-32Strep der Firma BioMérieux) und MALDI-TOF-MS-Analyse. Parallel wurden speziesspezifische PCRs der Dentinproben für S. sanguinis, S. constellatus, S. intermedius, S. anginosus, S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. oralis, S. mitis, S. gordonii und S. parasanguinis durchgeführt. Mittels MALDI-TOF-MS-Analyse konnten insgesamt sechs verschiedene Spezies oraler Streptokokken in den Dentinproben nachgewiesen werden. Am häufigsten kamen Vertreter der Mitis-Gruppe vor (in 89 % der Dentinproben), gefolgt von S. gordonii und S. sanguinis (zu 52 % und 26 % vertreten). Die MALDI-TOF-MS-Methode erwies sich als geeignetere der mit Kultivierung verbundenen Nachweismethoden. Ihre Ergebnisse wurden durch selektive PCRs einzelner Subkulturen und DNA-Sequenzierung bestätigt. Mittels der speziesspezifischen PCRs der Dentinspäne wurden zehn verschiedene Spezies oraler Streptokokken identifiziert. Vertreter der Mutans-Gruppe wurden so zu durchschnittlich 44 %, S. salivarius zu 37 % nachgewiesen. Es zeigte sich ein signifikantes Vorkommen von S. anginosus in Proben, die ebenfalls S. mutans enthielten (p= 0,00213). Alle drei Verfahren sind zur Untersuchung klinischer Proben geeignet, wobei die MALDI-TOF-MS-Analyse die genaueste Differenzierung auf Speziesebene ermöglicht. Die Non-Mutans-Streptokokken S. oralis, S. gordonii und S. anginosus scheinen die Mikroflora von kariösem Dentin zu dominieren. Sie übertrafen in der vorliegenden Arbeit in ihrem Vorkommen S. mutans in mehr als der Hälfte der untersuchten Proben. Diese Beobachtung stützt die erweiterte ökologische Plaquehypothese.
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Gabriel, Stefan Johannes [Verfasser], Ulrich [Gutachter] Panne, Clemens [Gutachter] Schwarzinger, and Klaus [Gutachter] Rademann. "Entmischungsphänomene in lösemittelbasierenden MALDI-TOF MS Probenpräparationen / Stefan Johannes Gabriel ; Gutachter: Ulrich Panne, Clemens Schwarzinger, Klaus Rademann." Berlin : Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1122741332/34.
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