Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies rares du développement'
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Masson, Aymeric. "Approches multi-omiques des anomalies transcriptionnelles dans les maladies rares du développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI006.
Full textGene expression occurs through the transcription process in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which produces RNAs, essential intermediates for protein formation. RNA synthesis and fate are controlled by a complex network of factors, among which are regulatory non-coding DNA sequences that ensure precise spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), able to bind RNA molecules and contributing to their maturation, stability, and localization.The current standard approach for molecular exploration of patients with developmental disorders (DD) and/or intellectual disabilities (ID) uses a combination of chromosomal analysis using DNA microarrays, fragile X testing, exome sequencing, and more recently, genome sequencing to establish a molecular diagnosis. These approaches yield a diagnostic yield of less than 50% for DD/ID. However, the analyses sometimes reveal the presence of variations of uncertain significance in candidate genes not yet implicated in human pathology. Functional tests are then necessary to establish a correct genotype-phenotype correlation. In this way, pathogenic variations have been identified in two candidate genes encoding hnRNPs involved in RNA metabolism: PTBP1 and PTBP2. The aim of this first study is to describe the cellular pathophysiological mechanism related to transcriptional defects causing syndromic (for PTBP1) or non-syndromic (for PTBP2) neurodevelopmental impairment using in vitro and in vivo functional molecular approaches including RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in a cohort of affected individuals.In some cases, genomic analysis identifiy complex structural variations that can disrupt the sequence of a dosage-sensitive gene, alter the activity of an enhancer, or exert position effects on gene expression by altering enhancer/target gene interactions. These molecular communications are facilitated within topological associating domains (TADs), which play an important role in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. Consequently, any structural variation that reorganizes TADs (fusion, shuffling or even new TAD) can lead to an alteration in gene expression. In this context, the goal of this second research project is to characterize, through high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), the complex rearrangements in patients reorganizing the structure of TADs. Combined with other omic techniques such as long fragment sequencing, transcriptomic or epigenomic analysis, this approach allows the study of the underlying molecular mechanisms on different cellular models derived from affected individuals.These research efforts highlight the physiopathological impact of punctual and structural genetic variations on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of target genes and pave the way for new biological hypotheses in the context of translational research in human pathology
Garret, Philippine. "Approches bioinformatiques innovantes pour l’analyse de données de séquençage à haut-débit appliquées à l’étude de pathologies génétiques rares avec anomalies du développement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK020.
Full textIn the last years, the advent of exome sequencing (ES) in diagnosis and in research led to the identification of the genetic bases of many Mendelian disorders, allowing many diagnostic wavering cases to be solved. Nevertheless, ES data analysis only leads to the identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 30 to 45 % of the undiagnosed cases. Indeed, some limits exist, both at clinical, molecular and bioinformatic levels. The constant evolution of the clinical knowledge, of the number of genes involved in human diseases, and of the clinical-biological correlations, has a significant impact on data analysis, leading to a progressive improvement in diagnostic research. Limits of the current technologies, especially not covered regions, exist, but have been significantly reduced in the recent years. Although genome sequencing will solve some undiagnosed cases, especially in case of non-coding or structural variants, there is still a lot of information to be extracted and analyzed from ES data. Finally, beyond SNV and CNV analyzes, other genetic events can be involved in rare disorders, requiring a bioinformatic development to optimize results.The aim of the project was therefore to improve bioinformatic approaches of ES data analysis in order to identify new molecular mechanisms involved in rare genetic disorders and reduce diagnostic wavering.Several strategies were established. The first one consisted in reanalysing ES data from 80 undiagnosed patients, who were sequenced by the Laboratoire CERBA (CIFRE thesis). It led to the identification of 2 new candidate genes involved in ID, especially OTUD7A gene (article 1). The second strategy was the development of a bioinformatic pipeline in order to extract mitochondrial DNA data from ES data. The mitochondrial genome is not targeted by exome capture kits but can be extracted from off-target data, giving the opportunity to analyze it from preexisting ES data. From the GAD exomes cohort of undiagnosed patients, 2 causal variations were identified in 2 individuals out of 928, affected with neuro-developmental disorder. It thus solved the diagnostic wavering in 0.2 % of patients without diagnosis (article 2). The third strategy consisted in the development of a bioinformatic pipeline to identify mobile elements insertion within ES data, with the expectation that about 0.03 % of the pathogenic variants originate from de novo mobile element insertion. From the GAD exomes cohort of 3322 undiagnosed patients, this step led to the identification of two Alu element insertions in FERMT1 and GRIN2B gene exons (article 3, in process).This PhD permitted to push out some ES limits. Other perspectives exist, and are explored by the GAD team, in connection with the European Solve-RD project
Morkmued, Supawich. "Approches cliniques, précliniques et translationnelles des anomalies bucco-dentaires associées aux maladies rares." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ040.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to investigate genetic and environmental factors, both initiating and influencing signaling centers that regulate tooth development and thus producing associated defects. Essentially, my research program utilizes patient-based rare disease phenotypes to create novel mouse models. This study also involved investigating the developmental effects of excess retinoic acid on enamel formation to gain understanding of the mechanisms by which environmental factors can alter enamel development. Other studies investigated enamel and dental anomalies in Ltbp3 and Smoc2 mutant mice. These results advance our understanding of tooth development, and may translate towards optimizing clinical diagnosis, and improving treatment strategies for several human rare diseases. An improved understanding of rare disease models and our testing of clinically relevant approaches using rodent models is a feasible approach to address bone degeneration problems
Hebrard, Maxime. "Conception et développement d’un système d’aide au diagnostic clinique et génétique des rétinopathies pigmentaires." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13519/document.
Full textDiagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa could be difficult regarding both to clinics or molecular issues. Firstly, there are rare diseases, so the prevalence of each pathology in the world population is very low. Secondly, the symptoms of diseases are very similar, so their phenotypic characterization is hard. Moreover, the eye and the visual process are complex and numerous genes' products are implicated. Although retinopathies are mainly monogenic and mendelian inherited diseases, the polymorphisms involved in these diseases are very diverse.These both observations lead us to develop two complementary methodological approaches in a view to better understand the retinopathies.The first approach aims to identify all the genes involved in the diseases using genotyping chips. For this purpose, we studied genetic linkage between single nucleotide variations and pathologies. The second approach leads to the representation of clinical knowledge. An ontological compound was built to make explicit the knowledge involved in the process of diagnosis. The data previously collected by experts were labeled by terms that were organized in a specific thesaurus. The clinic profiles of the patients and diseases were handled as features collections and were compared by similarity calculations. The goal of this work is to build a knowledge-based system for diagnosis
Baala, Lekbir. "Cartographie par autozygotie et identification de gènes de maladies rares dans la population marocaine : application aux génodermatoses et à une anomalie de développement cérébral." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N09S.
Full textRecessive autosomal diseases are a major public health problem in Morocco resulting from a high rate if consanguinity. Autozygosity mapping led to the localization and identification of the genes responsible for 3 rare diseases : anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA), and a novel described syndrome with ichthyosis and neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NISCH), and a syndrome with severe microcephaly, corpus callosum agenesis, craniostenosis and mental retardation. Our study reveals the importance of genetic analysis of rare autosomal recessive diseases in the inbred population
Jabot-Hanin, Fabienne. "Recherche des facteurs génétiques contrôlant la réponse à l’infection par Mycobacterium tuberculosis et le développement d’une tuberculose maladie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB253/document.
Full textTuberculosis remains a major public health concern, with approximately 10.4 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths due to the disease in 2015 according to WHO. While an estimated one third of the world population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, only about 10% of infected individuals go on to develop a clinical disease. Among them, half will declare the disease in the 2 years following infection, which is generally considered as primary tuberculosis. The other patients will develop the disease more distant in time of primary infection, sometimes several tens of years latter; these are classical pulmonary forms in adults. In humans, the role of genetic factors have been demonstrated in the development of active tuberculosis, in pulmonary forms as in disseminated forms in childhood, et also in the control of M.tuberculosis infection. Nevertheless, most of these genetic factors remain to identify. The first aim of my PhD was to identify genetic factors controlling in vitro interferon-gamma production phenotypes (IGRA) after exposure to M.tuberculosis in a sample of 590 subjects who were in contact with a proven tuberculous patient in Val-de-Marne, Paris suburbs, and in a second time, to try to replicate the findings in a south African familial sample where the tuberculosis is highly endemic. For this purpose, I first performed genome-wide genetic linkage analysis for several quantitative IGRA phenotypes. They led to identify 2 major loci (p<10-4) replicated in South-Africa and linked to the interferon-gamma production induced by live BCG for the first one, and for the second one, by the specific part of the ESAT6 antigen of M.tuberculosis (absent from most of environmental mycobacteria and from BCG), independently of intrinsic ability to respond to mycobacteria. The second step was an association study in the identified linkage regions. A variant associated to the specific ESAT6 phenotype was found (p<10-5), which was significantly contributing to the linkage peak (p<0.001) and previously reported as eQTL of ZXDC gene. The second objective of my PhD was the identification of rare genetic variants underlying the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in infected individuals. To this end, I compared exome data from 120 tuberculous patients and 136 infected individuals without any clinical symptoms. All of them were from Morocco. This study resulted in the lighting of BTNL2 gene, very closed to the HLA region, in which around 10% of patients had a rare loss of function variant whereas the controls didn’t have any
Bouyer, Claire. "Variabilité phénotypique du développement musculaire chez le bovin : analyse fine de la régulation du gène GDF8 codant la myostatine." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0054/document.
