Academic literature on the topic 'Maladie des motoneurones'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maladie des motoneurones"
Barkats, Martine. "Amyotrophie spinale infantile." médecine/sciences 36, no. 2 (February 2020): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020010.
Full textPraline, Julien, and Philippe Corcia. "Génétique des maladies du motoneurone." Neurologie.com 1, no. 8 (December 2009): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/nro.2009.0114.
Full textPraline, J., P. Corcia, and P. F. Pradat. "Génétique des maladies du motoneurone." EMC - Neurologie 6, no. 4 (January 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0246-0378(09)50910-4.
Full textCorcia, P., J. Praline, P. Vourc’h, and C. Andres. "Génétique des maladies du motoneurone." Revue Neurologique 164, no. 2 (February 2008): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2007.10.002.
Full textZahlane, S., N. Louhab, N. Adali, and N. Kissani. "Maladie du motoneurone : révélation rare de Gougerot-Sjogren primitif." Revue Neurologique 170 (April 2014): A54—A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2014.01.119.
Full textBen Djebara, M., C. Gnaichia, I. Kacem, Y. Sidhom, Y. Hizem, A. Gargouri Berrechid, and R. Gouider. "La maladie du motoneurone paranéoplasique : à propos de cinq cas." Revue Neurologique 169 (April 2013): A145—A146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2013.01.346.
Full textPeschanski, M. "Le CNTF, agent contre des maladies, thérapeutique du motoneurone ?" médecine/sciences 8, no. 2 (1992): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3096.
Full textBouscary, Alexandra, and Cyril Quessada. "Potentiel thérapeutique de l’ambroxol contre les maladies du motoneurone." médecine/sciences 36, no. 5 (May 2020): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020071.
Full textDelmont, E., S. Roth, P. Heudier, E. Cua, R. Kaphan, J. P. Campagni, C. Lienhard-Labaune, D. Heerding, and J. G. Fuzibet. "Hyperparathyroïdie primitive, un diagnostic différentiel des maladies du motoneurone." La Revue de Médecine Interne 22, no. 12 (December 2001): 1253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(01)00498-2.
Full textFabre, M., B. Gratacap, J. Kok, and C. Massot. "Pseudo-syndrome du motoneurone: un nouveau cas de maladie de Lyme." La Revue de Médecine Interne 18 (January 1997): 536s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(97)80068-9.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Maladie des motoneurones"
Leroy, Félix. "Atteinte différentielle de deux populations de motoneurones spinaux chez le souriceau SOD1 G93A (modèle de la maladie de Charcot)." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T063/document.
Full textIn the second postnatal week, the locomotor behavior of mice changes from crawling to walking. This is made possible by profound changes in motor units. Yet, how the discharge properties of spinal motoneurons evolve during post-‐natal maturation and whether they have an effect on the motor unit maturation remains an open question. In neonates, the spinal motoneurons display two modes of discharge. For threshold pulses, 33% of the motoneurons have a discharge that start at the current onset and adapts during the pulse (“immediate firing motoneurons”). The remaining 66% motoneurons fire with a large delay and the discharge then accelerates throughout the pulse (“delayed firing motoneurons”). Though the delayed firing pattern is quite common in spinal motoneurons of neonates, the ionic mechanisms that elicit this mode of discharge have received little attention. Using the patch-clamp technique to record P6‐P10 mouse motoneurons in a spinal cord slice preparation, I characterized the ionic currents that underlie the delayed firing pattern. This is caused by a combination of an A-like potassium current that acts on a short time scale and a slow‐inactivating potassium current that delays the discharge on a much longer time scale. I then investigated how these two potassium currents contribute to the recruitment threshold and how they shape the F-I function of delayed motoneurons in neonatal mice. The slow inactivating potassium current induces memory effects that have a strong impact on motoneuron excitability and on its discharge. Building on these results, I tried to correlate the discharge pattern to known physiological sub‐types. The delayed firing motoneurons have a larger input conductance, a higher rheobase, a narrower action potential, a shorter AHP and a more complex dendritic arbor than the immediate firing motoneurons. Additionally, only a sub-‐population of the delayed firing motoneurons expressed the chondrolectin protein, a fast motoneuron marker. Based on this body of corroborating evidence, the immediate firing motoneurons would be slow type motoneurons whereas the delayed firing motoneurons would be fast type motoneurons. Finally, numerous electrical and geometrical abnormalities have been observed in spinal motoneurons of SOD1 G934 mice (model of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) during the second post-natal week but the results were somehow contradictory. In relation to the known differential sensitivity to the disease exhibited by slow and fast motoneurons, I investigated whether the immediate and delayed firing motoneurons are equally affected by the SOD1 mutation. This is not the case. I found that the SOD1 mutation induced a decrease in the rheobase and a hyperpolarization of the voltage threshold only in the immediate firing motoneurons, thereby making them more excitable than in WT mice. Furthermore, the dendrites of the immediate firing motoneurons are substantially shorter (about 35%) in the mutant than in the WT. In sharp contrast, the excitability of the delayed firing motoneurons is unchanged and the dendritic tree is nearly unaffected (the dendrites only undergo a 10% elongation). These results allow for reconsidering the link between hyperexcitability and degenerescence of the motoneurons
Bucher, Thomas. "Transfert de gènes dans le système nerveux central d'un modèle félin de maladie du motoneurone." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=85eedf7d-ea2c-4e3e-a562-2d012f9787ad.
