Academic literature on the topic 'Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes"
Telford, Erica, Fabrice Porcheray, Sandrine Halfen, Armelle Pasquet, Nicolas Pulik, Marion Fanjat, Hervé Raoul, and Yazdan Yazdanpanah. "Les stratégies dans la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses : le rôle de l’ANRS | Maladies infectieuses émergentes." Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles Novembre 2023, no. 4 (November 9, 2023): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rindu1.234.0082.
Full textPEPIN, M., P. BOIREAU, F. BOUE, J. CASTRIC, F. CLIQUET, Y. DOUZAL, A. JESTIN, F. MOUTOU, and S. ZIENTARA. "Émergence des maladies infectieuses animales et humaines." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3455.
Full textRENAULT, T., and H. LE BRIS. "Première partie : Outils de diagnostic et émergence des maladies infectieuses aquacoles." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3451.
Full textLabie, Dominique. "Conflits et maladies infectieuses émergentes." médecine/sciences 24, no. 12 (December 2008): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/200824121089.
Full textOgden, NH, P. AbdelMalik, and JRC Pulliam. "Maladies infectieuses émergentes : prévision et détection." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 43, no. 10 (October 5, 2017): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i10a03f.
Full textRooult, D. "Le concept des maladies émergentes et les maladies infectieuses au XXIe siècle." La Revue de Médecine Interne 24 (June 2003): 27s—29s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(03)80025-5.
Full textSAULNIER, D., Y. REYNAUD, I. ARZUL, L. MIOSSEC, F. LE ROUX, and C. GOARANT. "Émergence de maladies chez les organismes d’intérêt aquacole : quelques scénarios illustrés d’exemples." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3456.
Full textParola, P. "Utilisation des arthropodes comme outils épidémiologiques et diagnostiques des maladies infectieuses émergentes." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 35 (June 2005): S41—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)80272-0.
Full textDesenclos, J. C., and H. De Valk. "Les maladies infectieuses émergentes : importance en santé publique, aspects épidémiologiques, déterminants et prévention." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 35, no. 2 (February 2005): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2004.09.005.
Full textCAHU, C., and H. POULIQUEN. "Troisième partie : Mesures de gestion du risque d’apparition des maladies infectieuses aquacoles." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3461.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes"
Altmann, Mathias. "Détection, investigation et contrôle des maladies émergentes. Expériences en santé mondiale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0217.
Full textContext: the emergence of infectious diseases is the consequence of dynamic imbalances, within complex ecosystems distributed at a given geographical scale including humans, animals, pathogens and the environment. The increasing globalization of trade implies an increase in international flows of travelers and goods which can promote the spread of infectious diseases. From now on, a health crisis in one region or country can have very rapid repercussions on health and the economy in many parts of the world. Detecting emergences and understanding them through field investigations are essential steps to better control future epidemics and pandemics. Experience: during my professional career, my own work has allowed me to address these three dimensions through three studies that have resulted in publications in international peer-reviewed journals. Study 1) During a nationwide outbreak of Escherichia Coli O104:H4 in 2011, I explored the timeliness of the German surveillance system for detection, and recommended a review of the surveillance system by organizing reporting by doctors and heads of laboratories in a centralized and shared database with different access rights by health services at local, regional and national level. Study 2) Following the influenza pandemic in 2009, I investigated and compared the characteristics of severe pediatric cases in Germany during two epidemic seasons. The unchanged severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first post-pandemic season (2010-11) and the consistently high proportion of possibly hospital-acquired infections highlighted the challenge of preventing pediatric cases beyond the pandemic situation. Study 3) During the Ebola virus (EVD) outbreak in 2014, I evaluated the performance of contact tracing in Liberia as a specific control measure. Despite the unprecedented scale of contact tracing for EVD in Liberia, its ability to detect new cases was limited, especially in urban areas and during the epidemic peak. Discussion: the Covid-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in surveillance systems in almost all countries. Lessons learned during previous epidemics and pandemics such as those to which I had been exposed professionally and which I report here have been insufficiently considered. In Africa, estimates of incidence and mortality are respectively 100 times and 15 times higher than official reports. Explanations for these very large differences include weak surveillance systems, insufficient use of contact tracing, screening and diagnostic tests, and lack of access to care. Improving surveillance systems for emerging diseases requires: 1) accelerating the digitization and networking of health information systems at all levels, from health centers and peripheral laboratories to the international level; 2) the capture, effective use and linking of other data sources (communitybased, death registries, animal and environmental data) and the regulated use of the internet and social networks; 3) to strengthen the skills and expertise of field epidemiologists and their networking; 4) to invest in research during and between epidemics; and 5) that donors and governments recognize the inevitability of future epidemics of infectious and other disease conditions with serious consequences, our vulnerability to them and the need to invest in global health
Dalmon, Anne. "Caractérisation biologique et moléculaire de deux crinivirus de la tomate et structure génétique des populations de Bemisia tabaci." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22082.pdf.