Full textMyostatin, a member of the TGF- β (Transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily, functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth.Since its discovery in mice in 1997, the myostatin gene has been extensively investigated considering the potential benefits of enhancing muscle growth in clinical and agricultural settings. Loss-of-function mutations which impair myostatin function or those which knockdown myostatin gene expression, result in muscle hypertrophy often referred to as ‘‘double-muscling’’ whereas myostatin overexpression induces profound muscle loss. Here, we identified an unexpected mutation in the myostatin gene that is responsible for increasing muscle mass in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle breed. In skeletal muscle, the mutant allele was highly expressed leading to an abnormal transcript with a premature termination codon and to residual levels of a correctly spliced transcript. This expression pattern, caused by a leaky intronic mutation with regard to spliceosome, could contribute to the moderate muscle hypertrophy in this cattle breed. This finding is of importance for genetic counseling for meat quantity and quality in livestock production and possibly to manipulate myostatin pre-mRNA in human muscle diseases
Diab, Farah. "Molecular causes and physiopathological consequences of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B042.
Full textHallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is an extremely rare developmental disorder characterized by premature aging, microcephaly, microphtamia, congenital cataracts, beaked nose, and proportionate short stature. Until now, the causative mutations in HSS remain unknown. My PhD work aimed to unravel novel genes in the HSS patients with unknown molecular basis. I revealed four de novo variants in the COL3A1, MYH4, SUCNR1, and UGT2B4 in one HSS patient. In another HSS patient, I detected a de novo mutation in the SCAF1 gene. Except for COL3A1, the identified genes have never been associated any developmental disorder and the variants were predicted as benign by the in silico tools. The null COL3A1 variant however seems most likely to be involved in HSS. Further investigations are required to confirm the pathogenicity of the detected variant in HSS. Recently, trio-based whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed the first candidate variants in the SMC2, SMC4, CHD6, and FAM111A genes in four unrelated HSS patients. My PhD work aimed to investigate the actual involvement of the genes in the etiology of HSS. I demonstrated that the candidate genes co-regulate at the transcriptional and protein levels. Furthermore, I established that most genes dysregulated in HSS are involved in DNA related process including sister chromosome segregation and DNA replication. My findings strongly reinforce the involvement of the genes in the disorder and point to the likelihood of HSS as a chromatin-related disease. Moreover, I revealed that telomere length attrition and impaired cellular proliferation are associated to HSS, consistently with the progeroid features present in the disorder. Altogether, my work revealed the first common features in HSS and shed light onto the pathogenic mechanisms that account for the disease
Grillo, Giacomo. "The ICF syndrome and emergent players in DNA methylation and development : when studying a rare genetic disease sheds new light on an "old" field." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC300/document.
Full textDNA methylation is an essential process for the development of mammals. Its abnormal distribution, particularly at the level of the repeated regions of the genome, is a pathological signature. The discovery of hereditary diseases affecting DNA methylation and the stability of the genome allowed a considerable progress in the identification of their actors and mechanisms. We chose to study the ICF (Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability and Facial Abnormalities) syndrome, the first genetic disorder identified with defects in the distribution of DNA methylation, linked to chromosomal instability. When I started my PhD, mutations in two genes had been described to cause the ICF syndrome: DNMT3B and ZBTB24. However, the genetic origin of a subset of ICF patients remained unknown. We identified mutations in CDCA7 and HELLS as causative of the ICF syndrome. I showed that their loss of function in somatic cells results in the loss of DNA methylation at centromeric repeats, strongly suggestive of a role DNA methylation maintenance. Hence, the study of the aetiology of a genetic disease provided new candidate “guardians” of DNA repeats and genome stability, with virtually unknown functions but with exciting potential roles in the DNA methylation machinery and in development. During my PhD, I established methylation maps in ICF patients cells to identify common and distinct targets of these factors, as well as their genomic and epigenomic characteristics. In contrast to DNMT3B mutations, those in ZBTB24, CDCA7 and HELLS affect methylation at CpG-poor regions in intergenic genomic locations and at interspersed DNA repeats, and more generally, at genomic locations with heterochromatic features. Their integrity is required for the methylated status of coding and non-coding clusters of genes, some of which are expressed in a monoallelic manner. To better characterize the role of ZBTB24 in development and DNA methylation pathways, we generated a mouse model carrying mutations in ZBTB24. We showed that ZBTB24 is essential for early development, while it seemed to be dispensable for in vitro differentiation of murine ES cells. We implicated ZBTB24 in the establishment of DNA methylation at DNA repeats, both in tandem or interspersed, in differentiating ES cells. Interestingly, ZBTB24 seems to be also implicated in the establishment of the repressive mark H3K9me3 suggesting that ZBTB24 may indirectly control DNA methylation through an interplay with histone marks. As a whole, our work sheds light on how DNA methylation and heterochromatin marks are established and maintained at unique genes and DNA repeats, and provides new actors and mechanisms to consider in studies of the maintenance of genome stability
Bolze, Alexandre. "La découverte de l’origine génétique de l’asplénie congénitale isolée chez l’homme." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T024/document.
Full textIsolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is a rare primary immunodeficiency, first described in 1956, thattypically manifests in childhood with sudden, life-threatening, invasive bacterial disease. Patients withICA do not display any other overt developmental anomalies. The genetic etiology of ICA has remainedelusive. I hypothesized that ICA results from single-gene inborn errors of spleen development. I aimedto decipher the molecular genetic basis of ICA by pursuing a genome-wide approach, based on thesequencing of the whole-exome and the detection of copy number variations in all patients of ourcohort. I found that heterozygous mutations in RPSA, ribosomal protein SA, were present in more thanhalf of ICA patients (19/33). I then showed that haploinsufficiency of RPSA led to ICA in one kindredat least. RPSA is a protein involved in pre-rRNA processing and is an integral part of the ribosome. Thechallenge is, now, to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. How does a mutation in a ubiquitousand highly expressed gene lead to a spleen specific phenotype? This discovery will set the basis for abroader understanding of the development of the spleen in humans and the function of a ribosomalprotein. This discovery will also be beneficial to the families of patients with ICA, guiding geneticcounseling. It will lead to prevention of infections in newborns with mutations in RPSA. Finally themethod we used to analyze the exomes of the ICA cohort will be useful to discover the genetic etiologyof other genetic diseases
Mazy, Benjamin. "La prise en charge de la maladie rare en cabinet de médecine générale." Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0410.
Full textTo introduce, the author defines rare disease and general medicine, then he raises the question of the roles of general practitioner, his difficulties and possible improvements in the care of rare diseases. Using a standard questionnaire, he directs 9 interviews of various professionals involved in the rare disease. He makes a qualitative analyse of each one and summarizes his results in the form of keywords. Then he regroupes the data subject by subject, releasing the most striking aspects or most frequently mentioned. The roles of general practitioner are mentioned in order of frequency: the organization of specifie local support around the patient, the orientation in care system, self-training in enconutered pathologies, communication with other actors in health, primary care, comprehensive care. . . The main obstacles to optimal care are lack of time, training and communication and the fear of mistake. The most cited way of improvement are better training dedicated to these diseases and better communication between health professionals; are also mentioned upgrading these cares who are more complex and public awareness. This thesis illustrates that the role of doctor, particularly in rare disease exceeds the simple fact of healing. This work is a collection of sbjectives intuitions relatively consensuals, which could possibly serve as a thought base about the management of rare diseases in general practice
Maghrebi, Besma. "Statut juridique du patient atteint de maladies rares." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083091.