Full textSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are the most common motor neuron (MN) diseases characterized by the degeneration of the spinal cord MN, leading to often lethal progressive muscular atrophy, for which no cure is currently available. Among the most promising therapeutic approaches, a neuroprotective factor or a missing gene can be expressed or re-introduced in MN in a sustainable manner by gene therapy. Indeed, several studies have shown an unprecedented improvement of the lifespan of severe SMA mouse models after intravenous administrations of vector derived from adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9). However, before considering clinical application, efficiency and safety of such a strategy should be evaluated in large animal models, anatomically and physiologically more closely related to humans than rodents. The objective of this study was to test different strategies for gene transfer into the spinal cord of cats with a MN disease close to human type III SMA caused by the deletion of the LIX1 gene (limb expression 1). To identify an effective strategy for gene therapy in LIX1 cats spinal cord, we tested parallel to the intravenous administration of AAV9 vector, two AAV administration routes restricted to the central nervous system: intracerebral and intracisternal (in the cerebrospinal fluid) injections with two therapeutic transgenes candidates: the neuroprotective factor VEGF and the LIX1 gene. Our results showed that intracisternal injections of AAV9 lead to transgene expression in many MN throughout the spinal cord in both adult and newborn cats with limited peripheral transduction. This study could validate the use of intracisternal administration of AAV9 vectors in a therapeutic strategy for MN diseases in humans
Piazzon, Nathalie. "Rôle du complexe de Survie des MotoNeurones (SMN) dans la biogenèse des particules ARN/Protéines." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10063/document.
Full textSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN protein is associated with the proteins Gemin 2 to 8 and unrip to form the SMN complex. Although the SMN protein is present in all cell types, SMA is restricted to a defect in motor neuron. SMN was recently proposed to have specific functions in mRNA transport and translation regulation in neuronal processes. The defective protein in Fragile X mental retardation syndrome (FMRP) also plays a role in transport of mRNPs and in their translation. In this study, we showed a link between the SMN complex and FMRP in neuronal cells suggesting a role for the SMN complex in these processes. Knowledges of the composition, interactions and functions of the SMN complex have advanced greatly in recent years. The emerging picture is that the SMN complex acts as a macromolecular chaperone of RNPs to increase the efficiency and fidelity of RNA–protein interactions, and to provide an opportunity for these interactions to be regulated. The second part of this study was to analyse the involvement of the SMN complex in the biogenesis of RNP different of UsnRNP. The specific defect of motor neuron led us to analyse the role of the SMN complex in the biogenesis of specific RNP to this cell types in particular the RNP BC200. Finally, we are also interested to the SMN complex involvement in the assembly and/or the function of the SRP particle, an ubiquitous particle
Bataillé, Stéphan. "Etude du rôle de l'acétylcholine et de l'acétylcholinestérase dans le développement des motoneurones spinaux et la protection contre un stress oxydatif." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11027.
