Journal articles: 'Malaria Asia'

1

BUTCHER, G. A., and G. H. MITCHELL. "The role ofPlasmodium knowlesiin the history of malaria research." Parasitology 145, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001888.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYIn recent years, a malaria infection of humans in South East Asia, originally diagnosed as a known human-infecting species,Plasmodium malariae, has been identified as a simian parasite,Plasmodium knowlesi.This species had been subject to considerable investigation in monkeys since the 1930s. With the development of continuous culture of the erythrocytic stages of the human malarial parasite,Plasmodium falciparumin 1976, the emphasis in research shifted away from knowlesi. However, its importance as a human pathogen has provoked a renewed interest inP. knowlesi, not least because it too can be maintained in continuous culture and thus provides an experimental model. In fact, this parasite species has a long history in malaria research, and the purpose of this chapter is to outline approximately the first 50 years of this history.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Yek, Christina, Sreyngim Lay, Jennifer A. Bohl, Somnang Man, Sophana Chea, Chanthap Lon, Vida Ahyong, et al. "Case Report: Cambodian National Malaria Surveillance Program Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, no. 1 (July 13, 2022): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.22-0039.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT. Despite recent success in reducing the regional incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, cases of zoonotic malaria are on the rise in Southeast Asia. The Cambodian National Malaria Surveillance Program has previously relied on rapid diagnostic tests and blood smear microscopy with confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in a subset of cases to further distinguish P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax species. Here, metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified P. knowlesi mono-infection in six Cambodian patients initially diagnosed with P. malariae by blood smear microscopy in February–May 2020. These findings of recent human infections with P. knowlesi in Cambodia led to the incorporation of P. knowlesi–specific PCR diagnostics to national malaria surveillance efforts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Noedl, Harald, Duong Socheat, and Wichai Satimai. "Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria in Asia." New England Journal of Medicine 361, no. 5 (July 30, 2009): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc0900231.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mueller, Ivo, Amelie Vantaux, Stephan Karl, Moses Laman, Benoit Witkowski, Anais Pepey, Rebecca Vinit, et al. "Asia-Pacific ICEMR: Understanding Malaria Transmission to Accelerate Malaria Elimination in the Asia Pacific Region." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, no. 4_Suppl (October 11, 2022): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1336.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT. Gaining an in-depth understanding of malaria transmission requires integrated, multifaceted research approaches. The Asia-Pacific International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) is applying specifically developed molecular and immunological assays, in-depth entomological assessments, and advanced statistical and mathematical modeling approaches to a rich series of longitudinal cohort and cross-sectional studies in Papua New Guinea and Cambodia. This is revealing both the essential contribution of forest-based transmission and the particular challenges posed by Plasmodium vivax to malaria elimination in Cambodia. In Papua New Guinea, these studies document the complex host–vector–parasite interactions that are underlying both the stunning reductions in malaria burden from 2006 to 2014 and the significant resurgence in transmission in 2016 to 2018. Here we describe the novel analytical, surveillance, molecular, and immunological tools that are being applied in our ongoing Asia-Pacific ICEMR research program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chandna, Arjun, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Thomas J. Peto, Marco Liverani, Tobias Brummaier, Koukeo Phommasone, Sazid Ibna Zaman, et al. "Defining the burden of febrile illness in rural South and Southeast Asia: an open letter to announce the launch of the Rural Febrile Illness project." Wellcome Open Research 6 (March 26, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16393.1.

Full text

Abstract:

In rural areas of South and Southeast Asia malaria is declining but febrile illnesses still account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Village health workers (VHWs) are often the first point of contact with the formal health system, and for patients with febrile illnesses they can provide early diagnosis and treatment of malaria. However, for the majority of febrile patients, VHWs lack the training, support and resources to provide further care. Consequently, treatable bacterial illnesses are missed, antibiotics are overused and poorly targeted, and patient attendance wanes along with declining malaria. This Open Letter announces the start of a new initiative, the Rural Febrile Illness (RFI) project, the first in a series of projects to be implemented as part of the South and Southeast Asian Community-based Trials Network (SEACTN) research programme. This multi-country, multi-site project will begin in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar and will define the epidemiological baseline of febrile illness in five remote and underserved areas of Asia where malaria endemicity is declining and access to health services is limited. The RFI project aims to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes of febrile illness; understand the opportunities, barriers and appetite for adjustment of the role of VHWs to include management of non-malarial febrile illnesses; and establish a network of community healthcare providers and facilities capable of implementing interventions designed to triage, diagnose and treat patients presenting with febrile illnesses within these communities in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chandna, Arjun, Rusheng Chew, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Thomas J. Peto, Meiwen Zhang, Marco Liverani, Tobias Brummaier, et al. "Defining the burden of febrile illness in rural South and Southeast Asia: an open letter to announce the launch of the Rural Febrile Illness project." Wellcome Open Research 6 (March 10, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16393.2.

Full text

Abstract:

In rural areas of South and Southeast Asia malaria is declining but febrile illnesses still account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Village health workers (VHWs) are often the first point of contact with the formal health system, and for patients with febrile illnesses they can provide early diagnosis and treatment of malaria. However, for the majority of febrile patients, VHWs lack the training, support and resources to provide further care. Consequently, treatable bacterial illnesses are missed, antibiotics are overused and poorly targeted, and patient attendance wanes along with declining malaria. This Open Letter announces the start of a new initiative, the Rural Febrile Illness (RFI) project, the first in a series of projects to be implemented as part of the South and Southeast Asian Community-based Trials Network (SEACTN) research programme. This multi-country, multi-site project will run in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Myanmar. It will define the epidemiological baseline of febrile illness in nine remote and underserved areas of Asia where malaria endemicity is declining and access to health services is limited. The RFI project aims to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes of febrile illness; understand the opportunities, barriers and appetite for adjustment of the role of VHWs to include management of non-malarial febrile illnesses; and establish a network of community healthcare providers and facilities capable of implementing interventions designed to triage, diagnose and treat patients presenting with febrile illnesses within these communities in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Chakrabarti, Rimi, Laura Chery-Karschney, John White, Anjali Mascarenhas, Kristen M. Skillman, Usheer Kanjee, Prasad H. Babar, et al. "Diverse Malaria Presentations across National Institutes of Health South Asia International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research Sites in India." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, no. 4_Suppl (October 11, 2022): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1344.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT. The Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA) International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) was established by the US National Institutes of Health (US NIH) as one of 10 malaria research centers in endemic countries. In 10 years of hospital-based and field-based work in India, the MESA-ICEMR has documented the changing epidemiology and transmission of malaria in four different parts of India. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities, in collaboration with Indian partners, are carried out in the broad thematic areas of malaria case surveillance, vector biology and transmission, antimalarial resistance, pathogenesis, and host response. The program integrates insights from surveillance and field studies with novel basic science studies. This is a two-pronged approach determining the biology behind the disease patterns seen in the field, and generating new relevant biological questions about malaria to be tested in the field. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities inform local and international stakeholders on the current status of malaria transmission in select parts of South Asia including updates on regional vectors of transmission of local parasites. The community surveys and new laboratory tools help monitor ongoing efforts to control and eliminate malaria in key regions of South Asia including the state of evolving antimalarial resistance in different parts of India, new host biomarkers of recent infection, and molecular markers of pathogenesis from uncomplicated and severe malaria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tanomsing, Naowarat, Mallika Imwong, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Kesinee Chotivanich, Sornchai Looareesuwan, Mayfong Mayxay, Christiane Dolecek, et al. "Genetic Analysis of the Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate Synthase Gene from Geographically Diverse Isolates of Plasmodium malariae." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 10 (August 6, 2007): 3523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00234-07.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Plasmodium malariae, the parasite responsible for quartan malaria, is transmitted in most areas of malaria endemicity and is associated with significant morbidity. The sequence of the gene coding for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) was obtained from field isolates of P. malariae and from the closely related simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum. The two sequences were nearly 100% homologous, adding weight to the notion that they represent genetically distinct lines of the same species. A survey of polymorphisms of the dhfr sequences in 35 isolates of P. malariae collected from five countries in Asia and Africa revealed a low number of nonsynonymous mutations in five codons. In five of the isolates collected from southeast Asia, a nonsynonymous mutation was found at one of the three positions known to be associated with antifolate resistance in other Plasmodium species. Five isolates with the wild-type DHFR could be assayed for drug susceptibility in vitro and were found to be sensitive to pyrimethamine (mean 50% inhibitory concentration, 2.24 ng/ml [95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.1]).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Singh, Balbir. "Plasmodium knowlesi: an update." Microbiology Australia 37, no. 1 (2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16014.

Full text

Abstract:

There were only four species of Plasmodium that were thought to cause malaria in humans until a large number of human infections by Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite typically found in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, were reported in 2004 in Malaysian Borneo. Since then, cases of knowlesi malaria have been reported throughout South-east Asia and also in travellers returning from the region. This article describes the molecular, entomological and epidemiological data which indicate that P. knowlesi is an ancient parasite that is primarily zoonotic, and there are three highly divergent sub-populations. It also describes the detection methods for P. knowlesi, which is morphologicaly similar to P. malariae, and the clinical features and treatment of this malaria parasite that is potentially fatal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Putri, Harlinda Widia, Herlin Fitriana Kurniawati, and Ismarwati Ismarwati. "A SCOPING REVIEW: IMPACT OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2022/vol6/iss1/390.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on world malaria reports, the most malaria cases are in the African region, followed by the Eastern Mediterranean region and Southeast Asia region. Twenty-nine countries account for global malaria cases. In the Asia-Pacific region, the rate of malaria transmission is relatively low when compared to sub-Saharan Africa, but it is basically the same as the malaria problem in Africa because the harmful effects of malaria in various regions remain the same. The process of pregnancy can aggravate malaria cases; pregnant women suffering from malaria will affect the process of pregnancy and the fetus and baby born. This Scoping Review aims to synthesize research evidence and categorize research articles on the impact of malaria on pregnant women and their babies in Asia-Pacific countries. Literature search was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart guidelines which were applied to present the article search flow. The synthesis shows 11 articles obtained from the search process. This review raises 6 themes, namely: anemia, low birth weight, premature birth, malaria in infants, placental malaria, and primigravida. The impact of malaria in pregnancy that most often occurs in pregnant women is anemia, low birth weight, premature birth, placental malaria, and malaria in infants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Maude, Richard James, Chris Erwin Gran Mercado, Jennifer Rowley, Nattwut Ekapirat, and Arjen Dondorp. "Estimating malaria disease burden in the Asia-Pacific." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 1, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15164.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The Asia-Pacific aims to eliminate malaria by 2030. Many of the 22 endemic countries have earlier targets. To track progress towards elimination and predict timelines and funding required it is essential to have an accurate picture of the true burden of malaria over time. Estimating this is a major challenge with most countries having incomplete data on numbers of cases and wide variation between health system access and performance. Regular estimates are published by the World Health Organization (WHO), but these are not split by species, can have a wide range of uncertainty, change over time and are not available for every year. Methods: For the Asia Pacific Leaders Malaria Alliance, the burden of malaria for the 22 malaria-endemic countries in the Asia-Pacific from 2000 to 2015 was estimated by combining data submitted by countries to WHO with a systematic review to estimate the proportion of cases recorded. Due to a lack of suitable data, it was only possible to apply this method to 2013-2015. A simplified method was then derived to estimate the annual burden of falciparum and vivax malaria as inputs to a mathematical model to predict the cost of elimination, which is described elsewhere. Results: The total number of estimated cases was around double the number of confirmed cases reported in the Asia Pacific with a broad range of uncertainty around these estimates due primarily to sparsity of data with which to estimate proportions of cases reported. The ranges of estimated burdens were mostly like those published for countries by WHO, with some exceptions. Conclusions: The accuracy and precision of malaria burden estimates could be greatly improved by having more regular large surveys on access to healthcare in malaria-endemic areas and making subnational data on malaria incidence and reporting completeness publicly available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Akter, Tangin. "Diagnosis of imported malaria in Japan by using microtiter plate-hybridization technique." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41, no. 2 (May 13, 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v41i2.23327.

