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1
Tacoli, Costanza. "Molecular and functional aspects of antimalarial drug resistance in isolates from Africa and Asia." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22036.
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Malariakontrolle ist von Resistenzen gegen Malariamedikamente wie Chloroquin (CQ) und Artemisininderivaten (ART) bedroht. Hier untersuchten wir das Ausmaß dieser Resistenzen in Fünf Feldstudien in Nigeria, Ruanda und Südwestindien unter Beurteilung der Prävalenzen Arzneimittelresistenz-assoziierter Mutation der Plasmodium-Parasiten (P. falciparum: K13, dhps, dhfr, mdr1 und P. vivax: mdr1) z.T. in Korrelation mit klinischen Patientendaten und ex-vivo Überlebensraten (ÜLR) unter Zugabe von ART.
K13 wurde in 360 zwischen 2010-2018 gesammelte ruandischen P. falciparum Isolaten genotypisiert. Erstmals fanden wir dort niedrige Frequenzen der mit ART-Resistenz assoziierten K13-Mutation. Jedoch lassen Mutation mit niedrigen ÜLR, sowie ein Isolat mit hohen ÜLR aber ohne K13-Mutation eines Patienten der die Infektion unter Therapie nicht eliminieren konnte, Fragen offen.
Ca.100 indische P. falciparum und P. vivax Isolaten aus 2015 wurden auf Mutationen in P. falciparum Markern für die Resistenz gegen Sulfadoxin-Pyrimethamin (SP) (d.h. pfdhps/pfdhfr), Artesunat (AS) (d.h. K13) und Lumefantrin (d.h. pfmdr1) sowie P. vivax Marker für CQ-Resistenz (pvmdr1) untersucht. Der Großteil der Isolate zeigt Mutationen die SP-Resistenz hervorrufen, daher könnte die Effizienz der AS+SP-Therapie begrenzen sein. Außerdem eignet sich Lumefantrin nicht als alternatives Medikament auf Grund der beobachteten Dominanz des pfmdr1-Haplotyps „NFD“. Die Abwesenheit der pvmdr1-Mutation Y976F und erfolgreiche Behandlungen zeigen, die Wirksamkeit von CQ gegen vivax Malaria im Studiengebiet.
Auch Isolate von nigerianischen Schwangeren mit asymptomatischer P. falciparum Infektion zeigten hohe Prävalenzen von pfdhfr/pfdhps Vier- und Fünffachmutanten darum ist die Wirksamkeit der präventiver Therapie Schwangerer mit SP in Nigeria ernsthaft gefährdet.
Die Daten spiegeln die Häufigkeit der Resistenzen gegen Malariamittel in diesen Gebieten wieder mit großen Unterschieden zwischen Regionen und Medikamenten.The spread of resistance to antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinins (ART) is a great threat to malaria control. Here, we investigated the extent of such resistance in Nigeria, Rwanda and south-western India. We assessed the prevalence of mutations in few Plasmodium parasites’ markers of resistance, namely P. falciparum genes K13 (ART), pfdhps/pfdhfr (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, SP) and pfmdr1 (lumefantrine) as well as P. vivax gene pvmdr1 (CQ) in 5 field studies conducted in 2010-2018, and partially correlated the results to patients’ clinical outcome. Few isolates from Rwanda, were also evaluated for their parasite ex vivo survival rates (SR) upon exposure to ART. We tracked ART resistance in Rwanda by genotyping K13 in 360 P. falciparum isolates from 2010-2018. We showed for the first time that K13 mutations associated with ART resistance are present here, thus in Africa, at a low frequency. However, mutations occurred in patients who recovered and/or had low SR. Of note, one patient with high SR but no K13 mutation was still parasitemic after ART treatment. Moreover, we assessed the presence of mutations in K13, pfdhps/pfdhfr, pfmdr1 and pvmdr1 in ca 100 P. falciparum and 100 P. vivax isolates from south-western India. Most of P. falciparum isolates carried pfdhfr/pfdhps mutations conferring SP resistance, menacing the efficacy of SP-ART treatment. Also, the high prevalence of pfmdr1 haplotype “NFD” advised against the introduction of lumefantrine. The low rates of P. vivax pvmdr1 Y976F and patients’ successful parasite clearance, indicated that CQ remains effective in the area. Finally, a high rate of pfdhfr/pfdhps quadruple and quintuple mutant was observed in Nigerian pregnant women with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection, hence the effectiveness of preventive treatment with SP in pregnancy might be threatened. The data reflected the abundance of antimalarials resistance in these areas with important differences between regions and drugs.
2
Gagnon, Alexandre Sébastien. "The relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the incidence of dengue/DHF and malaria in South America and Southeast Asia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59806.pdf.
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Schilke, Jessica L. "Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy (ACTs) Drug Resistance Trends in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates in Southeast Asia." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002858.
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龔振輝 and Chun-fai Frederick Kung. "Influx of Western media to Asia and response of Asian governments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267191.
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Ralaidovy, Ambinintsoa Haritiana. "Efficiency in health ressource allocation : three empirical studies in Eastern Sub-Sahara Africa and Southeast Asia." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD016.
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La définition des priorités en matière de santé, dans le contexte de la couverture sanitaire universelle, met l'accent sur trois valeurs : améliorer la santé de la population, garantir l'égalité d'accès aux services et la qualité de ceux-ci et éviter l'appauvrissement des usagers ou la sous-utilisation des services par ceux-ci en raison de dépenses non remboursables. L’efficience allocative peut être mesurée par rapport à l'une quelconque de ces valeurs, ou par rapport à l'ensemble, par différentes variantes de l'analyse coût-efficacité. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la « Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis », une approche normalisée développée par le programme « Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective » de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, (WHO-CHOICE), qui peut être appliquée à toutes les interventions dans différents contextes. En utilisant cette approche, notre travail de thèse fournit une estimation quantitative de l'efficience allocative des ressources pour trois groupes de problèmes de santé : les maladies transmissibles, les maladies non transmissibles, les accidents de la circulation, en mettant l'accent sur deux régions économiquement et épidémiologiquement différentes : l'Afrique subsaharienne de l’Est et l'Asie du Sud-Est. Nos objectifs étant d’éclairer les débats sur les politiques de santé, d’améliorer le corpus mondial de connaissances sur le rapport coût-efficacité de différentes interventions en fournissant davantage d’informations sur l’efficience de l’allocation de ressources pour les trois groupes de problèmes de santé précités et de contribuer aux discussions sur l’élaboration des programmes de soins de santé universelsPriority setting in health, in the context of Universal Health Coverage, emphasizes three values: improving population health, ensuring equity in access to and quality of services and avoiding impoverishment or underutilization of services as a result of out-of-pocket expenditures. Allocative efficiency can be measured with respect to any one of these values, or with respect to all together by different variants of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. In this thesis, we use the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, a standardized approach developed by the World Health Organization’s programme, ‘Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective’ (WHO-CHOICE) that can be applied to all interventions in different settings. This thesis provides a quantitative assessment of allocative efficiency within three health categories: communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and road traffic injuries, focusing on two economically and epidemiologically diverse regions: Eastern sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Our objectives are to inform health policy debates, improve the world’s body of knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of different interventions by providing more information on the allocative efficiency in those three disease groups and contribute to discussions on Universal Health Care packages
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Becková, Pavlína. "Kulturní odlišnosti v mezinárodních společnostech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10412.
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My diploma thesis is focused on the culture, interculture comminication and cultural differences, especially in south-east Asia - with focus on Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore. I made my own research on the perception of cultural differences. The target group was young people from the whole World, who are working in south-east Asia. At the end of my thesis I am combining the knowledge I got from the research and the theoretical part.
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Common, Richard K. "Public management and policy transfer in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2484/.
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Khaw, Kevin Keng Hor. "Asian values and Mahathir's leadership /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armk456.pdf.
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Jiang, Xiaofang. "Genomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of the Asian Malaria Mosquito Anopheles stephensi." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79959.
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Anopheles stephensi is a potent vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East. An. stephensi is emerging as a model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. Here we conducted a series of genomic and transcriptomic studies to improve the understanding of the biology of Anopheles stephensi and mosquito in general.
