Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladies du rein – physiopathologie'
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Delous, Marion. "Physiopathologie de la néphronophtise juvénile : identification d'un nouveau gène de la néphronophtise, RPGRIP1L et caractérisation des fonctions cellulaires des néphrocystines." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T031.
Full textNephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by tubular atrophy, thickened basement membranes, and the development of medullary cysts which arise via unknown mechanisms and ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Thus far, 9 disease genes (NPHP1-9) have been identified which encode the nephrocystins, all of which have been localized at cell-cell junctions, primary cilia, and centrosomes. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown of either NPHP1 or NPHP4 in MDCK cells, we demonstrate that the nephrocystins play an essential role in the establishment of apico-basolateral polarity by virtue of their interaction with the known tight junction proteins PALS1 and PATJ. Moreover, we identified a novel ciliary gene RPGRIP1L/NPHP8 which mutations can cause the multiorgan syndromes ol either Joubert syndrome type B (characterized by cerebellar vermis aplasia, retinal degeneration and nephronophthisis) or Meckel syndrome, an embryonic lethal syndrome characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations and hepatic developmental defects. RPGRIP1L encodes a cytosolic protein which colocalizes at the centrosome/primary cilia complex with nephrocystin-4 and nephrocystin-6 in MDCK cells, suggesting that RPGRIP1L and the other nephrocystins are involved ir similar signalling patways
Tabibzadeh, Nathalie. "Le rein profond dans la physiopathologie des lésions rénales : rôle des structures médullaires, des capillaires péritubulaires et de l'urothélium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS604.
Full textLe rein profond correspond aux structures médullaires, vasculaires post-glomérulaires, et à l’urothélium intrarénal. Cette définition regroupe des acteurs de la physiologie rénale dont l’étude est parfois difficile du fait de leur localisation. La fonction de concentration en particulier se rattache directement à ces structures profondes. L’objet de l’étude est donc une approche physiopathologique des altérations du rein profond, qu’elles soient à l’origine de la pathologie rénale, ou qu’elles en soient le reflet. La première partie du travail repose sur des données épidémiologiques de patients atteints d’une maladie rénale chronique et montre que la diminution de l’osmolalité urinaire à jeun est prédictive d’une dégradation du débit de filtration glomérulaire et d’une insuffisance rénale terminale chez ces patients. La deuxième étude porte sur le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires d’une part dans l’hémodynamique rénale, d’autre part dans l’apparition des lésions tubulaires. Dans un modèle d’hypertension artérielle, le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires dans la toxicité rénale de l’hème y est précisé. Enfin, la troisième partie concerne la structure la plus profonde du rein, l’urothélium intrarénal. Des données de la littérature laissant entrevoir son rôle potentiel dans les fonctions rénales, un modèle murin transgénique d’ablation conditionnelle de l’urothélium a été mis au point. L’osmolalité urinaire était diminuée et l’urée et la créatininémie étaient augmentées après ablation des cellules urothéliales. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle de l’urothélium intrarénal dans la fonction de concentration des urines ; son rôle en physiopathologie doit encore être précisé
Larrue, Romain. "Déterminants moléculaires et cellulaires des maladies rénales chroniques et de leurs complications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS026.
Full textChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined, regardless of its primary cause, by the presence, for more than 3 months, of markers of kidney damage or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m². CKD is associated with an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease as well as decreased patient survival. Therapeutic options remain limited and rely primarily on dialysis and renal transplantation.This thesis project aims at identifying novel molecular and cellular determinants associated with CKD and its complications based on different clinical entities. On the one hand, the search for genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of certain hereditary nephropathies such as nephronophthisis or Alport syndrome has been addressed using innovative analytical techniques such as high-throughput sequencing. On the other hand, the involvement of a particular microRNA, miR-21, was evaluated in a mouse model of secondary nephropathy where kidney damage is induced by exposure to an anticancer agent, cisplatin. Our results allowed the identification of new genetic variants playing a causal role in Alport syndrome and nephronophthisis using an analytical strategy enabling complete genome sequencing. Furthermore, our data also suggest that miR-21 has a nephroprotective role and that its pharmacological modulation may prevent the occurrence of chronic renal failure in patients receiving chemotherapy including platinum derivatives. Overall, the results obtained in this work provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease and could lead to new therapeutic options in the more or less long term
Utescu, Mihai Silviu. "The impact of arteriovenous fistulas on aortic stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28256/28256.pdf.
Full textBuléon, Marie. "Physiopathologie rénale du récepteur B2 de la bradykinine : de la néphropathie diabétique au choc septique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/265/.
Full textNephroprotection has become a critical challenge during chronic or acute renal disease management. In order to enlight new therapeutic targets, we have documented the role of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R) during diabetic nephropathy and endotoxin shock. During diabetic nephropathy, renin-angiotensin system blockade slows the progression of the disease. Using two models of diabetes in rat and mice, we have observed that B2R activation is largely involved in this protective effect. We next investigated the role of B1R and B2R in the development of renal failure during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock in wild-type or mice deficient for either the B1R or the B2R. Even if further investigations are needed, B2R activation contributes to the initial decrease in blood pressure, whereas the inactivation of B1R appears detrimental. Our results support the hypothesis of a protective role of B2R activation, particularly in chronic situation
Bignon, Yohan. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des transports transépithéliaux du tubule proximal : mise en évidence du rôle de la sous-unité Kir4.2 et analyse d'un mutant de ClC-5 impliqué dans la maladie de Dent." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066244/document.