Full text

Abstract:

In Japan, malaria has been successfully eradicated but imported malaria is still a great problem. Blood samples of malaria patients were collected from different hospitals of Japan. The samples were diagnosed by PCR based Microtiter plate-hybridization technique (MPH). The results of MPH were compared with microscopic diagnosis done at the laboratories of different hospitals. Among the total 23 blood samples examined, 19 were diagnosed as malaria parasite positive by MPH technique. The malaria parasites found were Plasmodium falciparum 7 (36.7%), Plasmodium vivax 6 (31.6%), Plasmodium ovale 1 (5.3%), Plasmodium ovale variant 3 (15.8%), Plasmodium malariae 1 (5.3%). One mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. ovale (5.3%) were also recorded. The area of acquisition of malaria was highest from Africa followed by Oceania, Asia, South America and others. This investigation indicated the MPH technique was more specific than microscopy for the diagnosis of imported malaria.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 241-246, 2013

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Castelli, Francesco, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, and Alberto Matteelli. "ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): e2012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2012.064.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria still claims a heavy toll of deaths and disabilities even at the beginning of the third millennium. The inappropriate sequential use of drug monotherapy in the past has facilitated the spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum, and to a lesser extend P. vivax, strains in most of the malaria endemic areas, rendering most anti-malarial ineffective. In the last decade, a new combination strategy based on artemisinin derivatives (ACT) has become the standard of treatment for most P. falciparum malaria infections. This strategy could prevent the selection of resistant strains by rapidly decreasing the parasitic burden (by the artemisinin derivative, mostly artesunate) and exposing the residual parasite to effective concentrations of the partner drug. The widespread use of this strategy is somehow constrained by cost and by the inappropriate use of artemisinin, with possible impact on resistance, as already sporadically observed in South East Asia. Parenteral artesunate has now become the standard of care for severe malaria, even if quinine still retains its value in case artesunate is not immediately available. The appropriateness of pre-referral use of suppository artesunate is under close monitoring, while waiting for an effective anti-malarial vaccine to be made available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Lamb, Tracey J., Douglas E. Brown, Alexandre J. Potocnik, and Jean Langhorne. "Insights into the immunopathogenesis of malaria using mouse models." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 8, no. 6 (March 23, 2006): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399406010581.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria kills approximately 1–2 million people every year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia. These deaths are at the most severe end of a scale of pathologies affecting approximately 500 million people per year. Much of the pathogenesis of malaria is caused by inappropriate or excessive immune responses mounted by the body to eliminate malaria parasites. In this review, we examine the evidence that immunopathology is responsible for malaria disease in the context of what we have learnt from animal models of malaria. In particular, we look in detail at the processes involved in endothelial cell damage leading to syndromes such as cerebral malaria, as well as generalised systemic manifestations such as anaemia, cachexia and problems with thermoregulation of the body. We also consider malaria in light of the variation of the severity of disease observed among people, and discuss the contribution from animal models to our understanding of this variation. Finally, we discuss some of the implications of immunopathology, and of host and parasite genetic variation, for the design and implementation of anti-malarial vaccines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kirby, Tony. "Arjen Dondorp—eliminating malaria in southeast Asia." Lancet Infectious Diseases 22, no. 1 (January 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00781-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Prothero, R. Mansell. "Malaria, Forests and People in Southeast Asia." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 20, no. 1 (June 1999): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Nosten, F. "Multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria in Asia." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80217-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kumar, Ashwani, Laura Chery, Chinmoy Biswas, Nagesh Dubhashi, Prafulla Dutta, Virendra Kumar Dua, Mridula Kacchap, et al. "Malaria in South Asia: Prevalence and control." Acta Tropica 121, no. 3 (March 2012): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Parry, Jane. "WHO combats counterfeit malaria drugs in Asia." BMJ 330, no. 7499 (May 5, 2005): 1044.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1044-d.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Shanks, G. Dennis, and John Boslego. "Treatment of Malaria Acquired in Southeast Asia." Military Medicine 157, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/157.1.4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jeyaprakasam, Nantha Kumar, Jonathan Wee Kent Liew, Van Lun Low, Wan-Yusoff Wan-Sulaiman, and Indra Vythilingam. "Plasmodium knowlesi infecting humans in Southeast Asia: What’s next?" PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0008900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008900.

Full text

Abstract:

Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been in the limelight since a large focus of human P. knowlesi infection was reported from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) in 2004. Although this infection is transmitted across Southeast Asia, the largest number of cases has been reported from Malaysia. The increasing number of knowlesi malaria cases has been attributed to the use of molecular tools for detection, but environmental changes including deforestation likely play a major role by increasing human exposure to vector mosquitoes, which coexist with the macaque host. In addition, with the reduction in human malaria transmission in Southeast Asia, it is possible that human populations are at a greater risk of P. knowlesi infection due to diminishing cross-species immunity. Furthermore, the possibility of increasing exposure of humans to other simian Plasmodium parasites such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui should not be ignored. We here review the current status of these parasites in humans, macaques, and mosquitoes to support necessary reorientation of malaria control and elimination in the affected areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

I.O., Beknazarov, Aramov M.X., and Loqayev D.B. "Importance, Origin And Distribution Of Local Handalak Varieties." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 06 (June 18, 2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue06-10.

Full text

Abstract:

Handalak crops have long been widely used in Central Asian folk medicine. In Central Asia, melons have been used to treat tuberculosis, bronchitis, rheumatism, gout, anemia, heart and liver diseases. In malaria, it was considered appropriate to eat soft-melon. Consumption of melons for medicinal purposes is also recommended in modern medicine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Solovev, A. I., A. N. Kovalenko, V. S. Tokmakov, and V. V. Vasilev. "Anti-epidemic protection of military from malaria in South-East Asia (for the 15th anniversary of the humanitarian operation to eliminate the consequences of the tsunami in Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50066.