Full textDuring the last decade both European and national authorities took in charge the issue regarding the Orphan Diseases across public health policies. These diseases are, today, subject to multiple studies and reports in the world, which demonstrate an evolution in the approach regarding these diseases. These multiple studies could be, in part, explained by the fact that the patient of these orphan diseases, in theory, would benefit of rights universally recognized as well as fundamental (pursuant to the Universal Declaration of Human Right) which must not be affected by the infrequency of their pathology. The reason of the enactment of the law issued on 04th March 2002 in France is unfortunately difficult to put in force in the situation of Orphan Diseases patients insofar as the law does not benefit to them (e. G : obligation regarding the information and access to this information for patients who suffered Orphan Diseases). The aim of the law dated 04th March 2002 is to set up a "Sanitary Democracy" in order to advance the patient as "decision-maker" regarding its care. However, this kind of patients, before being the "decision-maker" cannot benefit the provisions of this law regarding notably the friendly care. Nevertheless pursuant to the provisions of the article L. 1110-1 of the Health Public Code (Code de la Santé Publique), the Orphan Disease patient as legal person can benefit Fundamental Rights as well as other none Orphan Disease Persons in their treatment given by the Public Health Authorities regaring all the rights linked to this relation : for example, the right to dignity, the right to the nondiscrimination promotion principle regarding the access to the treatment and cares, the right to the professional secrecy, the right to access to "quality cares" as well as the right to the respect for the patients in the process concerning both the evaluation and accreditation of the health institutions
Dariel, Anne. "Caractérisation du système nerveux entérique et de la barrière épithéliale intestinale dans la maladie de Hirschsprung : source de biomarqueurs prédictifs de complications ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1020.
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Chouery, Khoury Eliane. "Localisation et identification de gènes impliqués dans des maladies neurologiques rares." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0013.
Full textAutosomal recessive diseases incidence is high in Lebanon and Syria, resulting from the high rate of marriages between related, that can reach 33%. Three consanguineous families suffering from neurological diseases were studied. The first one affected with early-onset dementia, the second with dystonia and the third with leukodystrophy and oligodontia. Genes responsible for these pathologies have been mapped, using identity by descent and DNA pooling strategy, as they are both particularly suited to mapping studies in consanguineous families. Three new loci were identified: at 6p22. 2-p12. 1 for dementia, at 20p11. 22-q13. 12 for dystonia, and at 10q22. 1-q22. 3 for leukodystrophy and oligodontia. For each locus, candidate genes were screened for mutations in their coding region. The gene TREM2 was identified as the mutated gene responsible for isolated dementia. Identification of the mutated genes responsible for the two other diseases is still in progress
Nabarette, Hervé. "L' infomédiation en santé : l'exemple d'Orphanet dans les maladies rares." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010033.
Full textAknine, Delhia, and Philippe Zobel. "Droit et éthique dans le contexte particulier des maladies rares." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083569.
Full textRare diseases are most often chronic, debilitating or lethal, which constitute a major challenge to public health. According to the WHO, there are 7000 worldwide. Epidemiologically, a disease is said to be « rare » if less than one person in 2000 is affected according to the european threshold. A definition must be constructed by the jurists. In addition to medical and legal particularities, rare diseases are characterized by therapeutic impasse, insufficient Research or the lack of social recognition by the Government, public Health and the medical profession. In this particular context, they often lead to improper medical orientation, diagnosis, therapeutic management on the long term as well as social response. Thus, it is mportant to improve the legislation in the various areas of concern and unify the rights applicable to rare diseases. Promoting Research together with better training of health professionnals are essential
Nambot, Sophie. "Exploration pangénomique des anomalies du développement de causes rares." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCI012.
Full textTitle : Genome-wide exploration of congenital anomalies of rare causesKey words : congenital anomalies, exome sequencing, data-sharing, reverse phenotypingCongenital anomalies are a group of diseases that are both clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. They include more than 3,000 monogenic diseases, but only a third of them have a known molecular cause. Although advances in sequencing techniques have identified hundreds of new genes in recent years, many patients remain undiagnosed. The vast genetic heterogeneity of these conditions challenges the conventional diagnostic approach that typically includes clinical expertise, a pan-genomic microarray study and/or targeted analysis of known genes and, recently, exome sequencing targeting the genes already associated with human disease. Until genome sequencing becomes more affordable and the interpretation of its data for diagnostic use is better perceived, we have chosen to explore new strategies to optimize the identification of new molecular bases through exome sequencing.The first article aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of annual reanalysis of negative exome sequencing data in a diagnostic setting. Patients eligible for the study had developmental anomalies, but no molecular cause was established after a standard diagnostic procedure including DNA chromosome analysis and diagnostic exome analysis. This first study yielded a significant number of additional diagnoses, but also identified candidate variants for which we used international data-sharing and reverse phenotyping to establish cohorts of genotypic and/or phenotypic replication and genotype-phenotype correlations. These strategies allowed us to meet the ACMG criteria necessary to establish the pathogenicity of these variants.With this experience, and because we wished to go further in identifying new molecular bases for our patients, we continued the reanalysis project within a research framework. This was the focus of the second article of this thesis. The reanalysis project led to the identification of 17 new genes associated with congenital anomalies. Data-sharing has led to the development of numerous international collaborations and functional studies carried out by specialized teams.The third article illustrated the application of these tools in a syndromic form of ultra-rare intellectual disability. Following a considerable collaborative effort, we were able to accurately describe the phenotype of 25 unreported patients in the literature with pathogenic variants in the TBR1 gene, a candidate gene in autism spectrum disorders associated to intellectual disability.These various studies demonstrate how innovative strategies can be effective for identifying new molecular bases in patients with congenital anomalies. These strategies include exome data reanalysis, reverse phenotyping, and international data-sharing. For patients and their families, knowing the molecular basis of the disease makes it possible to understand the origin of the condition and to put an end to diagnostic wandering. In addition, they are able to learn more about the prognosis and developmental progression, and they can obtain appropriate care management. This information is also essential for reliable genetic counseling, and may offer the possibility of prenatal or even pre-implantation diagnosis. These new diagnoses also give geneticists a chance to understand new physiopathological processes, to develop new diagnostic tests and even to discover new therapeutic targets
Correard, Solenne. "Analyses génétiques et génomiques de maladies neurologiques chez le chien comme modèle de maladies rares humaines." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B028/document.
Full textThe identification of genetic mutations involved in rare diseases is a prerequisite for a better understanding, therapies and care to patients. To this aim, animal models declaring spontaneous diseases, homologous to human diseases are very promising. Dogs spontaneously develop genetic diseases, rare in humans, but frequent in some dog breeds, which simplifies the genetic analyzes. My thesis focused on two neurological diseases: epilepsy and neuropathy. For epilepsy, the goal was to identify genetic variants from genotyping data and sequencing of whole genome of dogs from two predisposed breeds. A disease-related locus has been identified in one breed and candidate point mutations and structural variants were identified in the two breeds and are being validated by targeted sequencing. For neuropathy, the team previously identified a mutation upstream of the GDNF gene, responsible for sensory neuropathy in hunting dogs. I participated to the functional validation of this mutation. In addition, GDNF being an excellent candidate gene for human neuropathies, I sequenced this gene in 111 patients and extracted GDNF variants from a database of exomes and genomes from more than 600 patients. I identified 21 rare or unknown variants and prioritized them according to their in silico predicted impacts. These two projects, combining genetics, genomics and functional analyses, in humans and dogs, show the dog's potential for identifying candidate genes in rare and / or complex diseases in humans
Huyard, Caroline. "Rendre le rare commun : expériences de maladies rares et construction d'une action collective." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0018.
Full textThis thesis is a comparative study of six ‘rare disorders’ aiming at providing a coherent frame of analysis for this category. The first part presents the history of connections rare disorders had with medical organisation since 1950. At first well integrated, they became a problem in the United-States during the 1960s. The attempts to reorganise the division of medical labour then framed the regulatory dimension. The second part addresses the experience of these disorders and collective action in a context of rarity. I explore what “being rare” means, which leads me to distinguish two types of rarity, an “objective” and a “subjective” one, the latest being a stake in collective action. The inquiry describes a model of association characteristic for rare disorders. Collective action at the inter-associative level shows how long-term coalitions challenge these small groups
Monpezat, Arnaud. "Développement d’un procédé compact pour le traitement des gaz rares." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1171.
Full textIn the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) is developing systems to detect nuclear tests based on the xenon radioactive isotopes measurement, such as the Système de Prélèvement d’Air en Ligne avec l’Analyse des radioXénons. Adsorption is a suitable process for this type of application but requires the use of high performance adsorbent materials to trap and separate the rare gases of interest present in the air in trace amounts.In the first instance, this PhD thesis has set a methodological framework to compare the adsorbent materials available to separate xenon at low partial pressures and to select the Ag@ZSM-5 zeolite. Numerous techniques ranging from transmission electron microscopy to ab initio calculation have been employed to study the aging of this material under process conditions, related to the thermal elution steps and environmental conditions. The knowledge of the material has been deepened by studying the influence of zeolite support on the formation and stability of metal particles, as well as the interaction between nanoparticles and xenon. Finally, the Ag@ZSM-5 zeolite was applied in an automated pilot. This compact process for the separation of noble gases based only on adsorption steps shows encouraging performances and allow considering the use of this material in various applications, ranging from decontamination of air polluted by radon to the industrial production of xenon
Désir, Julie. "Etude génétique de maladies rares chez des patients issus de mariages consanguins." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210351.