Full textThe proximal tubule is involved in diuresis by modifying the content of the glomerular ultrafiltrate. Using a variety of transepithelial transports systems, it reabsorbs all ultrafiltrated glucose, amino-acids and low molecular weight proteins, as well as 80% of HPO42- and HCO3- ions, about 60% of Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+ ions, 75% of water and 30% of Mg2+.During this thesis, I determined the physiological and physiopathological roles of two transport proteins present in proximal tubule. Firstly, I evaluated the renal function of mice invalidated for the Kir4.2 protein, whose role was undetermined. Our results show that Kir4.2, in association with Kir5.1, form a Kir4.2/Kir5.1 potassium channel at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, Kir4.2-null mice exhibit a reduced ammoniagenesis leading to an isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis. This study provides the gene encoding Kir4.2 as a candidate gene for the yet unexplained autosomal dominant isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis.Secondly, I evaluated in vitro the functional consequences of a pathogenic mutation of the 2Cl-/H+ exchanger ClC-5, involved in Dent’s disease. This disease, characterized by a low-molecular-weigth-proteinuria in the context of a general proximal tubule dysfunction, is currently thought to be due to an acidification defect of early endosomes linked to a loss of function of ClC-5. Surprisingly, our results show that ClC-5, converted into a chloride channel by this mutation, indeed acidifies the early endosomes as well as the ClC-5 wild-type. Thus, Dent’s disease may originate from a defect in the accumulation of chloride ions into the early endosomes
Chauvet, Sophie. "Rôles des facteurs génétiques et acquis dans la physiopathologie des glomérulopathies à dépôts de C3." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB081/document.
Full textComplement alternative pathway is physiologically activated. It need to be tightly regulated to avaoid uncontrolled deleterious overactivation on host cell surface. In human, two renal diseaes are associated with uncontrolled AP activation, hemolytic uremic syndrom atypical (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). C3G occures mainly in children and young adults and regoups two distinct histopathological entities, dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN). Renal outcomes in C3G is poor since up to 50% of patients reach end stage renal disease 8 to 10 years after diagnosis. Complement abnormalities in C3G are mainly acquired induced by the presence of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF): an autoantibdy targeting the AP C3 convertase. Less frequently C3G patients have anti-FH autoantibodies (Ref) or genetic abnormalities (variants in the FH, FI or CFHR5 genes. In silico analysis of mutated proteins give information about the role of mutation on AP overactivation. However, characterization of functional consequences of these mutations is required to proved the direct link between the abnormality and the occurrence of C3G. I first studied the functional consequences of the first C3 mutation, C3I734T, identified in a familial C3GN. In silico analysis revealed that the mutated residue, T734, is located on the C3 and C3b protein surface and that the substitution I734T may not be associated with major structural changes. The mutated amino acid is located on interaction site between C3b and complement regulatory proteins, FH and CR1. In vitro, the major defect of C3I734T was a decrease in binding to CR1, resulting in lower CR1 dependent cleavage of C3b by FI. These results provide evidence for a CR1 functional deficiency being responsible for deficient complement regulation. Binding of C3I734T to Factor H (FH) was normal, but C3I734T was less efficiently cleaved by Factor I, leading to enhanced C3 fragments binding on glomerular cells. In the second part of my work, I studied acquired C3G in patients with concomitant monoclonal gammopathy. In the clinical part of this study, we demonstrated The high prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy in C3G patients aged over 50, reaching 65% in the French C3G national cohort, strongly suggests a pathogenic link between the two conditions. Next, we demonstrated that renal outcomes is significantly worser in patients with monoclonal gammopathy compared to patients without monoclonal gammopathy but that efficient chemotherapy resulted in higher renal response rate and longer renal survival than conservative or immunosuppressive therapy. Results of the clinical part of the study strongly suggest a link betwwen the monoclonal gammopathy and the occurrence of C3G. In the experimental part of this work, I studied the mechanisms of complement AP activation in these population. Biomarkers of C3 and C5 convertase activation were present 40% and 81% of patients respectively. Anti-complement protein antibodies were found in 23/41 (56%) patients, including in most of patients, anti-FH and anti-CR1 antibodies. I found new antigenic target, C5 and properdin in few cases. The anti-FH and anti-CR1 antibodies were associated with clear functional consequences. Nevertheless, the anti-complement proteins reactivity was not carried out by the MIg in 75% of the cases. I discovered that the MIg induced a direct AP C3 convertase overactivation in 23/34 (67%) patients responsaible for a C5 convertase overactivation in presence of patients’ Ig, in a properdin dependant manner. Our results suggest that MIg and polyclonal autoantibodies could act in synergy: AP overactivation induced by the MIg could be amplified by the inefficient complement regulation, caused by the polyclonal anti-complement autoantibodies. All my results allow to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in C3G and open up reflection on therapeutic approaches for C3G associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Legouis, David. "Altération de la néoglucogenèse rénale lors de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS055.
Full textAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is strongly associated with mortality independently of its cause. The kidney contributes to up to 40% of systemic glucose production by gluconeogenesis during fasting and stress conditions. Whether kidney gluconeogenesis is impaired during AKI and how this might influence systemic metabolism remains unknown. Here we show that glucose production and lactate clearance are impaired during human and experimental AKI using renal arteriovenous catheterization in patients, lactate tolerance test in mice and glucose isotope labelling in rats. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that gluconeogenesis is impaired in proximal tubule cells during AKI. In a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients, we demonstrate that altered glucose metabolism during AKI is a major determinant of systemic glucose and lactate levels and is strongly associated with mortality. Thiamine supplementation increases lactate clearance without modifying renal function in mice with AKI, enhances glucose production by renal tubular cells ex vivo, and is associated with reduced mortality and improvement of the metabolic pattern in a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients with AKI. This study highlights an unappreciated systemic role of renal glucose and lactate metabolism in stress conditions, delineates general mechanisms of AKI-associated mortality and introduces a potential intervention targeting metabolism for a highly prevalent clinical condition with limited therapeutic options
Elouaai, Fatiha. "Autoimmunité anti-chromatine et physiopathologie des maladies lupiques expérimentales." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30123.
Full textBezian, Thierry. "Le rein de la sarcoïdose." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M196.
Full textPayan-Lepain, Elisabeth. "Acide hyaluronique et physiopathologie articulaire." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10444.
Full textLivron, Gilles de. "Syndrome de Cockett et rein pelvien." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M037.
Full textNadaï, Patricia de. "Les chimiokines en physiopathologie pulmonaire : rôle de CCL18." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S019.