Full textAmendola, Julien. "Développement postnatal d'un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : Acquisitions sensori-motrices, fonctionnement des réseaux lombaires et caractérisation des propriétés électriques et morphologiques des motoneurones." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537888.
Full textFaye, Pierre-Antoine. "Cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSc) différenciées en motoneurones spinaux : vers des modèles cellulaires de neuropathies périphériques d'origine génétique." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0051/document.
Full textInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) are a highly interesting tool to create and observe the behavior of specific and unattainable cells from a patient. Our team is interested in genetic peripheral nerves disorders and especially in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). One of our objectives is the development of motor neurons models from patients using the iPSc strategy in order to better understand the pathophysiology of GDAP1-related neuropathies. This gene was found in 1998 to be mutated in an axonal form of CMT and encodes a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which function remains unclear. We first obtained dermal fibroblasts (DF) from skin biopsies of a healthy person and of a homozygous patient carrying GDAP1 non-sense mutation (p.Gln163*). Then, we reprogrammed DFs into iPSc using non-integrative plasmids (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and l-Myc). After amplification, all quality controls were performed to conclude that our iPSc had the same properties and capacities than embryonic stem cells and a normal karyotype. Finally, we optimized protocols to successfully differentiate these iPSc into rosettes (structures full of neural progenitors), then into neurons and finally into motor neurons for control and GDAP1 patients. The first differences between control and patient cells were observed during the rosette formation, where a lot of patient cells were full of lipid droplets, and the rosette proportion was lower than the control cells. Mitochondria morphology was totally different in motor neurons between control and patient, where mitochondria had the same morphology than the mitochondria observed in patient nerve biopsies (round and accumulated). In order to reduce the time of differentiation, a cell sorting method was used (SdFFF). It allowed us to sort different progenitors (neural / endothelial). Generation of motor neurons using axonal CMT-patient-derived iPSc was a first crucial step to better understand the role of GDAP1 in this pathology. This cellular model of CMT4A should ultimately allow us to perform preclinical drug screening in order to identify candidate pharmacological treatments for CMT patients
Miressi, Federica. "Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathies : from Molecular Genetics to a cellular model of hiPSC-derived motor neurons." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/56675caf-59b3-4af2-ae86-c5e356784128/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0053.pdf.
Full textCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. To date, more than 80 genes have been identified to be involved in CMT, but genetic diagnosis is achieved only in 30-40% of cases. This study presented two main objectives: first, we focused on CMT and associated peripheral neuropathies using molecular and bioinformatic approaches to optimize their genetic characterization ; secondly, we investigated impaired mechanisms in an axonal CMT form, by creating a human cellular model of human induced pluripotency stem cells (hiPSC) and their differentiation into motor neurons (MN).In the first part of the project, we developed a new bioinformatic tool, CovCopCan, to detect Copy Number Variations (CNV), starting from NGS data. Thanks to CovCopCan, two new CNV have been identified and we discuss their involvement in two complex cases of peripheral neuropathy. We also identified three genetic variations in a CMT patient highlighting that CMT can be a multilocus genetic pathology. In the second part of the project, we successfully generated a cellular model of MN for the study of GDAP1 gene and its associated CMT2H form. We reprogrammed dermal fibroblasts of five control subjects and two CMT patients, carrying two different homozygous codon-stop mutations in GDAP1, into human inducedpluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Then, we established a differentiation protocol to generate MN from hiPSC.MN with the GDAP1 p.Ser194* mutation were analyzed by expression, morphological, and functional tests. We confirmed the neural expression of GDAP1, and we suggested that oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment could be responsible for the pathological condition in CMT2H MN. Taken together, our results highlighted that both genetic and functional analyses are essential in the complete characterization of CMT disease
Calon, Maëliss. "Étude des bases moléculaires et cellulaires de la vulnérabilité des neurones moteurs dans l'amyotrophie spinale distale des membres inférieurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS282.pdf.