Full textNous avons recruté dans ce travail des cas familiaux ou sporadiques de six maladies autosomiques récessives rares de gène inconnu.
La stratégie de cartographie par homozygotie nous a permis de mettre en évidence de nouveaux loci morbides dans quatre de ces maladies (épilepsie myoclonique progressive EPM3 ;syndrome marfanoïde avec microsphérophakie ;atrophie optique isolée ;et syndrome de microcéphalie et diabète précoce) ou de réduire la taille de loci déjà connus (microcéphalies primaires MCPH2 et MCPH4 ;et syndrome de Harboyan CDPD1). Nous avons pu caractériser de nouvelles mutations dans les gènes déjà connus ASPM (microcéphalie primaire MCPH5) et SLC4A11 (syndrome de Harboyan) et corréler celles-ci aux données cliniques. Enfin nous avons identifié les gènes KCTD7 et LTBP2 comme responsables respectivement des maladies EPM3 et syndrome marfanoïde avec microsphérophakie, en y découvrant des mutations chez les malades.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Puma, Angela. "Modèles cellulaires pour l'étude des mécanismes sous jacents aux maladies neuromusculaires rares." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6009.
Full textThe initial thesis project aimed at modelling in vitro the different phenotypes of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) using neuronal cells (motor neurons and sensory neurons) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The objective was to find the link between SMN1 protein deficiency and motor neuron hyperexcitability in order to better understand the role of Na channels in the pathophysiology of the disease. We carried out this project using a clinical network that permitted the collection of biopsies from patients with SMA type I-II-III. Our research team was able to generate and characterize neuronal cells (motor neurons and sensory neurons) from iPS cells derived from patient biopsies. To do this, a fibroblast culture was obtained from three biopsies obtained respectively from patients with SMA type I-II-III and two healthy controls. Using a Sendai virus transduction strategy, carrying the four reprogramming factors, we obtained several SMA-I, SMA-II and SMA-III iPSC clones. We thus differentiated our iPSC into neuronal cells. The iPSCs were first treated to form embryoid bodies, and we used a defined commercial medium (Stem cell Technology, France) to obtain neuronal-like cells. The iPSC underwent the treatment successfully, going from induction, differentiation to maturation. FACS analyses and imaging allowed us to perform morphological studies of the obtained neuronal cells.At the same time, we conducted a parallel study on another in vitro disease model, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in its severe form. This is a genetic neuropathy with classic sensory-motor involvement. We obtained fibroblasts from a patient carrying a genetic mutation on the MFN2 gene described as probably pathogenic. This is the Met234Ile variant, in the heterozygous state inherited from her mother. She also has a variant of uncertain significance (Thr36Ala) in the PMP22 gene inherited from her father. The proband has a severe sensory-motor neuropathy with early onset. On clinical examination, the mother has discrete distal muscle atrophy of the lower limbs. The father had a normal clinical examination. The electroneuromyography was normal for both parents.To show the pathogenicity of the MFN2 mutation, we characterized the structure, respiration, ATP content, bioelectrical characteristics and functions of mitochondria in primary cultured fibroblasts obtained from the patient and her parents. Under normal culture conditions, the cells did not show any abnormalities, except for a decrease in membrane potential. Under oxidative stress conditions, ATP production was reduced and the patients' cells showed a decrease in mitochondrial fusion.The alteration of the mitochondrial network only when the cells are forced to work aerobically is indicative of the fragility of the mitochondria, which are not able to meet the metabolic needs of the neurons. Fibroblasts derived from both asymptomatic parents showed no change. We hypothesize that the PMP22 mutation may promote mitochondrial dysfunction as myelin plays a role in mitochondrial dynamics. Of course, we cannot exclude that other epigenetic factors may promote the clinical manifestation of the disease. In any case, our results support the pathogenic role of this new mutation in the MFN2 gene
Rai, Ghadi C. "Système de connaissance expert dédié à la recherche translationnelle dans les maladies rares." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5057/document.
Full textAbout 6,000 to 8,000 distinct rare diseases exist today and are estimated to affect 6-8% of the world population. The vast majority of them are genetic and for most of them there is no cure. The genomic revolution has increased the hope of specific treatments based on the gene for many diseases. New technologies have emerged, changing drastically data scale produced in biomedical research. In these conditions, treatment and analysis of data are far from trivial and mere routine, despite spectacular advances in computer technology.This thesis reports the creation of bioinformatics systems, capable of helping researchers and clinicians to identify mutations responsible for certain diseases and to develop new therapies. Thus, the Human Splicing Finder and UMD-Predictor systems predict the effect of a mutation on splicing and protein, respectively. Both bioinformatics systems have been validated through high quality reference datasets, and may help clinicians to properly annotate variations of unknown significance. In addition, this thesis offers two new systems for therapeutic purposes: the Skip-E system identifies optimal candidates AONs for exon skipping therapies, and NR-Analyser, a system that predicts premature termination codons potentially candidates to nonsense readthrough therapies.These different systems are part of a larger project dedicated to translational research. With its predictive and therapeutic aspects, this thesis is part of a research strategy matching with the objectives of the IRDiRC (International Rare Diseases Research Consortium)
Guimier, Anne. "Identification des bases moléculaires et étude physiopathologique de maladies cardiaques rares en pédiatrie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB241.
Full textRare diseases are defined in Europe by a prevalence of less than 1/2,000 individuals and represent more than 7,000 different diseases of which 80% are genetic. Most have a paediatric onset. My project involved the study of rare cardiac disorders in familial cases with recurrence in siblings, focusing on congenital heart disease in the context of heterotaxia (laterality defects) and sudden unexpected death due to cardiac arrest in infancy and the neonatal period. Whole exome sequencing was used as a tool for disease gene discovery in these families with the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance. This strategy led to the identification of 3 novel disease genes. I performed functional validation for two of these genes in different models, confirming their involvement in each disease. 1) Loss of function of MMP21 and cardiac malformations due to left-right patterning defects during embryonic development. MMP21 encodes a metallopeptidase for which I demonstrated a highly specialized role in the generation of left-right asymmetry at the node using zebrafish. This gives new insight into the molecular mechanisms at the origin of left-right asymmetry in vertebrates. Interestingly, all mammals have a left-sided heart, but some species have lost the Mmp21 gene, indicating that there are different pathways leading to left-right determination in vertebrates. 2) Hypomorphic mutations in PPA2 cause sudden cardiac arrest in infants. PPA2 is a nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial pyrophosphatase and using a yeast model we showed that this enzyme is essential for the mitochondrial energy transducing system and biogenesis. I described a novel clinical spectrum for a mitochondrial disease responsible for unexpected cardiac arrest in infancy. 3) PLCD3 loss of function and fatal cardiomyopathy by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis in neonates. Exome sequencing in one familial case with 2 siblings presenting fatal cardiomyopathy led to the identification of compound heterozygous mutations in PLCD3, a gene previously implicated in a similar pathology in a mouse model. Identification of further cases with mutations in this gene will be needed in order to confirm the role of PLCD3 in the disease. In total, these studies are crucial from a clinical point of view for the genetic counseling of the affected families and they contribute to the elucidation of biological mechanisms of embryonic development and left-right determination (MMP21), mitochondrial function (PPA2) and post-natal cardiomyocyte survival (PLCD3)
Albuisson, Juliette. "Application des stratégies combinées utilisant le séquençage d'exome dans les maladies vasculaires rares." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB119/document.
Full textIdentifying genes of Mendelian disorders has started within the eighties. The pace of new genes discovery has been dramatically accelerated by the availability of the human genome sequence in the 2000s, and the next-generation sequencing technologies in the 2010s. However, a majority of the elucidated conditions so far correspond to relatively simplified situations, where the prevalence and the penetrance of the condition are high and the genetic heterogeneity is low. Nowadays, geneticists meet more and more situations where gene identification in unknown disorders can be tricky. Heritable conditions that are very rare, heterogenous or with imperfect Mendelian transmission can only be elucidated using large cohorts of patients, with a very well-characterized phenotype. This requires clinical, financial and logistical efforts to be made by the research teams. Generally, using exome sequencing alone is not efficient enough to elucidate these types of conditions. The power of recently developed strategies comes from its association with other genetic analysis tools, that have been specifically developed in the context of rare, heterogenous, or polygenic disorders. I employed exome sequencing in the identification of cardiovascular genetic conditions, using three different strategies. In the first condition, called hereditary xerocytosis, using linkage analysis together with exome sequencing of distant relatives was successful in identifying the causative gene. This was made possible by the identification of a reliable endophenotype, and the relative genetic homogeneity of the disorder. The second condition I studied is the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a common disorder with a strong hereditary component and rare situations of fully penetrant, dominant inheritance. I combined exome sequencing in a family with dominant inheritance with rare variants analysis of the candidate gene in a large cohort of sporadic AAA. This analysis is more complex and can be hazardous in the context of a candidate gene approach. The third strategy was developed for the study of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) which is a very heterogenous condition with low penetrance and no specific endophenotype. I combined exome sequencing in a group of 30 cases and relatives with filtering strategies for any type of Mendelian inheritance. I also used available bioinformatics tools and databases for refining the candidate genes filtering. This strategy provided promising results, probably due to the genetic characteristics of this condition. In each of these examples, I adapted the analysis strategy to the peculiarities of the disorder. The results presented here enable to evaluate the efficiency of combined approaches using exome sequencing. Their specificities, limits, and the optimization that need to be done to elucidate the remaining unsolved genetic conditions are discussed
Olivier-Faivre, Laurence. "Etude clinique et cartographie génétique des dysplasies microméliques rares avec petite taille." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N120.
Full textBone dysplasias with short stature and micromelia correspond to a large group of diseases, often rare, not well-defined and without known molecular bases. The first goal of this work was to give a better definition of the nosologic features of some of them including Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Desbuquois dysplasia and acromicric dysplasia by analysing clinical and radiological features of series of patients ascertained through international collaborations. The second goal of this work was to identify the molecular basis of some bone dysplasias with short stature and micromelia. In particular, we found linkage to chromosome 19p13. 3-p13. 2 in autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome and. .
Goulay-Dufaÿ, Sophie. "Contribution au développement analytique et bioanalytique d'une substance active utilisée dans le traitement d'une maladie rare : application au développement de la 3,4-Diaminopyridine." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P605.
Full textRodde, Soler Elodie. "Les maladies rares en neurologie et la grossesse : revue de la littérature de trente-quatre pathologies." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU31067.
Full textToupenay, Steve. "La prise en charge des maladies rares en odontologie : un enjeu de santé publique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA07G002.
Full textThis study aims at providing new data relating to rare diseases with or without bucco-dental component. A national investigation based on a questionnaire has been carried out in France and a clinical study has been fulfilled in relation to the patients consulting the national centre of rare malformations ofthe face and the buccal cavity. The results have revealed a difficult and complex course of care for aIl the patients suffering from rare diseases. The oral health quality is not linked to the severity of the bucco-dental component. An unfavorable medico-economic impact has been noted in the treatment of numeric anomalies ofteeth, including oligodontia. ProposaIs have been raised to improve the follow up care of these patients on the basis of the current evolution of the health policy
Saraiva, de Araujo Neta Marlène. "Planification, synthèse et activité tripanocide et leishmanicide de nouveaux dérivés hybrides à partir de 2-isoxazoline aza-bicyclique et 5,6,7,8-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1022.
Full textLes maladies négligées touchent des millions de personnes dans le monde. Parmi ceux-ci figurent la maladie de Chagas et la leishmaniose. La maladie de Chagas est causée par un protozoaire, le Trypanosoma cruzi, et sa principale forme de transmission se fait par les matières fécales de l'insecte, communément appelé coiffeur. La leishmaniose peut être causée par plus de 20 types de parasites du genre Leishmania et il en existe 3 types, la leishmaniose cutanée, la leishmaniose cutanéemuqueuse ou tégumentaire et la leishmaniose viscérale. Pour le traitement de ces maladies, il existe de nombreux problèmes, tels que la quantité d'effets secondaires, la faible activité dans la phase chronique de la maladie, la voie d'administration et l'apparition de souches résistantes. La littérature décrit de bons résultats biologiques pour les noyaux de 2-isoxazoline, d’imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, de thiazolidine-2,4-dione, de thiazolidinone et de thiosemicarbazone, y compris une activité antiparasitaire. Au vu de ces résultats, deux séries de nouvelles molécules hybrides, la 2-isoxazoline azabicyclique / thiazolidine-2,4-dione et la série 5,6,7,8-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyrazine / thiosemicarbazone, 5,6,7,8-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine / thiazolidinone et 5,6,7,8-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine / thiazolidine-2,4-dione ont été obtenues par hybridation moléculaire. Le noyau central de la série azabicyclique 2-isoxazoline a été synthétisé à partir de la cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire entre les énamides endocycliques encycliques et l'oxyde de carboéthoxiformonitrile (CEFNO). Les esters d'isoxazoline ont été obtenus et ensuite réduits en alcools respectifs par NaBH4 et à partir de ceux-ci, les isoxazoline aldéhydes ont été synthétisés par oxydation de Swern. En parallèle, la thiazolidine-2,4-dione a été synthétisée, ainsi que ses dérivés. Pour obtenir les molécules hybrides finales, Knoevenagel a été condensé entre les isoxazoline aldéhydes et les thiazolidines-2,4-diones. Le noyau central de la série 5,6,78-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine a été synthétisé avec la 2- aminopyrazine comme matière de départ. Cette série devrait modéliser les positions 2 et 3 du noyau central. D'une manière similaire à la série 2-isoxazoline, un ester a été obtenu puis il a été réduit en alcool respectif qui a ensuite été oxydé par MnO2 en aldéhyde respectif. A partir de ces aldéhydes, différentes réactions ont été réalisées pour obtenir les dérivés hybrides de la série. Toutes les molécules finales obtenues ont été caractérisées par des méthodes spectrophotométriques (RMN 1H et 13C, IRATR et masses) et leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques ont été déterminées. Les deux séries de molécules avaient l'activité antiparasitaire déterminée contre les parasites Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania infantum et Leishmania major, ainsi que leur cytotoxicité a été déterminée dans les macrophages et les cellules HeLa. Les molécules de la série azabicyclique 2-isoxazoline ont montré une activité anti-Leishmania pour les espèces testées, étant plus efficaces contre L. major. Les molécules de la série 5,6,7,8-tétrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine n'étaient actives pour aucune des espèces de Leishmania testées. Certaines molécules des deux séries ont montré des résultats prometteurs au vu des formes évolutives du parasite T. cruzi. La majorité des moléculues étant inactive ou avec une IC50 supérieure au benzinidazole sous les formes amastigote
Dhombres, Ferdinand. "Apports de la modélisation ontologique au partage des connaissances en médecine périnatale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066669.
Full textThe Information Communication Technologies offer new opportunities for knowledge sharing among individuals and between machines. Ontologies are computer artifacts to represent the semantics of data, leading to semantic interoperability. This thesis explores the contributions of ontologies as support for perinatal Medicine knowledge sharing (in the field of rare diseases, prenatal diagnosis and fetal dysmorphology). The design of a rare diseases ontology (in collaboration with Orphanet) is detailled. This resource is evaluated in real situations and showed positive results for knowledge base curation, consistency and quality control procedures and automated rare diseases classifications generation. The ontology produced in this work is the first one of its kind in the field of rare diseases. Its current structure and its compliance with the W3C standards (OWL, RDF, SKOS) allows its use over the Web of Data (Linked Open Data). Evolutions of the model will follow for the representation of fetal dysmorphology (Accordys project) and for the representation of patients cohorts (BNDMR/RaDiCo projects)
Robert, Florian. "Vers une thérapie pour deux maladies vasculaires rares : criblage de chimiothèques de médicaments pour les maladies Rendu-Osler et Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV039.
Full textBMP9 is a ligand of the TGF-β family and is considered as a vascular quiescence factor. Different actors within BMP9 signaling pathway such as receptors ALK1 and BMPR2 are found to be mutated in two rare vascular diseases, Rendu-Osler disease also called Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, which are due to endothelial dysfunction. Current treatments aim to improve symptoms in patients, whitout providing a real cure. Thus, it is essential today to find new etiological treatments restoring this signaling pathway. To do this, I used high-throughput screening to reposition potential drug candidates from the Prestwick and TargetMol libraries, a total of 2133 molecules approved by FDA and EMA. These screens were realized on endothelial cells models reporting the BMP9 pathway using a BMP sensitive promoter (BRE, BMP Response Element). I developed and miniaturized a first endothelial model HMEC-1 secreting a BRE-controlled Metridia Luciferase, then a second one using double transfection of Firefly luciferase under BRE control and Renilla Luciferase as a transfection control. The first model revealed only false positives hits. However, the second one allowed us to identify several molecules activating the cAMP pathway but which action hasn’t been confirmed at molecular levels. A last screen was performed on non-endothelial cells (Myoblasts C2C12BRA), allowing us to identify two other molecules which are currently undergoing characterisations
Giacomotto, Jean. "C. elegans, un outil de criblage pour la recherche de traitements contre les maladies rares." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707724.
Full textGiguet-Valard, Anna-Gaëlle. "Étude démographique et analyse CoDE-Seq des maladies rares neurodégénératives à expression motrice en Martinique." Thesis, Antilles, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANTI0596.
Full textRare Neurodegenerative Diseases with Motor Expression (RNDME) are a very heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative pathologies of acquired or innate physiopathology that can occur at any age. They have a targeted impact on the central or peripheral neurological structures involved in motor activity. These structures are functionally and topographically close to the centers of cognition. Thus, under certain conditions, the neurodegeneration of motor structures impacts cognitive functions.They result in gait and/or balance disorders, a decrease or absence of movement, a varied cognitive impairment that can go as far as dementia.RNDME are sporadic or family based. The latter have a hereditary component and therefore represent interesting study models because they offer the possibility of analyzing the DNA of relatives and thus increase the research power of genetic factors involved in a family symptomatology.The scientific literature indicates an important number of genetic pathogenic variation responsible for RNDMEs, which allows classification but also makes it more complex because it can be observed that the same gene can be involved in several pathologies and a pathology can be caused by different genes. Consequently, in RNDMEs, atypical symptoms, clinical overlaps or allelic diseases are observed.In the French West Indies, the data in the literature on RNDMEs are limited but rich in certain observations confirming the atypical RNDMEs seach as the atypical Caribbean Parkinson's syndrome.On the genetic level, diagnostic investigations are limited to medical fields based in metropolitan France and most often about the comparison of genomic data of Caucasian populations.The thesis work is about 2 aspects: the first, clinical and genetic, has allowed to draw up an inventory of the RNDMEs in Martinique by characterizing them on these plans, the second on the search for causal variants by a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique called CoDEseq (Copy number variation Detection and Exome sequencing). The inventory of RNDMEs in Martinique and the experimental work of data analysis of NGS, are the first works of this type, in the field and in our region.The CoDEseq method is innovative because it allows whole exome analysis in the detection of Single Nucleodis Variants (SNVs) and Copy Number Variants (CNVs). It had almost never been used in the analysis of RNDMEs. We used it because it is a method of choice for searching for both simple and structural variants. The results show a diagnostic cost-effectiveness of 58% since we identified a variant probably pathogenic in 7 patients out of 12 tested. We found these variants in known RNDMEs genes sometimes described in Asian populations, but also of African or Caucasian descent. Some of these genes may be involved in several symptomatologies, confirming the finding of overlap in these diseases.This work lays the epidemiological basis for RNDMEs in the West Indies and provides a basis for a registry in this area. On the experimental level, it allow to propose a molecular cause associated with previously described or new variations. It is also a proof of concept regarding the bioinformatics means of analyzing NGS data in Martinique. It paves the way for other work of the same kind, susceptible to draw up the gene specificities of the RNDMEs in our region and to expand the data in the scientific and medical literature
Las Enfermedades Neuro-Degenerativas Raras con Expresión Motora (ENDREM) son un grupo muy heterogéneo de patologías neurodegenerativas de fisiopatología adquirida o innata que pueden presentarse a cualquier edad. Tienen un impacto específico en las estructuras neurológicas centrales o periféricas involucradas en la actividad motora. Estas estructuras están funcional y topográficamente próximas a los centros de cognición. Así, bajo ciertas condiciones, la neurodegeneración de las estructuras motoras impacta las funciones cognitivas. Producen trastornos de la marcha y / o del equilibrio, una disminución o ausencia de movimiento, un deterioro cognitivo variado que puede llegar hasta la demencia. Las ENDREM son esporádicas o familiares. Estos últimos tienen un componente hereditario y, por tanto, representan modelos de estudio interesantes porque ofrecen la posibilidad de analizar el ADN de familiares y así aumentar el poder de investigación de los factores genéticos implicados en una sintomatología familiar. para las ENDREMs, lo que permite la clasificación pero también la hace más compleja porque se puede observar que un mismo gen puede estar involucrado en varias patologías y una patología puede ser causada por diferentes genes. En consecuencia, en las ENDREMs se observan síntomas atípicos, solapamientos clínicos o enfermedades alélicas.En las Antillas francesas, los datos de la literatura sobre las ENDREMs son limitados pero ricos en ciertas observaciones que confirman la búsqueda de las ENDREMs atípicas como síndrome de Parkinson del Caribe atípico. En el nivel genético, las investigaciones de diagnóstico se limitan a los campos médicos basados en la Francia metropolitana y con mayor frecuencia sobre la comparación de datos genómicos de poblaciones caucásicas.El trabajo de tesis gira en torno a 2 aspectos: el primero, clínico y genético, ha permitido elaborar un inventario de las ENDREMs en Martinica caracterizándolas en estos planos, el segundo sobre la búsqueda de variantes causales mediante una secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS) técnica denominada CoDEseq (Detección de variación de número de copias y secuenciación de exomas). El inventario de ENDREMs en Martinica y el trabajo experimental de análisis de datos de NGS, son los primeros trabajos de este tipo, en el campo y en nuestra región.El método CoDEseq es innovador porque permite el análisis del exoma completo en la detección de variantes de núcleo único (SNV) y variantes de número de copias (CNV). Casi nunca se había utilizado en el análisis de las ENDREMs. Lo usamos porque es un método de elección para buscar variantes simples y estructurales. Los resultados muestran una rentabilidad diagnóstica del 58% ya que identificamos una variante probablemente patogénica en 7 pacientes de los 12 analizados.Encontramos estas variantes en genes ENDREMs conocidos que a veces se describen en poblaciones asiáticas, pero también de ascendencia africana o caucásica. Algunos de estos genes pueden estar implicados en varias sintomatologías, lo que confirma el hallazgo de superposición en estas enfermedades.Este trabajo sienta las bases epidemiológicas para las ENDREMs en las Indias Occidentales y proporciona una base para un registro en esta área. A nivel experimental, permite proponer una causa molecular asociada a variaciones nuevas o descritas anteriormente. También es una prueba de concepto con respecto a los medios bioinformáticos de analizar datos NGS en Martinica.Allana el camino para otros trabajos del mismo tipo, susceptibles de trazar las especificidades genéticas de las ENDREMs en nuestra región y ampliar los datos en la literatura científica y médica
Boucand, Marie-Hélène. "Les maladies rares d'origine génétique : pour une médecine de l'adaptabilité et une éthique de subjectivation." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30048.
Full textRare diseases have only recently been identified. They set up quite a lot of diagnostic difficulties because not well-known yet by the medical profession .They sometimes occure by (ou bien with? With symptoms we named as being disqualifying because mainly subjective and without any outbreak possibly objective or evident by biology or medical imaging.Our work is at the crossroad of philosophy and social psychology. Week-end worked on the base of actual experience of 16 sick patients cases who took part in our research through semi-managed talks. So,main themes of their actual current experience could be identified : the pathological of the suffering person, the models of representation,the images used to express the genetics and the rare case, the link with the medical profession and the social experience of the diseases. For the patients concerned,these rare diseases are neither diseases nor handicaps but in-between cases.Taking into account that 80% of rare diseases have a genetique genetic origine origin ,we explored how this theory involves in the way it is lived. The imaginary of genetics still is still very pregnant,calling forth the causal linear origin of the disease and all hopes for recovery .It is often connected to a representation of the error,the fault or the malformation that happened at the time of fecondation. It is with all these representations that patients will have to rebuild their life,upset by the disease against which unfortunately more often most of the time ,no therapy exists yet. This research lead us to view a therapy that would combine a therapy of uncertainty and admit the limits of medical knowledge. In the end, this therapy should be able to become the therapy of an adaptation supporting the adaptability work of the patient who has to find his way to keep being a human person. in spite of the limits compelled by the disease. All along this sometimes very long way, the exchange of knowledge and an amazing solidarity among the patients within the associations back up the patient's capacities to rebuild himself as a subject, giving him the possibility of living his fate as a destiny
Villani, Murielle. "Résilience familiale et maladies chroniques rares de l'enfant : étude exploratoire auprès de 39 familles françaises." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H110/document.
Full textContext: Numerous studies have established that chronic illness is a sufficiently significant risk to allow the introduction of the concept of family resilience and have set hypotheses relating to the emergence of such resilience. Objectives: Using John Rolland's integrative psychosocial model about Families, Illness and Disability, and the McCubbin's Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustement and Adaptation, we describe and explain the construct of resilience among 39 French families with children suffering from a rare chronic illness. Methodology: quantitative and qualitative evaluations: standardized questionnaires (Detailed anamnestic form, Impact on Family Scale, Family Relationship Index, Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation), and, with a limited number of families, semi-structured clinical interviews and projective tests (Family Apperception Test, Draw-a-Family). Results: 39 families have participated in the quantitative study and 7 in the qualitative study. These families count 37 mothers, 27 fathers, 26 children (14 siblings and 11 ill children) and 3 close relatives living with the family. Results show a good applicability of the models and tools chosen to a French population and the subject of the study. Variables of parental impact of the disease, family adjustment and functioning have proved to be very sensitive to the clinical typology of the disease. Thus, a higher parental impact of the disease and a lower parental perception of family adjustment and relationships are significantly associated with a disease presenting potential reduction of the life span and incapacities. In siblings, an abrupt onset and the phase of the disease are negatively linked to the dependent variables. Speaking of resilience, social support plays an important role in the adjustment strategy, even if the nature of social support preferred for that purpose differs between members of the family. A higher impact of the disease on single families, a positive association between the mother's education level and family adaptation, a negative impact of a long diagnosis period on the whole family, and a link between the father's variables and the predictability and controllability of the disease, have been observed. Conclusion: These results have allowed us on the first hand to propose prevention and protection measures to support families raising a child suffering from a rare chronic disease, and on the second hand to present perspectives for future research, which should adopt a systemic and longitudinal approach
Delahaye-Duriez, Andrée. "Identification de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans des maladies ophtalmologiques rares en utilisant la CGH-array." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077066.
Full textThe karyotype detects a chromosomal anomaly in 7. 7% to 10% of neonates with ocular birth defect. The introduction of microarray technology showed a very high rate of rearrangements below the resolution of karyotyping. My objectives in this work were to characterize using comparative genome hybridisation-based microarray analysis (array-CGH) chromosomal regions involved in rare ophthalmologic disorders, and then to identify new genes. In the first part of my work, we performed array-CGH in 65 patients presenting syndromal ocular developmental anomalies. A causal or potentially causal anomaly was found for 15% of them. Four had a pathogenic deletion involving a gene known to be involved in ocular anomalies (FOXC1 or OTX2}, while 4 others had a pathogenic deletion not classically associated with ocular malformations: del(17)(pl3. 3p!3. 3), del(10)(pl4p!5. 3) and del(16)(pl 1. 2pl 1. 2). In collaboration with other teams, we gathered patients to study genotype-phenotype correlations for 6p25 and 17pl3. 3 deletions. The second part of my work focused on a candidate gene study: ARHGEF26. Sequencing this gene in other patients with similar phenotype and studying the index patient family segregation, we could not demonstrate the ARHGEF26 involvement in this phenotype. This second part highlights the limits and difficulties of gene identification using array-CGH. These results demonstrate that array-CGH-based chromosomal analysis, beyond its importance for diagnosis and genetic counselling, can help to establish new genotype-phenotype correlations for chromosomal anomalies as well as identify potential new regions involved in rare ophthalmologic disorders
Gosme, Marie. "Modélisation du développement spatio-temporel des maladies d'origine tellurique." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130776.
Full textWestermann, Benoît. "Développement de méthodologies protéomiques pour l’étude des maladies infectieuses." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF058.
Full textInfectious diseases represent a real challenge in terms of politic, economic and public health. The purposes of my thesis works were to develop proteomic approaches able to identify, to detect, to characterize and/or to quantify proteins and to apply these approaches to the study of infectious diseases for which proteomic data cou Id open to new therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies. Identification and specific detection strategies developed in the study of Lyme's disease allowed to prove the feasibility of diagnosis by mass spectrometry and to propose new vaccine-candidate proteins. Quantification strategies developed in the study of toxoplasmosis allowed us to identify and to quantify a key protein complex of the parasite. N-terminome characterization strategy developed in the study of malaria allowed us to bring experimental proofs of proteins processing and trafficking
Gosme, Marie. "Modèlisation du développement spatio-temporel des maladies d’origine tellurique." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARA049.
Full textSoilborne diseases are difficult to control by fungicides or resistant cultivars ; they are characterized by processes and spatio-temporal scales that can be different from those of aerial pathogens. In particular, the dispersal processes of soiborne pathogens result in the appearance and persistence of strong spatial patterns, namely disease foci. Aggregation inflences both the temporal dynamics of diseases and their relation to crop losses thus making spatial pattern an important factor when assessing control methods. The objectives of this study were to understand and model the spatio-temporel develoment of soilborne epidemics in order to determine control strategies that may reduce disease risk through an effect on spatial pattern. To that end, two models were developed. The first one is spatially explicit and biologically realistic ; its parameters were measured for take-all disease of wheat. The model was tested with field data ; this showed that the model is precise but overestimates disease development. This test also provided possible avenues for improving the predictive ability of the model. The second model is simpler and more genetic ; it uses hierarchy theory in order to simulate disease spread across multiple spatial scales. Hypotheses concerning the behaviou of epidemics and the relationships between disease incidences at different spatial scales culd be tested using this model for example the effect of the host and inoculum spatial structures on disease dynamics and aggregation. In the case of take-all disease of wheat –for which we have demonstrated the importance of the spatial pattern of primary inoculum- the simulation results advocate for different sowing patterns according to the rank of consecutive wheat crops
Whitty-Léveillé, Laurence. "Développement d'une méthode d'analyse des éléments de terres rares (ETR) par ICP-MS/MS." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26700.
Full textIn this work, an innovative analytical protocol is introduced for rapid measurement of rare-earth elements (REE), including Sc and Y, in geological materials. Open-vessel acid digestion, microwave digestion and alkali digestion were investigated as possible digestion methods for minerals bearing REE. A new digestion procedure was developed using a fusion apparatus. The high digestion temperature (1050 ºC) and the use of LiBO2 as a flux were found to be effective for the digestion of every REE. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA), microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were explored as possible analytical techniques for the measurement of REE in various mineral samples. The comparative study showed that the results obtained by ICP-MS are in good agreement with the certified reference materials (CRM) data, whereas the other analytical techniques reveal several spectral interferences for some REE. Furthermore, the tandem quadrupole instrument enables new mass filtering configurations, which can reduce polyatomic interferences during the determination of Sc in mineral matrices. Conversion of Sc+ ions into ScO+ ions provided interference-free conditions and sufficiently low limits of detection, down to 3 ng/L, to accurately quantify Sc. The accuracy of the proposed methodology was assessed by analyzing five different CRM (BX-N, OKA-2, NIM-L, SY-3 and GH).
Belfqueh, Sahar. "Développement d’un procédé éco-compatible de recyclage des terres rares issues des aimants permanents." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2022_BELFQUEH.pdf.
Full textRare earth elements (REEs) are omnipresent in high technology devices (smartphones, computers…) and are increasingly used in green technologies (wind power turbines, electric vehicles…). Due to their importance, these metals are considered critical for Europe, which has very few primary deposits. Access to these REEs can be considered through the recycling of end-of-life products, in particular through NdFeB or SmCo permanent magnets, which represent 37%, by weight, of the REEs market.In this context, this thesis studies the recycling of REEs, especially Nd, Pr and Dy from NdFeB permanent magnets, found in hard disk drives, through “eco-compatible” hydrometallurgical routes considering the use of organic acids in the leaching process as alternatives to the mineral acids, and the use of a diglycolamide (N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl diglycolamide - TODGA) as the extracting molecule as an alternative to organophosphorus compounds.Multiparametric studies were realized in order to evaluate the selective recovery of REEs from other elements present in these magnets, in particular iron.Thus, from the results obtained, two alternative methods are proposed.The first process consists in an oxidative roasting of the NdFeB magnet powder followed by two selective leaching steps that allow, after the steps of precipitation and calcination, the separation of Didymium oxide (Nd2O3. Pr2O3), dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) which is non-leachable in acetic acid. The feasibility of this process has been demonstrated on synthetic mixtures of oxides having the same composition as an oxidized NdFeB magnet powder (leaching> 95%, oxide purity> 99.8%). However, the oxidative roasting conditions must be further optimized in order to reproduce the same results on the real NdFeB magnet powder.The second process starts with the complete leaching of the non-roasted NdFeB magnet powder followed by a solvent extraction step using the extracting molecule TODGA. Thereby, a two-stage solvent extraction allowed the extraction of all REEs (Nd, Pr and Dy) with excellent selectivity against other elements present in the acetic acid leachate (Fe, B, Co and Ni). The quantitative stripping of all extracted REEs was possible using an EDTA solution. In addition, a multi-stage solvent extraction, using TODGA, followed by a stripping step using water allowed the separation of Didymium and dysprosium
Decroocq, Camille. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d'iminosucres d'intérêt thérapeutique : chimie click, multivalence et maladies génétiques rares." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF043/document.
Full textRecently an innovative concept for the treatment of lysosomal diseases as emerged called pharmacological chaperone. Pharmacological chaperones are reversible inhibitors of the deficient glycosidases involved in these diseases. These molecules are able, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, to stabilize the enzymes and rescue them from the destruction by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A part of the catalytic activity of the enzyme could be restored. Iminosugars are known to be an important class of pharmaceutical chaperones. During this PhD work, novel classes of mono- and multivalent iminosugars were designed and synthesized in order to identify novel pharmacological chaperones for the glycosidase: β-glucocerebrosidase involved in Gaucher’s disease and novel inhibitors of the α-glucosidases involved in the destruction of the defective protein delF508CFTR in cystic fibrosis. Several strategies were applied to achieve this aim. These strategies consist in the use of a synthetic methodology of palladium catalyzed alkenes diamination, the use of an efficient methodology to synthesize a library of novel iminosugars by click chemistry and the use of multivalency. A full study on the impact of multivalency on glycosidases inhibition was also completed by changing crucial structural parameters including valency, scaffold, linker and ligand. The first strong multivalent effect on glycosidases inhibition up to four orders of magnitude was reported with multivalent iminosugars based on β-cyclodextrin or C60 fullerene cores
Petit, François Mickael Ferry Nicolas Labrune Philippe. "Aspects moléculaires des maladies rares du métabolisme hépatique à propos de la maladie de Crigler-Najjar /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=50636.
Full textMaaroufi, Meriem. "Interopérabilité des données médicales dans le domaine des maladies rares dans un objectif de santé publique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066275/document.
Full textThe digitalization of healthcare is on and multiple e-health projects are unceasingly coming up. In the rare diseases context, a field that has become a public health policy priority in France, e-health could be a solution to improve rare diseases epidemiology and to propose a better care for patients. The national data bank for rare diseases (BNDMR) offers the centralization of these epidemiological studies conduction for all rare diseases and all affected patients followed in the French healthcare system. The BNDMR must grow in a dense and heterogeneous digital landscape. Developing the BNDMR interoperability is the objective of this thesis’ work. How to identify patients, including fetuses? How to federate patients’ identities to avoid duplicates creation? How to link patients’ data to allow studies’ conduction? In response to these questions, we propose a universal method for patients’ identification that meets the requirements of health data protection. Which data should be collected in the national data bank? How to improve and facilitate the development of interoperability between these data and those from the wide range of the existing systems? In response to these questions, we first propose the collection of a standardized minimum data set for all rare diseases. The implementation of international standards provides a first step toward interoperability. We then propose to move towards the discovery of mappings between heterogeneous data sources. Minimizing human intervention by adopting automated alignment techniques and making these alignments’ results reliable and exploitable were the main motivations of our proposal
Garcelon, Nicolas. "Problématique des entrepôts de données textuelles : dr Warehouse et la recherche translationnelle sur les maladies rares." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB257/document.
Full textThe repurposing of clinical data for research has become widespread with the development of clinical data warehouses. These data warehouses are modeled to integrate and explore structured data related to thesauri. These data come mainly from machine (biology, genetics, cardiology, etc.) but also from manual data input forms. The production of care is also largely providing textual data from hospital reports (hospitalization, surgery, imaging, anatomopathologic etc.), free text areas in electronic forms. This mass of data, little used by conventional warehouses, is an indispensable source of information in the context of rare diseases. Indeed, the free text makes it possible to describe the clinical picture of a patient with more precision and expressing the absence of signs and uncertainty. Particularly for patients still undiagnosed, the doctor describes the patient's medical history outside any nosological framework. This wealth of information makes clinical text a valuable source for translational research. However, this requires appropriate algorithms and tools to enable optimized re-use by doctors and researchers. We present in this thesis the data warehouse centered on the clinical document, which we have modeled, implemented and evaluated. In three cases of use for translational research in the context of rare diseases, we attempted to address the problems inherent in textual data: (i) recruitment of patients through a search engine adapted to textual (data negation and family history detection), (ii) automated phenotyping from textual data, and (iii) diagnosis by similarity between patients based on phenotyping. We were able to evaluate these methods on the data warehouse of Necker-Enfants Malades created and fed during this thesis, integrating about 490,000 patients and 4 million reports. These methods and algorithms were integrated into the software Dr Warehouse developed during the thesis and distributed in Open source since September 2017
Petit, François Mickael. "Aspects moléculaires des maladies rares du métabolisme hépatique : à propos de la maladie de Crigler-Najjar." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5dcfa87e-f2cb-468d-8a87-767381d67fe9.
Full textCrigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare hepatic disorder due to partial or total deficiency of enzymatic activity of UGT1A1 involved in bilirubin conjugation. The disease manifests itself during the first hours of life by intense and persistent unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Affected children are at high risk to develop brain non-reversible damages (kernicterus) due to bilirubin encephalopathy. Since 1952 and the description of this syndrome by Crigler and Najjar, molecular studies allowed to identify the gene. UGT1A1 gene is located on the terminal part of the chromosome 2 and is composed of 5 exons. Crigler-Najjar syndrome can take two forms: type I with complete and non-inducible enzymatic deficiency and type II with non-complete and inducible enzymatic deficiency. In this work, we have described new mutations responsible for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I or II and we have analysed them in terms of phenotype-genotype correlations. Secondly we have studied two families with non-canonical presentation (first description of paternal isodisomy for chromosome 2, molecular characterisation of a large deletion in UGT1A1 gene), highlighting the importance of familial investigations in this syndrome. In the last part, we have molecularly characterised a founder effect for the mutation c. 1070A>G in the Tunisian population, in whom Crigler-Najjar syndrome is particularly frequent
Kim, Artem. "Exploration de l’interaction entre variants rares et communs dans la susceptibilité génétique à holoprosencéphalie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B019.
Full textThe etiology of complex genetic disorders involves multiple genetic factors that are still poorly understood. Identification of these factors requires a better clinical interpretation of genetic variants identified by high-throughput sequencing. My thesis concerns the study of holoprosencephaly (HPE) - an extremely severe cerebral pathology associated with a very low diagnostic yield due to its genetic complexity. The objective of my thesis is to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying HPE and to propose novel bioinformatic strategies of pathogenic variant interpretation in complex genetic disorders. During my thesis, I first identified and described cases of oligogenic HPE resulting from a joint effect of several rare hypomorphic variants in genes related to the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. This work has shown the importance to consider the combined effect of several mutations in molecular diagnosis of complex genetic disorders. Second, I demonstrated the pathogenic impact of synonymous mutations in the SHH gene on translation: by introducing codons with different biochemical properties, these variants modify the capacity of the protein to fold correctly. These results indicate that synonymous mutations may play a major role in etiology of genetic disorders. Overall, my thesis contributes to the understanding of complex genetic architecture of HPE and proposes novel analytical methods to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying complex disorders, such as oligogenic inheritance and synonymous variants. Ultimately, these results should help avoid misdiagnosis and improve genetic counseling in human disorders that remain to be resolved
Machinis, Kalotina. "Génétique moléculaire des maladies de la croissance et développement pituitaire." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077122.
Full textBoonsin, Rachod. "Développement de luminophores sans terres rares pour l'éclairage éco-énergétique à base de diodes électroluminescentes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22704/document.
Full textLighting technologies based on light-emitting diodes have become an alternative solution over the obsolete technologies (fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps) due to their positive key criteria of environmental conservation: reduction of energy consumption and mercury/lead-free with 98% recycling technologies. However, the rare-earth elements, which are currently used in LED lightings, are produced by China at about 95%, thereby creating a monopoly situation on the rare-earth elements’ market and also a risk to the deployment of LED technologies in coming years. In this work, we have been interested in the development of rare-earth-free luminescent materials for LED lighting applications in order to produce a white light emission. Three kinds of rare-earth-free luminescent materials have been investigated: organic phosphors, hybrid (organic-inorganic) phosphors and core-shell quantum dots (QDs). The optical studies of these phosphors recorded upon UV and/or blue excitations allow us to determine their colorimetric parameters (CRI, T(K), PLQY(%)) and to demonstrate their optical performances for use in lighting devices. In order to yield a color emission close to ideal white light, the best phosphors were selected and then introduced by mixing them in appropriate proportions into silicone polymers. Another part of this work was devoted to the studies of stability of phosphors (films or powders) under operating conditions of LEDs, moreover, variation of their optical properties as a function of time and temperature were also determined. The optical performances about 30% have been recorded with some interesting colorimetric parameters. Although these materials have presented lower photoluminescence properties compared with commercial rare-earth based inorganic phosphors for “public lighting” applications, they can already be positioned on other luminescent sectors such as indoor lighting, signage anti-counterfeit marking