Full text

Abstract:

The experience of organizing a system of anti-epidemic measures in the Russian military medical group operating on the territory of the island of Sumatra during the humanitarian operation to eliminate the effects of the tsunami in 2005 is presented. A characteristic of the consequences of a natural disaster, a climatogeographic description of the region is presented. The natural-climatic and socio-economic conditions for the spread of malaria infection in the coverage area of the Russian military medical group are analyzed. Russian military physicians acted in an equatorial climate in a zone of tropical rainforest in a highly endemic area for tropical (P. falciparum) and three-day (P. vivax) malaria, as well as for vector-borne tropical infections such as dengue fever, vuhereriosis, and brugiosis. Among the carriers of malaria parasites and other tropical infections on the territory of about. Sumatra mosquitoes Anopheles sundaicus are of the greatest epidemic importance. In 2005, their mass breeding occurred in late January - early February (1,5-2 months earlier than usual). A system of anti-malarial protection of personnel is described, aimed at reducing the risk of infection of military personnel, preventing the development of the disease and its malignant course, early detection of patients and their effective treatment. There were no cases of malaria among the Russian military personnel during their entire stay in the endemic territory. At the same time, the incidence rate among Indonesian soldiers and local residents was constantly increasing. In hospitals, the number of patients with severe forms of tropical malaria increased. Thus, the effectiveness of the developed system of anti- malarial measures among the military personnel involved in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations in the territory with a continuous season of transmission of malaria infection has been confirmed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Maskeri, Rakshita, Animesh Jain, and Sheetal D. Ullal. "Molecular markers of Chloroquine resistance in India and Southeast Asia: A narrative review." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i04.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria is a major global public health problem mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Malaria control and elimination strategies mainly rely on efficacious antimalarial drugs. At present the major hurdle faced by malaria control programs is the drug resistance to antimalarials. Molecular surveillance using genetic markers associated with resistance provides a valuable tool for detecting and tracking resistance as well as providing an in-depth understanding of the development and spread of resistance. Despite numerous published literatures there are limited review articles on molecular markers of drug resistance. Hence a review was planned. An exhaustive literature search was performed on PUBMED using “malaria”, “resistance”, “molecular”, “antimalarial”, “Chloroquine”, “Pfcrt”, “Pfmdr”, “Pvcrt”, “Pvmdr”as key words. Data pertaining to India and Southeast Asia were included. This review showed the widespread presence of molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and development of resistance in Plasmodium vivax over the years in Southeast Asia and India. This can have implications on malaria elimination and treatment guidelines in this region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Yadav, Brijesh S., Navaneet Chaturvedi, and Ninoslav Marina. "Recent Advances in System Based Study for Anti-Malarial Drug Development Process." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 31 (November 14, 2019): 3367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190902162105.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Presently, malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious disease across Africa, Asia, and America that has now started to spread in Europe. Despite large research being carried out in the field, still, there is a lack of efficient anti-malarial therapeutics. In this paper, we highlight the increasing efforts that are urgently needed towards the development and discovery of potential antimalarial drugs, which must be safe and affordable. The new drugs thus mentioned are also able to counter the spread of malaria parasites that have been resistant to the existing agents. Objective: The main objective of the review is to highlight the recent development in the use of system biologybased approaches towards the design and discovery of novel anti-malarial inhibitors. Method: A huge literature survey was performed to gain advance knowledge about the global persistence of malaria, its available treatment and shortcomings of the available inhibitors. Literature search and depth analysis were also done to gain insight into the use of system biology in drug discovery and how this approach could be utilized towards the development of the novel anti-malarial drug. Results: The system-based analysis has made easy to understand large scale sequencing data, find candidate genes expression during malaria disease progression further design of drug molecules those are complementary of the target proteins in term of shape and configuration. Conclusion: The review article focused on the recent computational advances in new generation sequencing, molecular modeling, and docking related to malaria disease and utilization of the modern system and network biology approach to antimalarial potential drug discovery and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Rahmani, Ardhi Arsala, Dewi Susanna, and Tommi Febrian. "The relationship between climate change and malaria in South-East Asia: A systematic review of the evidence." F1000Research 11 (December 22, 2022): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125294.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Climatic change is an inescapable fact that implies alterations in seasons where weather occurrences have their schedules shift from the regular and magnitudes intensify to more extreme variations over a multi-year period. Southeast Asia is one of the many regions experiencing changes in climate and concurrently still has endemicities of malaria. Given that previous studies have suggested the influence of climate on malaria’s vector the Anopheles mosquitoes and parasite the Plasmodium group, this study was conducted to review the evidence of associations made between malaria cases and climatic variables in Southeast Asia throughout a multi-year period. Methods: Our systematic literature review was informed by the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022301826 on 5th February 2022. We searched for original articles in English and Indonesian that focused on the associations between climatic variables and malaria cases. Results: The initial identification stage resulted in 535 records of possible relevance and after abstract screening and eligibility assessment we included 19 research articles for the systematic review. Based on the reviewed articles, changing temperatures, precipitation, humidity and windspeed were considered for statistical association across a multi-year period and are correlated with malaria cases in various regions throughout Southeast Asia. Conclusions: According to the review of evidence, climatic variables that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with malaria cases include temperatures, precipitation, and humidity. The strength of each climatic variable varies across studies. Our systematic review of the limited evidence indicates that further research for the Southeast Asia region remains to be explored.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Susanna, Dewi, and Dian Pratiwi. "Current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the Asian countries: a systematic review." F1000Research 10 (January 4, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.46883.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The application of insecticides for malaria vector control has led to a global problem, which is the current trend of increased resistance against these chemicals. This study aimed to review the insecticide resistance status was previously determined in Asia and how to implement the necessary interventions. Moreover, the implications of resistance in malaria vector control in this region were studied. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA-retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed in the last ten years (2009 to 2019). The searching process utilized four main combinations of the following keywords: malaria, vector control, insecticide, and Asia. In ProQuest, malaria control, as well as an insecticide, were used as keywords. The following criteria were included in the filter, namely full text, the source of each article, scholarly journal, Asia, and publication date as in the last ten years. Results: There were 1408 articles retrieved during the initial search (ProQuest=722, Science Direct=267, EBSCO=50, PubMed=285, and Scopus=84). During the screening, 27 articles were excluded because of duplication, 1361 based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, and 20 due to content differences. In the final screening process, 15 articles were chosen to be analyzed. From the 15 articles, it is known that there was organochlorine (DDT), organophosphate (malathion), and pyrethroids resistance in several Anopheles species with a less than 80% mortality rate. Conclusion: This review found multiple resistance in several Anopheles includes resistance to pyrethroid. The reports of pyrethroid resistance were quite challenging because it is considered effective in the malaria vector control. Several countries in Asia are implementing an insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy against malaria vectors following the Global Plan for IRM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Silal, Sheetal Prakash, Rima Shretta, Olivier J. Celhay, Chris Erwin Gran Mercado, Sompob Saralamba, Richard James Maude, and Lisa Jane White. "Malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific: a multi-species dynamic transmission model." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 1, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14771.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The Asia-Pacific region has made significant progress in combatting malaria since 2000 and a regional goal for a malaria-free Asia Pacific by 2030 has been recognised at the highest levels. External financing has recently plateaued and with competing health risks, countries face the risk of withdrawal of funding as malaria is perceived as less of a threat. An investment case was developed to provide economic evidence to inform policy and increase sustainable financing. Methods: A dynamic epidemiological-economic model was developed to project rates of decline to elimination by 2030 and determine the costs for elimination in the Asia-Pacific region. The compartmental model was used to capture the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria for the 22 countries in the region in a metapopulation framework. This paper presents the model development and epidemiological results of the simulation exercise. Results: The model predicted that all 22 countries could achieve Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax elimination by 2030, with the People’s Democratic Republic of China, Sri Lanka and the Republic of Korea predicted to do so without scaling up current interventions. Elimination was predicted to be possible in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Timor-Leste and Vietnam through an increase in long-lasting insecticidal nets (and/or indoor residual spraying) and health system strengthening, and in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India and Thailand with the addition of innovations in drug therapy and vector control. Elimination was predicted to occur by 2030 in all other countries only through the addition of mass drug administration to scale-up and/or innovative activities. Conclusions: This study predicts that it is possible to have a malaria-free region by 2030. When computed into benefits and costs, the investment case can be used to advocate for sustained financing to realise the goal of malaria elimination in Asia-Pacific by 2030.