Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Malaysian'
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Abdullah, Sarena. "Postmodernism in Malaysian art." Phd thesis, Department of Art History and Film Studies, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9457.
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Jarmeby, Kennerknecht Karin. "English in Malaysia : Attitudes towards Malaysian English and Standard English." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-70944.
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In Malaysia what was at first Standard English has over time changed and a variety called Malaysian English has arisen. This variety of English is full of colloquial expressions and the grammar also differs slightly from that of Standard English. This paper surveys Malaysian speakers’ attitudes towards Malaysian English and Standard English. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results show that the informants consider Malaysian English useful for informal and everyday communication whereas Standard English is more useful for international communication as well as more formal purposes. A good command of Standard English is still regarded as important. It became evident that while the informers were aware of Malaysian English and its linguistic characteristics, identifying them in written sentences was not easy. The informants’ attitudes towards Malaysian English and Standard English showed that one variety does not have to exclude the existence of the other.Vad som först var standardengelska har i Malaysia över tid ändrats och en ny variant kallad malaysisk engelska har växt fram. Denna variant av engelska är full av lokala uttryck och grammatiken skiljer sig delvis från standardengelskans. Denna studie undersöker talares attityder till malaysisk engelska och standardengelska med hjälp av en enkät. Resultaten visar att malaysisk engelska är användbar för informell och vardaglig kommunikation medan standardengelska är mer användbar för internationell samt mer formell kommunikation. Att behärska standardengelska anses fortfarande vara viktigt. Det blev tydligt att även om informanterna var medvetna om malaysisk engelskas lingvistiska särdrag så var det inte helt enkelt att identifiera dem i skrivna meningar. Informanternas attityder till malaysisk engelska och standardengelska visade att en variant inte nödvändigtvis utesluter den andra.
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Hamid, Jamaliah Abdul. "Agency in school leadership." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368769.
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Yadi, Mohd Zakaria. "Malaysian emergencies : anthropological factors in the success of Malaysia's counterinsurgency /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FNAME.pdf.
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Ooi, Yeng Keat. "Inclination towards entrepreneurship among Malaysian university students in Northern Peninsula Malaysia." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/34453.
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Thesis (DBA) -- Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2008.Submitted to the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Business Administration, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-199).
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Ishak, Naimah. "Colonization and higher education : the impact of participation in western universities on Malaysian graduates who have returned to their academic and professional lives /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9998037.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 372-391). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ahmad, Hamidah. "Environmental experiences of Malaysian adolescents in two neighbourhoods in Johor Bahru, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6115/.
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This research has addressed gaps in knowledge relating to environmental experiences of Malaysian adolescents in two neighbourhoods in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. This thesis discusses how the adolescents' experiences may differ from adults' assumptions and planning. The study begins by highlighting current issues relating to adolescents and urban open space planning and design in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Survey questionnaires were used as a research tool to reveal adolescents' time use and environmental experiences of their housing area, neighbourhood and the city. The time use not only revealed their activities but also places they liked or valued and their ideal housing neighbourhood environment. Time use data diaries and interviews were used to verify the data from the questionnaire and to seek more specific data of what they wanted from their outdoor environment. The findings of the research elucidate that there were both similarities and differences in Malaysian adolescents' use of their outdoor environment across different ethnic backgrounds, genders and ages. It is concluded that inadequacies existed in current Johor Bahru urban planning in addressing the needs of the adolescents. Furthermore, from this study, the Malaysian adolescents assigned attributes or specific criteria to the facilities and spaces they wanted within their housing area, neighbourhood and the city. The facilities and spaces they wanted were linked to their physical and social activities which they would like to do. The attributes assigned by the Malaysian adolescents are elements of play, variety, ambience, size, safety, fun and excitement, challenge, walkable, aesthetic and green, sociability, accessibility, intelligent and possessing affordances for sports activities. Based on the research findings, this study outlines recommendations for Malaysian housing and neighbourhood landscape in relation to adolescents' needs. Early consideration of adolescents' needs should be incorporated in the planning and design process. One of the recommendations should include providing opportunities for Malaysian adolescents' participation to determine their needs for facilities and spaces in housing area and the city during the planning and design stage.
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Tam, Yee-mei Agnes, and 譚懿媚. "Preservation of home of Malaysian Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193563.
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The study of diaspora dictates a yearning to return home which finds its Chinese equivalent in the notion of louye-guigen ( 落葉歸根) - returning to the roots. However, reality is that diaspora comes to an end after settlement for two to three generations. We do see the prevailing trend of luodi-shenggen (落地生根) – the planting of permanent roots in the soils of different countries of Chinese overseas. In some Chinese communities, luodi-shenggen turns out to be a total assimilation while others developed a uniquely Chinese identity.
This dissertation seeks to examine how the Sinophone as ennuciative tactic to afford a sense of homeliness to the Malaysian Chinese – Mahua (馬華) who maintain a practice of Sinitic languages in their daily life for generations while they unmistakably identify themselves as Malaysian. Such identification situates them in an inbetweenness where they engage in constant dialog to engender new speech act.
Through the study of Chinese street names in George Town, Penang and the Sinophone cultural troupe Dongdiyin (動地吟), I argue that Sinitic languages afford the Malaysian Chinese a sense of home and that Sinitic languages are employed as a tactic in face of the grand narratives of their mother Chinese culture and the Malaysian national discourse, and to displace them.published_or_final_version
Literary and Cultural Studies
Master
Master of Arts
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Yusoff, Norman. "Contemporary Malaysian Cinema: Genre, Gender and Temporality." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9925.
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This thesis provides close, contextualised readings of representations of gender and temporality in a number of contemporary, post-millennial genre films. The focus is on textual analysis of the films, placed within the contexts of their production and critical reception both within and outside Malaysia. This study lies at the intersections of scholarship on Malaysian cinema, film genre, and Asian gender and cultural studies. This thesis argues that the directors’ reworking of genres renders a more dynamic and hybrid nature of generic forms, reiterating certain conventions of old media and cinematic forms such as the culturally-specific mode of melodrama, and elements of magic and superstition. In doing so, they fall outside and question the assumed binary between realist and non-realist genres in US films based on generic regimes of verisimilitude. I further argue that this reworking of genres complicates the dominant notion of gendered subjectivities, which is contained within the binaries of Old Malay and New Malay, Malay and non-Malay, rural and urban, and professional and working-class. In all of the films I examine, such binaries, which have been spawned by the combined forces of the postcolonial capitalist state and resurgent Islam, are destabilised through diverse representations of time, narratively and aesthetically. In the process, they question and fracture the chronology of ‘homogeneous empty time’ that underlies the linear narrative of nation. For example, in romance and horror films, notions of ‘modern’ femininity are represented more ambivalently whereas in comedy and action films, anxieties about modernity are projected on marginalised forms of masculinity. The ultimate aim of this thesis is to reflect upon the ways in which the transformations of both genre and gender lead the films examined to critique contradictory aspects of modernity in postcolonial, contemporary Malaysia.