First we reported the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. This hybrid assembly method was significantly better than assemblies generated from a single data source. A total of 11,789 protein-encoding genes were annotated using a combination of homology and de novo prediction.
Secondly, we demonstrated the presence of complete dosage compensation in An. stephensi by determining that autosomal and X-linked genes have very similar levels of expression in both males and females. The uniformity of average expression levels of autosomal and X-linked genes remained when An. stephensi gene expression was normalized by that of their Ae. aegypti orthologs, strengthening the conclusion of complete dosage compensation in Anopheles.
Lastly, we investigated trans-splicing events in Anopheles stephensi. We identified six trans-splicing events and all the trans-splicing sites are conserved and present in Ae. aegypti. The proteins encoded by the trans-spliced mRNAs are also highly conserved and their orthologs are co-linearly transcribed in out-groups of family Culicidae. This finding indicates the need to preserve the intact mRNA and protein function of the broken-up genes by trans-splicing during evolution.
In summary, we presented the first genome assembly of Anopheles stephensi and studied two interesting evolution events" dosage compensation and trans-splicing - via transcriptomic analysis.Ph. D.
10
Falkenberg, Alexander Daniel. "Turnaround management in South-East Asia /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/485017857.pdf.
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Vícenecová, Romana. "Past středního příjmu v Malajsii, Indonésii a Vietnamu - příčíny a řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206792.
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Since the beginning of the millennium, Southeast Asia has become one of the fastest growing regions in the world. After recovery from the slowdown caused by the Asian financial crisis, most of them achieved significant growth and Asian miracle was created. Thanks to the liberalization of trade, export supporting policies, cheap labour and foreign investment, many of the southeast Asian countries entered the middle income countries group, which the World Bank defines with the Gross National Income per capita in the range from 1 045 USD to 12 760 USD. However, some countries in Southeast Asia are experiencing economic slowdown now and some of them fell into so called middle income trap. It is an economic phenomenon, which describes the situation when the country is no longer able to use its comparative advantages in the form of labour intensive production and its economic growth stagnates. Such economies find themselves on the edge between poor countries with cheap labour and advanced economies with high income. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to examine the topic of middle-income trap on chosen economies of Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. The thesis is focused on the evaluation of their economic situation, the depth of the middle income trap and possible solutions for each of these countries.
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Sulaiman, Raja Barizan Raja. "Studies on the early establishment of dipterocarp seedlings in a Malaysian logged hill forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21437.
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A 5.6 ha research plot in logged hill forest in central Peninsular Malaysia at Berkelah F. R., Pahang was set up to study the early establishment of dipterocarp species in the field. The site of the logged forest could be broadly grouped into three classes based on the degree of canopy opening and soil compaction: (1) categories B&A: open (25-55 % relative light intensity (RLI) as a high light level) and compacted or less compacted soil, respectively (2) category C: partial shade (8-9 % RLI as a medium) and less compacted soil, and (3) categories D&E: closed canopy (2-3 % RLI as a low light level) with high and low dipterocarp abundances, respectively. Planting trials in the field were conducted with two dipterocarp species, Hopea odorata and Dryobalanops oblongifolia. Application of Triple superphosphate (TSP), a fast-release fertiliser, (0.33 - 0.40 g per pot) in the nursery increased the P concentrations of the two dipterocarp species, Hopea odorata and Dryobalanops oblongifolia, and improved the performance of their seedlings when outplanted in the field plot. The growth of the species under high light level was greatly increased, but the concentration of foliar nutrients of the seedlings was correspondingly reduced. The order of performance in the field subplot categories was A&B>C>D&E and the order of foliar concentrations was D&E>C>A&B. The study of the effect of P fertiliser, light and types of soil on the growth was supplemented by nursery experiments using two dipterocarp species, Hopea odorata and Shorea acuminata. Soils from the plot and nursery soil as a control were used for potting the seedlings under two light levels, open (high) and shade (low). Adding P increased the infection of ectomycorrhizas (ECM) on the root tips and also increased the foliar P concentrations of Hopea odorata. Light appeared to reduce the infection of ECM. Experiments using sand cultures showed that P and Mg play an important role in influencing the growth of dipterocarp species. The growth of Hopea odorata significantly reduced when the concentrations of P was less than 2.07 mg 1.1 and when Mg was less than 3.63 mg 1-1 . The growth and the concentrations of foliar P and Mg of Hopea odorata were increased in response to an increase in external P and/or Mg supply. These results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that P and maybe Mg availabilities would limit the establishment of the dipterocarp species. Based on these results, Hopea odorata is grouped as a light demanding species, Shorea acuminata is shade tolerant and Dryobalanops oblongifolia is intermediate species. Reforestation of the logged areas by means of enrichment planting with mixed species of different ecological requirements is one possible way of reclaiming the disturbed areas. Boosting P levels prior to planting may be an effective silvicultural approach in enrichment planting.
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Tay, Frances. "Making Malaysian Chinese : war memory, histories and identities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/making-malaysian-chinese-war-memory-histories-and-identities(abc19330-315a-4602-9680-5beb74173920).html.
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This thesis proposes a new perspective on Malaysian Chinese studies by exploring issues of identity formation refracted through the lens of contestations of war memory, communal history and state-sponsored national history. In multiethnic Malaysia, despite persistent nation-building programs towards inculcating a shared Malaysian national identity, the question as to whether the Chinese are foremost Chinese or Malaysian remains at the heart of Malaysian socio-political debates. Existing scholarship on the Malaysian Chinese is often framed within post-independent development discourses, inevitably juxtaposing the Chinese minority condition against Malay political and cultural supremacy. Similarly, explorations of war memory and history echo familiar Malay-Chinese, dominant-marginalised or national-communal binary tropes. This thesis reveals that prevailing contestations of memory and history are, at their core, struggles for cultural inclusion and belonging. It further maps the overlapping intersections between individual (personal/familial), communal and official histories in the shaping of Malaysian Chinese identities. In tracing the historical trajectory of this community from migrants to its current status as ‘not-quite-citizens,’ the thesis references a longue durée perspective to expose the motif of Otherness embedded within Chinese experience. The distinctiveness of the Japanese occupation of British Malaya between 1941-1945 is prioritised as a historical watershed which compounded the Chinese as a distinct and separate Other. This historical period has also perpetuated simplifying myths of Malay collaboration and Chinese victimhood; these continue to cast their shadows over interethnic relations and influence Chinese representations of self within Malaysian society. In the interstices between Malay-centric national history and marginalised Chinese war memory lie war memory silences. These silences reveal that obfuscation of Malaysia’s wartime past is not only the purview of the state; Chinese complicity is evident in memory-work which selectively (mis)remembers, rejects and rehabilitates war memory. In excavating these silences, the hitherto unexplored issue of intergenerational memory transmission is addressed to discern how reverberations of the wartime past may colour Chinese self-image in the present. The thesis further demonstrates that the marginalisation of Chinese war memory from official historiography complicates the ongoing project of reconciling the Malaysian Chinese to a Malay-dominated nationalist dogma.
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Siska, Veronika. "Human population history and its interplay with natural selection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284164.
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The complex demographic changes that underlie the expansion of anatomically modern humans out of Africa have important consequences on the dynamics of natural selection and our ability to detect it. In this thesis, I aimed to refine our knowledge on human population history using ancient genomes, and then used a climate-informed, spatially explicit framework to explore the interplay between complex demographies and selection. I first analysed a high-coverage genome from Upper Palaeolithic Romania from ~37.8 kya, and demonstrated an early diversification of multiple lineages shortly after the out-of-Africa expansion (Chapter 2). I then investigated Late Upper Palaeolithic (~13.3ky old) and Mesolithic (~9.7 ky old) samples from the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (~13.7ky old) sample from Western Europe, and found that these two groups belong to distinct lineages that also diverged shortly after the out of Africa, ~45-60 ky ago (Chapter 3). Finally, I used East Asian samples from ~7.7ky ago to show that there has been a greater degree of genetic continuity in this region compared to Europe (Chapter 4). In the second part of my thesis, I used a climate-informed, spatially explicit demographic model that captures the out-of-Africa expansion to explore natural selection. I first investigated whether the model can represent the confounding effect of demography on selection statistics, when applied to neutral part of the genome (Chapter 5). Whilst the overlap between different selection statistics was somewhat underestimated by the model, the relationship between signals from different populations is generally well-captured. I then modelled natural selection in the same framework and investigated the spatial distribution of two genetic variants associated with a protective effect against malaria, sickle-cell anaemia and β⁰ thalassemia (Chapter 6). I found that although this model can reproduce the disjoint ranges of different variants typical of the former, it is incompatible with overlapping distributions characteristic of the latter. Furthermore, our model is compatible with the inferred single origin of sickle-cell disease in most regions, but it can not reproduce the presence of this disorder in India without long-distance migrations.
