Academic literature on the topic 'Malaria prevention initiatives'

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Journal articles on the topic "Malaria prevention initiatives"

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Olapeju, Bolanle, Camille Adams, Gabrielle Hunter, Sean Wilson, Joann Simpson, Lyndsey Mitchum, TrishAnn Davis, et al. "Malaria prevention and care seeking among gold miners in Guyana." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0244454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244454.

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Despite being a priority population in malaria elimination, there is scant literature on malaria-related behavior among gold miners. This study explores the prevalence and factors influencing malaria prevention, care seeking and treatment behaviors in Guyana gold mining camps. A cross sectional survey was conducted among adult gold miners living in mining camps in the hinterland Regions 1 (Barima-Waini), 7 (Cuyuni-Mazaruni), and 8 (Potaro-Siparuni). Multivariable logistic regressions explored factors associated with miners’ self-report of mosquito net use, prompt care-seeking; self-medication; and testing for malaria. A third of miners used a mosquito net the night preceding the survey and net use was higher among those who believed that net use was the norm in their camp (aOR: 3.11; 95% CI:1.65, 5.88). Less than half (45%) of miners had a fever in the past 12 months, among whom 36% sought care promptly, 48% tested positive for malaria while 54% self-medicated before seeking care. Prompt care-seeking was higher among miners with high malaria knowledge (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.05). Similarly, testing rates increased with secondary education (aOR: 1.71; 95% CI: (1.16, 2.51), high malaria knowledge (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.05), positive beliefs regarding malaria transmission, threat, self-diagnosis, testing and treatment, and, trust in government services (aOR: 1.59; 95% CI (1.12, 2.27) and experience of a prior malaria episode (aOR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.71, 4.00). Self-medication was lower among male miners (aOR: 0. 52; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.86). Malaria prevention and care seeking behaviors among miners are somewhat low and influenced by mosquito net usage, perceived norms, malaria knowledge and prior episode of confirmed malaria. Study findings have implications for malaria interventions in the hinterland regions of Guyana such as the mass and continuous distribution of insecticide treated nets as well as community case management initiatives using trained malaria testing and treatment volunteers to curb malaria transmission among remote gold mining populations. These include efforts to identify and address gaps in distributing mosquito nets to miners and address miners’ barriers to prompt care seeking, malaria testing and treatment adherence. Targeted social and behavior change messaging is needed on net acquisition, use and care, prompt care-seeking, malaria testing and treatment adherence. Additional efforts to ensure the overall sustainability of the community case management initiative include increased publicity of the community case management initiative among miners, use of incentives to promote retention rates among the community case management volunteer testers and public private partnerships between the Guyana Ministry of Health and relevant mining organizations.
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Danasekaran, Raja, Kalaivani Annadurai, and Geetha Mani. "National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme: Current Updates." Journal of Comprehensive Health 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v03i01.002.

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Vector-borne diseases are a group of communicable diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other vectors. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme is the programme for prevention & control of these diseases. Many new initiatives have been undertaken in the programme which includes National Programme for Prevention & Control of JE/AES, Strategic Plan for Malaria control in India (2012-2017), National Drug Policy on Malaria-2013, Environmental Codes of Practice, etc. in order to make India free from vector borne diseases with equitable access to quality health care.
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Macnab, Andrew J. "Global Health Initiatives to Reduce Malaria Morbidity in School-aged Children." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-41578.