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Kana, Maria Perpetua, and res cand@acu edu au. "Christian Mission in Malaysia : Past emphasis, present engagement and future possibilities." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp68.25092005.
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The course of Christian mission in Malaysia spans a period of almost fivehundred years. It traversed a path that began as a military crusade but then fellshort of its goals in the centuries after and has now arrived once more at thecrossroads. This dissertation reflects upon the course taken thus far and fromits present juncture ponders the passage ahead. The starting-point is mission as it was perceived in the past: an enterprise of
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Abdul, Rahman Ramakrishna Rita. "New varieties of English in postcolonial literatures: Malaysian English in Malaysian literature in English." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/553.
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This study investigates language choice in Malaysian literature written in English in three different phases of Malaysian sociopolitical development: the Immediate Post Independence Era (1957–1980), the Mahathir Era (1981–2002) and the Current Era (2003–2006).The study is organised around three major objectives. The first examines the development and the use of Malaysian English (MalE) by Malaysian writers; the second examines the extent to which the use of MalE relates to the sociocultural development in Malaysia; and the third explores the significance of shifts in writing style involving the use of localised English. The study identifies, categorises, and analyses instances of MalE in Malaysian literature in English in terms of these three overarching objectives.The outcomes of this study suggest that the use of a nativised endonormative variety of English in Malaysian postcolonial writings is becoming more prevalent, and that such a harnessing of linguistic resources by Malaysian writers has important ramifications in terms of the construction and maintenance of a shared Malaysian national identity.
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Ng, Sau Foong. "Nanyang Hua Chi'ao to Malaysian Chinese : the emergence of a new Chinese identity in Malaysia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arn576.pdf.
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Schmid, Matthias. "Stochastic models of Malaysian weather." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39974.
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Accurate, stochastic representations of rainfall structures and weather patterns in the space-time dimension are a challenging task. Recently, efforts have been focused on the simulation of large spatial fields, representation of higher-order statistics, simulation of spatial extremes and overcoming the problem of overdispersion - an underrepresentation of inter- and intraannual variance in weather generator simulations. In this dissertation, these issues are adressed by presenting three different multisite methodologies - a 'conventional' rainfall generator using orthogonal Markov chains with Richardson-type separation in event-amount generation (multisite, PXEOF-enhanced orthogonal Markov chain model methodology), a more novel approach using multivariate EOFs to express precipitation in the region as a two-component combination of deterministic evolution patterns and corresponding stochastic amplitude coupled with an autoregressive moving average model (multisite, ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology) and, finally, a multivariable extension for the simulation of four meteorological variables with improved interannual variability on the station level (multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology). Based on above methodologies, 1,000 to 10,000 years of daily simulated weather for 196 stations (20 stations in the case of the multisite, multivariable framework) in Peninsular Malaysia were generated. Statistical characteristics of the synthetic dataset are examined in comparison with the observational record and comparisons between models are made. Regarding the ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology, the need for an autoregressive model component to improve short-term rainfall dependence is demonstrated and model evaluation is focused on a slightly 'neglected' topic, often missing from model evaluations in the literature - spatial rainfall footprints and areal statistics. For the multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology, the spatial and cross-variable correlation structure as well as the effect of introducing interannual correlations is investigated in further detail. The thesis concludes by summarizing benefits and challenges of using multivariate EOFs in weather generators and a recommendation for the shift towards a more parsimonious model framework with modular structure is made.
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Ghazali, R. J. "Patient satisfaction : the Malaysian experience." Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637051.
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The problem of scarce resources and escalating cost of health care has made the Malaysian governments to think about the corporatization of public hospitals. It is vital to understand the current situation before embarking on such a big project. The fundamental aim of the research was to assess the level of patient satisfaction in seven hospitals. In referral hospitals, only medical, surgical, orthopaedic, obstetric and gynaecology wards were selected. In non-referral hospitals, the wards selected were limited to male and female wards. Inpatients were given self-administered questionnaires after selection based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. As for the staff, the same questionnaires were given to doctors, nurses and attendants who were working during that time. SERVQUAL, which was developed by Parasuraman, Zeithami and Berry, was used as a tool for measuring satisfaction. Apart from SERVQUAL, the questionnaires also include a session on respondent requests. Respondents were asked to list and prioritise five important things that they want from the hospital services. In this study the rate of patient satisfaction was low in all the seven hospitals. None of the hospitals had a patient satisfaction score greater than 45%. However in all the hospitals, the levels of dissatisfaction were only mild. In terms of SERVQUAL, patients and staff were least dissatisfied in the dimension of Empathy. Meanwhile, the greatest level of patient dissatisfaction was in the dimension of Responsiveness. For staff, the greatest level of dissatisfaction was Tangibles. Staff perceived that hospital equipment was not up-to-date. Patients understand that being a public hospital, it could only provide facilities to a certain extent. However they expect the staff to respond promptly to their needs. This study also has proven the hypothesis: The patient satisfaction will deteriorate if staff knowledge about patient requests/expectations decreases.
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Baskaran, Lohanayahi. "Aspects of Malaysian English syntax." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317756/.
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The thesis is a description of some of the basic elements in the syntax of meso-lectal Malaysian English (M.E.), that are different from that of Standard British English (S.B.E. or B.E.). What used to be considered as errors or learner's strategies are not necessarily so and a detailed examination of such elements shows that there is a systematic and rigid patterning in the syntax as such. After a description of the general sociolinguistic setting and the emergence of the concept of institutionalized varieties of English, vis-a-vis the non-native varieties, the first chapter briefly sumarises sane phonological as well as lexical features of M.E. The second chapter then discusses sane of the Noun Phrase elements such as the pluralisation of mass nouns (Individuation), article ellipsis and pronominal concord. The third chapter goes into the Verb Phrase features such as temporal distance (Remoteness Distinctions in Tense), the simplified modal system and the use of stative verbs in the progressive (Stativity and Progressivity). Clause structure elements are discussed in Chapter four, where it will be seen that the interrogative clauses (the wh-interrogative, yes-no interrogative and the alternative interrogative) have their differences in terms of word-order (no subject-operator inversion) and different tag elements. Similar to interrogative clausal features is one type of declarative clausal element where for the initially negated and the adverbially fronted declaratives, there is no subject-operator inversion in ME. The last element described in this chapter is copula ellipsis, followed by a summary of someof the other syntactic features in M.E. that need to be further researched on (such as adverbial positioning, ellipsis of the expletives it/there, substitution of such expletives with got and grammatical particles such as lah, man, what and one). The concluding fifth chapter summarises the main points of the core chapters (2,3,4) and also addresses sane of the relevant applied linguistic and socio-linguistic concerns.