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King, Philip. "From periphery to centre shaping the history of the central peninsula /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.140808/index.html.
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Bird, Miles T. "Social Piracy in Colonial and Contemporary Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/691.
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According to the firsthand account of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, it appears that piracy in the state of British Malaya in the mid-1800s was community-driven and egalitarian, led by the interests of heroic figures like the Malayan pirate Si Rahman. These heroic figures share traits with Eric Hobsbawm’s social bandit, and in this case may be ascribed as social pirates. In contrast, late 20th-century and early 21st-century pirates in the region operate in loosely structured, hierarchical groups beholden to transnational criminal syndicates. Evidence suggests that contemporary pirates do not form the egalitarian communities of their colonial counterparts or play the role of ‘Robin Hood’ in their societies. Firsthand accounts of pirates from the modern-day pirate community on Batam Island suggest that the contemporary Southeast Asian pirate is an operative in the increasingly corporate interest of modern-day criminal organizations.
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Kasemsuvan, Sorajak. "The law of the sea and ASEAN states : maritime arrangements of ASEAN states in the Malacca Straits, Gulf of Thailand and the southern South China Sea." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320319.
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This thesis examines the arrangements and relationship amongst the member-States of ASEAN - the Association of South-east Asian Nations (though with less emphasis on Brunei, which only became the sixth and latest member of the Association upon its independence in January 1984) concerning the modern law of the sea issues that can most affect their national interests and the region directly, and which have developed particularly through the Third UN Law of the Sea Conference (UNCLOS III). Such issues are, first, the question of passage through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, which has borne considerable law of the sea significance even long before the sixteenth century. Hence, such historical background is also explored. Secondly, since the Association consists of the two largest archipelagic States - Indonesia and the Philippines, considerations are given to the emergent archipelagic State concept, as recently developed, which is proved to have profound implications to the ASEAN members. So is the new concept of exclusive economic zone - an extended jurisdictional zone for marine living and non-living resources. The application of both of the latter concepts in the region will consequently render clear beneficiary and disadvantaged States among the members of ASEAN. Search for use of resources in the sea has also led ASEAN States to series of continental shelf boundary delimitation and one joint development arrangement agreements. These are analysed in comparison with a close examination of recent State practice and international adjudication. The thesis aims ultimately to demonstrate what roles the so-called 'ASEAN spirit' have played in influencing the practice of ASEAN States, their conflict management, their co-operation and their general outlook regarding such major law of the sea issues of the region.
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吳嘉麗 and Ka-lai Carrie Ng. "The development of telecommunication markets in major Asian countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268225.
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Steigenberger, Cora. "Managing Asian diversity interkulturelle Herausforderungen in der deutsch-malaysischen Zusammenarbeit." Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995847290/04.
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Myint, San San. "Are human rights universally understood? : the notion of human rights in three Southeast Asian nations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Edwards, Jennifer L. "The Malaysian anomaly : understanding the consequences of affirmative action in the developing world /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8903.
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Heng, Derek Tiam Soon. "Economic interaction between China and the Malacca Straits region, tenth to fourteenth centuries A.D." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5611.
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There are nine chapters in the present study. Chapter one consists of the introduction. Chapters two to four contain brief surveys of the sources from which the present study draws much of its primary information. Chapter five details the changes in the administration of maritime trade in China, and the impact that it had on the role of maritime trade in the Chinese economy and on Chinese maritime trade practices. Chapter six focuses on the Malacca Straits region's maritime state-level diplomatic and trade exchanges with China, against the backdrop of changes in China's view and administration of maritime trade. Chapter seven examines the general trends that occurred in the trade in Malacca Straits region products to China. Chapter eight details the developments in the trade of key categories of Chinese products to the Malacca Straits region, and examines the changing patterns of the Chinese products trade at the regional and sub-regional levels. Chapter nine serves as the conclusion, drawing together the strands of information in the preceding chapters, and providing an overview of the changing patterns of trade between the two regions over a period of four centuries.
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au, synmul@iinet net, and Gae Synnott. "Values and identity in public relations practice in Malaysia." Murdoch University, 2001. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071003.94825.
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This is a study of values and identity within the public relations profession in Malaysia.
Although the study has a national focus, its implications are global, because its context
is created by the intersection of three current areas of debate and examination: I) the
renewed focus on Asian values which seeks to articulate Asian values as a way of
supporting Asia's pathway to modernisation; 2) the open challenge to assumptions
about the transferability of theory between countries around the world, about whether
theory can be universal or whether different theories or different versions of theories
are needed to help explain practice in different parts of the world; and 3) the reemerging
focus on values underwriting the public relations profession.
Malaysia's growing public relations profession is playing a crucial communication role
in support of the country's move towards industrialisation. In Malaysia, issues of
culture, modernisation, Westernisation, and globalisation are both real and topical.
Through the values framework, the study aims to contribute in three ways: 1) To
develop and test an alternative, but equally useful, framework and method for
comparing public relations practice between countries; 2) to investigate the influence
of specific cultural and professional variables on public relations practice in Malaysia,
to hrther understand specific variables which might lead public relations practice to
differ between countries; and 3) to contribute to the definition of Asian values by
defining one component, that is, the personal and professional values of a sample of
public relations practitioners in Malaysia.
The research was undertaken in two parts. The first, using a survey and structured
interviews, examined the influence of two cultural variables (ethnicity and gender) and
two professional variables (years of experience and work environment) on values held.
Ethnicity and years of experience led to significant differences in the values held, with
each variable influencing different value dimensions. Gender and work environment
had some influence but generally in combination with ethnicity and years of experience
respectively. The study found a distinctive U-shaped curve related to years of
experience, which means that practitioners' value priorities change as they gain more
experience in the profession. All four of the variables studied could be significant in
accounting for difference in professional practice in other countries.
The second part, using repertory grid methodology, examined values and identity. It
identified core values central to public relations practice in Malaysia, and interpreted
these core values as statements of self-identity. The nature of identity as a public
relations practitioner may also account for differences in public relations practice
between countries.
Combining both parts, the study has revealed values that underwrite public relations
practice in Malaysia, the aspects of self-identity important to the profession, and the
way in which those values and identity have been influenced by cultural and
professional factors. It therefore leads towards the development of a theoretical
foundation for "culture-specific" public relations in Malaysia.
This exploratory study has generated findings which challenge the expectations of
Schwartz and Bilsky's values theory, on which the values analysis was based.
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Prapansilp, Panote. "Molecular pathological investigation of the pathophysiology of fatal malaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e966a2f2-a37d-4586-b09e-2bb616e5dce2.