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Background: To review global initiatives to reduce the burden of disease from malaria on school-aged children. The focus is on approaches with potential to reduce mortality and morbidity, improve the health and ability of children to attend school, avoid malaria impacting their potential academic achievement, and minimize the risk of short- and long-term cognitive impairment. Methods: Literature searches using defined terms related to malaria and education, and a scoping review of the key literature selected, to provide a narrative summary of the challenges and potential solutions identified. Results: There is robust evidence that school-aged children are particularly vulnerable to malaria, and need special measures to protect them; calls are widespread for better diagnostic approaches and program innovation because of current levels of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. School-based programs that educate children broadly on causation, prevention and care required can improve access to timely diagnosis and treatment; however, currently national malaria control interventions do not specifically target school-age children. The literature describes intervention strategies that include seasonal chemoprophylaxis, intermittent protective treatment and antimalarial therapy linked to mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases. Recently, a community participatory intervention model based on WHO-endorsed diagnostic and treatment principles has taught teachers to screen all children sick at school using rapid point-of-care diagnostic testing and treat promptly with Artemesinin combination therapy; morbidity and absenteeism are significantly reduced. There is no consensus on the optimal intervention strategy; approaches will need to vary, but evidence of ‘what works and why’ exists to guide constructive implementation measures in each endemic region. Conclusion: Malaria exemplifies how health inequity negatively impacts a child’s health and ability to benefit from education, yet simple and effective school-based approaches exist that positively impact morbidity, provide access to WHO-endorsed diagnosis and treatment, are applicable worldwide and can increase the capacity of children to learn. Keywords: Absenteeism; Artemesinin Combination Therapy; Cognitive Impairment; Intermitient Protective Treatment; Rapid Diagnostic Testing; Seasonal Malaria Chemoprophylaxis; Teachers Received: 14 May 2020 Reviewed: 14 June 2020 Revised: 28 June 2020 Accepted: 28 June 2020 DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-41578
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Henderson, Susan J., Allison Belemvire, Roman Nelson, Anne Linn, Leah F. Moriarty, Emma Brofsky, Mamadou Diaw, and David Gittelman. "Advancing Malaria Prevention and Control in Africa Through the Peace Corps-US President’s Malaria Initiative Partnership." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 9 (January 2020): 216495612097610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956120976107.

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Background Peace Corps is a US government volunteer service agency which provides trained Volunteers to assist host countries in addressing critical development challenges at the community level. The US President’s Malaria Initiative provides technical expertise and financial resources to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in focus countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective We aim to describe the nature of the collaboration between Peace Corps and President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) and highlight examples of the partnership in select countries. Methods We conducted an analysis of retrospective data obtained from Peace Corps and PMI for the years 2014–2019. Results Volunteers were able to learn about and work on malaria prevention and control with PMI in three key ways: a malaria-specific training program for staff and Volunteers; malaria-focused small grants; and extension of Volunteer assignments for a third year to support malaria projects. Successful Peace Corps projects supported by PMI, at the community level, were highlighted, with a focus on Rwanda, Benin, Zambia, Madagascar, and Senegal. In Fiscal Year 2019, 1408 Volunteers contributed to malaria prevention activities in 18 Peace Corps programs across Africa, of which 15 were PMI focus countries. While the majority of documented work by Volunteers has involved social and behavior change, there were many other ways to partner with PMI staff. Conclusion Each of the proven interventions that PMI supports for malaria prevention and control may have a role for Volunteer involvement. Combined with the technical expertise and the relationships that PMI staff have with national-level counterparts in PMI focus countries, the continued collaboration between Peace Corps and PMI can accelerate the fight against malaria.
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Steketee, Richard W., Misun Choi, Anne Linn, Lia Florey, Matthew Murphy, and Rajesh Panjabi. "World Malaria Day 2021: Commemorating 15 Years of Contribution by the United States President’s Malaria Initiative." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0432.

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Abstract.World Malaria Day 2021 coincides with the 15th anniversary of the United States President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) and follows the first anniversary of the declaration of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. From 2006 to the present, the PMI has led to considerable country-managed progress in malaria prevention, care, and treatment in 24 of the highest-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa and three countries in the Southeast Asia Greater Mekong subregion. Furthermore, it has contributed to a 29% reduction in malaria cases and a 60% reduction in the death rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In this context of progress, substantial heterogeneity persists within and between countries, such that malaria control programs can seek subnational elimination in some populations but others still experience substantial malaria disease and death. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most malaria programs have shown resilience in delivering prevention campaigns, but many experienced important disruptions in their care and treatment of malaria illness. Confronting the COVID-19 pandemic and building on the progress against malaria will require fortitude, including strengthening the quality and ensuring the safety and resiliency of the existing programs, extending services to those currently not reached, and supporting the people and partners closest to those in need.
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Cox, Sarah N., Kathryn E. Guidera, Molly J. Simon, Bareng Aletta Sanny Nonyane, William Brieger, Maria Susanna Bornman, and Philippus Stephanus Kruger. "Interactive Malaria Education Intervention and Its Effect on Community Participant Knowledge: The Malaria Awareness Program in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 38, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x17749573.