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Silal, Sheetal Prakash, Rima Shretta, Olivier J. Celhay, Chris Erwin Gran Mercado, Sompob Saralamba, Richard James Maude, and Lisa Jane White. "Malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific: a multi-species dynamic transmission model." Wellcome Open Research 4 (August 8, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14771.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The Asia-Pacific region has made significant progress in combatting malaria since 2000 and a regional goal for a malaria-free Asia Pacific by 2030 has been recognised at the highest levels. External financing has recently plateaued and with competing health risks, countries face the risk of withdrawal of funding as malaria is perceived as less of a threat. An investment case was developed to provide economic evidence to inform policy and increase sustainable financing. Methods: A dynamic epidemiological-economic model was developed to project rates of decline to elimination by 2030 and determine the costs for elimination in the Asia-Pacific region. The compartmental model was used to capture the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria for the 22 countries in the region in a metapopulation framework. This paper presents the model development and epidemiological results of the simulation exercise. Results: The model predicted that all 22 countries could achieve Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax elimination by 2030, with the People’s Democratic Republic of China, Sri Lanka and the Republic of Korea predicted to do so without scaling up current interventions. Elimination was predicted to be possible in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Timor-Leste and Vietnam through an increase in long-lasting insecticidal nets (and/or indoor residual spraying) and health system strengthening, and in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India and Thailand with the addition of innovations in drug therapy and vector control. Elimination was predicted to occur by 2030 in all other countries only through the addition of mass drug administration to scale-up and/or innovative activities. Conclusions: This study predicts that it is possible to have a malaria-free region by 2030. When computed into benefits and costs, the investment case can be used to advocate for sustained financing to realise the goal of malaria elimination in Asia-Pacific by 2030.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Trung, H. D., W. Van Bortel, T. Sochantha, K. Keokenchanh, N. T. Quang, L. D. Cong, and M. Coosemans. "Malaria transmission and major malaria vectors in different geographical areas of Southeast Asia." Tropical Medicine and International Health 9, no. 2 (February 2004): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01179.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Alles, H. K., K. N. Mendis, and R. Carter. "Malaria Mortality Rates in South Asia and in Africa: Implications for Malaria Control." Parasitology Today 14, no. 9 (September 1998): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(98)01296-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Rijken, Marcus J., Rose McGready, Machteld E. Boel, Rini Poespoprodjo, Neeru Singh, Din Syafruddin, Stephen Rogerson, and François Nosten. "Malaria in pregnancy in the Asia-Pacific region." Lancet Infectious Diseases 12, no. 1 (January 2012): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70315-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Tulloch, Jim, Benedict David, Robert D. Newman, and Sylvia Meek. "Artemisinin-resistant malaria in the Asia-Pacific region." Lancet 381, no. 9881 (June 2013): e16-e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61820-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Gan, Pearl. "Picturing health: making malaria visible in Asia-Pacific." Lancet 389, no. 10071 (February 2017): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30516-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Shanks, G. Dennis, and Jerome J. Karwacki. "Malaria as a Military Factor in Southeast Asia." Military Medicine 156, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/156.12.684.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Shretta, Rima, Sheetal Prakash Silal, Olivier J. Celhay, Chris Erwin Gran Mercado, Shwe Sin Kyaw, Anton Avancena, Katie Fox, et al. "Malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific: Developing an investment case." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 1, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14769.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The Asia-Pacific region has made significant progress against malaria, reducing cases and deaths by over 50% between 2010 and 2015. These gains have been facilitated in part, by strong political and financial commitment of governments and donors. However, funding gaps and persistent health system challenges threaten further progress. Achieving the regional goal of malaria elimination by 2030 will require an intensification of efforts and a plan for sustainable financing. This article presents an investment case for malaria elimination to facilitate these efforts. Methods: A transmission model was developed to project rates of decline of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria and the output was used to determine the cost of the interventions that would be needed for elimination by 2030. In total, 80 scenarios were modelled under various assumptions of resistance and intervention coverage. The mortality and morbidity averted were estimated and health benefits were monetized by calculating the averted cost to the health system, individual households, and society. The full-income approach was used to estimate the economic impact of lost productivity due to premature death and illness, and a return on investment was computed. Results: The study estimated that malaria elimination in the region by 2030 could be achieved at a cost of USD 29.02 billion (range: USD 23.65-36.23 billion) between 2017 and 2030. Elimination would save over 400,000 lives and avert 123 million malaria cases, translating to almost USD 90 billion in economic benefits. Discontinuing vector control interventions and reducing treatment coverage rates to 50% will result in an additional 845 million cases, 3.5 million deaths, and excess costs of USD 7 billion. Malaria elimination provides a 6:1 return on investment. Conclusion: This investment case provides compelling evidence for the benefits of continued prioritization of funding for malaria and can be used to develop an advocacy strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Shretta, Rima, Sheetal Prakash Silal, Olivier J. Celhay, Chris Erwin Gran Mercado, Shwe Sin Kyaw, Anton Avancena, Katie Fox, et al. "Malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific: Developing an investment case." Wellcome Open Research 4 (January 14, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14769.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The Asia-Pacific region has made significant progress against malaria, reducing cases and deaths by over 50% between 2010 and 2015. These gains have been facilitated in part, by strong political and financial commitment of governments and donors. However, funding gaps and persistent health system challenges threaten further progress. Achieving the regional goal of malaria elimination by 2030 will require an intensification of efforts and a plan for sustainable financing. This article presents an investment case for malaria elimination to facilitate these efforts. Methods: A transmission model was developed to project rates of decline of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria and the output was used to determine the cost of the interventions that would be needed for elimination by 2030. In total, 80 scenarios were modelled under various assumptions of resistance and intervention coverage. The mortality and morbidity averted were estimated and health benefits were monetized by calculating the averted cost to the health system, individual households, and society. The full-income approach was used to estimate the economic impact of lost productivity due to premature death and illness, and a return on investment was computed. Results: The study estimated that malaria elimination in the region by 2030 could be achieved at a cost of USD 29.02 billion (range: USD 23.65-36.23 billion) between 2017 and 2030. Elimination would save over 400,000 lives and avert 123 million malaria cases, translating to almost USD 90 billion in economic benefits. Discontinuing vector control interventions and reducing treatment coverage rates to 50% will result in an additional 845 million cases, 3.5 million deaths, and excess costs of USD 7 billion. Malaria elimination provides a 6:1 return on investment. Conclusion: This investment case provides compelling evidence for the benefits of continued prioritization of funding for malaria and can be used to develop an advocacy strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shin, Dong Hoon, Min Seo, Jong Ha Hong, and Eunju Lee. "Paleopathological Considerations on Malaria Infection in Korea before the 20th Century." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8516785.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history, still infects many people worldwide. Among the species of the genusPlasmodium,P. vivaxis commonly found in temperate-zone countries including South Korea. In this article, we first review the history of malarial infection in Korea by means of studies on Joseon documents and the related scientific data on the evolutionary history ofP. vivaxin Asia. According to the historical records, malarial infection was not unusual in pre-20th-century Korean society. We also found that certain behaviors of the Joseon people might have affected the host-vector-pathogen relationship, which could explain why malarial infection prevalence was so high in Korea at that time. In our review of genetic studies onP. vivax, we identified substantial geographic differentiation among continents and even between neighboring countries. Based on these, we were able to formulate a strategy for future analysis of ancientPlasmodiumstrains in Korea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Martínez-Salazar, Edgar, Alberto Tobón-Castaño, and Silvia Blair. "Natural Plasmodium knowlesi malaria infections in humans." Biomédica 32, sup1 (April 1, 2012): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i0.583.