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Malaria remains one of the world's major health problems, especially in developing countries. A better understanding of the pathology and pathophysiology of severe malaria is key to develop new treatments. Different approaches have been used in malaria research including the in vitro co-culture models with endothelial cells and both murine and simian animal models. However these are open to controversy due to disagreement on their representativeness of human disease. Using human post-mortem tissue in malaria research is another important approach but is practically challenging, limiting the availability of post mortem samples from malaria patients. The work in this thesis had two main themes. First I examined the role of the endothelial signalling Angiopoetin-Tie-2 receptor pathway in malaria. Ang-2 has been shown to be a significant biomarker of severe and fatal malaria. I examined the tissue specific expression of proteins from this pathway in post-mortem brain tissues from fatal malaria cases, but found no difference between cerebral malaria and non-cerebral malaria cases. Ang-2 correlated with the severity of malaria in these patients. An attempt to examine the interaction of hypoxia and the Ang-Tie-2 pathway in vitro using a co-culture model of human brain endothelial cells was unsuccessful due to contamination of the cell line. The second part of the thesis aimed to utilise molecular pathology techniques including miRNA and whole-genome microarrays. I have shown for the first time that these can be successfully applied to human post-mortem tissue in malaria. First I used archival tissues to examine the microRNA signature in the kidney of patients with malaria associated renal failure. Second I optimised a protocol to preserve post mortem tissue for molecular pathology, from an autopsy study in Mozambique. Using the subsequent total mRNA transcriptomic data and bioinformatics analysis this work has expanded our knowledge of differential gene expression and the families of genes which are dysregulated in the brain in response to malaria infection.
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Arthur, William T. O. "The Padang, the Sahib and the Sepoy : the role of the Indian Army in Malaya, 1945 to 1946." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15f7ad03-41df-4fdb-9b50-4d3e5936aff9.
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This thesis analyses the nation-building work that the Indian Army undertook during the military administration of Malaya, 1945-6. This was a two-part process, taking in military-led relief work and a political reform scheme. Historians have conducted little work on the Indian Army’s role in the British return to empire in Malaya, thus the army’s crucial and nuanced role has been overlooked. This limits the understanding of the army’s institutional development and role in Malayan nation-building between 1945-6. This thesis redresses this. It argues that the military administration of Malaya encapsulated the culmination of wartime changes to the role of the Indian Army fighting soldier. Whereas before the war the Indian Army found it expedient to keep its soldiers isolated from current affairs, British experience during the Second World War instead suggested that soldiers educated in current affairs could be very effective. Concurrently, British military leaders began to think on the role of the Indian Army and its men after the war. They concluded that the Indian Army’s soldiers could become catalysts of national political and social development, and initially identified this as a role for the army in post-war India. Furthermore, it was felt that the Indian Army could contribute both to the Commonwealth and United Nations ideals. The return to Malaya encapsulated these changes to the conception of the Indian Army soldier and was a practical expression and measure of these. The soldiers became agents of political change, imperial re-entrenchment and administration – which this thesis terms ‘soldier-administrators’. The Indian Army, it is argued, was deployed consciously as a nation-building force, using the new thinking on the role of Indian Army soldiers. In so doing, the Indian Army partook in targeted schemes for military relief, political reform and nation-building to try to build the new Malayan nation.
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Suleman, Muhammad Tahir. "Risk Involved in International Debt Investment in Emerging Markets : A Case Study of India, Malaysia and Taiwan." Thesis, Skövde : University of Skövde. School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:31145/FULLTEXT01.
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Hu, Wanqi. "The early zygotic genes and microRNAs in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70857.
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Mosquitoes are notorious vectors for multiple diseases like malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever. To manipulate gene expression in mosquito and spread desired genes among natural population for vector control, a thorough understanding of mosquito development and gene regulation is critical. Early embryogenesis is a rapid, complex yet crucial process in the very beginning of development. Previous research in other species indicated genes transcribed that early evolved fast and played essential roles. The study of mosquito early zygotic genes (EZGs) would offer unique insights into mosquito gene evolution as well as potential targets for mosquito control. In this study, I identified 61 pure EZGs (pEZGs) in mosquito Aedes aegypti. These pEZGs were enriched in architectures adapting to the rapid embryonic cell cycles and were over represented by domains or functions related to maternal zygotic transition. Phylogenetic analysis showed that pEZGs originated mainly from duplication, retrotransposition and de novo emergence. The comparison of pEZGs in Ae. aegypti with those in Drosophila revealed an interesting evolutionary paradox where the early zygotic genes turned over fast but the regulatory motif was conserved in two species. Curiously, the motif binding protein in Drosophila (zelda) seemed unable to initiate the earliest zygotic transcription in Ae. aegypti due to late temporal expression. The regulatory motif (VBRGGTA) found in Ae. aegypti pEZGs was shown necessary and sufficient for driving early zygotic gene expression by transient reporter assays and one motif-bearing promoter was tested with success in driving gene expression as early as 2-4h after egg laying in transgenic Ae. aegypti. This was the first characterized promoter with early zygotic but no maternal expression in Ae. aegypti that can be used for future genetic studies and mosquito control strategies.
As important gene regulators, miRNAs also play essential roles in early embryogenesis. The genome-wide predictions and systematic analysis of miRNAs in Ae. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were conducted in this study. The first miRNA profiling in mosquito across all developmental stages was also performed to provide basis for future functional study. Several lineage-specific miRNAs were found highly expressed in embryos, indicating their special roles in the embryogenesis of mosquitoes.Ph. D.
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Chin, Amy Mei Yen Pulatov Bakhtier. "International differences in project planning and organizational project planning support in Sweden, Japan, Israel, and Malaysia /." Umeå : Umeå University. Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:141241/FULLTEXT01.
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Buckland-Wright, Alexandra. "Transnational retail in Southeast Asia : transformation and regulation in the national retail markets of Malaysia and Thailand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transnational-retail-in-southeast-asia-transformation-and-regulation-in-the-national-retail-markets-of-malaysia-and-thailand(75df32f3-901f-4676-9612-074368e2cc2f).html.
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This thesis examines the transformation of two Southeast Asian national retail markets altered by the entry of globalising food and general merchandise transnational retail firms. The study examines the dynamic and often contested evolution of Malaysia and Thailand’s retail systems from the 1990s to the mid-2010s and considers how domestic actors and transnational retail firms have shaped the nature and direction of market transformations. Central to this study is the examination of sector-specific regulatory frameworks devised in the early 2000s by Malaysia and Thailand’s national governments to resolve market actor disagreements arising from increased competition and supply system changes initiated by transnational retailers. The research examines the role of state institutions in mediating and guiding the course of development in Malaysia and Thailand’s respective national retail markets. This cross-national comparative study makes an original contribution to the growing economic-geographical literature on the globalisation of retailing by conceptualising national retail markets as dynamic, path-dependent and contested multi-actor sectoral systems that are continually shaped by the institutional and political landscape in which they are embedded. Key to this conceptualisation is the integration of theories explaining processes of globalisation and frameworks that identify patterns of national distinctiveness. Comparative capitalism research is integrated with relational economic geography perspectives in order to conceptualise the complex institutional settings in which national retail markets evolve and are embedded. In particular, the study mobilises the Variegated Capitalism approach to deepen understanding of the diverse causal processes driving national retail market transformation. Making use of qualitative research methods, representatives from both case country retail markets have been interviewed and various sources of documentation have been analysed in order to gain in-depth understanding of the contrasting trajectories of Malaysia and Thailand’s national retail markets. Several key insights emerge from this thesis. Firstly, addressing a current lacuna within the retail globalisation literature surrounding the long-term effects of transnational retail firm entry into national retail markets, it unveils the strategies of resistance and competition by domestic market actors and the mediation of change by national governments through the application of sectoral regulation. Secondly, it highlights the intense negotiations that occur between market actors over the rules that guide economic action in sectoral systems. By examining the formation and implementation of formal regulation this thesis uncovers how different economic actors actively produce and reproduce national retail markets. Furthermore, through the analysis of regulation a wide variety of retail system transitions are revealed. Thirdly, it introduces a heuristic and conceptual framework through which the multi-dimensional nature of retail system change can be examined and linked to the diverse cross-connective globalising processes that contribute to creating distinct national economies. In so doing, this thesis adds to the knowledge about sources of spatial variegation in contemporary capitalism.
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Jamil, Nor Aini. "Vitamin D and muscle strength in ethnic minorities visiting Scotland : and a comparison of their sunlight behaviour with residents of South East Asia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228979.
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There is a paucity of longitudinal data investigating the role of vitamin D in the maintenance of health in ethnic minority groups. Specifically, little is known about the role of vitamin D on muscle strength, how this affected by emigrating from low to high latitudes. This PhD thesis provides insight into the relationship between vitamin D status and muscle strength in healthy adults migrating from sunny climates (45°N to 45°S to the equator) to higher latitude (Aberdeen, 57°N) (first study) and also sunlight behaviours in both low and high latitudes (second study). A total of 71 people of ethnic minority aged 19-42 years took part in the first study with 56% were seen within 3 months of arriving in Aberdeen (newcomers) and the remainder having been resident for any longer period than this (residents). Participants attended visits every 3 months for 15 months. At each visit, fasted blood samples were collected for analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by dual tandem-mass spectrometry, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured using a Takei digital grip dynamometer (both arms) and a Biodex dynamometer (right knee) for isometric knee extension and isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Mean baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in the newcomers (35.2 nmol/L) than the residents (25.0 nmol/L, p<0.01). After adjusting for the season of measurement at baseline, there was a trend for higher vitamin D status only between newcomers arriving in spring (33.5 nmol/L) and residents (26.8 nmol/L, p=0.09), but not between the newcomers arriving in autumn (36.1 nmol/L) and residents in autumn (35.2 nmol/L, p=0.81). Notably, few newcomers (13%) and residents (7%) had 25OHD concentrations >50 nmol/L. There was a small seasonal variation in 25(OH)D concentration with the difference between zenith (summer/autumn) and nadir (winter/spring) was 5 nmol/L, 6 nmol/L, and 12 nmol/L among the newcomers arriving in spring, autumn and residents, respectively. There was no seasonal variation in bone turnover markers. There was a positive, albeit small, association between vitamin D and knee extensor isometric torque. Mixed modelling predicted that each 1 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D would increase peak torque by 1 Nm (p=0.04). If extrapolated to higher 25(OH)D, the change in muscle strength would be clinically meaningful. In the second study, 117 Asians in Kuala Lumpur (3°N) and 110 non-Europeans (78% Asians) in Aberdeen were recruited and monitored for one year [every 3 months for participants in Aberdeen and during Southwest monsoon (SWM; July-Sept) and Northeast monsoon (NEM; Nov-Feb) in Kuala Lumpur]. Personal sunlight exposures were assessed by polysulphone film badges and a web-based questionnaire. Asians living in their usual environment (Kuala Lumpur) had similar sunlight behaviours to Asians living in Aberdeen. Sunlight was the major source of vitamin D in Kuala Lumpur during both seasons (median % cutaneous in SWM = 61%; NEM = 59%), but only during summer in Aberdeen (52%). Dietary intakes provided the most source of vitamin D in Aberdeen during autumn (94%), winter (97%) and spring (56%). This thesis has added evidence to the current limited observations on vitamin D and muscle strength, particularly in the cohort of young adults migrating from low to high latitudes. Intervention studies are yet to be conducted with a speculation that an increase in vitamin D status may show a positive impact on muscle strength. The extent of low sunlight behaviour among healthy adults in Kuala Lumpur is of concern.
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Magarolas, i. Jordà Ramon. "Malaltia respiratòria obstructiva en els agricultors i ramaders. estudi epidemiològic i causatiu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4445.
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Tesi presentada com a compendi de quatre publicacions realitzades entre els anys 2000 i 2002. Es tracta d'un estudi multicèntric que inclou quatre països europeus, Suïssa, Alemanya, Dinamarca i Espanya. En primer lloc (en els dos primers treballs) s'ha analitzat la prevalença de malalties respiratòries obstructives així com els factors de risc ocupacionals de presentació de simptomatologia respiratòria obstructiva, en els agricultors i ramaders d'Espanya i en els agricultors dels quatre països esmentats. En segon lloc (en la tercera i quarta publicacions) l'estudi es focalitza en l'anàlisi de la prevalença d'asma ocupacional en els treballadors de l'entorn agropecuari que realitzen la seva tasca en edificis tancats, i valora els contaminants ambientals, així com la prevalença de sensibilització als diferents al·lergens del lloc de treball. Això es fa d'una banda, mitjançant un estudi realitzat en els edificis de confinament de l'aviram i d'altra banda, amb un treball dut a terme en hivernacles, que analitza aquestes variables en el col·lectiu de cultivadors de flors i plantes ornamentals.El disseny de l'estudi es de tipus transversal i es realitza mitjançant la tramesa de qüestionaris validats i mitjançant la realització de proves funcionals respiratòries i prick testos de sensibilització a diversos al·lèrgens, comuns i propis del lloc de treball.
Els resultats s'emmarquen en dues aproximacions epidemiològiques complementàries: 1) determinació de la prevalença i els factors de risc ocupacionals per a les diferents malalties respiratòries obstructives estudiades en els treballadors de l'entorn agropecuari i comparació amb els d'estudis realitzats a la població general i ja publicats a la literatura. En aquest sentit, es defineixen específicament diverses exposicions laborals, tant ramaderes com agrícoles, en les quals s'ha objectivat un risc ben clar de presentació de símptomes principalment d'asma i d'al·lèrgia nasal, però també d'expectoració crònica, de síndrome tòxica per pols orgànica i de símptomes a la feina, en especial en la producció avícola i en el cultiu de flors, i 2) determinació de la prevalença de simptomatologia respiratòria obstructiva en els treballadors dels hivernacles i en els treballadors dels edificis de confinament de l'aviram, demostrant, en certs casos, el desenvolupament d'asma ocupacional per la sensibilització als antígens del lloc de treball, la qual cosa justifica en part l'increment de la prevalença de simptomatologia respiratòria que s'observa en determinades exposicions.
En conclusió es demostra que determinades exposicions ocupacionals, tant de l'àmbit agrícola com del ramader, són responsables d'algunes de les malalties respiratòries obstructives que es manifesten en el col·lectiu de treballadors d'aquest entorn i això és atribuïble a agents presents en l'àmbit laboral. En concret, 1) en els productors d'aviram es demostra una associació clara amb la presència de símptomes d'asma (OR 2,1), però també de pràcticament tots els símptomes analitzats, 2) en el col·lectiu dels treballadors que cultiven flors s'estableix per primer cop un clar increment del risc d'asma bronquial (OR 2,1) i 3) en els treballadors d'hivernacles que conreen flors i plantes ornamentals, s'observa una prevalença del 8% d'asma ocupacional deguda a sensibilització a fongs i flors del lloc de treball.
Tesis presentada como compendio de cuatro publicaciones realizadas entre los los años 2000 y 2002. Se trata de un estudio multicéntrico que incluye cuatro paises europeos, Suiza, Alemania, Dinamarca y España. En primer lugar (en los dos primeros trabajos) se analiza la prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias obstructivas así como los factores de riesgo ocupacionales de presentación de sintomatología respiratoria obstructiva en los agricultores y ganaderos de España y en los agricultores de los cuatro paises citados. En segundo lugar (en la tercera y cuarta publicaciones) el estudio se focaliza en el análisis de la prevalencia de asma ocupacional en los trabajadores del entorno agropecuario que realizan su labor en edificios cerrados y valora los contaminantes ambientales así como la prevalencia de sensibilización a los diferentes alérgenos del lugar de trabajo. Esto se hace, por un lado, mediante un estudio realizado en los edificios de confinamiento para aves y por otro, con un trabajo llevado a cabo en invernaderos, que analiza estas variables en el colectivo de cultivadores de flores y plantas ornamentales.
El diseño del estudio es de tipo transversal y se realiza mediante el envio de cuestionarios validados y mediante la realización de pruebas funcionales respiratorias y prick test de sensibilización a diversos antígenos comunes y propios del lugar de trabajo.
Los resultados se enmarcan en dos aproximaciones epidemiológicas complementarias: 1) determinación de la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo ocupacionales para las diferentes enfermedades respiratorias obstructivas estudiadas, en los trabajadores del entorno agropecuario y comparación con los de estudios realizados en la población general y ya publicados en la literatura. En este sentido, se definen específicamente diversas exposiciones laborales, tanto ganaderas como agrícolas, en las cuales se ha objetivado un un riesgo claro de presentación de síntomas, principalmente de asma y de alergia nasal, pero también de expectoración crónica, de síndrome tóxico por polvo orgánico y de síntomas en el trabajo, en especial en la producción avícola y en el cultivo de flores, y 2) determinación de la prevalencia de sintomatología respiratoria obstructiva en los trabajadores de invernaderos y en los trabajadores de edificios de confinamiento para aves, demostrando, en ciertos casos, el desarrollo de asma ocupacional por sensibilización a los antígenos del lugar de trabajo, lo cual justifica en parte el incremento de la prevalencia de sintomatología respiratoria que se observa en determinadas exposiciones.
En conclusión se demuestra que determinadas exposiciones ocupacionales, tanto del ámbito agrícola como del ganadero, son responsables de algunas de las enfermedades respiratorias obstructivas que se manifiestan en el colectivo de trabajadores de este entorno y esto es atribuible a agentes presentes en el ámbito laboral. En concreto, 1) en los productores de aves se demuestra una asociación clara con la presencia de síntomas de asma bronquial (OR 2,1), pero también de prácticamente todos los síntomas analizados, 2) en el colectivo de trabajadores que cultivan flores se establece por vez primera un claro incremento del riesgo de asma bronquial (OR 2,1) y 3) en los trabajadores de invernaderos que cultivan flores y plantas ornamentales, se observa una prevalencia del 8% de asma ocupacional debida a sensibilización a hongos y flores del lugar de trabajo.
Thesis presented as a compendium of four publications between the years 2000 and 2002. It is a multicentre study encompassing four European countries, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark and Spain. First (in the first two papers) is the analysis of the prevalence of obstructive respiratory diseases as well as the occupational risk factors presenting obstructive respiratory symptomatology in both agricultural and livestock farmers in Spain and in agricultural workers in all four aforementioned countries. Secondly (in the third and fourth publications) the study focuses on the analysis of the prevalence of occupational asthma in workers in the farming sector who work in enclosed buildings and assesses environmental contaminants and the prevalence of sensitisation to the different allergens in the workplace. This is done, on the one hand, by means of a study carried out in poultry sheds, and on the other, with work done in greenhouses analysing these variables in the group of flower and ornamental plant growers.
This transversal study is carried out through the sending of validated questionnaires, performing pulmonary function tests and a prick test for sensitisation to several common and specific antigens found in the workplace.
The results give rise to two complementary epidemiological data sets: 1) determining the prevalence and occupational risk factors for the different obstructive respiratory diseases studied in agricultural workers compared with those of studies done on the general population that have previously been published in literature. To this end, different occupation-related exposures are defined, both for livestock and agriculture, in which a clear risk of presenting symptoms has been identified, principally asthma and nasal allergy, but also chronic phlegm, organic dust toxic syndrome, and work-related symptoms, especially in poultry production and the cultivation of flowers, and 2) determining the prevalence of obstructive respiratory symptomatology in greenhouse workers and those working in poultry sheds, in some cases showing the development of occupational asthma due to sensitisation to workplace antigens, which would partly justify the increased prevalence of respiratory symptomatology observed in certain types of exposure.
In conclusion, it is shown that certain occupational exposures, both in the agricultural and livestock sectors, are responsible for some of the obstructive respiratory diseases that are manifested in workers in these environments and may be attributed to agents that are present in the workplace. More specifically, 1) among poultry breeders, a clear association is made with the presence of bronchial asthma symptoms (OR 2,1), but also of practically all of the symptoms analysed, 2) among workers who grow flowers, for the first time a clear increase in the risk of bronchial asthma is established (OR 2,1) and 3) in greenhouse workers growing flowers and ornamental plants, a prevalence of 8% of occupational asthma is observed due to sensitisation to moulds and flowers in the workplace.
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Magcamit, Michael Intal. "Trading security : understanding East Asian security-trade linkages in the twenty-first century." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and International Relations, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10862.
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In the contemporary East Asian security context, free trade is a double-edged sword that simultaneously secures and threatens the primary security referents and interests of periphery and semi-periphery states. This thesis aims to provide a much deeper and comprehensive understanding of the linkages between security and trade by examining the experiences of smaller and weaker countries in East Asia, in particular, Taiwan, Singapore, the Philippines and Malaysia. I argue that in their quest to enhance, promote and secure their state-centric (“statist”) and/or people-centric (“humanist”) security referents, these countries have learned to re-imagine and re-invent the utility of free trade at the start of the twenty-first century. Accordingly, trade has become an integral function of national security, particularly for East Asian states that have a marginal geo-economic size and geo-political position. However, to this point very little has been done in explaining the impetus and dynamics behind these linkages based on the overarching assumption of “cohabitative security” or the view that security encompasses both statist and humanist dimensions. Furthermore, there is a dearth of comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses concerning linking efforts and strategies by the non-major powers in East Asia. This thesis attempts to address those gaps.
Using a qualitative comparative method, I analyse both statist and humanist forms of security-trade linkages. On the one hand, I examine how small East Asian countries utilise free trade to promote, enhance and secure the primary referents of their national security policies and strategies. And on the other, I investigate the roles of security issues and threats (traditional and non-traditional) in the continuing relevance and proliferation of free trade in the region. To fulfill these objectives, the thesis performs three main tasks. First, I theoretically reconfigure the security concept by amalgamating the statist and humanist dimensions of security to establish a “cohabitative security” framework that will serve as the operative definition of security for this research. Second, I empirically analyse the linkages between cohabitative security referents (statist and humanist) and various types of free trade (multilateral, minilateral and bilateral). Third, and lastly, I outline three main themes based on the findings generated from the case analyses: (i) high levels of internal and external insecurity; (ii) multidimensional and multidirectional nature of security concepts, contexts, and threats; and (iii) marginal geo-economic size and geopolitical position.
The thesis concludes by arguing that free trade is irrefutably being utilised by periphery and semi-periphery countries to promote, enhance and secure their statist and/or humanist security referents and interests. The rationales and motives behind these linkages vary significantly from one country to another. For example, in Taiwan, free trade might be viewed as a sovereignty-upgrading mechanism; in Singapore, a defence-upgrading tool; in the Philippines, a development-upgrading instrument; and in Malaysia, a diversity-upgrading apparatus. However, it is important to note that while the constructed rationales for these linkage efforts usually sound altruistic (that is, to advance national security interests) the real motives behind them are often less than benevolent (that is, to advance a regime, a party or a privileged group’s vested interests).
Furthermore, the steady proliferation of preferential bilateral and minilateral trade amid all the difficulties impeding multilateral trade at the WTO has provided small countries in East Asia a strategic platform for pursuing a broad range of security interests – altruistically or otherwise. However, considering that free trade works like a double-edged sword, I make the corollary argument that states attempting to co-habit their security interests and trade agendas are essentially “trading security”. The reason is that for every additional security that a linkage provides, a corresponding insecurity is reflected in other referents. This is clearly illustrated by the four cases examined in the study. With respect to “statist linkages”, Taiwan’s linkage efforts can lead to the island’s complete assimilation with China; while Singapore’s linkage attempts may result in the city-state’s failure to strategically balance conflicting American and Chinese interests in the region. With respect to “humanist linkages”, the Philippines’ linkage attempts have preserved uneven economic development and reinforced the oligarchic system and patronage culture; while Malaysia’s linkage efforts have perpetuated racial inequalities and further legitimised the UMNO-led Barisan Nasional.
Finally, in attempts to address both traditional and non-traditional security threats, East Asian countries (via their membership in APEC and ASEAN) have made some noteworthy progress in broadening and widening the respective agendas of these two regional organisations. Despite the limitations of their compliance mechanisms (or lack of them in some issue areas), the fact that both state and human security issues are now being openly discussed vis-à-vis free trade policies underlines the ongoing progress toward East Asian linkages.
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Hwang, Chung-Hoon. "Influences of exogenous shocks on three Asian small open economies : evidence using a structural VAR with block exogeneity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025625.
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Desponds, Serge. "Le détroit de Malacca : acteurs, espaces et enjeux." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040049.
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Depuis des siècles, le détroit de Malacca est le passage maritime (520 m de long) le plus important d’Asie, et une des voies navigables internationales les plus fréquentées (400 bateaux/jour). Lien historique entre les mondes arabo-indien et chinois, lieu privilégié d'implantation des réseaux marchands islamiques, il fut le creuset du monde malais. Bénéficiant d'une position exceptionnelle et de conditions climatiques et marines favorables, il a participé à l'essor du grand commerce maritime depuis les compagnies des Indes jusqu'aux empires coloniaux hollandais ou britanniques. Au cœur des flux d'échanges (pétrole, conteneurs, matières premières) entre pacifique nord-ouest et. . .
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Grange, Laura. "Epistasis in genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases : comparison and development of methods application to severe dengue in Asia." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077088.
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Ce travail est dédié à l'étude de l'épistasie dans la prédisposition génétique aux maladies complexes. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes dédiées à la détection de telles interactions. Le plus souvent, l'évaluation de ces méthodes utilise différentes procédures ce qui empêche la comparaison des études entre elles. Nous avons réalisé une étude comparative des performances de quelques méthodes de recherches d'interaction sur génome entier (GWIS), en particulier BOOST, MBMDR, PLINK et EPIBLASTER. Dans un deuxième projet, nous avons développé et évalué une méthode de détection de l'épistasie basée sur les odds ratio d'interaction. FORCE permet de réaliser un premier examen exhaustif des paires d'un GWIS. Pour les meilleurs candidats, une p-value exacte peut ensuite être calculée. Les performances de FORCE ont été comparées à celles de PUNK et MBMDR. Nous avons ensuite utilisé FORCE et PLINK pour analyser un jeu de données du WTCCC, concernant psoriasis. Enfin, nous avons réalisé un GWIS sur une base de données issue d'une cohorte de cas de dengue sévère et de contrôles provenant du Vietnam. Deux gènes ont été mis en évidence via leur contribution répétée à des p-values suggestives : CNTNAP5 sur le chromosome 2 en interaction avec SKAP2 sur le chromosome 7. Après enrichissement de ces deux régions par imputation, nous avons obtenu plusieurs paires satisfaisant le seuil de significativité corrigé pour un GWIS (p < ⁻¹³). L'analyse d'un jeu de données provenant d'une cohorte de cas de dengue hémorragique sévère originaires de Thaïlande, avant et après imputation, n'a pas permis la réplication du signal obtenu mais a révélé d'autres paires significatives entre CNTNAP5 et SKAP2This work is dedicated to the study of epistasis in genetic susceptibility to complex diseases. To date, there are numerous tools that rely on many different statistical methods aiming to detect such interactions. Most of the time, performance assessments are based on different procedures and are thus difficult to compare throughout all the studies. We ran a comprehensive study to compare the power and false positive performance of a selection of Genome-Wide Interaction Search (GWIS) methods, in particular BOOST, MBMDR, PLINK and EPIBLASTER. In a second project, we developed and evaluated a very simple epistasis detection method relying on interaction odds ratios. Thanks to smart algorithm coding, FORCE allows the completion of the first exhaustive screening step of a GWIS on a regular desktop in a reasonable amount of time and further significance assessment on the most relevant candidates. We compared FORCE's performances to those obtained with existing methods including MBMDR and PUNK. We then applied FORCE and PLINK on psoriasis case-control data from the WTCCC. Thirdly, we performed a GWIS on a case-control severe dengue cohort from Vietnam. Two genes repeatedly contributed to genome-wide suggestive p-values: CNTNAP5 on chromosome 2 in interaction with SKAP2 on chromosome 7. Epistasis exploration after imputation-based enrichment of there 2 regions led to GWIS significant signais of interaction between SKAP2 and CNTNAP5 (p < ⁻¹³). Analysing a Thai dengue hemorrhagic fever case-only cohort before and after imputation did not allow the replication of the signal obtained on the SNPs mentioned above but revealed significant hits involving SNPs in the same SKAP2 and CNTNAP5 genes
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Yee, Ernest. "Southeast Asian labyrinth : restrictive foreign investment regulatory policies of Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore from 1970 to 1980." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26944.
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This thesis examines the levels of restrictive foreign investment regulatory policies of Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore from 1970 to 1980. The study seeks to explain why their policies varied. It presents a descriptive comparison of each country's policies restricting foreign investment. This discussion deals with general quantitative limits on foreign ownership, restrictions on certain economic sectors, restrictions on the operations of foreign-owned corporations, and the use of government-owned corporations as instruments of control over foreign investment. Based on the comparison, the study concludes that Malaysia placed greater restrictions on foreign investment than Thailand or Singapore.
It is argued that differences in the domestic political and economic settings of Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore explain Malaysia's greater restrictiveness. The thesis examines each state's past experience with a colonial power, economic strategies of the political elites, domestic political pressures, and the presence of ethnic minorities. It also looks at such contributing factors as the size of the natural resource sector, the prevalence of industries with old technology, and the level of foreign ownership of industry in each country. This thesis concludes that Malaysia placed more restrictions than Thailand or Singapore because it had a very different domestic setting: an economically-dominant ethnic minority, domestic pressure for restrictions, and a nationalistic and interventionist economic strategy. Taken together, these differences explain Malaysia's greater restrictions on foreign investment. Of the explanatory variables, ethnic factors are the most important.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Winter, Heike. "Die Funktionsweise und das Leistungsspektrum des Verbandes Südostasiatischer Nationen (ASEAN) aufgezeigt am Wirtschaftsstandort Malaysia eine terminologische Untersuchung /." Trier : WVT, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2772016&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Winter, Heike. "Die Funktionsweise und das Leistungsspektrum des Verbandes Südostasiatischer Nationen (ASEAN) aufgezeigt am Wirtschaftsstandort Malaysia eine terminologische Untersuchung." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2772016&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Vondrák, Jiří. "Daňový systém Malajie, reformy a politicko-ekonomický vývoj v asijské oblasti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4935.
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This diploma thesis deals with the tax system of Malaysia in the political-economic context. It outlines the basic tax conditions on the territory of the Federation of Malaysia in the context of tax systems in the region. In order to give a plastic picture of the issue, the current tax conditions and ascertained data are compared, by means of charts and tables, with the countries neighboring Malaysia -- Singapore, Indonesia and Vietnam. In connection with the political-economic development also the Asian financial crisis is emphasized, which caused a drop in economic growth and a change in the existing fiscal policy. A substantial part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of the tax burden and of the tax system structure. In the conclusion, the thesis compares and evaluates the tax systems of the neighboring countries.
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PRINCE, Peter. "STRATEGIC PERCEPTIONS FROM INDONESIA, MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE 1989-1992 AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA'S SECURITY POLICIES." University of Sydney, Philosophy, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/391.
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Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore are of key strategic importance for Australia. These three nations form the geographic and arguably the political core of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The growing resilience of ASEAN over the last quarter of a century has been a major factor in Australia's secure strategic outlook. In addition, the Indonesia - Malaysia - Singapore triangle lies across the most feasible military approaches to Australia. Hence strategic cohesion in this triangle greatly reduces the prospect of any kind of military threat to Australia.
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Mohd, Ali Hamdan. "The British colonial legacy sport and politics in multi-ethnic Malaysia from 1800 to 2000 /." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org/index.cfm.
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Liew, Hui Peng. "Ethnicity and academic achievement by Malaysian eighth grade students." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06222009-100839.
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Chang, Hsin-Ning. "Unfolding Time to Configure a Collective Entity: Alternative Digital Movies as Malaysian National Cinema." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490956487498085.
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Yap, Jen Yih. "From A Capital City to A World City: Vision 2020, Multimedia Super Corridor and Kuala Lumpur." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103303810.
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Loh, Benjamin Y. "Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) in Malaysia: The Global-Local Nexus." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1375663397.
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Olsson, Therése. "Institutional Reform : The Case of Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand During the Asian Crisis." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11655.
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Mohd, Razif Nurul Huda. ""Halal" intimacy : love, marriage and polygamy in contemporary Malaysia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270549.