Full textIntracellular transport alterations can cause neurodegeneration or hinder the development of neural circuits. Dominant mutations in DYNC1H1 (dynein heavy chain) and its partner BICD2, two essential components of intracellular transport machinery, underlie a neurodevelopmental motor neuron disease called spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED). In this disease, motor neurons innervating the limbs are selectively affected, indicating a gradual dependence on intracellular transport among neuronal types and even motor neuron subtypes. My thesis work aimed to study the mechanisms responsible for motor neuron impairment in this disease. By analyzing the first mouse models carrying a SMALED-inducing point mutation in BICD2, I observed that this type of mutation can induce a loss of the BICD2 protein, unlike what is observed in patients. This mutation results in the in-utero death of homozygous embryos, but heterozygous animals, which correspond to the genetic configuration in patients, do not present a phenotype. These results suggest that mouse models of SMALED may, at least in some cases, imperfectly mimic the disease. I therefore developed a complementary human model based on the differentiation into motor neurons of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from SMALED patients. I showed that SMALED mutations do not impact the specification and survival of motor neurons. However, the axonal transport of vesicles involved in neurotrophic factor (NTF) signaling seems affected, as well as the response to GDNF, an NTF essential for muscle innervation and the survival of certain motor neuron groups. My results suggest that SMALED could be due to defects in axonal transport that disrupt the integration of NTF signaling, which is essential for the development and maintenance of locomotor circuits, particularly those controlling the limbs. The development of new conditions for the maturation of human motor neurons during my thesis will provide a better understanding of the links between retrograde signaling by NTF, the development of motor circuits and the deregulation of these pathways in diseases beyond SMALED
Haase, Georg. "Thérapie génique de maladies dégénératives des motoneurones et transfert de gènes dans le nerf lésé." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD05.
Full textDuque, Sandra. "Thérapie génique des maladies du motoneurone à l'aide de vecteurs dérivés des AAV." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077101.
Full textMotor neuron diseases (MND) such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are incurable degenerative disorders characterised by the selective loss of motor neurons (MNs) localised in the motor cortex, the brainstem and/or the spinal cord. To date, there is no treatment for these disorders because of the blood brain barrier (BBB) which hindered the crossing of the therapeutic molecules from the circulation flow to the central nervous System (CNS) parenchyma. New therapeutic strategies, based on gene transfer using viral vectors have thus been developed. This study aimed to evaluate new strategies for increasing the efficiency of MNs transduction using AAV vectors. The fîrst approach bypasses the problem of the BBB by injecting the viral vectors directly into brain areas at the origin of the descending spinal pathways. The injection of AAV vectors expressing therapeutic transgenes into these specific brain structures could indeed lead to the production and traffîcking of therapeutic proteins through descending pathways to the spinal cord by anterograde axonal transport mechanisms. The subsequent secretion of these proteins could thus influence the survival and the activity of the spinal cord MNs. The second approach is based on the systemic administration of a new serotype and genome AAV vectors, the self-complementary AAV9 vector. We identifîed the remarkable ability of AAV9 vectors to transduce cells of the CNS, including MNs, after a single intravenous injection in adult mice. This gene transfer strategy represents an efficient and non-invasive procedure to reach the CNS. This result raises thus great hopes for the treatment of MN disease and other neurological disorders
Books on the topic "Maladie des motoneurones"
R, Dimitrijevic Milan, and Eccles, John C. Sir, 1903-, eds. Upper motor neuron functions and dysfunctions. Basel: Karger, 1985.
Find full textTakao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
Find full text(Editor), John Eccles, and Milan R. Dimitrijevic (Editor), eds. Upper Motor Neuron Functions and Dysfunctions. S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 1985.
Find full text(Editor), T. Kumazawa, L. Kruger (Editor), and K. Mizumura (Editor), eds. The Polymodal Receptor - A Gateway to Pathological Pain (Progress in Brain Research). Elsevier Science, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Maladie des motoneurones"
Sghirlanzoni, Angelo, and Umberto Genovese. "Malattie del I e II motoneurone." In Guida alla valutazione medico-legale del danno neurologico, 133–39. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2074-0_13.
Full textCambier, Jean, Maurice Masson, Catherine Masson, and †. Henri Dehen. "Maladies dégénératives du motoneurone." In Neurologie, 287–95. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-71451-1.00012-1.
Full textCambier, Jean, Maurice Masson, Catherine Masson-Boivin, and Henri Dehen. "Maladies dégénératives du motoneurone central et/ou périphérique." In Neurologie, 335–46. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-78318-0.00017-3.
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