Full text

Abstract:

El primer caso informado de transmisión natural de Plasmodium knowlesi en humanos se publicó en 1965. En el sureste de Asia la presentación atípica de casos de malaria, tanto por cambios en la distribución de las especies diagnosticadas de Plasmodium, como por su morfología, motivó diversos estudios que han confirmado la infección en humanos por este plasmodio que infecta naturalmentedistintas especies de simios, que son endémicos de las selvas de esta región.Los estudios recientes sugieren que la malaria por P. knowlesi no es una enfermedad emergente en humanos sino que no estaba siendo diagnosticada, debido a la similitud morfológica de este plasmodio con P. malariae y P. falciparum, lo cual dificulta su reconocimiento mediante examen microscópico. Actualmente, se puede confirmar el diagnóstico mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa que permite identificar cebadores específicos de P. knowlesi. La malaria por P. knowlesi ha ocasionado desenlaces fatales en humanos, lo que plantea diversos retos como la búsqueda de métodos operativos de diagnóstico para las zonas endémicas, el estudio de los vectores involucrados y la eficacia terapéutica de los medicamentos para su tratamiento. En las regiones selváticas de Suramérica se hace imperativa la vigilancia de parásitos y vectores de la malaria en simios, que potencialmente puedan ocasionar esta zoonosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Para, Suparak, Puncharee Mungkalasut, Makamas Chanda, Issarang Nuchprayoon, Srivicha Krundsood, and Chalisa Louicharoen Cheepsunthorn. "AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HEMOGLOBINOPATHY, ALPHA THALASSEMIA AND HEMOGLOBIN E ON P. VIVAX PARASITEMIA." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): e2018015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2018.015.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The protective effect of α-thalassemia, a common hematological disorder in Southeast Asia, against Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been well established. However, there are much less well understood the effect of α-thalassemia against P.vivax. Here, we aimed to investigate the proportion of α-thalassemia including the effect of α-thalassemia and HbE on the parasitemia of P.vivax in Southeast Asian malaria patients in Thailand.Methods: A total of 210 malaria patients, admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand during 2011-2012, consist of 159 Myanmeses, 13 Karens, 26 Thais, 3 Mons, 3 Laotians, and 6 Cambodians were recruited. Plasmodium spp. and parasite densities were determined. Group of deletion mutation (--SEA, -α3.7, -α4.2deletion) and substitution mutation (HbCS and HbE) were genotyped using multiplex gap-PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively.Results: In our malaria patients, 17/210 homozygous and 74/210 heterozygous -α3.7 deletion were found. Only 3/210 heterozygous -α4.2 deletion and 2/210 heterozygous--SEA deletion were detected. HbE is frequently found with 6/210 homozygote and 35/210 heterozygote. The most common thalassemia allele frequencies in Myanmar population were -α3.7 deletion (0.282), followed by HbE (0.101), HbCS (0.016), -α4.2 deletion (0.009), and --SEA deletion (0.003). Only density of P.vivax in α-thalassemia trait patients (-α3.7/-α3.7, --SEA/αα, -α3.7/-α4.2) but not in silent α-thalassemia (-α3.7/αα, -α4.2/αα, ααCS/αα) were significantly higher compared with non α-thalassemia patients (p=0.027). Density of P.falciparum significantly increased in heterozygous HbE patients (p=0.046).Conclusions: Alpha-thalassemia trait is associated with high level of P.vivax parasitemia in malaria patients in Southeast Asia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mushtaq, Mohsin Bin, Mehmood I. Qadri, and Aaliya Rashid. "Concurrent Infection with Dengue and Malaria: An Unusual Presentation." Case Reports in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/520181.