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Muhammed, Suhaimi Bin. "Preservation characteristics of Malaysian timbers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385151.
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Factors influencing the application of copper(II) and boron-based preservatives to four commercially important timbers of Malaysia viz rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), (Koompassia malaccensis), keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), and dark red meranti (Shorea spp.) were studied. Of the four, only kempas contains a significant amount of extractives; the ethanol-soluble extract reacts with copper(II) solutions to form insoluble Cu(II) complexes. The anatomical features which might influence the penetrability of preservative were shown by optical and electron microscopy to be starch grains, silica grains, gums and gum ducts, tyloses and the nature of pitting on various elements. Among the boron compounds studied, the trimethyl borate-methanol azeotrope gave better impregnation and relatively higher boric acid concentration. Both gas and liquid phase treatment of rubberwood gave a relatively high concentration of boric acid near the surface and a relatively low concentration in the interior. The distribution of copper in the four woods was established by atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The distribution is similar to that of boric acid in rubberwood. The distribution of copper(II) and the solvent in rubberwood during drying was revealed by X-radiography and chemical analysis. It involves movement of the liquid phase and not simply of the vapour phase. The way in which the treated wood is dried greatly influences the distribution of copper. Drying via the radial and tangential faces results in a relatively high concentration of copper at the periphery leaving the centre with a relatively low concentration.
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Ahmad, Zeti Azreen. "PR and CSR : Malaysian perspectives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9799.
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This thesis presents an empirical inquiry that explicitly exposes the relationships between CSR practice in Malaysia and the scope of PR. This thesis embraced a critical approach which offers alternate readings in Malaysian PR literature which are dominantly quantitative in nature. The focus is on how socio-political, economic, cultural and organizational contexts shape the practice of CSR and affect the scope and function of PR in pursuing the practice. This thesis has contributed to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the underlying motives behind the pursuit of CSR among businesses in the country. It also offers empirical data on PR roles in pursuing CSR in Malaysia – something that has received very little attention in the literature despite PR’s perceived potentials in spearheading the function. This empirical work has employed semi-structured interviews among PR managers and CSR managers working in renowned CSR organizations in Malaysia. In addition, the thesis analyses executives’ messages in CSR reports and later triangulated with interview findings that helped to achieve a rich description of the topic under study. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was adopted in this thesis and made explicit the relationships between socio-political, economic and cultural dimensions that shape CSR practice and the scope of PR by taking into consideration the presence of power relations in this phenomenon. Fairclough’s (2010) three dimensional frameworks was adopted to enable interpretation go beyond texts that mainly applied to data from CSR reports. The literature revealed CSR practice is a recent phenomenon in Malaysia whereby the government has been a major driver in its development. Drawing from Malaysian experience, economic growth is fundamental to ensure a fair distribution of wealth among multi-races in Malaysia that perceived imperative to preserve national unity. In this respect, CSR initiatives have been largely undertaken to achieve the long term survival of businesses that consequently drive the nation’s economy in a long term. CSR has been primarily constructed as a means to create business competitiveness and a symbol for success. This has been widely accepted among business firms in Malaysia thus become ideological. At the same time, PR role was found dominant in promoting the practice of CSR that appears to be working to the advantage of the dominant groups i.e., business and government. Nevertheless, how PR promotes mutual interests of business and society through CSR remain obscure. This thesis also argues that the motivation to promote business interests serves as the key stumbling block for PR in creating sustainable impact and value to other than it paymaster and financial stakeholders. This thesis suggests that it is time for PR to reflect on this common practice particularly in terms of its ethical implications to both the organizations and the value of PR profession as a whole. This empirical study has significantly contributed particularly in the realm of PR role research in CSR within specific social-cultural, political, economic contexts of Malaysia and PR research from the critical perspectives.
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Rahman, Shukran Abd. "A study on Malaysian teachers." Thesis, Rahman, Shukran Abd (1999) A study on Malaysian teachers. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51399/.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the source of commitment for teachers in Malaysia. This research is taken up by the researcher as an expansion of the previous research which has found that extrinsic reward is not an important determinant of teachers' degree of commitment in Malaysia. In this research, three hypotheses are tested and it is found that locus of control is not an important determinant of teachers' degree of work commitment. The second hypothesis is partly accepted when the study finds that internal teachers experience high intrinsic reward. However, the study cannot establish whether internal teachers experience a higher degree of intrinsic reward than external teachers experience. The third hypothesis, which states that intrinsic reward develops teacher commitment more than extrinsic reward does, is also partly accepted. The study finds that intrinsic reward develops teacher commitment but it cannot establish whether intrinsic reward plays more role in developing teacher commitment than extrinsic reward does. Indeed, this study has found that intrinsic reward is an important determinant of teachers' degree of commitment in Malaysia. Besides that, the research also looks into the source of organizational and occupational commitment and finds that the sources comprise teachers' personal factors and their school organizational factors.
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Majid, M. Shaheen. "Effectiveness of Malaysian agricultural libraries." Thesis, City, University of London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20113/.