Full textTomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) are two emerging criniviruses inducing yellowing symptoms in tomato. They are restricted to the phloem, difficult to purify and cannot be transmitted by mechanical inoculation. A part of their genome was sequenced in this work. TICV, for which this is the first known sequence, appeared as one of the most divergent species within the genus. The ToCV sequence was very close to those already available and confirmed a very low intraspecific genetic diversity. The capsid proteins were expressed in E. Coli and used for producing specific antisera. ELISA tests were developed for routine diagnosis. If both viruses are transmitted by the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, only ToCV is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. T. Vaporariorum transmitted efficiently both viruses. No functional complementation allowing transmission of TICV by B. Tabaci from co-infected plants was observed. The low dispersal of TICV probably results from its exclusive transmission by T. Vaporariorum, while the higher dispersal of ToCV could be linked to the spreading of B. Tabaci. Two invasive groups of B. Tabaci, B and Q, are predominant in the Mediterranean basin. Using microsatellite markers, we showed that group Q is largely predominant in France. No geographic and host plant effects were observed. High genetic flows and recent introduction are inferred from the low differentiation observed, and confirmed by CO1 sequences. Co-infections of criniviruses with other common tomato viruses did not induce any strong effects on symptoms and virus accumulation, suggesting that they would not increase the phytosanitary risk associated to criniviruses
Hcini, Najeh. "Grossesses à haut risque dans le bassin du Maroni : Conséquences des maladies infectieuses sur la morbi-mortalité maternelle, fœtale et néonatale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023YANE0004.
Full textInfectious agents are recognized as a cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The numerous infectious epidemics that have occurred in French Guiana reveal the exposure of the population to numerous pathogens. French Guiana is experiencing rapid growth and boasts one of the highest birth rates in France. Studies confirm that infant mortality remains high, and premature births are among the highest in France. Many questions arise regarding the impact of various infectious epidemics and their role in this increased risk. To study the extent and consequences of infectious diseases in pregnant women in western French Guiana, this work aimed to study the descriptive and analytical epidemiology through scientific data from the western French Guiana maternity. It will also analyze the link between different infectious exposures and the increased risk of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. To achieve our objectives, we conducted non-interventional prospective studies, following an exposed-unexposed model, as well as other retrospective descriptive studies involving pregnant women exposed to infectious threats and residing in Western French Guiana.According to the results of our research, we found that young age, nulliparity, and social precarity are major risk factors for infections during pregnancy. We confirmed the link between exposure to fever during pregnancy and the increased risk of prematurity, fetal loss, and delivery by cesarean section in the population of mothers who experienced a fever, compared to those who did not. We have confirmed the teratogenic potential of the Zika virus and the Tonate virus. In fact, we have described the first case of vertical transmission of the Tonate virus and its associated fetal birth defects. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the relationship between Zika virus infection and delayed neurological and neurosensory development in fetuses, newborns, and children up to the age of 3. In 2020, the first wave of COVID-19 was particularly intense and led to a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, and admission to intensive care units in the population of infected women compared to those who were not infected. It also led to a higher risk of fetal adverse outcomes. Social precarity and changes in the healthcare system during the epidemic may have played an indirect role. Epidemics are sometimes associated, as in 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic, a dengue epidemic, and an increase in syphilis cases coexisted. We have reported an increase in the number of syphilis cases among pregnant women, resulting in a true syphilis epidemic in the west. More than half of non-treated pregnant women will have an unfavorable pregnancy outcome. Syphilis infection is associated with an increased risk of prematurity, intrauterine fetal death, perinatal death, and congenital syphilis with a risk of long-term sequelae.Thus, infectious agents are a significant cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in French Guiana and require special monitoring. It represents at least 4% of direct causes of fetal loss in the territory. The outcomes of this work are significant. They will certainly help optimize screening, initial assessment, identify exacerbating risk factors, guide therapeutic management, and monitor infections in mothers to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality resulting from these infections
Reynes, Jean-Marc. "Virus émergents et chauves-souris au Cambodge." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30076.
Full textThe reservoir of rabies in wildlife is unknown in Cambodia although the disease is commonly reported in the country. Furthermore, pteropid bats, suspected to be the natural reservoir of the deadly henipaviruses, are present in Cambodia suggesting the presence of theses viruses in the country. Consequently, we conducted our research work to look for emerging viruses belonging to the genera Lyssavirus and Henipavirus, in bats in Cambodia. We got the serologic evidence of lyssaviruses infection in bats, but the(se) virus(es) could not be isolated. Interestingly, we got one Nipah virus isolate from the urine of one Pteropus lylei specimen. This result strengthens the hypothesis that flying foxes are the natural host of Nipah virus. In addition, during these investigations, we isolated the orthobunyavirus Kaeng Khoi, of which the medical importance is inknown
Voinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R063.
Full textInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Baudouin, Alice. "Rôles relatifs des facteurs démographiques, sociaux et sélectifs sur la sélection de partenaires reproducteurs chez le gorille des plaines de l'ouest." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B057/document.
Full textIn many species, it has been shown that strategies of choice of socio-sexual partners by an individual are related to the phenotypic or genetic quality of these partners and are likely to maximize the quality of its descendants and improve its own fitness. We investigated the partner choice in western lowland gorilla females in studying their social dispersion and the relative influence of the social environment and the characteristics of adult males in females’ decisions, to stay in a social group or to emigrate, and in their choice of the group into which immigrate. We showed that females preferentially migrated towards breeding groups rather than solitary males and towards younger rather than aging groups. Groups of 10-15 individuals were avoided. Females emigrated from groups containing a large proportion of individuals affected by skin disease. In the short term after a demographic die-off due to an Ebola epidemic, female’s emigration rates declined in large groups, suggesting better reproductive and protective value of surviving males. The influence of the genetic characteristics of the sexual partners in the choice of females, in particular the genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that encode proteins involved in immune defenses, may be involved in partner choice in some primates. Its possible involvement had never been studied in the gorilla. In this perspective we have sought to develop a method to study this gene complex from non-invasive DNA samples (feces), that is to say with weakly concentrated and degraded DNA. We defined a new primer and then used high throughput sequencing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and a MHC-linked microsatellite marker to determine a population-level analysis method. Eight new MHC alleles were detected by high throughput sequencing. The microsatellite marker has a complex amplification pattern and requires protocol optimization that will reduce the cost of analyzing MHC variability at the population level. Our developments open new perspectives for the study of the influence of CMH on partner choice in wild populations of primates
Lebarbenchon, Camille. "Maladies infectieuses et écosystèmes : écologie des virus influenza aviaires en Camargue." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20079.
Full textEmerging infectious diseases are particularly studied and monitored today because of their unprecedented increase in number, speed and wideness of dispersion within wildlife, domestic or human populations. In humans, it is now estimated that 75% of these emerging diseases have a zoonotic origin, meaning they are caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted naturally between humans and other vertebrate animal species. The origin of the emergence of these zoonoses is directly linked to human interference with the natural environment, to a greater or lesser degree. Within this framework, my thesis specifically focuses on the interactions between pathogens responsible for these diseases and ecosystems. The objectives were (i) to study interactions between human activities, parasites and ecosystems through synthesis and discussion papers; (ii) to study in more detail the ecology of avian influenza viruses in the Camargue, especially the prevalence of infections in bird communities present throughout the year, the role of aquatic ecosystems in the temporal dynamics of the disease, and genetic characteristics of the circulating virus; (iii) to study more specifically highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses within the Camargue but also on a wider scale, particularly to highlight the need to integrate knowledge about the ecology of the host and the functioning of ecosystems in the study of this emerging disease. The work led to increased knowledge of the ecology of influenza virus in the Camargue and, more generally, to stress the need to study pathogens responsible for emerging zoonotic diseases at the level of ecosystems
Lefeuvre, Pierre. "Recombinaison et émergence virale : le modèle des Begomovirus." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_11-lefeuvre.pdf.
Full textEmerging viruses are defined as those that have recently appeared or those whose populations have recently increased in prevalence, pathogenesis and / or geographical distribution. Understanding the pathways viruses use to evolve and adapt to new ecological niches is a central issue of viral emergence. Among phytoviruses, Begomovirus genus (circular single strand DNA) is responsible of numerous emerging diseases on crops. Recent studies have shown the existence of indigenous and exotic begomovirus complexes in the South West Indian Ocean Islands. This region, because of its isolation and its ecological richness, represents an opportunity for begomovirus diversity study and the understanding of evolutionary factors involved in. In Reunion Island, the accidental and successive introduction of two exotic and invasive strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), gave us the opportunity to study the spatial and temporal evolution of this viral complex in a tropical and insular ecosystem. This study has put forward a rapid displacement of TYLCV-Mld by TYLCV-IL strain. Our analyses of pathogenicity showed no statistical difference in fitness between the two strains, but the virulence tests have demonstrated that TYLCV-IL present a higher virulence than TYLCV-Mld. Hypotheses about those differences and explanation of TYLCV-Mld displacement in regards to the recombinant nature of TYLCV-IL were proposed. In the broader context of the South West Indian Ocean Islands, the study of begomovirus genetic diversity has shown the existence of an extraordinary viral diversity. Phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates that the island viruses are associated with the 'African Mediterranean' monopartite and bipartite begomovirus group and that they display a polyphyletic origin. An analysis of evolving factors associated with the genesis of this diversity, enabled (1) to show that recombination had taken a dominant place in the evolution of these viruses, and (2) to describe the existence of hot and cold spots of recombination on begomovirus genome. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive analysis based on begomovirus sequences available in public databases, has led to suggest the intervention of mechanistic factors and / or selective pressure in shaping recombination patterns. Mechanistic factors due to conflicts between replication and transcription complexes were proposed to be involved in the creation of recombinant viruses. The study of recombinant protein disruption level (SCHEMA analysis) demonstrates that newly created recombinants are under strong purifying selection acting on deleterious rearrangements. Ultimately, it would only remain the reasonably adapted recombinant viruses, for which recombination has not disrupt the multiple interactions networks encoded by the genome and responsible of its biological functions. Finally, enlargement of the same analysis to all circular single strand DNA viruses, viruses presenting a wide host ranges (animals, plants and bacteria), demonstrated once again the importance of recombination in their evolution and that purifying selection shapes recombination profiles. The ability of begomovirus to exchange genetic material by recombination and the existence of high mutation rates appear to be a strong advantage for the adaptation to new ecological niches offered by their vectors and its worldwide spread. Those factors made begomovirus having a strong emerging potential, domain in which they were already successful
Arsevska, Elena. "Élaboration d'une méthode semi-automatique pour l'identification et le traitement des signaux d'émergence pour la veille internationale sur les maladies animales infectieuses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS008/document.
Full textMonitoring animal health worldwide, especially the early detection of outbreaks of emerging and exotic pathogens, is one of the means of preventing the introduction of infectious diseases in France.Recently, there is an increasing awareness among health authorities for the use of unstructured information published on the Web for epidemic intelligence purposes.In this manuscript we present a semi-automatic text mining approach, which detects, collects, classifies and extracts information from non-structured textual data available in the media reports on the Web. Our approach is generic; however, it was elaborated using five exotic animal infectious diseases: african swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, bluetongue, Schmallenberg, and avian influenza.We show that the text mining techniques, supplemented by the knowledge of domain experts, are the foundation of an efficient and reactive system for monitoring animal health emergence on the Web.Our tool will be used by the French epidemic intelligence team for international monitoring of animal health, and will facilitate the early detection of events related to emerging health hazards identified from media reports on the Web
Epelboin, Loïc. "Émergence de zoonoses en Amazonie : épidémiologie comparée de la leptospirose et de la fièvre Q en Guyane française." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0013/document.
Full textAmong the numerous infectious diseases of interest in French Guiana (FG), two of them, two zoonoses, have recently experienced a revival of interest leading in a few years to a marked improvement in their knowledge. Several studies allowed as well discovering unexpected epidemiological features that have led us to question their emerging or reemerging character.Although cosmopolitan and with tropical a tropism, leptospirosis has been barely described in FG and on the Guiana Shield. The literature is old and reports only clinical cases or series, the most recent publication dating back to 1995. Several studies are presented in this work which have allowed to know a little more about this bacterial infection: exhaustive review of the literature, retrospective study of the reference national center reports, a retrospective multicenter study on leptos-piroses managed in FG between 2007 and 2014, with analysis of its determinants, demographic, ecological, clinical, sero-epidemiological, and a study comparing Guianese severe forms to those of North Africa.Although its presence had been suspected as early as the 1950s in FG, Q fever or Coxiella burnetii infection had not aroused interest locally until the late 1990s. The work here presents the progression of the knowledge of this bacterial infection, also cosmopolitan, but with unusual local specificities. In the course of the discoveries around this Guianese outbreak, we will present the contribution of our team to the progression of knowledge on this pathology and the contribution of answers bringing as much new questions. Thus the discussion will focus on this particular genotype, MST17, found exclusively in FG, which results in the highest incidence of Q fever in the world, a prevalence among pneumonias never found elsewhere. Moreover, the epidemiological cycle of the bacterium, usually based on livestock, seems to follow a completely different path and find its reservoir in wildlife. We also wonder about the contrast between the major public health problems that this disease represents in FG and the anecdotal character in the rest of Latin America.Finally, although these two zoonotic diseases may be described as "new diseases" in FG, it is likely that leptospirosis presents a recent increase in the number of cases related to the improvement of diagnostic techniques and the sensitization of physicians to this disease, but without real emergence, while Q fever seems to present a true emergent profile, with a recent increase in its incidence, and many unknowns linked to a very particular genotype.Many questions concerning these two infections remain unanswered, and the work is immense to better understand the stakes of these two diseases, both on the scale of FG and that of the Amazonian region and the Latin American continent
Books on the topic "Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes"
Expert Working Group on Emerging Infectious Disease Issues. Proceedings and recommendations of the Expert Working Group on Emerging Infectious Disease Issues : Lac Tremblant Declaration =: Compte rendu de l'atelier et recommendations du groupe de travail d'experts sur les problèmes associés aux maladies infectieuses émergentes : déclaration du Lac Tremblant. Ottawa, Ont: Health Canada = Santé Canada, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes"
SICARD, S., M. TANTI, C. FICKO, S. WATIER, R. MICHEL, and G. BÉDUBOURG. "Risques infectieux émergents ou ré-émergents pour les militaires en opération." In Médecine et Armées Vol. 46 No.1, 37–44. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7367.
Full textReports on the topic "Maladies infectieuses émergentes et ré-émergentes"
Réduire le risque de futures épidémies de maladies infectieuses émergentes en changeant les normes sociales relatives à la consommation de viande de brousse en milieu urbain et en mettant un terme à son commerce. Wildlife Conservarion Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.37436.
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