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This thesis illustrates how love, legality, money, sex(uality) and sin direct Malays’ marital strategies in the face of various social, moral, religious and structural pressures. Passionate love (cinta) is cherished and celebrated by Malays – that is, if it is indulged within marriage. Marriage serves as a license to engage in (otherwise illicit) sexual desires by rendering them “halal” or lawful in the eyes of Islam and Malay adat (traditions). A vigilant State-led Islamic Bureaucracy, which polices and punishes pre- or extramarital sexual liaisons between unmarried couples through strict moral surveillance, further ensures that access to physical intimacy remains a conjugal privilege. However, hindered by complex bureaucratic procedures for marriage and pressured by escalating passions, many of my Malay informants are compelled to seek cheaper, quicker, and discreet alternatives in neighboring Southern Thailand to “halal-ize” pre- or extramarital romances, resulting in secret – and legally contentious – monogamous or polygamous cross-border marriages. Cross-border marriages – specifically polygamous ones – are subsequently explored here as a careful (and often failed) negotiation between discretion and disclosure: their stability decreases with increased exposure, rendering them highly precarious. Contrary to the dominant male-centric scholarship on polygamy, this study privileges the perspectives and experiences of polygamous wives by considering how their position within the marriage informs their capacity to engage in – or conversely, disengage from – this multi-marital arrangement. Polygamy is embraced by some women as a female choice that secures access to marriage and motherhood – both crucial towards achieving Malay womanhood. For others, polygamy is hardly a “choice” at all, and they must cope with the discomforting reality in which the husband’s money, time, and attention are now “halved” between his wives. Love in polygamy is experienced in visible and measurable terms, and the husband’s unequal distribution of his emotional and economic resources create discontent among wives that may culminate in divorce, or covertly confronted through sorcery. In Malay polygamy, more therefore means less.
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Abd, Manaf Abdul Razak. "Quality of marriage among Malays." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0013.
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Existing literature and much of the research on marriage and family experiences have been largely and commonly problem-based and deficit-oriented. Even though some strength-focused approaches to the study of marriages and families have been undertaken and have gained momentum there is still much empirical work needed in order for us to understand the complexity and intricacies of what constitutes a quality marital relationship. In this qualitative research study, I analysed how quality of marriage is conceptualised and understood by Malays within a Malaysian context. I undertook the research in order to capture and understand how a cohort of Malay people understand and give meaning to the concept of 'good quality marital relationship'. Research studies on marital quality in Malay culture are very limited and numerically at least, they compare poorly to western scholarly output on this subject. Even though much contemporary marriage literature refers to the importance of gaining an appreciation of cultural issues related to marriage and family, there is a real need for more cross-cultural research. In examining Malay concepts of quality marriage I not only address a culturally-specific research need but attempt to use this to advance cultural sensitivity among relevant policy makers, practitioners, researchers and members of the public. In this research, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in the Kubang Pasu district, in Kedah, one of the northern states of Malaysia with forty-five participants across different socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds. In what is an exploratory study I adopted a combination of maximum variation and purposive sampling and utilised a grounded theory framework to underpin the analysis. The data were analysed using both rigorous manual coding and NVivo qualitative software.
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Keeley, Timothy. "Host country national managers in Japanese subsidiares in Southeast Asian countries and Austalia (Malaysia, and Singapore and Thailand)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106895/1/T%28BS%29%20214%20Host%20country%20national%20managers%20in%20Japanese%20subsidiaries%20in%20Southeast%20Asian%20countries%20and%20Australia%20%28Malaysia%20and%20Singapore%20and%20Thailand%29.pdf.
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This thesis focuses on how well host country national (HCN) managers are integrated into the management process of Japanese subsidiaries in Southeast Asia and Australia as well as in that of the parent companies themselves. It appears that in the majority of Japanese subsidiaries in Southeast Asia and Australia management control is firmly in the hands of Japanese parent company national (PCN) managers. The most important decisions are made by Japanese employees who are either working temporarily at the overseas subsidiary or at the parent company in Japan.
HCN managers play a minor role in the decision making process, their function is limited mainly the gathering of relevant information or making minor day-to-day
operational decisions. The conclusions are based on a review of the relevant literature and quantitative as well as qualitative data gathered specifically for this research. The data was gathered in two phases, one in 1994 and the other in 1996. Information was obtained from HCN and PCN managers at Japanese subsidiaries in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The research instruments included
questionnaires and in-depth interviews.
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Kimmet, Philip, and n/a. "The Politics of Good Governance in the Asean 4." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060307.141018.
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'Good governance' is an evolving and increasingly influential discursive agenda that introduces new ideas about public policy, specifically targeting managerial behaviour and promoting modern administrative strategies. Most scholars agree that as a notion, good governance combines liberal democratic principles with a 'new public management' (NPM) approach to economic policy-making. What is less clear is who the agenda actually targets. In other words, is the good governance agenda aimed at rulers in particular or the broader population? Implicit in the answer is whether good governance concepts are simply useful tools to help build political credibility, or the agents for better managerial and administrative outcomes. In countries with advanced economies, good governance is invariably used to describe corporate and public administration strategies that invoke ethically grounded 'World's best practice' standards and procedures. However, in developing economies, good governance can take on quite different, and often unintended meanings. This thesis finds that in developing countries good governance is being expressed more as a political tool than as substantive practice and policy reform. This is occurring in an increasingly 'post-Washington consensus' environment that explicitly recognises the importance of the social impact of structural adjustment programs and broader issues of human rights. And importantly as far as this thesis is concerned, during Southeast Asia's current economic recovery, good governance has taken on a whole new relevance. This analysis commences from the assumption that good governance is a discursively created phenomenon that can be understood as a complex notion with both structural and ideational elements. The term is couched in a structure that is both economically technical and socially normative. It has overlapping central tenets driven by regulation and the institutional environment, and should not be viewed as a set of constructs in isolation from the context in which it is being used. And it is based on assumptions about common sense attitudes and shared common good objectives. And as this thesis will demonstrate, good governance functions within an unpredictable and often hostile political environment in which powerful actors are learning to use this new discourse to satisfy political expediencies. Put simply, good governance is nourishing a politics of its own. The thesis uses the ASEAN 4 countries of Southeast Asia: the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, as individual and comparative case studies. The studies examine how the concept is shaping the institutional structure of these countries, and includes commentary on the role of good governance in the 2004 round of election campaigning. A genealogy of good governance will be developed in these local contexts, and more generally. This will assist in mapping the concept's evolution in relation to development trajectories and local politics. The hypothesis under examination is - that the good governance agendas in the ASEAN 4 states primarily focus on improving representative rule rather than encouraging self-regulation. Two questions in particular are asked in each of the case studies dor the purpose of testing this hypothesis. What defining features of good governance discourse have been instrumental in the emergence of the politics that surrounds the agenda, and how is the discourse used to expand or limit the democratic possibilities theoretically inherent in good governance strategies and processes? These questions are important because they're designed to bring clarity to the intent of government and the role that the governed play in states where good governance is an increasingly important political issue. Good governance is more than merely a set of prescribed policies and practices. It is an agenda that reflects a specific set of 'neoliberal' ideas, predicated upon generally unarticulated assumptions about the universality of modern administrative practices supported by normative behavioural change. And it appears to privilege specific interests with potentially unjust implications for wider social formations. This assertion pivots on the finding that in various ways good governance discourages the advancement of open politics beyond nominal democratic procedures because it is theoretically grounded on governance principles that are not easily transferred to developing countries with diverging political, cultural and historical experience. Nevertheless, the attempt is underway. Ostensibly it is taking a form that is schooling targeted populations in what is 'good' and 'bad' in the economic interest of the nation. However, these efforts don't appear to be succeeding, at least not in the way the international architects of good governance intended. This thesis finds that this 'mentality' transformation project is clearly informed by Western experience. And this informs the theoretical approach of the thesis. Specifically, a 'governmentality' framework is used, largely because it has been developed out of analyses of rationalities of government in advanced liberal societies, in which the objectives of good governance are firmly grounded. And as this expanding research program has seldom been used to study government in developing countries, this thesis also puts a case for using governmentality tools beyond the boundaries of its modern Western foundations.