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Evaluation studies can help libraries to find out their strengths and weaknesses and use this knowledge for re-orienting their collections, services and facilities to effectively meet the information needs of their users. The purpose of this study was to explore the information needs and seeking behaviour of agricultural scientists in Malaysia and how effectively their needs are satisfied by their libraries. The study investigated some major factors that were considered important in effectively meeting the information needs of these scientists. Five major agricultural institutions in Malaysia participated in the study. Data was collected through two questionnaires and follow-up interviews with selected respondents and library staff. The user survey questionnaire provided data on information needs and seeking behaviour of respondents, their assessment about the adequacy of library collections, services and facilities, and their overall perceptions about library effectiveness. The library survey questionnaire furnished data from the participating libraries on their manpower, budget, collections, physical resources, library services, and resource sharing activities. The population of the study comprised 1,328 individuals. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to generate random samples. A total of 332 questionnaires were distributed and 234 useable questionnaires were received back with an overall response rate of 70.5 percent. The study found that research and review articles were the most preferred sources for getting up-to-date information. Interaction . with professional colleagues was also considered important for information exchange. Libraries were more extensively used during two important stages of research, i.e., proposal development and report writing. Although a majority of the respondents personally visited their library they, however, sent their junior researchers andlor para-professionals for getting photocopies of articles, checking out books or getting information from the sources already known to them. The use of IT-based information sources and facilities was very low, although a majority of the respondents possessed reasonably good computing skills. Among the Internet applications, e-mail was the most popular while other Internet-based sources and facilities were used infrequently. A positive relationship was found between perceptions about library effectiveness and assessment of participants of the adequacy of library collections, equipment and physical resources. Other factors having a positive impact on the perception about library effectiveness were: involvement in the selection of library materials; notification of current materials; adequate promotion; convenient library location; staff attitude; and participation in user education programmes. The level of resource sharing among Malaysian libraries was quite high as nearly 74 percent of the interlibrary loan and document delivery requests of the participating libraries were met locally. However, only a minimal resource sharing was found among the participating libraries and libraries in the ASEAN countries. Although the participating libraries agreed in principle to participate in a resource sharing scheme, they felt that it should be the prerogative of the participating library to decide its level of co-operation and with which library to share its resources. It means that these libraries were in favour of a "loose" library co-operation network. A big difference was found between the number of document delivery requests made by these libraries to international sources and the number of such requests received by them from overseas, confirming one-way flow of information. Most of the document delivery requests were made to the BLDSC. Malaysian agricultural scientists, as compared to scientists in developed countries, made considerably less number of interlibrary loan and document delivery requests. A positive relationship was found between the availability of funds in research projects for literature procurement and the number of document delivery requests made. The study concludes that agricultural libraries in Malaysia were to some extent meeting the information needs of their scientists, although a disparity among these libraries was quite evident. However, the financial crisis of 1997 has severely affected the performance of these libraries. Library collections, services and facilities considered reasonable at the time of this study may quickly become inadequate due to the lack of funds to sustain them. Therefore, agricultural libraries in Malaysia need to develop appropriate strategies for surviving in the rapidly changing environment. Major recommendations of the study are: development of a formal resource sharing scheme for agricultural libraries in Malaysia, putting holdings information of these libraries on the Internet to facilitate resource sharing, making subscriptions to full-text electronic journals, more library co-operation among ASEAN countries, and the conduct of intensive user education programmes.
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Ahmad, Normah. "Narrative Risk Disclosure : The Malaysian Case." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509526.
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Mustapha, Mazni. "Subjective well-being among Malaysian students." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5279.
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The aim of the study was to examine the determinants of well-being in Malaysian students at home and overseas. Prior to the main study, interviews were conducted with seven PhD students of Malaysia studying in Plymouth, to explore their needs and values, and their adaptation experiences in terms of missing and enjoyment experiences abroad. Based on the interview findings and literature reviews, a questionnaire was developed and named as the Adaptation to Life Index, which consisted of two scales - ‘missing experience’ and ‘enjoyment experience’. A longitudinal survey was carried out using Malaysian students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the US, Ireland, and Canada as well as students who remained in Malaysia. At Time 1, data were collected from 1118 students who were enrolling at various overseas preparatory studying programmes and 972 first year students in one of the public university in Malaysia who were continuing their education in Malaysia. Measurements used were the Big Five Personality Inventory (John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991), Schwartz’s Short Value Scale (SSVS) (Lindeman & Verkasalo, 2005; Schwartz, 1992), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) (Watson, et al, 1988), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, et al., 1985), perceived stress scale (based on the results of Malaysian Certificate of Education and perceived English language fluency), and a section on socio-demographic background. At time 2, 30 % of the participants (N= 628) were retained. Life satisfaction for home students remained constant over time. However, life satisfaction for overseas students started much lower at Time 1 but increased at Time 2. Results showed that life satisfaction at time 1 strongly predicted life satisfaction at Time 2, but neither personality nor values were predicted life satisfaction at Time 2. Personality and values at Time 1 predicted ‘missing experience at Time 2 and in the overseas students, being fluent in English predicted less ‘missing experience’. There were few predictors of Time 1 for ‘enjoyment’ at Time 2, but fluency with English predicted better enjoyment.
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Loo, Kuang Ying. "Internationalisation of Malaysian high fashion brands." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530790.
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Yusuf, Mazila M. D. "Foreign exchange risk : the Malaysian experience." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21666.
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Foreign exchange rate risk has certain implications on the economic growth of a country. Such risk, measured by the volatility of exchange rates, is said to deter companies from engaging in international trade, reduce the profitability of firms (directly or indirectly) and discourage foreign direct investment inflows. The overall aim of this research is to analyse the impact of exchange rate risk or volatility on the Malaysian economy. The implications of exchange risk are substantiated by empirical studies on the impact of exchange rate volatility on Malaysia's trade balance and main categories of exports (primary trading partners only), on its market shares and on inward foreign direct investment from its main suppliers. Different forms of estimations have been conducted to establish these relationships including cointegration, Granger causality effects, impulse response, variance decomposition, vector error correction models and panel fixed effects. Two measures of exchange rate volatility have been used: the moving average standard deviations and the GARCH model. The overall results reveal that exchange rate volatility has inconsistent impacts on Malaysian economic factors. Exchange rate volatility is found to have a significant impact only on Malaysia's trade balance with the United States and Singapore. The major export categories are found to have a positive significant relationship with exchange rate volatility during the floating exchange rate period and a negative significant relationship during the fixed exchange rate period. The empirical results conclude that Malaysian stock prices lead exchange rate volatility. Aggregate inward foreign direct investment into Malaysia has a positive significant relationship, while disaggregate inward foreign direct investment has an insignificant positive relationship with exchange rate volatility.
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Lazemi, Rose Lena. "IT implementation in Malaysian government departments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428268.
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Shaari, Khozirah. "Phytochemical studies on the Malaysian Flacourtiaceae." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296099.
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Sze, L. (Le). "Malaysian SMEs internationalization through networks approach." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201904031400.
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Abstract. In Malaysia, 98.5 per cent of business incorporation is related to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs had contributed 36.6 per cent of the total gross domestic product in 2016, and it is expected to increase to 41 per cent in 2020. Importantly, Malaysian SMEs create 65 per cent of employment opportunities, and around 20 per cent of the Malaysian SMEs are actively operating their businesses with international partners or clients—internationalization.
Although building and managing network relationship has been view as one of the most important ways to ensure the business sustainability in Malaysia, and yet, most of the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs are not equipped with a fundamental knowledge of networks in business management. Generally, the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs gain networks knowledge through practice, which means that they learn of how to develop, coordinate, and maintain a network relationship via trial and error approach. Undeniably, the trial and error approach is considered a meaningful learning process in business management. Notwithstanding, such a strategy is relatively risky and improper to be applied on internationalization. The reason given is that operating in the international market is more challenging than running a business in the domestic market; the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs may face many uncertainties in the global market without proper networks, such as customer needs, distribution channel, legislation, and so on. Thus, the objective of this thesis serves to answer:
1) How do networks affect Malaysian SME entrepreneurs to discover international opportunities and to operate their business in the international markets?
2) During the internationalization, what are the influences of networks on Malaysian SME entrepreneurs’ knowledge, experience, and future business ideas?
The current thesis used Gioia methodology, a systematic inductive approach and rigorous qualitative method to develop the empirical model. Five companies from different industry were selected for the interview, including instant beverage, restaurant, bird’s nest supply, design and printing services, and hardware trading.
This thesis contributes to the current literature of the Malaysian SMEs by integrating business network internationalization process model (Johanson & Vahlne 2009) and guanxi (i.e., personal relationship). In this regard, the Malaysian SME entrepreneurs are more focusing on the development of guanxi for the sustainability of businesses. In term of managerial implications, entrepreneurs could benefit from knowing how to make a prospect list of global markets and manage international network relationships. The findings of this thesis also important to Malaysian government and institutions; it could be served as a blueprint to plan and design a better training programme for the Malaysian SME entrepreneurs, such as the art of turning a business partnership into a personal relationship.
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Khalid, Mohamad Sukeri. "Abandoned housing development : the Malaysian experience." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2321.
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The issue of abandoned housing project is a matter of grave importance in Malaysia. This study sought to identify the causes leading to the problem from the view point of neo-classical and institutional economic analysis. Having that aim in mind, the research focused on reviewing available literature on the applicability of neo-classical and institutional theories in land and property market analysis, understanding the abandoned housing projects, identifying institution affecting housing development in Malaysia, examining the role of market signal, identifying the causes of abandoned housing projects and recommending suitable policies to prevent and solve the problem of abandoned projects. Extensive field work was done in order to collect primary data for the study. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were done using sample study areas which comprises of 6 different states in Malaysia. The respondents in this study are sample from the population of private developers. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the cause of abandonment of housing projects relates to institutional factors and failure to respond appropriately to market signal.
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Tan, Chrystalle B. Y. "Face processing in Malaysian Chinese adults." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14361/.
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Cross-cultural studies have identified a distinct holistic-analytic pattern that observers employ in various cognitive and perceptual tasks. Recent face perception studies utilizing eye tracking methodologies have also revealed distinct Eastern and Western viewing patterns when recognizing identities and emotions. However, studies exploring genetic and cultural factors found that British born Chinese observers employed either Eastern or Western eye movement strategies, suggesting that a simple Eastern-Western distinction does not fully explain the diversity in observers’ eye movement strategies. Although Malaysia is an East Asian country, it is strongly multicultural and heavily influenced by Western culture. This thesis aimed to investigate Malaysian Chinese participants’ eye movement strategy and recognition abilities by requiring participants to perform static and dynamic face recognition, and emotion recognition tasks on African, East Asian, and Western Caucasian faces.
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Hashim, Noor Azuan binti. "E-commerce adoption by Malaysian SMEs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14590/.
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E-commerce adoption among SMEs has been much discussed in management information technology and technological innovation literature. However, most of these prior studies focused mainly on e-commerce awareness or factors that influence e-commerce adoption. This study, on the other hand, attempts to develop a holistic insight into e-commerce adoption by SMEs. It investigates why some SMEs adopt e-commerce readily, and others do not. In addition, this study investigates the appropriateness of government support for SMEs encouraging them to adopt e-commerce. There is very little research that assesses e-commerce adoption by SMEs, certainly none as extensive as this, and there is also very limited empirical investigation of government support for SMEs to adopt e-commerce. This study helps to fill this gap by exploring these issues relating to e-commerce and SMEs. The framework model proposed in this study was developed out of an integration of various perspectives using the technological innovation literature, specifically the DOl and TOE frameworks. This model considers internal factors (the demographic characteristics of managers and their organisations), external factors (particularly government support), and reasons for, benefits of, and inhibitors to e-commerce adoption. Data for this study were collected through a questionnaire survey of over three thousand SMEs in Malaysia and forty face-to- face semi-structured interviews with SME managers and government officials . ., Results show there is a low level of adoption of e-commerce by SME managers whether or not they received government e-commerce supports. E-commerce usage hardly extends beyond e-mail. Online buying and complex websites, such as websites with online ordering and online payment facility are not common. Websites are used to provide contact details and information about the firm and information about its goods and services only, without displaying prices. The SME and SME manager demographic characteristics show significant association with e-commerce adoption. Two important factors that facilitate e- commerce adoption emerge from these characteristics namely SME location and the manager's experience of living abroad. To encourage e-commerce adoption, SMEs in developing countries need not only to have appropriate technology infrastructure installed, but also to be in a location with good public transportation services and efficient delivery methods. SME managers also need experience of buying and selling on the Internet, which they might gain while living abroad. The interviews raise a number of questions about the effectiveness of government support programmes, and the ulterior motives of SMEs. The benefits of e-commerce are more often perceived than achieved. Interestingly, the reason that SMEs adopt e-commerce is to enhance company image, rather than its efficiency. From the research findings, a series of recommendations for e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Malaysia emerges, providing guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and academics. Many recommendations, such as the need to evaluate e-commerce initiatives, may perhaps be extended to government K'T policies in the developing world as a whole. The study exposes many gaps, often overlooked, between the rhetoric of e-commerce adoption and the reality. The model proposed in this study may be comprehensive for e-commerce adoption in firms. Future research can build on and extend the proposed integrated model by including other potential factors from different contexts. It will be helpful to explore other statistical analysis, either in the current model or in an enhanced one. The findings will help towards a better understanding for firms and government and suggest a quantitative basis for them to determine favourable policies and conditions for expanding their e-commerce. This study provides the impetus for future research on many issues.
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Kochik, Sofian. "Budget participation in Malaysian local authorites." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16497/.
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This study examines the effect of budgetary participation on departmental performance via budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. The responses of 108 budget preparers and budget users drawn from a cross-section of Malaysian local authorities, to a questionnaire survey were analysed by using mediation analysis, path analysis and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation technique. The results suggest that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity are important links in the process. The results of this study suggest that the relationship between budget participation and departmental performance is statistically, significantly, positively and marginally correlated. Of more interest was the finding that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity are important intervening variables in the relationship between budget participation and departmental performance. The test for mediation effect, demonstrated that budget adequacy, organisational commitment, and role ambiguity had partially mediated the relationship of budget participation and departmental performance. These three variables act as partial mediators when they significantly reduced or decreased the path coefficient of budget participation and departmental performance rather than eliminating the relationship. Furthermore, the test for direct and indirect effect of budget participation on departmental performance, suggests that budget participation predicted or affected departmental performance more strongly in the indirect way than it did in a direct way. This suggests that, even though the correlation between budget participation and departmental performance was significant, the path interpretation suggests that the correlation arose because budget participation was correlated with other variables that have direct effect upon departmental performance not budget participation itself directly predicted departmental performance. Therefore, there is enough evidence to suggest that budget participation of budget preparers and budget users affects departmental performance of Malaysian local authorities indirectly via budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. Among the indirect effects, the link between budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational commitment, role ambiguity and departmental performance may be the most important in term of this study’s contribution. The decomposition of the observed correlation between budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity showed that budget 3 participation of budget preparers and budget users of Malaysian local authorities in the budget setting has direct effect on budget adequacy, organisational commitment and role ambiguity. Budget adequacy and organisational commitment was directly related. However, the relationship of role ambiguity and organisational commitment in this study was indirectly related. This suggests that participation of budget preparers and budget users in the budget setting of Malaysian local authorities lead to decrease role ambiguity that provide adequate budgetary supports, which lead to increase organisational commitment and thus enhance departmental performance. In relation to the strength of the relationships of the variables undertaken for the study, the overall relationships between variables are significant and positively related except that of role ambiguity relationship. The relationships of role ambiguity with budget participation, budget adequacy, organisational performance and departmental performance are negatively related.
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Mohd, Ismail Harun Mizam bin. "Malaysian Natural Rubber Industry: An Econometric Analysis on the Elasticity of Supply and Demand Approaches." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27933888.html.
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Deane-Johns, Santalia. "Transethnic Initiatives: In Pursuit of a Malaysian Civic Nationalism." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21440.
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This thesis examines the evolution of Saya Anak Bangsa Malaysia (I am Malaysian) from a civil society organisation [CSO] to a social movement organisation [SMO] leading to a social movement with broader networks for reform. Formed at the end of 2007, when Malaysia was undergoing a turbulent time due to repression and victimisation of the non-Malay/Muslim communities, political scandals, and economic mismanagement caused by the UMNO-led BN (Khoo, 2018), SABM had two goals. Firstly, to create a Bangsa Malaysia through its “One Nation, One People” Malaysian civic nationalism campaign, a counter-hegemonic movement to challenge the United Malay National Organisation’s [UMNO] Malay/Islamist ethnic nationalism, and secondly, to form a new left-inclined ‘hegemonic articulation’ free from ethnic- and religious-based politics (Laclau & Mouffe, 2001). As a CSO, SABM aimed to enlighten fellow Malaysians through its “think and act Malaysian” socialisation process to participate in a ‘Malaysian’ political community instead of narrowly a ‘Malay’, ‘Chinese’ or ‘Indian’ political community. SABM hoped this would encourage the creation of a Bangsa Malaysia which is reminiscent of Anderson’s (1991) inclusive ‘imagined community’. Although the consociational democratic framework was put in place prior to the nation’s liberation from Britain with the hope that it would unite the deeply divided society and encourage the development of a Malaysian nationalism, this power-sharing agreement has only entrenched ethnic divisions and identity-based politics. This failure has also been caused by the so-called ‘social contract’, a ‘gentlemen’s agreement’ among the Alliance leaders to grant the UMNO the dominant position within the coalition in exchange for the Chinese’ and Indians’ rights to citizenship (Puthucheary, 2005). This has enabled the UMNO to impose its ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy) and ketuanan Islam (supremacy of Islam) on the non-Malay communities. During the period in which SABM was formed at the end of 2007, there was also a significant rise in other pro-reform CSOs and non-governmental organisations [NGOs], and this saw the emergence of the Malaysian reform social movement. To extend this movement, SABM became a SMO, in which it assisted and participated in various social movement activities organized by the Malaysian reform social movement (Christiansen, 2009). Despite operating in a repressed political environment, the internet and social media enabled the Malaysian reform social movement to mobilise Malaysians for collective action. This also applied to SABM, which employed both the ‘logic of connective action’ and ‘logic of collective action’ to expand its own social movement (Bennett & Segerberg 2012). Whilst the former is a strategy which makes use of personalised action frames that are disseminated and shared through its website and social media networks, the latter utilises conventional methods used by advocacy groups including collaborating with other CSOs and NGOs that are autonomous in their own right and share SABM’s aspiration for a Malaysian civic nationalism. Commencing with an in-depth analysis from a historical materialist perspective in how Malaysia became a deeply divided society, this thesis then proceeds to examine the voices of counter-power and resistance of SABM members to understand how and why they disaffiliated themselves from the UMNO’s dominant discourse, and how they conceptualised their notion of “One People, One Nation” to create a Bangsa Malaysia. This is followed by a discussion of the strategies they employed, connective and otherwise, to advance this social movement, and the various challenges it faced.
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MacLeod, Alexander. "Race and nation in 21st century Malaysia : the production of racialised electoral politics in the Malaysian media." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3540.
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This thesis explores the development of ethnoreligious narratives in the Malaysian media. It shows how, despite rapid structural changes in the twenty-first century, including the arrival of new media, the growth of a nascent civil society movement and the shift towards a two-party electoral system, the government, opposition and media continue to construct and reconstruct essentialist ethnoreligious narratives around and through political discourses and events. This process will be demonstrated through a media analysis of the three most recent general elections (2004, 2008 and 2013). Samples are taken from pro-government newspaper Utusan Malaysia and pro-opposition website Malaysiakini. While the former was founded in 1939, the latter was central to the growth of Malaysia’s new media landscape and can reveal how these forms of identity have operated in the new information age. The thesis will draw upon Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), an in-depth methodological approach covering textual, discursive and social practices in order to analyse the form and function of journalists’ language and the ways in which it constructs ethnoreligious identities. It will be shown that Malaysia’s general elections provide a crucible through which Malaysian identity is reconfigured and reshaped; a site where journalists and other writers creatively rework racial and national ideas. But it will also bring to light the fragmentation that underlies the application of these ethnoreligious narratives; a process that has resulted in the reproduction of divisive political discourses.
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Zainuddin, Anizah. "Retail brands in the emerging Malaysian market." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720357.
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Zawawi, D. "Values and job performance : a Malaysian study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504956.
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Othman, Mohamad Rosni. "The blueprint of Malaysian maritime industry policy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540383.
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Ayupp, Kartinah. "Stratergy Processes and the Malaysian Timber Industry." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525144.
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Choong, Chee Guan. "Sustainability in the Malaysian palm oil industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589047.
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With a rapidly growing world population, the demand for palm oil is increasing. In 2010, palm oil accounted for 36.5% of the world's vegetable oil production and it is projected to be the leading vegetable oil in the world by 2016. The Malaysian palm oil industry is committed to delivering sustainable palm oil products to its customers. This is being achieved through the establishment of a roadmap identifying strategies and action plans that are priorities for 2009 to 2020. These include the implementation of IS014001 (Environment Management Systems), since 2004, and IS014040 (Life Cycle Assessment), since 2006. The implementation of carbon footprint labelling is currently being carried out as part of continuous improvements for the delivery of sustainable palm oil. The aim of this research was to investigate tools and methods that might be used in the delivery of sustainable Malaysian palm oil. Interviews based on a semi- structured questionnaire were used to identify current practices in the Malaysian palm oil industry. Results from the interviews highlighted the importance of IS014001 and IS014040 implementations in the delivery of sustainable palm oil. Case studies related to IS014001 and IS014040 were used to derive stakeholder needs for sustainable palm oil. These informed the creation of a supply network map that was used to visualisethe Malaysian palm oil industry and the extent of current IS014001 and IS014040 implementations. It was found that neither IS014001 nor ISO 14040 were implemented across the whole supply network. The supply network map was used to frame simulations of parts of the Malaysian palm oil industry system, namely, the plantation, mill and mill-refinery. Early results indicated that computer simulations could be a valuable tool that would complement existing methods such as Environmental Management Systems and Life Cycle Assessment. Simulation models could be populated with real-world data and used to inform policies for Malaysian palm oil production. For better traceability of decision making, considerations would need to be given to the identification of system boundaries, simulation parameters related to stakeholder needs, the capture of operating environments, and risks and uncertainties in the validation of models.
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McGowan, Philip James Kevin. "Social organisation in the Malaysian peacock pheasant." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305619.
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Binti, Haslee Sharil Wan Nurul Elia. "Malaysian TESL pre-service teachers' instructional planning." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20371/.
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The main aim of the study was to explore the instructional planning of Teaching English as Second Language (TESL) pre-service teachers (PSTs) in Malaysia. The three research questions used for this research were: (1) How do TESL PSTs plan for their lessons? (2) How do TESL PSTs make their interactive decisions (IDs)? (3) How can TESL pre-service teachers' post-lesson reflections be described? Five TESL PSTs were involved in the data collection process. The PSTs were observed three times, over the course of their 12-week teaching practicum around Malaysian public secondary schools in the city of Shah Alam, Malaysia. For each lesson observation, an open-ended questionnaire was distributed, the lesson plan was collected, classroom observation was done, followed by a post-lesson interview. Planning was mostly influenced by their previous experience, knowledge of students, level of self-efficacy, teaching beliefs, and the role of their mentor. Five practices that were common among the PSTs when they make their IDs are referring to their previous experience, using punitive actions, managing their expectations as well as being flexible and immediate when responding to classroom issues. Their reflections on the lessons appear to be done on different levels, depending on how they perceive the criticality of any incidents that occurred in the lesson. The findings also suggest that the PSTs were able to reflect on their experience and use these reflections in planning their subsequent lessons. However, the inconsistencies shown warrant further research on how these PSTs could be further supported in planning their lessons. The main conclusion that could be drawn from the study was that despite some criticisms on the PSTs' ability to reflect on their lessons, there is potential among these PSTs to reflect and to utilize these reflections further in planning their subsequent lessons, provided they are given appropriate and pragmatic support by the teacher training community in order for them to plan more effective lessons.
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Abdul, Rahim Suzari. "Supplier selection in the Malaysian telecommunications industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7437.
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Supplier selection plays an important role in any organisation. This study investigates and examines supplier selection criteria and the impacts on buying firm performance; specifically focusing on the telecommunications industry in Malaysia. Previous studies in this area have focussed on the criteria such as quality, price, delivery, supplier relationship management and decision making tools and techniques. However, little research has been undertaken to include government policies and business ethics as elements in the supplier selection criteria. After a literature review and interviews, the development of conceptual frameworks and a number of hypotheses were put forward. To achieve an in-depth study, four major telecommunications service provider companies in Malaysia were chosen as a case study. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in gathering data. The questionnaire is principally concerned with the understanding of supplier selection and its criteria; based upon the variables that are used for the model and hypothesis testing. The study also investigates the relationship between supplier selection and the impact of supplier selection to the company performance. This model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique with the AMOS software application. Results indicated all of the criteria include quality, price, delivery, supplier relationship management, decision making tools and techniques, government policy and business ethics as valid constructs. A good model fit was also established. The findings of this research conclude that the influencing criteria to supplier selection in the telecommunications industry in Malaysia are supplier delivery performance standards and supplier relationship management even when considering the remainder of the above mentioned elements.The price factors were found to be less important due to this factor possibly leading to unhealthy competition in the market in terms of price wars among the suppliers in order to win the business. Most of the criteria are also interrelated to each other and affect the supplier selection decision. This model has added new perspectives to the study of supplier selection in the supply chain management field. As for future research it is suggested that intangible elements such as political, cultural and social influences are included in the conceptual framework; as this would offer important insight for management bodies in organisation, academia and public policy fields alike.
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Noordin, Mohamad Fauzan Hj. "IT skills and knowledge in Malaysian universities." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683155.
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Chua, Chong Kuan. "Malaysian Tualang honey and its immunomodulatory properties." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43263/.
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Discoveries of antibiotic resistant pathogens and failure in some conventional modern cancer treatments have led to the re-evaluation of ancient therapeutic remedies such as honey. In recent years, Malaysian Tualang honey (MTH) had been proven scientifically to possess many beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential. However, little scientific evidence about its immunomodulatory property has been published, therefore this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of MTH. Initially, human monocytic cell lines (THP-1 and U-937) were first cultured and tested against MTH as part of methodology optimization before proceeding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donors. PBMCs were used in this study because these cells can mimic the in vivo system of immune responses more closely. The cytotoxic effect of MTH on THP-1, U-937 and PBMCs was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,diphenyltetrazolim bromide (MTT) assay. It was found that the combination of 0.125 % to 2 % MTH and incubation durations 16, 24 and 48 hours yielded at least 90 % cell viability in PBMCs (except 2 % MTH for 48 hours of incubation). Hence, 0.125 % MTH was selected to treat the PBMCs in subsequent experiments. Using microarray approach, the gene expression profile in MTH-treated PBMCs were studied and it was found that 361 genes were significantly regulated by at least two fold changes (p < 0.05). Among these genes, the expression of immunorelated genes such as IFNG, IL10, IL20, IL24, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL9, IL2 and IL4 were validated using reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Functionally, these genes play crucial role in wound healing by facilitating the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, supporting the wound healing activity in honey. Using flow cytometry, the immunomodulatory effect of MTH in activating PBMCs subpopulations was also determined using cell surface marker cluster of differentiation (CD) 69. It was found that MTH did not possessed any immunosuppressive effect in regulating cell activation in helper T cells (CD3+ CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+ CD4-) and B cells (CD3- CD19+). The production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10 from mitogen-stimulated and non-stimulated PBMCs after MTH treatment were also quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-10 (immunoregulatory cytokine) and IFN-γ (pro-inflammatory cytokine) production were found elevated significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggested that MTH involved in early immunoregulation and late pro-inflammatory responses, supporting the antimicrobial activity of honey. This is the first study ever conducted to investigate the gene expression profile in PBMCs treated with MTH. Overall, present findings showed that MTH possessed immunomodulatory effect by regulating the expression of immune related genes, leading to significant increase in the production of type 1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and type 2 cytokine (IL-10) in PBMCs. This suggested that MTH possessed immunomodulatory effect that can potentially contribute to the antimicrobial and wound healing activities in honey. These findings can further justify the application of MTH as topical dressing especially in wound management potentially by eliminating wound infection as well as promoting wound healing process.
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Harun, Mohd Baharudin. "Criminal responsibility under the Malaysian penal code." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21291.
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This study examines the criminal responsibility under the Malaysian Penal Code. The first chapter traces the historical background of Malaysia and of the Code. The legal treatment of the issue of criminal responsibility begins in Chapter Two with the discussion of actus reus and mens rea which are the two basic components of criminal liability. A comparative approach has been adopted in the treatment of the subject. Thus, comparison of the position under the Common law and under the Penal Code as regards criminal responsibility continues to be the theme throughout this study. Chapter Three examines a particular kind of liability i.e. strict liability. The meaning, historical background, rationale and development of strict liability offences are dealt with here. In Chapter Four, this study turns to consider the defences to strict liability offences namely act related defences, defences based on lack of negligence and fault and defences provided by the statutes. The study concludes in Chapter Five by considering the issue of mistake and ignorance of law. The newly emerging defence of officially induced error is also examined here.
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Joseph, Corina. "Sustainability reporting on Malaysian local authority websites." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2286.
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This thesis examines the extent of sustainability reporting on Malaysian local authority websites. The use of websites by government in Malaysia is closely associated with the public service administrative reforms. The central underlying theme of the thesis is the importance of local authority websites in disseminating sustainability information to society. Institutional theory isomorphism is employed as a theoretical lens for both the quantitative and qualitative phases of the thesis. This is one of only a small number of studies examining local government website sustainability reporting, both in Malaysia and internationally. Thus it makes a significant contribution given this dearth of international literature on website sustainability reporting in local government.This thesis employs two methods to measure the extent of sustainability reporting on websites, namely: the content analysis and disclosure index methods. The content analysis and disclosure index instruments were specifically developed to measure the extent of sustainability information disclosure on websites in the context of local government.Sustainability information disclosure for the 139 councils varies significantly from 2 to 785 sentences with a mean of 106 sentences and the mean disclosure is 15 out of 57 items in the disclosure index method. Overall, the disclosure level is low despite the special features and technological capabilities of websites to contain more information compared to other mediums of reporting. In the quantitative phase, the disclosure index method was able to produce more significant results in explaining the level of sustainability information disclosure. The significant explanatory variables are: size (logrevenue), jurisdictions, internal goals and the LA 21 program. The justification for the differences in results from the content analysis and disclosure index methods make a contribution to the limited issue in the CSR literature.The qualitative phase findings added meaningful insights to the explanatory variables hypothesized in the quantitative phase. The additional factors identified under normative isomorphism include motivations to receive an award, and the key personnel in charge of the sustainable development program in councils. As well, the interview findings explained the reasons as to why jurisdiction was a significant predictor in the quantitative phase and the most noticeable variable within the institutional theory framework. The interview findings also provided evidence of copying of the sustainable development activity implementation from other councils’ websites in the same organizational field under the mimetic isomorphism.The thesis found a blurring of boundaries between coercive, mimetic and normative pressures for variables such as the size of councils, LA 21 implementation and awards, in both the quantitative and qualitative phases. The use of LA 21 was a significant explanatory variable in the thesis and should be considered in future research for public sector sustainability reporting. Following Malaysia's participation in the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government implemented LA 21 in local authorities in such a way that it filtered down and encouraged more participation from the people. This situation is also expected to happen in other countries all over the world. Hence, Malaysia is a good example of success in regards to LA 21 and the implementation process could be replicated by other countries worldwide. Finally, it is put forward here that local authority websites can become a useful tool to maintain or achieve legitimacy.Overall, the empirical findings have implications for various stakeholders with respect to improving the level of sustainability information disclosure on Malaysian local authority websites, namely: 1) policy makers; 2) communities; 3) local authorities; 4) the tertiary accounting education curriculum; 5) NGOs; and 6) universities. The findings provide an overview of the extent of sustainability information disclosure in the public sector in Malaysia. The differences highlighted between councils in urban and rural areas can serve as a basis for future studies. It is expected that the use of the website as a medium of disclosure will be increased in the future with more support from the management, clear directives from the government and a higher education level of the people. The thesis makes a significant contribution to the CSR and public sector accounting literature especially for Malaysian local authorities. Additionally, several ideas for future research could make further valuable contributions in this area.
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Lim, Chye Ing. "Sustainability Assessment of Malaysian Palm Oil Industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75678.
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The Palm Oil Sustainability Assessment framework has been developed to improve sustainability performance of Malaysian palm oil production. It was applied to a crude palm oil supply chain to identify sustainability improvement strategies. A biogas plant has been incorporated into the existing supply chain to improve the sustainability performance of crude palm oil production. This framework will assist stakeholders in the supply chain to select appropriate strategies for sustainable palm oil production.
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Hewton, Terry. "The northern Malay states in Malaysian history /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armh613.pdf.
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Yaacob, Abu Sofian. "A self-assessment tax system in Malaysia : a study of sole proprietors' perceptions." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322364.
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Meng, Chow Fook. "Angels with dirty faces : connecting pupils' views with curriculum in Malaysia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302225.
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Sugimoto, Hitoshi. "Malaysian education from an international perspective : the changing role of the British-Malaysian relationship and the #Look East' policy." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388400.
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