Full textChemokines are a key factor for cellular traffic in homeostasis or pathological conditions. CCL18 is a chemokine recently cloned, preferentially expressed in lung tissue and induced by Th2-type chemokine like IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10. We studied CCL18 expression and role in different lung pathologies. First, we analysed CCL18 involvement in allergic asthma, and its regulation by several factors. In vitro studies showed that CCL18 was lately produced by mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from allergic patients and stimulated by allergen, involving IL-4 and IL-13 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. CCL18 was able to attract basophiles and Th2 lymphocytes, but not eosinophils and Th1 lymphocytes. Ex vivo studies showed that CCL18 was increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage from non-treated asthmatic patients compared to control subjects or asthmatics treated by inhaled corticoids. These results suggest that CCL18 plays a role in the allergic reaction. Second, corticoid effects on CCL18 production were evaluated. Corticoid treatment induced a 2. 5 fold increase in serum CCL18 levels in asthmatic patients, whereas it did not modify them in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who exhibit elevated serum CCL18. Serum CCL18 levels were normal in patients with cystic fibrosis, not modified by corticoids, and correlated to serum IL-13. These results suggest that corticoids regulate CCL18 expression depending on the pathology. This observation was confirmed in vitro. Indeed, dexamethasone increased IL-4- and IL-10-induced CCL18 production, but inhibited LPS-induced CCL18 production. Third, the effect of environmental factors, particularly diesel exposure, was analysed. Diesel activation of PBMC from allergic patients induced a late increase in CCL18 exposure, with or without allergen exposure, suggesting a role of this chemokine in the diesel effect on the allergic reaction. Finally, we found increased serum and pleural CCL18 in patients with pleural mesothelioma. In this pathology, T cell number was lower in pleura whereas IL-10 levels and T regulatory cell numbers were higher compared to benign pleural lesions. CCL18 was correlated to the number of infiltrated NK cells. The local presence of pro- and anti-tumoral cells will need further studies to better understand their involvement. Studies to evaluate the in vivo role of CCL18 are limited due to the absence of a murine homologue. Therefore, a model was established in SCID (Sever Combined ImmunoDeficient) mice grafted with human skin in order to analyse the effect of chemokines and their receptors in vivo. We firstly evaluated the role of CCR5 in the CCL5 (RANTES)-induced leukocyte recruitment in this model. CCL5 induced a significant recruitment of memory T cells, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils and IFN-γ+ cells but not IL-4+ or IL-5+ cells. CCR5 inhibition induced a complete inhibition of the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and IFN-γ+ cells, although these cells express other receptors for CCL5, but did not modify eosinophil recruitment. These results suggest that the in vivo environment regulates CCL5 targets, leading to a differential cell recruitment. We secondly analysed the effect of CCL18 after intradermal injection. Preliminary results show a recruitment of CD4+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RO+, CD4+CD25+ and IL-10+ cells, suggesting that, as shown in in vitro studies, CCL18 attracts naïve T cells but also memory and possibly regulatory T cells, this being to be confirmed. CCL18 receptor is still unknown. Our goal was to clone this receptor using molecules produced in eukaryotic cells. CCL18 expressing vectors and a soluble fusion protein made of CCL18 fused to the Fc portion of human or murine IgG1 was constructed. These molecules were expressed in CHO and HEK293 eukaryotic cell lines. We established methods for sufficient secretion and efficient purification. These purified molecules will be further used for the receptor cloning from a cDNA bank
Aure, Karine. "Physiopathologie moléculaire et cellulaire des maladies mitochondriales à présentation neurologique." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066281.
Full textBonnet, Fabrice. "Expression rénale de la néphrine et des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II dans un modèle expérimental de néphropathie diabétique : effets d'un traitement par un antagoniste du récepteur AT1 de l'angiotensine II." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10068.
Full textFavereaux, Alexandre. "Etude protéomique du système nerveux périphérique dans les neuropathies autoimmunes démyélinisantes et les maladies à prion." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21027.
Full textThis is a proteomic study of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in two pathological conditions : autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies and prion diseases. We searched for novel antigenic targets, by western-blot analysis, in sera from patients with auto-immune demyelinating neuropathies. Then, we identified these novel antigens by purification and sequencing methods as electro-elution, N-terminal microsequencing and mass spectrometry; On the other hand, we detected prion protein accumulation in the PNS from patients with sporadic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, by immunohistochemistry and western-blot analysis. We showed that a P0 dimer and a 35 kDa P0-like protein are antigenic targets in some autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies. Besides, we evidenced the protease resistant isoform of the prion protein (PrPsc) in the PNS of some sporadic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Saisonkorh, Watcharee. "Epidémiologie et physiopathologie des infections à Bartonella." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20697.
Full textThe genus Bartonella now comprises more than 20 validated species worldwide. Phylogenetically the genus Bartonella is classified in the alpha subgroup of Proteobacteria, closely related to the genus Brucella, Afipia, Agrobacterium, and Rhizobium. Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are facultative intracellular bacteria. In vivo, B. Bacilliformis and B. Quintana may be observed in human red blood cells whereas B. Henselae, B. Clarridgeiae, and B. Koehlerae may be seen erythrocytes of bacteremic cats. Moreover, these bacteria had a remarkable tropism for endothelial cells, leading to angioproliferative lesions (verruga peruana for B. Bacilliformis and bacillary angiomatosis for B. Henselae and B. Quintana). Bartonellosis may affect humans and mammals and are usually transmitted by arthropods (body lice and fleas) from a human or an animal reservoir. Each Bartonella species is well adapted to a specific host from which incidental transmission may occur. The first part of our thesis is an exhaustive review of Bartonellosis that have reported and described in Asia and Australia (Article 1). The specific aims of the second part of this work were: i) to identify and to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of B. Bovis strains isolated from animals from French Guyana, South America (Article 2); ii) to detect, identify and characterize a new Bartonella species i. E. “Candidatus Bartonella thailandensis” isolated from blood of rodents from Thailand (Article 3); iii) to identify immunodominant proteins using bidimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF useful for diagnosis of B. Henselae infections (Article 4); and iv) to sequence and study a conjugative plasmid containing encoding genes for a type IV secretion system detected in a strain of B. Rattaustraliani and showing for the first time a biological evidence of conjugation between intracellular bacteria within amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Article 5)
Louvrier, Camille. "Physiopathologie des maladies auto-inflammatoires d’expression cutanée : aspects moléculaires et cellulaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS579.
Full textMonogenic auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs) are rare diseases characterized by recurrent fevers associated with systemic inflammation. The aim of this work was to identify new diagnostic markers of AIDs and to expand the physiopathological knowledge of these diseases. The first part of this work concerned the study of germline and somatic mosaic mutations of NLRP3, a gene already involved in AIDs. A re-assessment of all the reported NLRP3 mutations in AID patients as well as an in-depth study of five new patients allowed characterizing the specificities of mosaic mutations compared to germline mutations. The second part of this work concerned the identification of a new gene of AID. A genetic approach was conducted in a large family comprising several subjects with chronic urticaria and identified a novel AID gene. Functional assays detected abnormal distribution of the mutated protein in the cytoplasm of the cell, relative to the wild-type protein. A proteomic study associated with an immunoprecipitation of the newly identified protein was performed and identified several protein interactors. Among them, some of which are implicated in innate immunity. This work allowed to better understanding the physiopathology AIDs of skin expression, with the characterization of mosaic mutations of a gene already involved, and the identification of a new AID gene, a diagnostic marker particularly useful in this group of affections
Jouand, Nicolas. "Etude de la réponse lymphocitaire T non conventionnelle restreinte par HLA-E lors de l'infection par le cytomégalovirus chez les patients transplantés rénaux." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1002/document.
Full textHuman Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major cause of morbidity in immunodeficient individuals. Antiviral immunity being essential in the management of the virus in the host, understanding the role of each of the immune effectors in the anti-HCMV immune response is crucial to improve the upcoming management of these patients. ln this study, we characterized ex vivo, by a qualitative and quantitative approach, the unconventional UL40-specific HLA-E-restricted CDS T lymphocytes (LT HLA-EuL4o) · in kidney transplant patients (n = 119) and healthy volonteers (n = 25). We show that their development is related to HCMV infection of the recipient and is specific for the infectious viral strain. LT HLA-EuL40 cells are quasiclonal populations present in approximately 30% of the HCMV• individuals and can account for up to 40% of circulating CDS T cells. ln addition, it appears that the HLA-A*02 allele and the HLA-E*01 :01/01 :03 genotype are factors associated with the generation of these populations. LT HLA-EuL4o are effector-memory CDS T cells capable of cytotoxicity and cytokine production (TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-2). ln addition to the nominal peptide, these cells recognize a set of relatively close nonamers, including signal peptides derived from HLA-I proteins presented physiologically by HLA-E, thus raising the question of potential autologous and/or allogeneic reactivity. ln conclusion, our results highlight the importance of studying the role of l T HLA-EuL4o in the protection against HCMV and their possible impact in a transplant context
Moreau, Éric. "Les manifestations rénales de la drépanocytose hétérozygote : à propos de neuf observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M192.
Full textGonzalez, Julien. "Implication de la chimiokine CCL7 dans le développement de la fibrose tubulointerstitielle rénale." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1931/.
Full textRenal disease severely affects whole body haemostasis as the kidney plays an important role in the elimination of waste products. The currently used drugs only slow down kidney disease and in most cases do not avoid progression to end-stage renal disease. The degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characterized by extracellular matrix protein accumulation in the tubulointerstitium, is strongly correlated to the future loss of kidney function. Schematically, the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis can be divided in three steps: inflammation, myofibroblasts accumulation and excessive extracellular matrix expression. Early phases of the inflammatory step involve the induction of chemokine expression. These small cytokines with chemoattractant properties induce recruitment of white blood cells from the blood to the tissue and are at the origin of inflammation. Currently, almost fifty different chemokines have been identified which mediate most of their effects by binding to G-protein coupled receptors. In this study, we identify chemokine CCL7 as a new player in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis with differential effects in the early- and late-stages of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrosis. CCL7 (or MCP-3) can activate the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 and antagonize CCR5. At an early stage, three days after UUO, the absence of CCL7 reduced renal inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic cytokines TGF( and CTGF and myofibroblast markers. In parallel the expression of the ECM protein fibronectin was significantly lower in mice lacking CCL7, while type I and III collagen expression was not modified. In contrast, at a later stage, 8 days after UUO, the absence of CCL7 was without effect on inflammation or myofibroblast accumulation but decreased the expression of CTGF and type I collagen, suggesting uncoupling between inflammation and the fibrotic response. In vitro studies confirmed these results suggesting that CCL7 can directly induce a fibrotic response via induction of CTGF and TGF(. In addition, at this late stage the absence of CCL7 induced the increase of markers of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells
COMBET, SOPHIE. "Role des aquaporines et de l'oxyde nitrique dans la physiopathologie du rein et du peritoine." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066055.
Full textChauveau, Dominique. "Maladies kystiques rénales héréditaires : du phénotype au génotype." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N090.
Full textWe report the spectrum of mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes detected by DHPLC in families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In addition, we demonstrate that in PKD1 families, the risk of harbouring cerebral aneurysm and hence to exhibit a vascular phenotype is higher in families with mutation located at the 5' end of the gene. We also summarise liver complications related to ADPKD and specific treatment. In von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease with renal involvement, we demonstrate how conservative treatment of renal cell carcinomas may apply, and we vattempt to identify molecular risk factors for the renal phenotype. Altogether, these data demonstrate two levels of genetic heterogeneity (1) non-allelic heterogeneity
Hunckler, Franck. "Analyse épidémiologique rétrospective des biopsies rénales en Guadeloupe sur une période de 20 ans (1974-94)." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6236.
Full textOuvrard-Pascaud, Antoine. "Rôle physiopathologique du récepteur minéralocorticoïde dans le rein et dans le coeur : approches utilisant des modèles conditionnels cellulaires et animaux." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077235.
Full textThe mineralocorticoid receptor is a transcription factor whose activity dépends on the binding to the hormone, aldosterone, that mediates sodium absorption in the distal nephron (cortical collecting duct), playing a critical role in the control of volemia and arterial pressure. Nevertheless, all the molecular targets and signalization pathways have not yet been identified. Further more, among other tissues, this receptor is also expressed in the heart myocardium where its precise functions remain to be elucidated. Using a rat cell line, we generated a subclone allowing conditional expression (Cre-lox) of a functional fusion protein between the human mineralocorticoid receptor and an eGFP fluorescent tag (Ouvrard-Pascaud et al. 2004). This subclone was used in a study proposing that the nuclear translocation of the receptor is not required for stimulating sodium absorption during the early phase of the hormonal response (1-2 hours) (Le Moellic et al. 2004). We generated two transgenic mice lines that over-express the human mineralocorticoid receptor (tet-OFF) specifically in cardiomyocytes. 50% of the mice die during the embryonic development without any apparent defects on cardiogenesis. Tissue analysis of adult animals indicated normal histology. Electrophysiological studies of isolated cardiomyocytes showed lengthened action potentials. Electrocardiograms revealed conduction defaults with the occurrence of premature ventricular complex and tachycardia. This phenotype suggests a role for the mineralocorticoid receptor in the heart electrical conduction signal and its possible implication in pathologies associated with arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden death
Moore, Anne. "Physiopathologie des DCP et maladies apparentées de l'axonème : approches moléculaires et cellulaires." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA120076.
Full textPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are rare genetic respiratory disorders, mainly inherited as an autosomic recessive trait, related to ciliary abnormalities. PCD are mainly expressed at the respiratory level. Beyond the identification of the first causal genes, DNAI1 and DNAH5, the last years have known a growing scientific interest for the role of cilia in different rare diseases. My research work followed three main objectives: 1. Despite the scientists’ efforts, the molecular defects have not been identified for numerous PCD patients, underlying the need of continuous seeking of new genes. We identified a mutation in the RPGR gene in a family displaying an association of PCD and retinitis pigmentosa. This gene encodes a protein localized in the connective cilia of photoreceptors and expressed within respiratory cilia. 2. We also focused on male sterility due to immobility of sperm flagella linked to axonemal defects. Even though we did not identify any mutation of the UBE2B gene in the patients tested, this gene remains a good candidate. The encoded protein is an enzyme which could be implied in chromatin condensation and building of spermatozoa cytoskeleton. 3. The role of DNAI1 in PCD makes it as a specific marker of ciliary differentiation. We used this new tool and showed that TGF-β1, an inflammatory cytokine expressed in chronic respiratory diseases, alters the differentiation of ciliated cell
Gillion-Boyer, Olivia. "Rôles de PLCE1 et INF2 dans la physiopathologie des podocytopathies héréditaires." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T044.
Full textDuring the last decade, the identification of several podocyte genes in hereditary forms of podocytopathies has allowed to refine the glomerular filtration barrier structure and function. We conducted a mutational analysis on a worldwide cohort of 139 patients with nephrotic syndrome and identified 9 novel mutations of the PLCE1 gene encoding the phospholipase Cε1. Surprisingly in an autosomal recessive disease, we observed an incomplete penetrance in 3 pedigrees suggestive of oligogenic inheritance or genetic and/or environnemental modifiers, although the screening of 19 candidate genes failed to identify a causative variant. We confirmed the major role of INF2 encoding a diaphanous-related formin in autosomal dominant podocytopathies. We showed that most INF2 mutations are located in the N-terminal domain of the protein which is involved in its autoinhibition through the binding to its C-terminus, and also interacts with another podocyte and cytoskeletal component IQGAP1. Since INF2 interacts with MAL (Myelin And Lymphocyte protein) and the Rho GTPase Cdc42, essential players of the peripheral myelination process, we hypothesized that INF2 mutations could be involved in the intriguing association of a podocytopathy with the Charcot Marie Tooth peripheral neuropathy. We screened a cohort of 16 families with this neurorenal phenotype and identified mutations in 75% of them. We showed that INF2 is expressed in Schwann cells, where it colocalizes and interacts with MAL, and that mutations in INF2 alter INF2 interaction with Cdc42. This suggests that INF2 mutations could disturb the INF2-MAL-Cdc42 pathway and its role in myelin formation and maintenance
Rabiller, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hémi-hypertrophie corporelle congénitale : à propos de 3 cas." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3470.
Full textEsquerre, Nicolas. "L’aluminium, facteur de risque environnemental impliqué dans la physiopathologie des maladies intestinales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S008/document.
Full textAluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal in our environment. Al naturally occurs in soils, rocks, minerals, air, water and its use in consumer products increase exponentially in industrialized countries. During last decades, human activities led to an increase in the bioavailability of Al and populations are exposed daily to multiple sources and doses of Al, including the oral route. Based on the description of toxic and deleterious effects of Al in various pathologies as well as ingested doses of Al, we showed that Al could participate in the exacerbation of intestinal inflammation, decrease mucosal healing and cell renewal (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2014).In order to understand the mechanisms involved in the perturbations of the intestinal epithelium, Al toxicity was evaluated on intestinal epithelial cells. This study showed that Al decrease cell viability, promote apoptosis and disturb cell cycle. Al had also pro-tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, we demonstrated that Al could promote toxic effects on intestinal mucosa.Then, we evaluated the effects of Al on visceral sensitivity in rodents. We have demonstrated that currently ingested amounts of Al, in humans, induced in mice and rats a dose dependent increase of colorectal sensitivity. Al-induced hypersensitivity persists over time so that intoxication was arrested, and appears again when Al intoxication resumes, dismissing any tolerance phenomenon. Moreover, female gender was more affected by Al-induced hypersensitivity than male gender. Mechanisms involved an increased permeability and were dependent on mast cell degranulation and protease activated receptor 2. These results are relevant to the mechanisms observed in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Indeed, patients usually exhibit visceral hypersensitivity, increased permeability, impaired microbiota and low inflammation degree of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes of the disease remain unknown but environmental factors are strongly suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis. Thus, Al could be a new environmental risk factor involved in the development of IBS.In conclusion, these results demonstrate the toxicity of Al on the digestive tract and highlight a new environmental risk factor in the physiopathology of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome
Heliot, Claire. "Etude du rôle de HNF1B au sein du réseau de régulation impliqué dans la morphogénèse du métanéphros chez la souris." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066312.
Full textBouyssou, Virginie. "Physiopathologie et diagnostic positif des principales toxidermies." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P027.
Full textLise, Marie-Claude. "Neuropeptides et cellules immunitaires : implication dans la physiopathologie des lymphocytes B." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ee6a0759-ed6f-4a1a-9af6-3da7b50aed5e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO310O.pdf.
Full textCravezic, Aurore. "Implication des systèmes endomorphinergiques dans la physiopathologie de la dépression et de l'anxiété." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUENR03.
Full textLes traitements actuels contre la dépression et l'anxiété, ne permettent pas, malgré leur diversité, de répondre à toutes les attentes (délai d'action trop long, échec dans 1/3 des cas, nombreux effets secondaires (nausée, vomissement, symptômes de sevrage. . . )). Pour pallier ces effets, des travaux se sont intéressés à différentes voies thérapeutiques telle que la voie des neuropeptides, parmi laquelle les systèmes opioïdergiques ont été montrés pouvoir jouer un rôle dans les troubles anxio-dépressifs. Cependant, l'utilisation des opioïdes a été très largement limitée du fait des nombreux effets adverses qu'ils induisent (dépression respiratoire, tolérance, dépendance. . . ). La découverte de deux nouveaux peptides opioïdes endogènes, l'endomorphine-1 (EM-1 : Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) et l'endomorphine-2 (EM-2 : Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2), spécifiques des récepteurs opioïdes mu, et qui sembleraient dépourvus de certains effets toxicomanogènes des morphinomimétiques, relance l'espoir de nouvelles possibilités thérapeutiques. En effet, ces deux neuropeptides ont été montrés induire des effets analgésiques, de type antidépresseur et de type anxiolytique mais qui sont de courte durée, probablement due à une dégradation enzymatique rapide de ces molécules. L'objectif de ce travail a été de tenter de contrer une déficience des transmissions endomorphinergiques, ou d'augmenter celles-ci, en inhibant leurs enzymes de dégradation. Pour ce faire nous avons développé et sélectionné, par des études de dégradation et de liaison sur les récepteurs opioïdes, des analogues des endomorphines (EMs), qui seraient dépourvus d'affinité pour les récepteurs opioïdes mu et qui présenteraient une bonne spécificité des enzymes de dégradation des EMs, et avons évalué leur pouvoir protecteur sur les effets antidépresseurs des EMs en fonction du temps, dans le test de la nage forcée. Par ailleurs, des travaux ont montré que le taux de certains peptides opioïdes était modifié chez les patients déprimés et anxieux, nous avons recherché une éventuelle déficience des EMs au cours de ces pathologies. Pour ce faire, nous avons mis au point des modèles animaux de dépression et d'anxiété, à partir desquels nous avons quantifié le taux d'EMs endogènes. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'effet d'un traitement chronique, chez des souris sélectionnées comme résignées, par un antidépresseur de référence (la fluoxétine), sur leur taux d'EMs endogènes. Les études de dégradation du peptide, de sa liaison aux récepteurs opioïdes et ses effets analgésiques (plaque chaude) nous ont permis de sélectionner deux analogues des EMs (EMDB-1 : Tyr-Pro-D-C1Phe-Phe-NH2 et EMDB-2 : Tyr-Pro-Ala-NH2), qui protégeraient à la fois l'EM-1 et l'EM-2 de la dégradation, qui ne se lieraient pas sur les récepteurs opioïdes et qui ainsi prolongeraient l'effet analgésique des EMs. Ces deux analogues prolongeraient également, jusqu'à 30 min, les effets de type antidépresseur induits par les EMs, qui ne durent que 10 et 15 min lorsqu'elles sont injectées seules. D'autre part, la quantification du taux d'EMs endogènes, chez les souris issues des deux modèles animaux, nous a permis de mettre en évidence un déficit du taux de ces deux neuropeptides chez les animaux « résignés » (la résignation étant une composante de la dépression) et chez les animaux « anxieux ». Nous avons aussi montré que le traitement chronique des souris « résignées » par de la Fluoxétine corrigerait la déficience du taux d'EMs endogènes observée chez ces animaux. L'ensemble de ces travaux montrent que les EMs pourraient constituer des marqueurs biologiques des troubles anxio-dépressifs, et que les analogues EMDB-1 et EMDB-2 pourraient être utilisés pour prolonger l'activité endogène des EMs, sans altérer leur libération naturelle par les cellules. Cette étude pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles perspectives expérimentales, basées sur une augmentation de la durée de vie ainsi que du taux des EMs endogènes, afin d'agir sur les syndromes dépressifs et anxieux, ce qui constituerait une innovation en matière thérapeutique
Aubert, Sébastien. "Régulation par l'hypoxie de l'expression du gène de mucine membranaire MUC1 dans un modèle cellulaire rénal : implications potentielles de MUC1 en physiopathologie rénale." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S036.
Full textBlay, Jean-Yves. "Rôle de l'interleukine 6 dans la physiopathologie de l'adénocarcinome du rein : valeur pronostique, rôle endocrine, facteur de croissance." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T107.
Full textKamar, Nassim. "Physiopathologie de l'infection virale C en transplantation rénale." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30027.
Full textMdzomba, Julius Baya. "The role of Nogo-A in the visual deficits induced by retinal injury." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68743.
Full textBourdet, Catherine. "Contribution à la psychopathologie cognitive de schizophrénie : anomalies des interactions entre perception et représentation au cours de l'organisation de l'action : hypothèse d'un dysfonctionnement des processus de contrôle (ou métaprocessus) régissant l'optimisation tâche-dépendante de l'action." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082069.
Full textDijoux, Eléonore. "Influence des voies de sensibilisation dans la physiopathologie de l'asthme allergique." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU1004.
Full textAsthma is the fourth largest chronic disease in the world and affects more than 300 million patients in the world. It is a complex pathology, characterized by an important variety of phenotypes, including allergic asthma, for which more than 70% of patients exacerbate because of house dust mite. In allergic asthma, there are other levels of diversity such as endotype and impairment of respiratory function. These levels of diversity complicate the implementation of an effective therapeutic strategy. The allergic response is divided into two phases: sensitization and reaction. Sensitization is an asymptomatic phase. This is the stage of allergy initiation where the immune system will inhibit its tolerating actors to promote those of inflammation specifically directed against the allergen. During a subsequent encounter with the allergen, an inflammatory response will be triggered leading to a symptomatic allergic reaction. Awareness comes at the level of our biological barriers, which are harmed either by a genetic cause or by the aggression of the allergen or by environmental factors. We studied the impact of sensitization in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma using three of our most exposed physiological barriers: respiratory, digestive and skin barriers. We have shown that we can induce different asthma phenotypes according to the route of sensitization
Tardy, Claudine. "Rôle des protéases lysosomales dans l'apoptose : relation avec la physiopathologie des maladies lysosomales." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30143.
Full textLysosomes are cellular organelles which contain numerous enzymes for degradation of macromolecules. For many years, they have been considered as suicide bags that would release unspecific digestive enzymes after uncontrolled cell damage. However, some lysosomal proteases have been recently suggested to act as cell death mediators. This work aimed at analyzing the role of lysosomal proteases in apoptosis. We investigated the implication of lysosomal proteases in cell death by using fibroblasts isolated from patients with either I-cell disease, a lysosomal targeting defect, or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (due to a single lysosomal defect). We have shown that these fibroblasts are partially resistant to TNF-induced cell death as compared to control cells. Our results indicate that Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) and Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), two lysosomal hydrolases, may contribute to TNF-induced apoptosis
Néel, Antoine. "Contribution à l'étude de la physiopathologie des vascularites associées aux anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles : physiopathologie des vascularites associées aux ANCA." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ea69e338-6e24-439b-b815-e0dc4a4c421f.
Full textAnti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis are rare systemic auto-immune diseases. Until recently, research on pathogenesis mostly focused on auto-antibodies and CD4 T cells. However, due to the recent discovery of the efficacy of rituximab B cells have been shown to play a key role. Several clues suggest that these cells are involved not only act as autoantibody producers but also through antigen presentation to T cells. While recent data suggest that CD8 cells also contribute to the perpetuation of the disease, the impact of rituximab on T cells is still unknown. The objective of the present work was to take the advantage of the current therapeutic paradigm shift to compare the impact of conventional immunosuppressants and rituximab on CD4, regulatory and CD8 T cells. Herein we show that whereas CD4 and Treg compartments are comparable under conventional immunosuppressant and rituximab, these drugs have opposite effects on CD8 cells. Rituximab limits late differentiated effector memory CCR7-CD45RA+ cell expansion and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We also confirm the impact of CMV status on patients' T cell phenotype. However, CMV per se has no impact on disease presentation and outcome. The analysis of B/CD8 cells interactions in vitro will illuminate the pathways that are involved and may point to new therapeutic targets
El, Machhour Fala. "Rôle du récepteur Notch3 dans la progression de la glomérulonéphrite à croissants." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066225.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in the general population and glomerulopathies represent the third cause of end stage renal disease. Notch3 belongs to the well known family of Notch receptors. It is involved in the development of resistant arteries but also in the development of glomeruli. Our work aimed to study the involvement of Notch3 receptor in the mechanisms of progression of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). GN was induced by nephrotoxic serum (NTS) administration in mice lacking Notch3 expression and their wild-type littermates. First, we found that Notch3 mRNA and protein expressions were induced by several-fold in podocytes concurrently with disease progression. Notch3 null mice were protected from glomerulonephritis, as they exhibited less proteinuria, uremia and inflammatory infiltration compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of markers typical of podocyte integrity decreased in NTS/WT mice whereas it remained preserved in NTS/KO mice. In separate experiments, podocyte outgrowth from glomeruli freshly isolated from NTS/WT mice was higher compared to NTS/KO mice. In vitro approaches highlighted the involvement of Notch3 in promoting NFB pathway and a pro-migratory phenotype in cultured podocytes. These results demonstrate that abnormal activation of Notch3 is involved in the progression of renal disease by promoting migratory and pro-inflammatory pathways in glomeruli. Inhibiting Notch3 activation could be a novel, promising approach to treat glomerulonephritis, an incurable, severe form of chronic kidney diseases
Vallet, Marion. "Altérations de l'état acide base et maladie rénale chronique : mécanismes et conséquences." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066592.
Full textMetabolic acidosis occurs frequently during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, whether metabolic acidosis is an independent factor of CKD progression remains uncertain. Our first goal was to describe the changes in acid-base status and to describe the factors associated to these changes in patients with CKD. We analyzed the data of the NéphroTest study cohort that enrolled patients with all-stages and all-causes CKD. Metabolic acidosis is associated with a defect in urinary ammonia excretion leading to a renal tubular acidosis. This defect occurs at an early stage of CKD, before the onset of overt metabolic acidosis. Fasting urinary ammonia excretion is highly dependent on glomerular filtration rate but also on plasma potassium concentration, urinary pH and treatment. Twenty-four hours ammonia excretion is also influenced by diet. Secondly, we tested whether changes in acid-base status were associated with renal outcomes. A lower urinary ammonia excretion was associated with a faster rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate while plasma bicarbonate concentration or overt acidosis were not. The association was stronger with fasting than with 24-hours ammonia excretion. These results suggest that the inability to excrete the daily acid load is deleterious regarding renal outcomes and that alkali-based therapy should be used earlier than currently advised
Faure, Sophie. "Physiopathologie de CX3CR1, le récepteur de la Fractalkine." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077042.
Full textWang, Yue Pei, and Yue Pei Wang. "Rôle de nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans la physiopathologie des troubles minéraux et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37550.
Full textL’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est une maladie chronique prévalente et comprenant plusieurs comorbidités. Les complications les plus importantes de l’IRC sont les fractures et la mortalité d’origine cardiovasculaire. Ces dernières ont été regroupées sous l’entité du trouble minéral et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique (TMO-IRC). La physiopathologie du TMO-IRC revêt un intérêt particulier dans l’optique de mieux comprendre et prévenir les complications des patients IRC. Récemment, les niveaux sanguins de nouveaux marqueurs osseux [sclérostine, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) et α-klotho], inhibiteurs de la voie de signalisation Wnt, ont été associés à des issues de santé osseuse et vasculaire et pourraient donc jouer un rôle important dans le TMO-IRC. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont d’investiguer le rôle de ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans 1) le TMO-IRC chez les patients greffés et 2) le TMO-IRC chez des patients hémodialysés en lien avec le tissu adipeux de la moelle osseuse (TAM). Les résultats de nos travaux montrent que les marqueurs osseux baissent après la transplantation rénale et suggèrent que l’évolution de la sclérostine et du FGF23 est associée à certains paramètres de rigidité artérielle (vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotidefémorale et vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotide-radiale). De plus, nous avons montré la faisabilité de caractériser le TAM chez une cohorte de dialysés. Nos analyses suggèrent également que le TAM est corrélé de manière inverse avec le DKK1 sérique. Bref, nos résultats suggèrent que ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la physiopathologie du TMO-IRC, et ce, autant chez les patients IRC que les greffés, potentiellement par des mécanismes différents. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’action de ces marqueurs osseux pourrait ouvrir la voie à une meilleure prise en charge des patients souffrant de TMO-IRC.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Laleuf-Pourchaltchi, Mehrnaz. "La perte du rein et la réactualisation de la perte de l'objet." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100023.
Full textA two-year long internship with the Val-de-Grâce hospital's nephrology services has uncovered, through interviews with patients who have lost their renal functions, certain psychopathological characteristics prevalent among them. With a psychoanalytic and psychosomatic perspective we analyzed the causes and consequences of the loss of renal function, and the ensuing dependency that it brings vis-a-vis the dialysis machine, the hospital staff, and society in general. Following the loss of the kidney we witness the manifestation of a separation that we compare to that that follows the loss of the phantasmatic breast. We refer to the psychosomatic school of Paris' hypothesis to explain that, due to an early trauma that overwhelmed their defense mechanism; these patients could not "mentalize" some amount of anxiety, indispensable to the proper development of the psyche. Hence the test of reality can be perturbed, and "somatization" be made easier. With bodies not "libidinalized" in its whole, patients endow the mechanism of urination with a death pulse, and diverge it of its finality. The loss of the kidney is thus lived like a just punishment to aggressive phantasm toward parents. Dialysis leads to the loss of the patients' sexual functions, and a regression of their body image which recenters itself around their fistula. The repetition of the dialysis, though with a deathlike character, has yet for goal to express, in a body language, their desire to unite at the primordial object, but is also a new attempt to master the boundaries of their bodies
Worbe, Vinokhodova Yulia. "Physiopathologie des domaines fonctionnels du striatum : des désordres du mouvement aux troubles du comportement." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066253.
Full textSikorski, Mathieu. "De l’implication des cellules dendritiques myéloïdes humaines dans la physiopathologie de l’infection à polyomavirus BK." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1041/document.
Full textThe BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus infecting 80% of the worldwide population. The primoinfection leads to a low-level and long-lasting persistence of the virus in the reno-urinary epithelia. The BKPyV reactivates in immunocompromised individuals like HIVdiseased patients or allograft recipients. It is the first infectious cause of graft loss in kidney transplanted (KTx) patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs to impair organ rejection. In KTx patients, the virus reactivates and replicates actively, leading to a disease called polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN). During early steps of this pathology, the virus is found in the blood of patients, i.e. viremia. Long-lasting viremia is correlated with a poor outcome for patients. The BKPyV genome has been detected in blood immune cells, yet not identifying a particular cell population associated with the viral genome. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), key players in the induction and polarization of immune responses, have been described in kidney, next to BKPyV reactivation sites. Also, it has been shown that these cells infiltrate specifically the kidney during PVAN. Finally, they have been shown to be hijacked from their original function by several viruses to help their infection. Based on these observations, we wondered if mDC could be involved in the viruria, i.e. virus in the urines, to viremia transition. By investigating this hypothesis, we have shown that human mDC can bind, internalize and transmit BKPyV to permissive cells. Surprisingly, this interaction does not lead to maturation of immature mDC, asking the question of a putative immune evasion mechanism of the virus. An extensive study in kidney transplant recipients will allow clarification of the role that mDC could have in this infection
Jeannesson, Elise. "Analyse génétique et transcriptomique du transporteur ABCB1 en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10130/document.
Full textABCB1 is an ubiquitously expressed membrane transporter. Resistance to drugs is associated with genetic variations of its gene and with modulation of its expression through the PXR transcription factor. Given that ABCB1 could also transport cholesterol, our goal was to conduct a genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ABCB1 based on the following hypotheses: 1) ABCB1 variants would partly explain plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, and 2) ABCB1 expression profile in PBMCs would be a new, and easily available, cardiovascular biomarker. We have determined frequency of ABCB1 variants in 371 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. We have shown in these healthy people that ABCB1 variants modulate lipid concentrations, sometimes in a sex-dependant manner. Significant associations were also observed in subjects with a high cardiovascular risk. In addition, DNA microarray analysis showed that most of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transcription factors are constitutively expressed in PBMCs of healthy subjects. ABCB1 and PXR were measured by quantitative RT-PCR in 83 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. They are both expressed in PBMCs but their expressions do not correlate. Finally, there is no association between ABCB1, or PXR, expression in PBMCs and lipid plasma concentrations in healthy subjects. To conclude, ABCB1 variants would modulate lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. However, from our results, we cannot propose ABCB1 expression in PBMCs as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. It would be of interest to reproduce this study in PBMCs of people at high cardiovascular risk or in an in vitro model of PBMCs with induction studies of ABCB1 expression
Marie, Jean-Claude. "La dysplasie rénale multikystique chez l'enfant." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3048.
Full text