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Academic literature on the topic 'Malaya History Malayan Emergency'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Malaya History Malayan Emergency"

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Malhi, Amrita. "Race, Space, and the Malayan Emergency: Expelling Malay Muslim Communism and Reconstituting Malaya's Racial State, 1945–1954." Itinerario 45, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 435–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000279.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the physical and discursive displacement of Malay Muslim advocates of a cosmopolitan and multiracial form of Malayan citizenship from the arena of “legitimate” national politics between the Second World War and the mid-1950s. It discusses the trajectory of the Malayan Left during this period, with a special focus on the work of Abdullah C. D., a Malay Muslim leader of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). Abdullah's work included helping to build the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya (PKMM) under the MCP's United Front strategy from 1945, creating the MCP's Department of Malay Work in 1946, and establishing the Tenth Regiment of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) in 1949. This work was essential to the MCP's outreach to Malay Muslims after Malaya's failed national revolution, which collapsed into racial conflict without achieving independence for the British colony. The Malayan Emergency was declared in 1948, and its military and social campaigns eliminated or displaced the MCP's leadership and much of the MNLA, including Abdullah and the rest of the Tenth Regiment, to Thailand by 1954. Despite his continued engagement with political movements in Malaya, Abdullah's vision for a new politics for Malay Muslims was effectively displaced into the realm of nostalgia. His ideas, outlined in MNLA pamphlets and periodicals like Tauladan (Exemplar), never made significant inroads in Malaya, whose racial state the Emergency re-established, using race to manage the threat to its interests posed by leftist politics.
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Fong, Leong Yee. "The Impact of the Cold War on the Development of Trade Unionism in Malaya (1948–57)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011292.

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In the aftermath of World War Two, Malaya saw the emergence of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and its attempt to mobilize labour support against the returning British colonial government. The Pan Malayan General Labour Union (PMGLU), later renamed the Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Union (PMFTU), was established as a front organization to harness multiracial labour support and to work in close liaison with other left-wing political groups. Trade unions that mushroomed after the War were invariably dominated by the PMGLU and used as tools for the realization of communist political objectives in Malaya.
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Hack, Karl. "“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1999): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008043.

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This article addresses the historiography of the Malayan Emergency (1948–60). It does so by challenging two archetypal works on the conflict: those of Anthony Short and Richard Stubbs. These argue the Emergency was locked in stalemate as late as 1951. By then, a “population control” approach had been implemented — the so-called Briggs Plan for resettling 500,000 Chinese squatters. The predominantly Chinese nature of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) had also ensured that most Malays — who constituted nearly half the 1950 population of five million — opposed the revolt. The several thousand strong Communist-led guerrillas thus laboured under severe limitations.
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HING, LEE KAM. "A Neglected Story: Christian missionaries, Chinese New Villagers, and Communists in the Battle for the ‘hearts and minds’ in Malaya, 1948–1960." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 6 (April 22, 2013): 1977–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000741.

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AbstractDuring the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), the colonial authorities resettled an estimated half a million rural dwellers, mainly Chinese, from the fringe of the jungle, to cut them off from contact with armed members of the Malayan Communist Party. The re-location led to political alienation among many resettled in the nearly 500 New Villages. Winning their support against the insurgency therefore was urgent. At this juncture, foreign missionaries were forced to leave China following the communist takeover in October 1949. Many of these missionaries were Chinese-speaking with medical or teaching experience. The High Commissioner of Malaya, Sir Henry Gurney, and his successor, Sir Gerald Templer, invited these and other missionaries to serve in the New Villages. This paper looks at colonial initiatives and mission response amidst the dynamics of domestic politics and a changing international balance of power in the region.
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Rice, Tom. "Distant Voices of Malaya, Still Colonial Lives." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 430–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0149.

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Through the example of the Crown film Voices of Malaya (1948), this article examines interrelated postwar shifts in colonial history and British documentary cinema. Produced over three tumultuous years (1945–8) – in Malaya and England, with local film-makers and British documentarians – Voices of Malaya is a hybrid text torn between traditions of British documentary cinema and an emerging instructional, colonial cinema; between an international cinema for overseas audiences and a local cinema used within government campaigns and between an earlier ideal of empire and a rapidly changing, late liberal imperialism. The article challenges the traditional decline and fall narrative of the British documentary movement, as I examine the often overlooked ‘movement overseas’ of film-makers, practices and ideologies into the colonies after the war. In charting the emergence of the Malayan Film Unit, I examine the role of the British documentary movement in the formation of local postcolonial cinemas.
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HACK, KARL M. "The Malayan Emergency." Twentieth Century British History 4, no. 3 (1993): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/4.3.302.

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Deery, Phillip. "The Terminology of Terrorism: Malaya, 1948-52." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (June 2003): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463403000225.

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Although Cold War propaganda is now the subject of close scholarly scrutiny, the main method by which it was communicated – language – has been overlooked. The Malayan Emergency illustrates how the British government grappled with the issue of political terminology within the broader context of anti-communist propaganda. This article will analyse the use of political language; the change from ‘bandit’ to ‘communist terrorist’; and the problems of delineating the Malayan from the international audience.
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Stockwell, A. J. "‘A widespread and long‐concocted plot to overthrow government in Malaya'? the origins of the Malayan emergency." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21, no. 3 (September 1993): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086539308582907.

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Harper, T. N. "The Politics of Disease and Disorder in Post-War Malaya." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 88–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001971.

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It has become a commonplace of Malayan historiography that the period following the end of the Pacific War witnessed the establishment of a pattern of political life which has persisted in its main features into the present decade. Existing accounts have focused around the restructuring of the British presence in Malaya under a military administration and the introduction of, and opposition to, the Malayan Union scheme in 1946 and the Federal structure which succeeded it in April 1948. These years saw the emergence of an ethnically based nationalist movement and the defeat of a radical challenge to its predominance. The communal and insurrectionary violence which was a feature of the period has been represented as a constraint to subsequent political action — as a limit to what the structure of Malaya's pluralism could tolerate — and the constitutional struggles as a lost opportunity to effect its transformation. Whilst it is hard to exaggerate the importance of these events in shaping the landscape of Malaysian politics, there is a sense in which the sophistication of these political and constitutional preoccupations suggests uneven development within the historical writing as a whole. The social context which stimulated change, and the breadth of the local response which dignified it, has been marginalized in many accounts. There has been a tendency to conceive the state system and the colonial presence in Malaya within the bounds of a paradigm governed by the constitutional settlement, and the various phases of insurrection and political change as primarily the products of the subversive or nationalist imagination.
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Hack, Karl. "The origins of the Asian Cold War: Malaya 1948." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 471–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409990038.

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From the 1970s most scholars have rejected the Cold War orthodoxy that the Malayan Emergency (1948–60) was a result of instructions from Moscow, translated into action by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). They have instead argued that local factors precipitated violence, and that the MCP was relatively unprepared when the Emergency was declared. This article puts the international element back into the picture. It shows that the change from a ‘united front’ to a ‘two camp’ international communist line from 1947 played a significant role in deciding local debates in favour of revolt. It also demonstrates how the MCP had plans for a graduated build-up to armed revolt before an Emergency was declared. This article therefore offers a model for a dynamic, two-way relationship between the international and local levels of Cold War.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malaya History Malayan Emergency"

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Phee, Tan Teng. "Behind barbed wire: A social history of Chinese new villages in Malaya during the emergency period (1948-1960)." Thesis, Phee, Tan Teng (2011) Behind barbed wire: A social history of Chinese new villages in Malaya during the emergency period (1948-1960). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40824/.

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The subject of this study is the social history of the Chinese New Villages during the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960). The thesis attempts to reconstruct the everyday lives of the displaced Chinese New Villagers forced to live behind barbed wire-their social conditions, daily activities, perceptions and responses to British colonial policy and practice. In order to provide a more complete and fresh understanding of this history, the thesis is divided into two parts. Part I consists of five chapters which include an examination of the nature of the Emergency in the first Chapter and the birth of the New Villages in Chapter Two. While Chapter Three introduces the physical layout and environment of the New Villages, Chapter Four analyses the British Colonial Government's efforts to transform its ''unknown subjects" into ''New Villagers" and, decent citizens. Chapter Five then focuses on colonial discipline and punishment, and, the arts of resistance in the New Villages. Part II comprises four chapters which investigates different case studies of New Villages, namely Bertam Valley, Gunung Hijau, Pulai and Tras. The fieldwork and ethnography on which these chapters are largely based sheds new light on the multifaceted nature of the New Villages. Each case study not only illustrates the complexity of circumstance and dynamic social history of a particular Chinese New Village, but also presents a singular example of how the British dealt with specific types of New Villages, as well as how the various villagers themselves responded to the colonial authorities at the grassroots level. By using both archival sources and an oral history approach, this thesis challenges the 'top-down', or state-oriented approach and discourse on the 'success' of the Emergency, with particular reference to the origin and development of the Chinese New Villages. What emerges from the oral recollections of the elderly residents of the New Villages contradicts much of the official narrative about the success of the Emergency, given the Chinese people's long standing memories of their actual experiences of the resettlement programme. It is hoped that this pioneering ethnohistorical study will redress some of the lacunae in our present knowledge about these marginalized people in the immediate post-war history of Malaya.
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Bortree, James R. "Information operations during the Malayan emergency." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FBortree.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Hy Rothstein. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also available in print.
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Bailey, William J. "Countering-insurgency : a comparative analysis of campaigns in Malaya (1948-1960), Kenya (1952-1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/579.

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History has lessons for the present; could this be the case for modern counterinsurgency operations in countries resembling Iraq and Afghanistan? This research set out to study three historical counter-insurgencies campaigns in, Malaya (1947-1960), Kenya (1952- 1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980), with a view to establishing whether or not the Colonial authorities had a substantial advantage over modern forces when combating insurgencies. If this was the case, are these advantages transferable to aid forces involved in modern counterinsurgencies? The research questions focussed on how important the role of the Colonial Forces was to the eventual outcome, examining the principal factors that contributed to their effectiveness? Included in this examination were aspects of strategy, together with an appreciation of the concept of ‘hearts and minds’, tactics and the evolution of counterinsurgency doctrine. A qualitative research design was adopted, using a case study methodology based upon comparative analysis of the data collected. Case studies were constructed for the three conflicts, based around the narratives obtained from a series of semi-structured interviews, with surviving members of the security forces; predominately police and Special Branch. The primary data was coded, using a thematic framework developed from the Literature Review. These themes were then synthesised, analysed and interpreted in response to the research questions related to the perceived problem. Lastly, the findings were compared and contrasted to provide theoretical recommendations and conclusions. The study indicated the significant role played by the Colonial Police Forces, especially Special Branch, which appears to have been instrumental in dominating initiatives against the rebels. Supporting the police, were Colonial army units together with locally recruited indigenous militias in a combined approach to prosecuting an effective counterinsurgency campaign. In addition, this was reinforced by the Colonial Government’s ability to apply draconian legislation in support of the strategic plan, to reinforce the rule of law by the police, coupled with its ability to garner popular support through civil projects, such as schools, clinics and housing. Evolving counter-insurgency doctrine advocated the need to cut off the insurgents from their supplies, by separating them from the general population. Separation was achieved by the forced movement of the population into ‘Protected Villages’ backed up by food control, harsh collective punishments, detention and curfews. Further key beneficial factors for the Colonial Forces included their knowledge of religious customs, culture and language, which enhanced their ability to gather vital intelligence direct from the population; rather than second hand. Analysing the concept of ‘hearts and minds’ since 1947, indicated it was evolving as a strategy and was not operationally as well accepted as it is today. Although often considered a benevolent approach to gaining the support of the population, the research also demonstrated the antithesis of this approach occurred by the insurgents applying power over ‘minds’ of the population though intimidation, terrorism, and physiological control. This psychological control was achieved through sorcery, spirit mediums and the taking of oaths. Ultimately, political solutions not military ones ended the insurgencies. The theoretical recommendations indicated that greater attention needs to be expended in training counter-insurgency forces to empathise with the local population when conducting overseas operations; especially improved knowledge of religious customs, culture and language. The outcome would enhance their capabilities through better population support resulting in superior intelligence.
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Ramakrishna, Kumar. "A matter of confidence : propaganda of word and deed in the Malayan emergency June 1948 - December 1958." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.368810.

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Elmgren, Alexander. "Taktik i Malaya konflikten kopplat till Kilcullens 28 artiklar : En undersökning om Kilcullens tillämpbarhet på den taktiska nivån i Malayakonflikten 1948-1960." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2736.

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Upprorsbekämpning på taktisk nivå är problematiskt därför att konflikter som kräver sådanbekämpning, alltid är unika. Det finns inte heller någon generell teori som leder tillframgång.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka ifall Kilcullens 28 artiklar går att tillämpa på denlyckade upprorsbekämpningen i Malaya.Metoden som användes är kvalitativ textanalys av britternas taktiska doktrin underkonflikten, the conduct of anti-terrorist operations in Malaya (ATOM), utifrån Kilcullens 28artiklar. Även artiklar skrivna av officerare och soldater under konflikten har använts för attge stöd till påståenden samt för att belysa ifall britterna faktiskt följde sin taktiska doktrineller ej.Resultatet visar att det inte går att applicera Kilcullens teori på britternas taktiska agerande iMalaya. Endast 10 av 28 artiklar var applicerbara.Författaren drar slutsatsen att Kilcullens 28 artiklar möjligen inte är användbara somgenerella riktlinjer för handlingsalternativ på taktisk nivå. Författaren lyfter emellertid att flerstudier på andra konflikter behövs för att fastställa påståendet.
Counterinsurgency (COIN) on the tactical level is difficult because these conflicts are alwaysunique and there is no theory that generally leads to victory.The purpose of this study is to analyze if there is a resemblence between Kilcullens 28articles and the succesful COIN of the brittish security forces in the Malayan emergency.The method that has been used is the qualitativ analysis of documens. The main documentthat has been analyzed is ATOM, the brittish tactical doctrine during the emergency. Articlesthat have been written during the emergency, 1948-1960, by officers and soldiers, have beenused to to elucidate if the brits actually followed their tactical doctrine or not.The author concludes that Kilcullens 28 articles might not be useful as general guidelines foraction at the tactical level. The author highlights, however, that more studies on otherconflicts are needed to establish the claim.
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"Silenced Revolutionaries: Challenging the Received View of Malaya's Revolutionary Past." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8952.

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abstract: In the former British colony of Malaya, communism is a controversial subject that often invites significant scrutiny from government officials and pro-British scholars who describes the radical movement as a foreign conspiracy to dominate the small Southeast Asian nation. The primary goal of this thesis, therefore, is to reinterpret and revise the current established history of Malayan communism in a chronological and unbiased manner that would illustrate that the authoritative accounts of the movement was not only incomplete but was also written with explicit prejudice. The secondary goal of this thesis is to argue that the members of the Malayan Communist Party were actually nationalists who embraced leftist ideology as a means to fight against colonialism. By examining the programs and manifestoes issued by the Party over the years, it is clear that the communists were in fact had been arguing for social reforms and independence rather than a Russian-style proletarian revolution. This research scrutinizes the authoritative texts written by Cold War-era scholars such as Gene Hanrahan as well as newly published historical analysis of the period by Cheah Boon Kheng in addition to memoirs of surviving members of the Party such as Chin Peng and Abdullah C.D. The evidence indicates that early understandings of the Malayan communist movement were heavily influenced by Cold War paranoia and that over time it had become the accepted version of history.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. History 2011
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Books on the topic "Malaya History Malayan Emergency"

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Donald, Mackay. The Malayan Emergency, 1948-60: The domino that stood. London: Brassey's, 1997.

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The Malayan emergency: The Commonwealth's wars, 1948-1966. London: Routledge, 1991.

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Suppressing insurgency: An analysis of the Malayan Emergency, 1948-1954. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.

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Barber, Noel. The war of the running dogs: How Malaya defeated the Communist guerrillas, 1948-60. London: Cassell, 2004.

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Andrew, Herbert. Who won the Malayan emergency? Singapore: Graham Brash, 1995.

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Rayner, Leonard. Emergency years: Malaya, 1951-1954. Singapore: Heinemann Asia, 1991.

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Rayner, Leonard. Emergency years: Malaya, 1951-1954. Singapore: Heinemann Asia, 1991.

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Hearts and minds in guerrilla warfare: The Malayan emergency, 1948-1960. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Stubbs, Richard. Hearts and minds in guerrilla warfare: The Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Robert, Jackson. The Malayan emergency and Indonesian confrontation: The commonwealth's wars 1948-1966. Barnsley, England: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malaya History Malayan Emergency"

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"Nursing and the “hearts and minds” campaign, 1948–1958: The Malayan Emergency." In Routledge Handbook on the Global History of Nursing NIP, 228–46. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203488515-22.

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Rice, Tom. "Merdeka for Malaya: Imagining Independence across the British Empire." In The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407205.003.0003.

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In his chapter on ‘Merdeka for Malaya: Imagining Independence Across the British Empire’, Tom Rice explores how this film produced by the Malayan Film Unit in 1957 portrays Malaya’s path to independence. Through this case study, Rice brings relevant nuances to the accepted discourse of change between the colonial and post-colonial periods. He demonstrates that both the film and the film infrastructure reveal a continued British influence, although they also validate the transition to an independent state. In his argument, the process of independence as it is recorded on film remains mainly idealised and conceals tensions for the sake of the project of imagining the new nation. Rice also Focuses on the period of the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960), and the Malayan Film Unit.
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Ngoei, Wen-Qing. "Manifest Fantasies." In Arc of Containment, 82–113. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716409.003.0004.

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This chapter revisits the Malayan Emergency to recover the outsize American fascination with Britain’s military triumph over the guerrillas of the Malayan Communist Party. It traces how U.S. policymakers’ attempts to cherry-pick lessons from the British counterinsurgency campaign in Malaya shaped U.S. regional and global strategies from the 1950s through the 1960s. The American preoccupation with British-Malayan counterinsurgency tactics, as well as British and Malayan leaders’ efforts to exploit this preoccupation and thereby strengthen their Cold War partnership with America, illuminates the British Empire’s critical and enduring influence upon American empire-building across the global South.
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Hack, Karl. "“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency 1." In European Decolonization, 319–45. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315255989-17.

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Ngoei, Wen-Qing. "Patriot Games." In Arc of Containment, 45–81. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716409.003.0003.

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This chapter analyzes American responses to Britain’s nation-building policies in Malaya during the British campaign against the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), a struggle that London dubbed the Malayan Emergency. It shows that as U.S. policymakers cast about for how to deal with the challenges of decolonization and the Cold War in Southeast Asia, they drew special inspiration from the British nation-building colonialism. To preserve its imperial influence in Southeast Asia, Britain had cultivated Malaya’s anticommunist nationalists and together they forged a popular multiracial political alliance that undermined the mostly Chinese MCP’s appeal to Malaya’s hundreds and thousands of ethnic Chinese. When Malaya gained independence in 1957, its relative stability and leaders’ determination to side with the West was received by U.S. leaders as a notch on the belt.
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"‘The Tangled Mass of Unspun Fibres’: Information and Intelligence in the Lead-up to the Malayan Emergency." In The Special Operations Executive in Malaya. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350118560.ch-007.

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Robb, Thomas K., and David James Gill. "Crisis and Cooperation." In Divided Allies, 40–64. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501741845.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses events in Malaya and Korea, which, when viewed together, help explain progress toward closer cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific. The United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand slowly developed elements of strategic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region following crises in Malaya and Korea between 1948 and 1951. The extent of cooperation varied between states and rarely reflected purely strategic concerns. Whereas New Zealand supported the United Kingdom in the Malayan Emergency, the United States and Australia were initially far more cautious in offering assistance. Although the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand did support the United States in the Korean War, their efforts also reflected attempts to build closer strategic relations, generate diplomatic capital, and restrain their superpower ally from escalating the conflict. In both instances, all four states held different assumptions about the causes and management of conflict. Divergent national interests therefore weakened a coherent and united response to the Communist challenge from the Western powers.
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Kersten, Carool. "Network Islam." In A History of Islam in Indonesia. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748681839.003.0002.

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The Islamization of Southeast Asia resulted in a distinct Malay-Muslim culture combining the universalist dimensions of a religious doctrine with a global reach and the cultural particularities of the region (language, local practices). Recent discoveries of new text material and archaeological evidence have pushed the emergence of this civilization back in time. Key elements of the chapter’s narrative are the emergence of Muslim states in the archipelago, and the active participation of diasporic groups from the Middle East, cosmopolitan figures from insular Southeast Asia, and mediators from South Asia in the further Islamization of maritime Southeast Asia. It also provides the argument for challenging the frequent dismissal of Islam in Indonesia as a ‘thin veneer’ over older religious deposits of indigenous or Indian origin, a misconception that was later corroborated by anthropological research in the 1980s. Throughout this time frame, the Indian Ocean continues to act as a conduit for the ‘global circulation of ideas’ and the emerge of sophisticated intellectual milieus in Sumatra and Java
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Peacock, A. C. S., and Annabel Teh Gallop. "Introduction Islam, Trade and Politics Across the Indian Ocean." In From Anatolia to Aceh. British Academy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.
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Hazelton, Jacqueline L. "Not the Wars You’re Looking For." In Bullets Not Ballots, 29–80. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754784.003.0003.

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This chapter examines support for the compellence theory in three cases: the Malayan Emergency, the Greek Civil War, and the Philippines' campaign against the Huk insurgency. In the British campaign in Malaya, 1948–1957, the colonial government defeated a small, isolated Communist insurgency that failed to gain political traction even within the population of impoverished ethnic Chinese rubber plantation workers that it targeted as its often-unwilling base of support. In Greece in 1947–1949, the United States backed the repressive, fragile post-World War II Greek government and built its military capacity sufficiently to defeat the Communist and nationalist insurgents. In the Philippines in 1946–1954, the United States backed the Philippine government as a bulwark against Communist expansion in Asia, pressing for major governance reforms while building Philippine security forces. In all three cases, elite accommodation played a significant role in the counterinsurgent's ability to defeat the insurgency militarily, with the type of elite involved varying by case; uses of force included forcefully controlling civilians; and uses of force broke the insurgency before reforms were implemented, if they were implemented at all, as the compellence theory predicts.
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