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Malaria is preventable and treatable, yet remains the most prevalent parasitic endemic disease in Africa. This article analyzes prospective observational data from the Malaria Awareness Program (MAP), an interactive malaria education initiative led by home-based care workers to improve participant knowledge of malaria as a precursor to increased uptake of malaria control interventions in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. Between 2012 and 2016, 1,330 individuals participated in MAP. MAP's effectiveness was measured through pre- and post-participation surveys assessing knowledge in malaria transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. The primary analysis assessed differences in knowledge between individuals who completed MAP ( n = 499) and individuals who did not complete MAP ( n = 399). The adjusted odds of correct malaria knowledge score versus partially correct or incorrect score among MAP completers was 3.3 and 2.8 times greater for transmission and prevention, respectively ( p values<.001). A subanalysis assessed knowledge improvement among participants who completed both pre- and post-MAP intervention surveys ( n = 266). There was a 21.4% and 10.5% increase in the proportion of participants who cited correct malaria transmission and prevention methods, respectively. Future research should assess behavioral changes toward malaria prevention and treatment as a result of an intervention and examine incidence changes in the region.
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Paul, Uttam Kumar, Pramukh Bhattacharyya, Rituparna Bhattacharyya, and Arup Bandyopadhyay. "Perceptions about malaria among the Bedia tribal people in Uttar-Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173547.

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Background: In a tropical country like India, malaria is a major vector borne disease ranging from highly urbanised to deep rural areas. Though lots of health activities are going on against it in urban areas it is difficult to penetrate the deep rural areas particularly the tribal based interior villages because of lack of initiative, huge illiteracy, gross poverty and language problems. Therefore, a study was ventured in a rural community in North Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India occupied by members of scheduled tribe called 'Bedia' whose mother tongue is a tribal language called 'Nagori'- to understand their knowledge and perceptions about malaria so that future actions can be taken to uplift their health status and awareness particularly in relation to malaria.Methods: Present study have conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs), one with male participants, one with females and the third one involving both the sexes. There were 9-11 participants per FGD and total of 28 participants were included in the study.Results: The transcripts were at first coded and then categories were framed. Total six categories, which are: perceived causes of malaria, perceived features of malaria, mode of spread, treatment, difficulties and modes of prevention. After the content analysis of the transcripts conclusion was drawn.Conclusions: Through our field work and the focus group discussions on the Bedia tribes we understood several misconceptions and lack of awareness of the tribal community about malaria. However, it was possible to create awareness and confidence among them that they could take all preventive measures and positive approaches towards malaria.
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Addo, Rebecca, Jane Hall, Stephen Goodall, and Marion Haas. "OP89 Using Economic Evidence To Set Priorities In Ghana: The Case Of Malaria." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001635.

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INTRODUCTION:Malaria remains the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana. Since 1961, several malaria control strategies have been adopted, some of which were discontinued due to funding. In spite of the numerous malaria control strategies in place, its prevalence continues to rise. Priority setting using economic evidence has been proven to ensure efficient use of resources in a cost-effective manner (1). This study, therefore, sought to examine economic evaluation studies conducted on malaria in Ghana and their influence on malaria control policies.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in databases including Medline and Embase to identify relevant Malaria economic evaluation studies conducted in Ghana up to December 2016. Malaria control policies formulated in Ghana over the years were also reviewed. The economic studies were examined alongside the policies to establish their influence on them.RESULTS:A total of eight studies were identified, all of which were conducted in response to a global directive on malaria control and funded by international agencies. All studies were cost-effective; five evaluating preventive measures and the remaining evaluating treatment. The studies used different methodological approaches, rendering the comparison between alternatives impossible.Most malaria control initiatives are funded by international agencies, hence its abandonment when funding ceases. Although the majority of economic studies addressed some of these policies, none of them directly influenced their adoption. These policies were rather influenced by global malaria control initiatives. Also, malaria chemoprophylaxis; demonstrated as cost-effective by three studies, is not on the Ghana malaria control policy (2,3).CONCLUSIONS:To ensure sustainability of malaria control strategies and subsequently reduce its prevalence, Ghana must invest financially into economic analysis for formulating and implementation of these policies. Also, the use of economic evidence by policy makers can be promoted, should researchers adopt a methodological guideline for its conduct that ensures comparability of results.
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Habonimana, Desire, Gideon Nimako, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Gabriel Ndayisaba, and Rohit Ramaswamy. "Improving long-lasting insecticidal nets use in Kayange community of north-western Burundi: a pilot study exploring the use of quality improvement methodologies in low-resource community settings." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 3 (August 2019): e000540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000540.

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Quality improvement (QI) approaches have demonstrated a lot of promise in improving clinical care processes, both in high-resource and low-resource settings. However, most examples of QI initiatives in healthcare in low-income countries are clinic-based. The objective of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of applying QI methods in low-resource community settings by applying them to the problem of correct utilisation of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in a rural community in Burundi. Correct utilisation of LLINs had been shown to be a cost-effective approach to malaria prevention. In Burundi, LLINs utilisation is low. The Model for Improvement, a well-known QI approach, was used to increase LLINs utilisation in a rural community in Burundi. In the baseline, LLINs ownership and weekly utilisation together with factors affecting LLINs non-use were documented for a period of 4 weeks before intervention. Improvement ideas were collaboratively developed by a quality improvement team (QIT) and tested using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The first PDSA cycle consisted of the demonstration of how to mount LLINs, the second was an implementation of reminders done by household ‘watchdogs’, the third cycle consisted of conducting two community reminders every week and the last cycle was a combination of the last two PDSA cycles. The intervention lasted 4 weeks and data were collected weekly. LLINs utilisation was calculated each week and plotted on a run chart to demonstrate improvement trends. LLINs utilisation data were collected for another 3 weeks postintervention. Of 96 households, 83 (87%) households owned at least one LLIN. After intervention, the number of LLINs used increased from 32% to 75% (134% increase) and the number of persons (general population) sleeping under LLINs from 35% to 73% (108% increase). The number of children under 5 years sleeping under LLINs increased from 31% to 76% (145% increase) and the number of pregnant women who slept under LLINs from 43% to 73% (69% increase). Also, the averages of the number of nights in each week that the general population slept under LLINs increased from 2.13 to 5.11 (140% increase), children under 5 years from 1.68 to 4.78 (184% increase) and pregnant women from 1.56 to 4.47 (186% increase). Each of the 4 PDSA cycles led to a significant increase in outcome indicators and the trends appear to persist even after the implementation was complete. While it is impossible to draw generalisable conclusions from a small pilot study, QI approaches appear to be feasible to implement in low-resource community setting and have promise in producing results. More research at larger scale should be encouraged to validate our initial findings.
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Cheema, Harveer Singh, and Mitra Pal Singh. "Drug resistance in plasmodium, future malaria management strategies and importance of medicinal plants." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2022.8209.

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Malaria, the most common and destructive parasite disease in humans, take the lives of 1-2 million people every year. With the exception of artemisinin, resistance to most of the existing antimalarial agent classes has arisen, resulting in a new spike in malaria-related mortality, particularly in Africa. Southeast Asia has been a focal point for the development of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum since the late 1950s, when the first example of chloroquine resistance was discovered along the Thai-Combodian border. Despite the fact that the first incidence of quinine resistance had been documented far earlier in South America, the emergence of chloroquine resistance in Southeast Asia signalled the beginning of a new era in malaria history. Following the development of chloroquine resistance, Thailand and African countries shifted to a sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination as their first-line medication (SP). SP was subsequently superseded by mefloquine. Because of the quick development of resistance to this new medicine, artemisinin was introduced as a combination drug in the mid-1990s. Artimisinin resistance has been identified in several parts of the world, and if it continues, malaria control initiatives could be jeopardised, as there is now no substitute antimalarial medicine available. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge about drug-resistant malaria and to sketch out the evolving trends of resistance to antibiotics, such as its causal factors, current situation in various geographical areas, molecular markers, consequences for preventing the emergence and spread of drugresistant malaria, and the role of medicinal plants in the discovery of novel antimalarials.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Malaria prevention initiatives"

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Maartens, Francois. "Malaria risk in the Lubombo spatial development initiative area : a perceptual analysis and representation using geographical information systems." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4177.

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Tourism is the world's largest earner of foreign currency. It brings an estimated R20 billion a year into the South African economy, second only to the manufacturing and mining industry in its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). An estimated 1.7 million overseas and African tourists visited South Africa in 1999. Of the 1.7 million approximately 500 000 or 30% of these tourists visited KwazuluNatal. Forty seven percent of the foreign tourists visited the Zululand and Maputaland area, which falls within a malaria transmission zone. An estimated 8 million domestic tourists from outside or within this province travelled to one or more destinations within KwaZulu-Natal on an annual basis. The Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative is a tri-Iateral initiative between the governments of Swaziland, Mozambique and South Africa to develop the Lubombo region into a globally competitive economic zone. The geographical area targeted by this initiative is broadly defined as eastem Swaziland, southem Mozambique and north-eastem KwaZulu-Natal. Accelerated development with regards to agriculture and tourism is the main objective of the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSD!). The Lubombo corridor has the potential to develop into an intemational tourist destination but malaria is hampering the growth and development of the region. Perceived malaria risk by tourists is believed to be an important factor that has a negative influence on the tourism industry in the study area. The risk factor, as defined in this study, is the possibility of contracting malaria whilst visiting a tourism facility in the area. It is therefore essential to understand perceptions relating to malaria and malaria risk in the LSDI area. Malaria control plays a pivotal role in the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSD!). The objective of the malaria control component of the LSDI is to put in place a malaria control programme that will protect the economic interest of the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSD!) and stimulate development. Malaria control activities have been taking place in the three countries since 1999. Residual house spraying is the method used to control malaria in the Lubombo corridor. Major reductions in both malaria cases and parasite prevalence have been recorded. Swaziland's malaria incidence reduced by 64%, South Africa's malaria incidence plummeted by a staggering 76% and Mozambique saw a parasite prevalence reduction of40% in the first year of residual house spraying in 1999. This study focuses on the scientific study of malaria incidence and distribution as well as on both tourists and tourism operator's perceptions of malaria risk. It considers the factors that drive people's perceptions of risk and investigates how tourists and tourism operators respond to malaria risk. It draws conclusions about how malaria impacts on tourism in the LSDI and recommends how malaria control can play a positive role in tourism development in the area.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Books on the topic "Malaria prevention initiatives"

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Onyango-Ouma, W. The potential for sustainability of malaria in pregnancy initiatives in East and Southern Africa: The Bungoma District malaria initiative, Kenya. Nairobi: Population Council, 2007.

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Douste-Blazy, Philippe. Power in numbers: UNITAID, innovative financing, and the quest for massive good. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Douste-Blazy, Philippe. Power in numbers: UNITAID, innovative financing, and the quest for massive good. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Fighting malaria: Progress and challenges : hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, December 5, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Bilateral malaria assistance: Progress and prognosis : hearing before the Federal Financial Management, Government Information, and International Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, January 19, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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1974-, Altman Daniel, ed. Power in numbers: UNITAID, innovative financing, and the quest for massive good. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Building on success: New directions in global health : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, March 10, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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Altman, Daniel, and Philippe Douste-Blazy. Power in Numbers: UNITAID, Innovative Financing, and the Quest for Massive Good. PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Altman, Daniel, and Philippe Douste-Blazy. Power in Numbers. PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Karen, Bellenir, ed. Infectious diseases sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about non-contagious bacterial, viral, prion, fungal, and parasitic diseases spread by food and water, insects and animals, or environmental contact, including botulism, E. coli, encephalitis, Legionnaires' disease, Lyme disease, malaria, plague, rabies, salmonella, tetanus, and others, and facts about newly emerging diseases, such as hantavirus, mad cow disease, monkeypox, and West Nile virus, along with information about preventing disease transmission, the threat of bioterrorism, and current research initiatives, with a glossary and directory of resources for more information. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Malaria prevention initiatives"

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Peprah, James Atta, and Charles Buonbah. "Can Access to Microfinance Reduce HIV Prevalence among Women?" In Global Strategies in Banking and Finance, 135–57. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4635-3.ch009.

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Microfinance has been heralded by many as the magic bullet, able to empower marginalized populations by investing into their agency. It has been growing at an average rate of about 40%, and providers have shown interest in reducing HIV prevalence and promoting health educational attainment among beneficiaries’ children especially among women who are vulnerable in most societies. Advocates of microfinance interventions have often stated it aims at improving lives by enabling clients to launch and nurture their own small businesses and enterprises so that they can become independent and improve their livelihoods. However, complementary to microfinance strategy is to assist clients in generating income and growing assets from the impact of crises events such as HIV and related diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Sub-Saharan Africa as compared to the rest of the world faces a serious HIV epidemic and the poor in general and women in particular are mostly at risk. This group of people is also the target for microfinance initiatives. The study reviews some theoretical and empirical literature about poverty, HIV and microfinance. The chapter establishes the fact that if microfinance can reduce poverty then it could also be used as a tool for preventing HIV infection. Policy recommendation that will enable microfinance institutions to contribute to the prevention of HIV, and its related diseases are offered.
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Conference papers on the topic "Malaria prevention initiatives"

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Mani, Kulanthayan KC, Anusooya Demado, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, and Kaviyarasu Yellappan. "PA 07-6-2657 Research to intervention: preventing fire and burn safety education initiative for primary school children in malaysia." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.45.

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