Full text

Abstract:

Dengue and malaria are both endemic in South Asia and represent a major public health burden in this region. Though there have been some case reports of concurrent infection with dengue and malaria, yet there are only few cases of such infections reported from South Asia. Here, we present a case of a young male returning from a dengue endemic area who tested positive for the virus along withPlasmodium vivaxandPlasmodium falciparum. In view of the severity of coinfection (Epelboin et al., 2012), overlapping symptoms, and a challenging obscurity of diagnosis, a multidimensional diagnostic approach is suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nakeesathit, Supatchara, Naowarat Saralamba, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Arjen Dondorp, Francois Nosten, Nicholas J. White, and Mallika Imwong. "Limited Polymorphism of the Kelch Propeller Domain in Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale Isolates from Thailand." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 7 (April 25, 2016): 4055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00138-16.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTArtemisinin resistance inPlasmodium falciparum, the agent of severe malaria, is currently a major obstacle to malaria control in Southeast Asia. A gene named “kelch13” has been associated with artemisinin resistance inP. falciparum. The orthologue of thekelchgene inP. vivaxwas identified and a small number of mutations were found in previous studies. Thekelchorthologues in the other two human malaria parasites,P. malariaeandP. ovale, have not yet been studied. Therefore, in this study, the orthologouskelchgenes ofP. malariae,P. ovale wallikeri, andP. ovale curtisiwere isolated and analyzed for the first time. The homologies of thekelchgenes ofP. malariaeandP. ovalewere 84.8% and 82.7%, respectively, compared to the gene inP. falciparum.kelchpolymorphisms were studied in 13P. malariaeand 5P. ovaleisolates from Thailand. There were 2 nonsynonymous mutations found in these samples. One mutation was P533L, which was found in 1 of 13P. malariaeisolates, and the other was K137R, found in 1 isolate ofP. ovale wallikeri(n= 4). This result needs to be considered in the context of widespread artemisinin used within the region; their functional consequences for artemisinin sensitivity inP. malariaeandP. ovalewill need to be elucidated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lee, YCA, Choon Siang Tang, Li Wei Ang, Hwi Kwang Han, Lyn James, and Kee Tai Goh. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported and Locally-acquired Malaria in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 10 (October 15, 2009): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n10p840.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine the trend of malaria, the epidemiologi-cal characteristics, the frequency of local transmission and the preventive and control measures taken. Materials and Methods: We analysed the epidemiological records of all reported malaria cases maintained by the Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, from 1983 to 2007 and the Anopheles vector surveillance data collected by the National Environment Agency during the same period. Results: The annual incidence of reported malaria ranged from 2.9 to 11.1 per 100,000 population, with a sharp decline observed after 1997. There were 38 deaths, 92.1% due to falciparum malaria and 7.9% due to vivax malaria. Of the reported cases, 91.4% to 98.3% were imported, with about 90% originating from Southeast Asia and the Indian sub-continent. Among the various population groups with imported malaria, the proportion of cases involving work permit/employment pass holders had increased, while that of local residents had decreased. Between 74.8% and 95.1% of the local residents with imported malaria did not take personal chemoprophylaxis when they travelled overseas. Despite the extremely low Anopheles vector population, a total of 29 local outbreaks involving 196 cases occurred. Most of the larger outbreaks could be traced to foreign workers with imported relapsing vivax malaria and who did not seek medical treatment early. One of the outbreaks of 3 cases in 2007 was caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, a newly recognised simian malaria which was probably acquired in a forested area where long-tail macaques had been sighted. Conclusions: Singapore remains both vulnerable and receptive to the reintroduction of malaria and a high level of vigilance should be maintained indefinitely to prevent the re-establishment of endemicity. Medical practitioners should highlight the risk of malaria to travellers visiting endemic areas and also consider the possibility of simian malaria in a patient who has no recent travel history and presenting with daily fever spikes and with malaria parasite morphologically similar to that of P. malariae. Key words: Anopheles mosquitoes, Foreign workers, Outbreaks, Simian malaria

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Maude, Richard J., A. M. Dondorp, M. A. Faiz, Emran Bin Yunus, R. Samad, Amir Hossain, and M. Ridwanur Rahman. "Malaria in southeast Bangladesh: A descriptive study." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 34, no. 3 (December 25, 2008): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v34i3.1757.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria in Asia is thought to be grossly under-reported and this is evident from previously published statistics from Bangladesh. Malaria screening data from four Upazillas was analysed alongside census data to assess the trends in malaria incidence over time and distribution of malaria by age and gender. Malaria incidence in this area has decreased by around two thirds since 2003, although control measures were not significantly increased until 2005.Â Malaria occurred in people of all ages with the highest incidence being in young adults. This is consistent with higher occupational exposure in this group. The probability of being screened for malaria decreased with age suggesting significant numbers of adults with malaria may be being missed.Keywords: Bangladesh; MalariaOnline: 29-1-2009DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v34i3.1757Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2008; 34: 87-89

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lee, Glenn KM, Kian Wee Tan, Kee Tai Goh, and Annelies Wilder-Smith. "Trends in Importation of Communicable Diseases into Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 10 (October 15, 2010): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n10p764.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Singapore is a transition country in Southeast Asia that is both vulnerable and receptive to the introduction and re-introduction of imported communicable diseases. Materials and Methods: For a 10-year period between 1998 and 2007 we studied the trend, epidemiological characteristics, proportion of imported versus local transmission of malaria, viral hepatitis (hepatitis A and E), enteric fevers (typhoid and paratyphoid), cholera, chikungunya and SARS. Results: Of a total of 4617 cases of the above selected diseases notified in Singapore, 3599 (78.0%) were imported. The majority of the imported cases originated from Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Malaria constituted the largest bulk (of which 95.9% of the 2126 reported cases were imported), followed by hepatitis A (57.1% of 1053 cases imported), typhoid (87.6% of 596 cases imported), paratyphoid (87.6% of 241 cases imported), and hepatitis E (68.8% of 231 cases imported). Furthermore, there were 14 cases of imported cholera, 6 cases of imported severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and 13 cases of imported chikungunya. Conclusion: This study underlines that diseases such as malaria, viral hepatitis and enteric fever occur in Singapore mainly because of importation. The main origin of importation was South and Southeast Asia. The proportion of imported diseases in relation to overall passenger traffic has decreased over the past 10 years. Key words: Chikungunya, Cholera, Hepatitis A and E, Imported diseases, Malaria, Paratyphoid, SARS, Singapore, Typhoid fever

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shretta, Rima, Sheetal Silal, Lisa J. White, and Richard J. Maude. "Predicting the cost of malaria elimination in the Asia-Pacific." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 24, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15166.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the past decade, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region have made significant progress towards the goal of malaria elimination by the year 2030. It is widely accepted that for the region to meet this goal, an intensification of efforts supported by sustained funding is required. However, robust estimates are needed for the optimal coverage and components of malaria elimination packages and the resources required to implement them. In this collection, a multispecies mathematical and economic modelling approach supported by the estimated burden of disease is used to make preliminary estimates for the cost of elimination and develop an evidence-based investment case for the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bamanikar, Arvind. "World Malaria Day 2015- What’s New?" Journal of Medical Research 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2015.1101.

Full text

Abstract:

World Malaria Day is observed on 25th April every year. April 25 was designated as Malaria Awareness Day in 2007 by President George W. Bush. World Malaria Day theme for 2013-14-15 is “Invest in the future. Defeat malaria”. Burden of Malaria Approximately half of the world's population is at risk of malaria. 97 countries and territories had ongoing malaria transmission in 2014. Plasmodium knowlesi – a species that causes malaria among monkeys has been detected in recent years in certain areas of South-East Asia. The new strategy, which aims to reduce malaria cases and deaths by 90% by 2030 from current levels, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May. In the last decade, only four countries have been declared malaria-free. The goal has been set up to eliminate the disease from a further 35 countries by 2030. [1]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Susanna, Dewi, and Dian Pratiwi. "Current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the Asian countries: a systematic review." F1000Research 10 (March 10, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.46883.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The application of insecticides for malaria vector control has remained a global problem, due to the current trend of increased resistance against these chemicals. This study aims to determine the insecticide-resistant status in Asia and how to implement the necessary interventions. Moreover, the implications of resistance in malaria vector control in this region were studied. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA-retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed in the last ten years (2009 to 2019). The searching process utilized four main combinations of the following keywords: malaria, vector control, insecticide, and Asia. In ProQuest, malaria control, as well as an insecticide, were used as keywords. The following criteria were included in the filter, namely full text, the source of each article, scholarly journal, Asia, and publication date as in the last ten years. Results: There were 1408 articles retrieved during the initial search (ProQuest=722, Science Direct=267, EBSCO=50, PubMed=285, and Scopus=84). During the screening, 27 articles were excluded because of duplication, 1361 based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, and 20 due to content differences. In the final screening process, 15 articles were chosen to be analyzed. From the 15 articles, it is known that there was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids resistance in several anopheles species with a mortality rate of less than 80%. Conclusions: The report on the pyrethroid resistance was complicated, since this insecticide was considered effective in malaria vector control. Therefore, several strategies were required, including the management plans in selecting insecticides, using a rotation system during interventions in the field, regular monitoring, and integrating vector control based on physics, chemistry, and biology. All of these need to be supported by cross-sector policies and cooperation in achieving the 2030 malaria-free target.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Das, Anupam, Manodeep Sen, Pranshu Pandey, Apurva Rautela, Haniya Jafar, Vikramjeet Singh, Jaya Garg, and Jyotsna Agarwal. "Imported malaria with chikungunya co-infection: A case report." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.067.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by and is associated with acute febrile episodes. The disease burden is highest in Southeast Asia. Various measures are being taken to curb the disease in different countries. Even after the introduction of various programmes there has been reports of imported malaria which has been transported from highly endemic countries to less endemic or countries not having cases of Malaria. Not only this, various other viral disease come in as coinfection with malaria which makes the situation even worse. Here we describe one such case of malaria imported from traveller from Nigeria to India who also developed coinfection with Chikungunya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Hsiang, Michelle S., Rabindra Abeyasinghe, Maxine Whittaker, and Richard GA Feachem. "Malaria elimination in Asia–Pacific: an under-told story." Lancet 375, no. 9726 (May 2010): 1586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60350-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Malaria Asia'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles