Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladie de la leptospirose'
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Obertin, Stéphanie Rabaud Christian. "Etude clinique et microbiologique à propos de onze cas de leptospirose observés au C.H.U de Nancy entre 1996 et 2003." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_OBERTIN_STEPHANIE.pdf.
Full textEpelboin, Loïc. "Émergence de zoonoses en Amazonie : épidémiologie comparée de la leptospirose et de la fièvre Q en Guyane française." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0013/document.
Full textAmong the numerous infectious diseases of interest in French Guiana (FG), two of them, two zoonoses, have recently experienced a revival of interest leading in a few years to a marked improvement in their knowledge. Several studies allowed as well discovering unexpected epidemiological features that have led us to question their emerging or reemerging character.Although cosmopolitan and with tropical a tropism, leptospirosis has been barely described in FG and on the Guiana Shield. The literature is old and reports only clinical cases or series, the most recent publication dating back to 1995. Several studies are presented in this work which have allowed to know a little more about this bacterial infection: exhaustive review of the literature, retrospective study of the reference national center reports, a retrospective multicenter study on leptos-piroses managed in FG between 2007 and 2014, with analysis of its determinants, demographic, ecological, clinical, sero-epidemiological, and a study comparing Guianese severe forms to those of North Africa.Although its presence had been suspected as early as the 1950s in FG, Q fever or Coxiella burnetii infection had not aroused interest locally until the late 1990s. The work here presents the progression of the knowledge of this bacterial infection, also cosmopolitan, but with unusual local specificities. In the course of the discoveries around this Guianese outbreak, we will present the contribution of our team to the progression of knowledge on this pathology and the contribution of answers bringing as much new questions. Thus the discussion will focus on this particular genotype, MST17, found exclusively in FG, which results in the highest incidence of Q fever in the world, a prevalence among pneumonias never found elsewhere. Moreover, the epidemiological cycle of the bacterium, usually based on livestock, seems to follow a completely different path and find its reservoir in wildlife. We also wonder about the contrast between the major public health problems that this disease represents in FG and the anecdotal character in the rest of Latin America.Finally, although these two zoonotic diseases may be described as "new diseases" in FG, it is likely that leptospirosis presents a recent increase in the number of cases related to the improvement of diagnostic techniques and the sensitization of physicians to this disease, but without real emergence, while Q fever seems to present a true emergent profile, with a recent increase in its incidence, and many unknowns linked to a very particular genotype.Many questions concerning these two infections remain unanswered, and the work is immense to better understand the stakes of these two diseases, both on the scale of FG and that of the Amazonian region and the Latin American continent
Dufour, Anne-Sophie. "Réactions croisées en sérologie de Borréliose de Lyme (IFI et ELISA), étude de trois populations de sérums : syphilis, leptospirose et maladies auto-immunes." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P195.
Full textSuwannin, Patcharapan. "Smart polymeric nanoparticles-based immunodiagnostic platform and biosensor for leptospira detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10180.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a detection tool for leptospiral bacteria capable of detecting them in various samples, such as human urine and blood, as well as water and soil from the environment. The development of a rapid leptospirosis detection method, based on the principle of latex particle agglutination, involved the preparation of polystyrene latex sensitized by adsorption of anti-leptospira antibodies. This method, based on visual observation, demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of leptospira in environmental water samples. Additionally, to increase sensitivity, an electrochemical sensor based on the use of a specific oligonucleotide sequence was employed to detect leptospiral DNA in artificial urine samples. The developed sensor showed very good sensitivity, indicating a detection limit below the attomole (aM) level and no cross-reactions with other bacteria contaminating the urine. This thesis proposes detection methods ranging from simple macroscopic detection to the use of an electrochemical sensor for sensitive and specific detection
Ratet, Gwenn. "Contributions à l’étude de l’échappement des leptospires au système immunitaire : mise en évidence chez la souris de la colonisation rénale chronique à l’aide de leptospires bioluminescents, et rôle de la lipoprotéine LipL21 dans l’échappement du peptidoglycane à la reconnaissance par les récepteurs Nods." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T012.
Full textBiscornet, Leon. "Leptospirosis in the Seychelles : geographic, molecular and epidemiological investigations of a zoonotic disease in a tropical insular environment." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0013.
Full textLeptospirosis is an emerging neglected disease representing a heavy burden in the tropics, especially in tropical islands such as Seychelles, which record among the highest human incidence worldwide. This thesis aims at exploring the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Seychelles by (i) using rats as markers of environmental exposure to Leptospira infection, (ii) describing the molecular epidemiology of the disease in humans and animals in a One Health framework, and (iii) identifying occupational and behavioural risk factors while comparing the current situation to that described 25 years ago. The combination of fine spatial distribution, molecular and clinical epidemiology complement each other in providing a comprehensive picture of the continuum involving reservoirs and human hosts within a shared environment.Habitat fragmentation and proximity to nutritional sources are found good predictors of Leptospira-laden Rattus spp. Geospatial analyses determined a selection of other important variable factors that are strongly correlated with Leptospira infection in Rattus spp., including altitude or distance to surface water (negative correlation), urbanization and heavy rainfall (positive correlation). Results of these analyses can guide policy makers and especially urban planners to best implement landscape structures for conservation or pest control goals leading to reduced exposure of humans to rat-borne diseases.Rattus norvegicus is found significantly more infected than Rattus rattus. Therefore, increased infection in urbanized/fragmented habitats may result at least in part from Rattus spp distribution, as R. norvegicus is mostly found in urban areas. Most importantly, genotyping of Leptospira in human acute cases and rats suggests that these rodents are involved in only a third of human acute infections, while most human cases originate from yet to be identified reservoir(s).An annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7-71.8) per 100,000 confirms the major medical and public health importance of the disease in the country. The disease affects mainly men (96%) and displays a case fatality rate of 11.2%, mostly associated with severe forms (acute renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary haemorrhage). Farming and gardening related activities, proximity to cattle and cats, thrombocytopaenia, leukocytosis, elevated bilirubin and high values for renal function tests are predictors of leptospirosis. The geographical distribution of human cases poorly overlaps districts of high prevalence in rats in keeping with a restricted role of rats in human disease.The comparison of figures reported herein and in previous studies published 25 years ago reveals changes in behaviour and exposure, and shows that the development of health care has lowered the case fatality despite still high disease incidence in the country. A low level of knowledge on leptospirosis is reported, urging the need for implementing health education campaigns. Altogether, the data presented in this thesis strongly supports the implementation of a research program aiming at discovering alternative reservoir(s) to provide a full understanding of the epidemiological situation, which will allow fine tuning preventive measures for an efficient control of a disease that is still recognised as the infectious disease causing the highest mortality in the country
Houemenou, Honoré. "Qualité des eaux souterraines et de surface dans la métropole de Cotonou au sud du Bénin : Implications pour la leptospirose Degradation of groundwater quality in expanding cities in West Africa. A case study of the unregulated shallow aquifer in Cotonou." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0058.
Full textGroundwater from large diameter wells in the Cotonou metropolis (southern Benin) is drawnfrom the Quaternary aquifer, which belongs to the Coastal Sedimentary Basin. This coastal aquifer is particularly vulnerable not only by its shallow nature and therefore risks from anthropogenic activities,but also by its proximity connectivity with a saline lake and contaminated pond waters. Inhabitants of underprivileged areas accounting for approximately 60% of the city's inhabitants are the most exposed to the daily use of this water resource for domestic purposes. Spatio-temporal sampling surveys andphysico-chemical, isotopic and bacteriological analyses helped to describe the current state of the shallow aquifer waters, to identify the main factors and periods at risk of contamination by waterborne diseases,in particular leptospirosis, an emerging zoonosis that is unknown in Cotonou. The aquifer appears to be mainly recharged by local rainfall. But the combined use of environmental tracers (major ions, Cl/Br ratio and stable isotopes), showed that this shallow aquifer is contaminated by salt water from Nokoué Lake during the dry season, by the leaching of solid waste, by wastewater from septic tanks and latrine leaks during rainfall recharge and via the recharge of temporary and permanent ponds. Although the interaction between groundwater and rock minerals contributes to mineralization, some anthropogenic pollutants such as nitrogen and trace elements (Mo, V, Zn and Al) can leach to groundwater or be retained by adsorption to sandy clay sediments in the unsaturated zone. Others, such as Fe and Mn, depend heavily on the redox conditions and the degradation of organic matter. The contaminated waters of Cotonou are a compatible environment for the survival of leptospirosis, especially in the pond waters that are formed at the start of the rainy season. Frequent contact with pond waters during the rainy season exposes the population of Cotonou to the risk of leptospirosis infections. Preventive measures against the risk of contamination of water-borne diseases undoubtedly deserve greater attention from the health authorities in the rapidly expanding populations in the coastal region of West Africa
Jagadesh, Soushieta. "Biogeography of Emerging Infectious Diseases In search for the hotspots of Disease X: A biogeographic approach to mapping the predictive risk of WHO’s Blueprint Priority Diseases Emerging human infectious diseases of aquatic origin: a comparative biogeographic approach using Bayesian spatial modelling Global emergence of Buruli Ulcer Spatial variations between Leishmania species: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species in French Guiana Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0007.
Full textThe COVID-19 pandemic highlights that the spread of infectious diseases goes beyond geographical boundaries. Simultaneous changes in local biodiversity and land use, the increasing international connectivity through human transport and trade and the imminent threat of climate change have increased the risk of the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. The current public health response to emerging infectious diseases (EID) by passive surveillance has proven largely ineffective in preventing and controlling disease outbreaks. The way toward is to “get ahead of the curve” by identifying potential hotspots of disease emergence and detecting the environmental triggers such as land transformation, biodiversity loss and climate change. I used a biogeographic approach to study and analyze disease emergence across different taxonomic pathogen groups such as bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal, globally and in French Guiana, a French Overseas territory located in South America. I found that regions at risk of floods, recent conversion of forest to agricultural lands and increasing minimum temperature (i.e. temperature at night) caused by cli mate change were drivers for disease emergence locally and globally across the different pathogen groups. The main findings of the PhD thesis are the following:1. Biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of EIDs with using existing human cases data, remote sensing imagery and unconventional statistical models is effective to “get ahead of the curve” in the detection of regions at risk and the management of EIDs.2. EIDs are not unprecedented but predictable by identifying and managing the triggers of disease emergence, which have a direct link with the anthropization of the environment
Paixão, Gustavo Manuel Quintela. "Leptospirose Bovina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14086.
Full textCordonin, Colette. "Virulence et spécificité d’hôte de leptospires pathogènes endémiques de Madagascar et ses îles voisines." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0002.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonosis of main medical concern on several islands of southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), some of which recording among the highest human incidence worldwide. Over the last decade, molecular epidemiology investigations carried out under a One Health framework have revealed a wide variety of Leptospira lineages and distinct transmission chains throughout the islands of the region. These islands are home to pathogenic Leptospira lineages and animal reservoirs that are either introduced or endemic to the SWIO region. Interestingly, the regional distribution of Leptospira diversity is associated with (i) a contrasted severity of human cases and (ii) distinct levels of specificity of Leptospira towards their mammalian hosts. Specifically, endemic Leptospira appear less pathogenic in humans and display higher specificity towards their animal reservoirs than their cosmopolitan counterparts. To complete the dataset of Leptospira diversity in the SWIO region, we produced data from bats of eastern Africa. Results support the previously observed pattern of host specificity of Leptospira towards their bats hosts and, overlaid upon the biogeographic history of Malagasy bats, suggest that these volant mammals have colonized Madagascar from continental Africa while hosting pathogenic Leptospira. To better understand the role of distinct Leptospira lineages in the contrasted epidemiology observed in the SWIO, we investigated the pathogenicity of three Leptospira isolates from this region using a hamster model. Leptospira mayottensis and Leptospira borgpetersenii isolates were obtained from Tenrec ecaudatus (tenrec) on Mayotte and Triaenops menamena (bat) in Madagascar, respectively, both mammals endemic to the SWIO region. A Leptospira interrogans strain, which genotype has been reported in the majority of human acute cases on La Réunion, was isolated from the introduced Rattus rattus (rat). In keeping with a distinct severity of the disease on Mayotte and La Réunion, endemic bat-borne and tenrec-borne Leptospira were significantly less pathogenic than the control cosmopolitan rat-borne isolate. The host specificity of the isolates obtained from endemic hosts was addressed using experimental infection of Rattus norvegicus, a known reservoir of pathogenic Leptospira. This animal model was challenged with all three isolates and mostly failed in supporting chronic infection with bat-borne and tenrec-borne Leptospira. Hence, the strong host-specificity of endemic Leptospira toward their hosts observed in the wild likely results from genetic determinants shaped by long-term co-evolutionary processes rather than from ecological constraints such as a lack of physical contact between introduced and endemic animal reservoirs. Finally, we undertook full genome sequencing of regional strains in order to highlight genomic features that may be associated with virulence and host specificity. Whole genome sequencing allowed the accurate classification of Leptospira isolates obtained on SWIO islands. Comparative genomics allowed to identify genes specific to a group or species of Leptospira but complex changes in Leptospira genome make difficult the identification of genomic elements responsible for specific traits such as virulence and host specificity
Herbreteau, Vincent. "Géographie de zoonoses en Thaïlande : de la distribution des rongeurs, vecteurs et hôtes, au risque de transmission." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376326.
Full textUn important travail de terrain a permis de collecter et d'étudier les rongeurs murins dans différents milieux représentatifs de leur diversité. Parallèlement, une enquête conduite dans la province de Phrae a montré la variabilité du système de soins et des comportements de santé. Un Système d'Information Géographique « Rongeurs et santé » centralise l'intégralité des données sur l'ensemble du territoire pour une analyse spatio-temporelle.
Cette recherche a permis de mettre à jour la description et la distribution par télédétection des principaux rongeurs murins thaïlandais ainsi que leur implication dans la transmission de germes pathogènes. La géographie de ces zoonoses reflète des différences de niveau de vie : l'exposition de l'Homme à ces maladies résulte de la chasse et de la consommation de rongeurs mais aussi d'un accès et d'un recours aux soins limités, traduisant ainsi la pauvreté des populations touchées.
Ce travail offre une approche critique des méthodes alliant les outils de la géomatique, l'analyse spatiale et la télédétection, pour l'étude des zoonoses.
Geisen, Vera. "Leptospirose bei Hunden in Süddeutschland." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-104415.
Full textDELVAL, LAURENT. "Leptospirose et insuffisance renale aigue." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M305.
Full textTochetto, Camila. "Aspectos anatomopatológicos da leptospirose em cães." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10125.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira and it is one of the most important diseases with worldwide distribution. Although leptospirosis is recognized as one of the most commonly reported infectious diseases in dogs, there are no morphological criteria to achieve a definitive diagnosis based only on necropsy lesions. The objective of this study is to establish criteria for the pathological diagnosis of leptospirosis. The necropsy files of the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) were acessed and all cases diagnosed as leptospirosis between the years of 1965 and 2011 (n=135) were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry for confirmation of definitive diagnosis was performed only in those cases where the kidney tissue was considered viable in quantity and quality (n=79). The positive cases were identified and correspond to the results shown here (n=53). Main necropsy lesions included icterus (79.2%) and hemorrhage (75.5%), mainly in the lungs (56.6%). Gross hepatic (56.6%) and renal (50.9%) changes were frequently found and were characterized mainly by discoloration (respectively 30.2% and 32.1%), accentuation of hepatic lobular pattern (26.4%) and white streaks in the cut surface of kidneys (22.6%). Extrarenal lesions secondary to uremia occurred in half of the cases (50.9%). Enlarged livers (11.3%), and kidneys (9.4%), and rough renal capsular surfaces (3.8%) were less common findings. In the histopathology of the kidneys (n=53), the encountered lesions (98.1%) were almost exclusively acute or subacute (96.2%) and were characterized by varying degrees of tubular nephrosis (86.8%) and non-suppurative interstitial nephritis (60.4%), with evident degenerativeinflammatory dissociation. In the histopathology of the liver (n=42), the encountered lesions (97.6%) consisted mainly of hepatocellular dissociation (78.6%), intracanalicular cholestasis (33.3%) and hepatocellular necrosis (31%). Reactive lesions, such as Kupffer cell hypertrophy, sinusoidal leucocytostasis and inflammatory mononuclear infiltrate within portal triads were observed in several cases (42.8%). In the histopathology of the lung (n=28), alveolar hemorrhage (85.7%) and edema (57.1%) were rather frequent lesions. Neutrophils and macrophages in the alveolar spaces (35.7%) and neutrophils within small pulmonary vessels (17.9%) were also frequent findings. The findings stemming from the current study should serve as an alert for Brazilian veterinary pathologists, since the pathological presentations of canine leptospirosis in this region (Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) did not change in the last 50 years, and is still similar to that described worldwide up to the decade of 1980 s, but rather different from that currently recognized in the United States, Canada and part of West Europe. We recommend that the histopathological criteria for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis should include the concomitant occurrence of acute or subacute tubulointerstitial nephritis, non specific reactive hepatitis and diffuse alveolar damage, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with capillaritis, in dogs which at necropsy had presented icterus, hemorrhage and extrarenal lesions of uremia without splenomegaly.
Leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por espiroquetas do gênero Leptospira e constitui uma das mais importantes doenças de distribuição mundial. Embora leptospirose seja reconhecidamente uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentemente descritas em cães, não existem critérios morfológicos para a realização do diagnóstico definitivo com base apenas na necropsia. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é estabelecer critérios anatomopatológicos para o diagnóstico da leptospirose. Os arquivos de necropsia do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) foram acessados e todos os casos diagnosticados como leptospirose entre os anos de 1965 e 2011 foram revisados (n=135). Foi realizada imuno-histoquímica para confirmação do diagnóstico definitivo apenas nos casos em que o tecido renal foi considerado viável em quantidade e qualidade (n=79). Os casos positivos foram identificados e correspondem aos resultados aqui demonstrados (n=53). Na necropsia, as principais lesões observadas incluíram icterícia (79,2%) e hemorragia (75,5%), principalmente no pulmão (56,6%). Alterações macroscópicas hepáticas (56,6%) e renais (50,9%) foram frequentes e caracterizavam-se principalmente por descolorações (30,2% e 32,1% respectivamente), acentuação do padrão lobular hepático (26,4%) e estriações brancas na superfície de corte dos rins (22,6%). Lesões extrarrenais de uremia ocorreram na metade dos casos (50,9%). Hepatomegalia (11,3%), nefromegalia (9,4%) e irregularidade da superfície capsular dos rins (3,8%) foram menos comuns. Na histologia dos rins (n=53), as lesões encontradas (98,1%) foram quase que exclusivamente agudas ou subagudas (96,2%) e caracterizavam-se por graus variados nefrose tubular (86,8%) e nefrite intersticial não supurativa (60,4%), com evidente dissociação degenerativo-inflamatória. Na histologia do fígado (n= 42), as lesões encontradas (97,6%) eram constituídas principalmente por dissociação dos cordões de hepatócitos (78,6%), colestase intracanalicular (33,3%) e necrose hepática (31%). Lesões reativas, como hipertrofia das células de Kupffer, leucocitostase sinusoidal e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear nos espaços porta, foram vistas em muitos casos (42,8%). Na histologia do pulmão (n=28), hemorragia (85,7%) e edema (57,1%) alveolares foram muito prevalentes. Neutrófilos e macrófagos nos espaços alveolares (35,7%) e neutrófilos no interior de pequenos vasos pulmonares (17,9%) também foram achados frequentes. Os resultados aqui demonstrados devem servir de alerta aos patologistas veterinários brasileiros, pois a apresentação anatomopatológica da leptospirose canina em nossa região (Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) não se modificou nos últimos 50 anos, mantendo-se semelhante àquela descrita internacionalmente até a década de 1980, mas muito diferente do que é atualmente reconhecido para os Estados Unidos, o Canadá e parte da Europa Ocidental. Recomendamos que os critérios histopatológicos para o diagnóstico da leptospirose canina devem incluir a presença concomitante de nefrite tubulointersticial aguda ou subaguda, hepatite reativa não específica e lesão alveolar difusa, incluindo hemorragia alveolar difusa com capilarite, em cães que durante a necropsia demonstrem icterícia, hemorragias e lesões extrarrenais de uremia na ausência de esplenomegalia.
Don, Axelle Alliot Anne. "La leptospirose clinique, diagnostic et traitement /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=16546.
Full textBenitez, Aline. "Soroepidemiologia da leptospirose em cães domiciliados." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000173201.
Full textThe dog is an important reservoir of Leptospiras of serovar Canicola. In urban areas, due to their close contact with humans, dogs, especially those domiciled, may represent the largest infection source of this zoonosis. The use of microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in surveys with domiciled dogs assists in the detection of circulating serovars in environment and indicates the possible reservoirs of leptospira. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antileptospiras antibodies in 653 dogs from 369 households distributed in the urban area of Jataizinho city, PR, and studied the variables associated with the risk of infection by leptospiras in this animals. The serum samples were submitted to the MAT front 23 patogenic leptospira serovars. From 132/653 (20,21%) reagent dog samples, 15/132 (11,36%) reacted for more than one serovar and it were not possible to determine the most prevalent serovar, and from 117/132 (88,73%) that reacted for only one serovar, the Canicola were considered the more likelly to infection in 89 (76,07%) samples. Variables associated with the risk of this disease were investigated throgh a epidemiological survey was filled for each owner and the obteined data were analysed in EpiInfo statistical program. The significant variables (p≤0,05) associated to leptospirosis seropositivity in domiciliated dogs at Jataizinho city, PR, urban area were: to visualise rats in the domiciliar ambient, adult or old animal, dog`s free street access and contact with stray dogs.
Bier, Daniele. "Distribuição espacial e fatores de risco para leptospirose canina na Vila Pantanal, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/32631.
Full textGRENIER, LESPES MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Rhabdomyolyse et leptospirose : a propos d'une observation." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA3041.
Full textSpohr, Kledir Anderson Hofstaetter. "Leptospirose em ratos urbanos em Londrina, Paraná." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2009. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000149501.
Full textLeptospirosis is a endemic zoonosis, that affects the human population worldwide. Transmission occurs mainly through contact with urine of infected synanthropic rodents from species Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus and Mus musculus that are the reservoirs of Leptospira spp. Dogs are considered important reservoirs in the urban area. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference method for the diagnosis of infection. PCR technique can also be used, but its sensitivity varies with protocol, type of biological sample and primers used. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in 181 Rattus rattus capture in 37 establishments of solid waste recycling and scrap heaps and 57 dogs found in 25 points of rats capture in urban areas of Londrina Paraná, between May and December of 2006. Rats and dogs serum samples were tested by MAT and rat kidney samples by nested-PCR. Among rat samples, serum of 16/172 (9.3%) were reactive in MAT and Pomona was the most probable serovar detected, and from kidney samples, 22/181 (12.15%) were positive in nested-PCR. Only five rats were positive in both techniques. The prevalence of leptospirosis in rats was 33/181 (18,23%). Concerning dogs population, 7/57 (12,28%) presented antibodies against Leptospira spp, and Canicola was considered as the most probable serovar. Infection by Leptospira spp in the rodents studied indicates risk of transmission of the bacteria to the human population in this urban area.
Fagundes, Michel Quevedo. "Avaliação de vacinas recombinantes contra a leptospirose." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1220.
Full textLeptospirosis is considered a global problem regarding both veterinary medicine and public health. In Brazil, the disease has greater impact in vulnerable populations, living in slums of great cities, where high morbidity and mortality occur. This situation requires the establishment of new intervention policies in order to reduce cases. Available vaccines to prevent the disease in humans and animals are notoriously underachieving, producing short term, serovar specific protection and collateral effects. New strategies are being employed to develop novel vaccines against leptospirosis, such as the characterization of recombinant proteins, construction of DNA vaccines, and use of alternative adjuvants. Surface exposed proteins LipL32, LigB, and LigA are highly conserved and found only in pathogenic serovars, therefore these were selected to be used in this study. LigA and LipL32 genes were cloned into the pVAX eukaryote expression vector to be used as DNA vaccines. rLigBNI and rLipL32 were assessed as subunit recombinant antigens using propolis as a co-adjuvant. Hamsters were immunized and the response was assessed through qPCR, ELISA, and lethal challenge. DNA vaccine containing the LipL32 gene, and the subunit rLigBNI vaccine had the highest results in the immune-stimulation assays. Furthermore, these imunogens were able to significantly protect animals against lethal challenge, demonstrating their potential for leptospirosis vaccine development.
A leptospirose é considerada um problema global para a saúde pública e veterinária. No Brasil, a enfermidade possui maior impacto em populações vulneráveis, as quais estão distribuídas nas favelas das grandes cidades, onde tradicionalmente ocorre elevada morbidade e mortalidade. Desta forma, torna-se necessário o estabelecimento de novas efetivas de intervenção para a redução dos casos. As vacinas disponíveis para a prevenção da enfermidade em humanos e animais são comprovadamente limitadas, já que induzem imunidade pouco duradoura e sorovar-específica, além de provocarem efeitos colaterais. Novas estratégias para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra a leptospirose têm sido empregadas, como a caracterização de proteínas recombinantes, a construção de vacinas de DNA e o teste de novos adjuvantes para modulação da resposta imune. Neste contexto, as proteínas de membrana externa LipL32, LigB e LigA foram selecionadas para este trabalho, pois são conservadas e encontradas somente entre sorovares patogênicos de Leptospira. Assim, os genes lipL32 e ligA foram clonados no vetor de expressão em eucariotos pVAX para a obtenção de vacinas de DNA, e as proteínas rLigBNI e rLipL32 foram testadas utilizando o própolis como co-adjuvante na forma de vacinas de subunidade. Após a produção das vacinas, hamsters foram vacinados e a resposta imune foi avaliada através de ELISA, qPCR e desafio. Dentre as preparações testadas, a resposta imune teve níveis mais elevados e significativos para a vacina de DNA contendo o gene lipL32 e para a vacina de subunidade de LigBNI. Além disso, estas vacinas foram capazes de proteger significativamente os animais contra o desafio homólogo, mostrando o potencial destas formulações para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina recombinante para a leptospirose.
THIERCELIN, MARIE-CATHERINE. "Leptospiroses severes : criteres de gravite ; difficultes diagnostiques." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMM018.
Full textGROSPERRIN, LUC. "Leptospiroses humaines : a propos de 47 cas." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA3038.
Full textBRIOIS, DIDIER. "Les formes graves de leptospirose : a propos de sept observations." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM045.
Full textVANDENBUSSCHE, CHRISTIAN. "La leptospirose en france metropolitaine pour l'annee 1988 : etude clinique epidemiologique retrospective a propos de 93 cas." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M429.
Full textPellegrini, Débora da Cruz Payão. "Análise espaço-temporal da leptospirose no município do Rio de Janeiro (1995-1999)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4803.
Full textA leptospirose, uma das zoonoses mais difundidas no mundo, é endêmica no Brasil, sendo caracterizada principalmente pelo aparecimento de surtos nas épocas de maior precipitação pluviométrica. O município do Rio de Janeiro apresentou em 1996 uma das maiores epidemias urbanas logo após ter sido assolada por fortes temporais no mês de fevereiro, com 1792 casos notificados e 51 óbitos. Estes dados refletem a grande importância desta patologia reemergente como problema de Saúde Pública no Rio de Janeiro. Com base neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o padrão espaço-temporal da leptospirose, avaliando uma proposta metodológica para a detecção de aglomerados de casos e delimitação de superfícies de risco, visando auxiliar no desenvolvimento da vigilância ambiental de base territorial. Os métodos utilizados para a análise foram: kernel de intensidade e a estatística de varredura. No primeiro método foram delimitadas áreas de risco utilizando variáveis consideradas relevantes para o estudo como: população, densidade populacional por bairro, distribuição das favelas e os limites das áreas sujeitas a inundações; e também realizada a sobreposição dos mapas de incidência nos momentos epidêmico e pós epidêmico da doença. O segundo método consistiu em detectar e localizar aglomerados espaço-temporais utilizando a estatística de varredura do programa SaTScan. No primeiro artigo verificou-se que as maiores taxas de incidência não foram observadas na região considerada de maior risco .No segundo artigo somente foram detectados aglomerados no ano de 1996. Destes, o aglomerado principal localizou-se em Jacarepaguá. Para verificar as diferenças dos casos presentes nos aglomerados em relação aos demais casos, foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado (2) em algumas variáveis. Somente as variáveis composta gravidade e sexo foram estatisticamente significativas. A gravidade foi maior nos casos não aglomerados. Foi observado também que o número absoluto de casos nas mulheres aumentou significativamente nos períodos epidêmicos.
FRADIN, DOMINIQUE. "Contribution a l'etude des leptospiroses." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1037.
Full textCroda, Julio Henrique Rosa. "Patogênese da síndrome pulmonar hemorrágica na leptospirose humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-25032009-131328/.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in humans and is an important public health problem. Caused by bacteria of Leptospira genus, this disease presents diverse clinical manifestations and is especially important in developing countries. Leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome is the major cause of death in patients with the severe form of leptospirosis. The pathogenic mechanisms of this syndrome are unknown. With the purpose of identifying these pathogenic mechanisms, 30 necropsies (pulmonary samples) from patients with leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome and seven controls were evaluated. . To determine whether the immune system is involved, histology and immunohistochemistry (IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3) experiments were performed on lung tissue samples, as well sera measurements of autoantibodies (against the basal membrane and anti-cardiolipin) were performed in leptospirosis patients with and without pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (in paired samples) and in healthy donors from a blood bank. We found that patients with leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome differed from control pulmonary hemorrhage patients in several features: the presence of moderate to high levels of macrophages in the alveolar space (77% versus 29%, respectively; p = 0.02), the presence of the focal hyaline membrane on alveolar surface (100% versus 0%; p < 0.01), extensive necrosis and regeneration of pneumocyte II cells (100% versus 0%; p < 0.01) and the presence of plasma cells in the alveolar septum (77% versus 29%, respectively; p =0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed in the number of others cells in the alveolar septae. Intact leptospires were rarely detected. Leptospiral antigen was not correlated with the intensity of the lesions. None of the patients showed microscopic evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Immunoglobulin deposits were detected on the alveolar surface of 18/30 leptospirosis patients with pulmonary hemorrhage. Three staining patterns were observed for the immunoglobulins and C3 in the lung tissues of leptospirosis patients with pulmonary hemorrhage syndrom: (A) delicate linear staining adjacent to the alveolar surface, like a membrane covering the luminal surface of type I and II pneumocyte cells; (MF) random, multifocal staining along the alveolar septum; and (I) weak, focal intra-alveolar granular staining.. We were not able to show any significant difference in autoantibodies concentration in the different groups. We found significant difference between the titles of anticardiolipin IgM antibodies in the first and second sera sample from leptospirosis patients with and without pulmonary hemorrhage (p<0.01 e p=0.04, respectively). The increased in the titles of anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies, as well IgG/IgM ratio was observed only in patients with pulmonary hemorrhage(p=0.01 and p=0.01). We concluded that the pulmonary involvement on severe human leptospirosis have particular characteristics, which the morphologic aspect differ from the others causes of lung hemorrhage. It was distinguished by linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement (C3C) on the luminal alveolar surface of pneumocyte I and II cells. This event was associated with pneumocyte I and II cells necrosis, pneumocyte II regeneration and septal and alveolar inflammation
Santos, Ivanildo de Oliveira Correia. "Caracterização ecoepidemiológica da leptospirose humana no Distrito Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22936.
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A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa bacteriana que acomete milhões de pessoas no mundo. Países com clima tropical e vulnerabilidade social encabeçam a lista onde a doença é endêmica. A real proporção do impacto da leptospirose humana no mundo é imensurável, tendo em vista que os dados oficiais representam somente uma parcela da população doente. Fatores ecoepidemiológicos, sociais e políticos são relevantes para a recorrente infecção humana em determinadas áreas. O Distrito Federal (DF), Brasil, é uma das menores unidades federativas e apresenta um dos maiores índices de desenvolvimento humano. O território está distante do que se prioriza como áreas de elevado risco. Contudo, os registros anuais de casos humanos de leptospirose e o alto número de óbitos em decorrência da enfermidade deveriam alertar a sociedade, principalmente as autoridades de saúde pública. As medidas preventivas, de controle e vigilância da doença devem ser permanentes e de amplo acesso. Essas medidas, contudo, serão relevantes se estruturadas de acordo com a caracterização ambiental, sócio-epidemiológica e clínica-patológica da leptospirose humana no DF. Reproduzir medidas utilizadas em outras regiões, assim como direcionar todos os esforços para outras doenças menos letais, é uma negligência à saúde pública e, desse modo, um reflexo dos índices e taxas da leptospirose humana no Distrito Federal.
Leptospirosis is an infectious bacterial disease that affects millions of people around the world. Countries with a tropical climate and social vulnerability top the list where the disease is endemic. The real proportion of the impact of human leptospirosis in the world is immeasurable, given that official data represent only a portion of the sick population. Echo-epidemiological, social and political factors are relevant to the permanent human infection in certain areas. The Federal District (DF), Brazil, is one of the smallest federal units and has one of the highest human development indexes. The territory is far from what is prioritized as high risk areas. However, the annual records of human cases of leptospirosis and the high number of deaths due to the disease should alert society, especially public health authorities. The preventive measures of control and surveillance of the disease must be permanent and widely accessible. These measures, however, will be relevant if structured according to the environmental, socio-epidemiological and clinical-pathological characterization of human leptospirosis in the state. Reproducing measures used in other regions, as well as directing all efforts towards other less lethal diseases, is a neglect of public health and, thus, a reflection of the rates and rates of human leptospirosis in the Federal District.
BUGGIN, DAUBIE MARYLINE. "Etude d'antigenes d'interet protecteur en matiere de leptospirose." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT07VS.
Full textChideroli, Roberta Torres. "Leptospirose Bovina : sorovar Hardjo genótipos Hardjobovis e Hardjoprajitno." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000204847.
Full textBovine leptospirosis is an endemic disease in bovine Brazilian herds, and the cattle are considered the serovar Hardjo maintenance hosts and the clinical manifestations in this species are related to decreased reproductive performance. This serovar has two genotypes: Hardjobovis and Hardjoprajitno. The genotype Hardjobovis belongs to the specie Leptospira borgpetersenii and Hardjoprajitno genotype to the specie Leptospira interrogans. Although both cause reproductive failure in cattle herds around the world, there are epidemiological differences between them. The infection caused by Hardjobovis genotype is characterized by subclinical form, especially causing abortion; while Hardjoprajitno genotype, is more pathogenic causing reproductive problems and also decreased milk production. Although not correspond with the serological classification, currently the best diagnostic methods for leptospirosis are those using molecular tools. The bacterial isolation, the correct characterization and genetic identification are important for understanding the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of the different specie and genotype of Leptospira. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify molecular characteristics through Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and sequencing of the sec Y partial gene of two isolated strains of Leptospira in urine samples from bovine naturally infected of dairy herds. Fifteen dairy cows reagents in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with titles between 100 and 800 for the serovar Hardjo and history of reproductive failure were selected, such as abortion and infertility. The urine samples obtained from each animal were immediately seeded in tubes containing culture medium Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH). The identification of the isolates was performed by Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) technique and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence of gene sec Y. From the 15 urine samples evaluated, two leptospiras were isolated and named Londrina 49 and Londrina 54 strains. The MLVA profile and partial sequencing of gene sec Y characterized the isolates as L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo genotype Hardjobovis differing them from Hardjoprajitno reference strain. Therefore, more studies are needed including isolation and molecular characterization from regional strains to obtain a better knowledge about epidemiology of serovar Hardjo in bovine which may assist in future strategies of prevention and control of bovine leptospirosis.
Hashimoto, Vanessa Yumi. "Epidemiologia da leptospirose bovina no estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000176999.
Full textThe present study aimed to study the epidemiology of Leptospira spp in cattle herds with reproductive activity of the state of Paraná. In this study, the state was stratified into seven producer circuits. The statistic delineation, the serum samples and information regarding of the selected farms, were the same employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Paraná state in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and tuberculosis (PNCEBT). Were determined the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp and their spatial distribution, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with infection in the state. For Paraná state, were tested 14.163 females aged ≥ 24 months from 1.926 nonvaccinated herds. The information required for geoprocessing were obtained during visits to farms, which were applied in epidemiological surveys to obtain epidemiological information and management practices employed and performed the collection of blood samples. For serological diagnosis of infection was used microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 22 serovars of Leptospira spp. The program ArcGIS9 was utilized to construct the final risk map, defining the areas of greatest epidemiological risk of the disease in the state. The prevalence of herds and animals of the state were 54,28% [52,05-56,51] and 37,70% [34,54-40,86]. In the producer circuits, herds and animal seroprevalence were, respectively: circuit 1: 77,74% [72,44-82,45] e 41,13% [34,07-48,20]; circuit 2: 82,50% [77,53-86,76] e 47,29% [39,33-55,25]; circuit 3: 59,49%[53,42-65,35] e 34,89% [27,70-42,09]; circuit 4: 66,06% [60,12-71,65] e 48,09% [41,29-54,89]; circuit 5: 34,77% [29,19-40,67] e 22,96% [14,33-31,60]; circuit 6: 27,60% [22,44-33,24] e 28,59 [18,70-38,48]; circuit 7: 40,08% [34,04-46,35] e 24,43 [15,31-33,56]. Variables related to the characteristic of the animal population and the management of livestock herds are associated with seropositivity to Leptospira spp in state of Paraná. The spatial visualization of the reagents herds in MAT identified the regions northwest/north and southwest as the areas of greatest risk and occurrence of the disease in the state. These results indicate that leptospirosis is widely distributed in the state of Paraná and risk factors related to the characteristics of the properties and management are associated with infection. Were performed a serological, molecular monitoring and isolation attempts in urine samples from a single dairy cattle herd naturally infected with Leptospira spp, consisting of 50 cows in reproductive age, located in north region of Paraná state. The animals had a history of abortions and infertility and had not been vaccinated against leptospirosis. Among november/2009 to april/2011, were performed five blood and urine collections at regular intervals of four mounths. To perform microscopic agglutination test (MAT), blood samples were collected from 50 females of the herd. Among these, were collected urine samples from 20 cows with antibody titles ≥ 100 in MAT to perform n-PCR and culture for bacterial isolation. Additionally, two urine collections were performed in five animals with antibody titles < 100 in MAT to perform n-PCR. The amplified products in n-PCR were sequenced and the identity of the sequences were compared to those deposited in GeneBank, using BLAST program. The serological profile of the evaluated animals considered serovar Hardjo as the most probably in all serum samples tested and the titles detected ranged from 20 to 1600. In all urine collections performed, the presence of positive animals in n-PCR were confirmed. The n-PCR technique was capable of detecting leptospires in urine from animals that had antibody titles ≥ 100 and < 100 in MAT. Urine samples seeded showed no growth of Leptospira spp in evaluations performed weekly. The sequencing performed identified 100% homology with Leptospira interrogans. This study suggests that serovar Hardjo may be considered the most probably serovar circulating in the herdy and the cause of the reproductive problems in the animals studied. The results obtained show that the minimum titles considered positives (≥ 100) in serology of infected cattle, mainly to serovar Hardjo may fail to detect positive animals for leptospirosis. The establishment of other titles as cutoff points for this serovar in MAT and the use of n-PCR can be considered, particularly for the identification of renal carriers, which would allow better control of bovine leptospirosis.
Oliveira, Thaís Larré. "Vacinas contra leptospirose: potencial imunoprotetor do antígeno OmpL37." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3703.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa emergente causada por espiroquetas patogênicas do gênero Leptospira, com complicações humana e veterinária. Essa doença é transmitida através do contato direto com um animal reservatório ou com o ambiente contaminado com a urina destes animais. O desenvolvimento de vacinas seguras e multivalentes contra leptospirose, que substituam as bacterinas existentes, permanece um desafio. Bacterinas são reatogênicas e conferem imunidade sorovar-específica e de curta duração. Esforços para o desenvolvimento de vacinas recombinantes tem focado em proteínas de membrana externa (OMPs). A proteína de membrana externa OmpL37 é conservada entre diferentes sorovares de Leptospira e atua na adesão aos tecidos do hospedeiro. Neste estudo, nós relatamos pela primeira vez, a avaliação do potencial imunoprotetor de OmpL37 como antígeno vacinal em hamsters, sob diferentes estratégias: vacina de subunidade, vacina de DNA e prime-boost. A caracterização da resposta imune através de ELISA indireto e qRT-PCR demonstrou que os maiores níveis de IgG foram estimulados pela vacina de subunidade, a qual também induziu resposta inflamatória. A vacina de DNA falhou em induzir imunidade humoral, porém também estimulou TNF-α. Apesar da resposta induzida, nenhuma formulação protegeu significativamente os animais contra a doença.
Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira genus, of human and veterinary concern. This infectious disease is transmitted through direct contact with an animal reservoir or an environmental contaminated with their urine. The development of safe and multivalent vaccines against leptospirosis, which replace existing bacterins, remains a challenge. Bacterins are reactogenic and afford serovar specific and short-term immunity. Efforts to develop recombinant vaccines against leptospirosis have focused on outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The outer membrane protein OmpL37 is conserved among different Leptospira serovars and plays a role in adherence to host tissues. In this study we report for the first time, the evaluation of OmpL37 immunoprotective potential as a vaccine antigen in hamsters, under different strategies: subunit vaccine, DNA vaccine and prime-boost. The characterization of the immune response by indirect ELISA and qRT-PCR showed that higher levels of IgG were stimulated by the vaccine subunit, which also induced an inflammatory response. The DNA vaccine failed to induce humoral immunity, but also stimulated TNF-α. Despite the induced response, no formulation significantly protected the animals against the disease.
GUYOT, SALAS SYLVIA. "Etude epidemiologique des cas de leptospirose traites en franche-comte en milieu hospitalier de 1981 a 1987 : 117 cas." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3019.
Full textBlanco, Roberta Morozetti. "Avaliação da glicolipoproteína como antígeno para sorodiagnóstico da leptospirose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-12042007-152310/.
Full textThe aim of this work was the study of serologic response against leptospira glycolipoprotein (GLP) for the purpose of standardizing its use as an antigen on serological tests to diagnose human leptospirosis. Among the proteins involved in the pathogenicity, GLP is yet to be studied regarding its immunogenicity and its use as an antigen in the detection of specific antibodies. That led to our standardization of dot-ELISA for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies, using GLP extracted from either pathogenic Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni or nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc. Paired serum samples were taken from 90 patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis, by MAT, with the first samples collected on the disease\'s acute phase and the second samples after a period of 10 to 15 days. We also tested single samples taken from 30 patients with other diseases, MAT negative, belonging to the control group. Detection rates for IgG antibodies were unsatisfactory, so the study for that use was discontinued. The dot-ELISA IgM results yielded 100% sensitivity on the samples taken after MAT seroconversion. The early detection pattern was evidenced by the high positivity rate on the samples taken during the disease\'s acute phase (76,6% dot-ELISA using Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni antigen and 90% using Leptospira biflexa sorovar Patoc antigen). Specificity rates were high (96.6%), although a 3.3% rate of false-positive results was observed for dot-ELISA using both antigens. The present study revealed the importance of the humoral immune response against the GLP antigen. The use of GLP, on the dot-ELISA test for IgM antibodies afforded a simple, quick and effective diagnosis.
MASMOUDI, CHAABANE SONIA. "Leptospirose et hemorragies intra-alveolaires : a propos d'un cas." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M163.
Full textLeon, Germana Farias Ponce de. "A disseminação da leptospirose na cidade de Joinville-SC." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86040.
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Este trabalho se inscreve no campo de conhecimento da geografia da saúde e objetiva compreender o processo de disseminação da leptospirose na cidade de Joinville-SC. Essa zoonose é uma doença infecciosa que tem como agente causador a bactéria do gênero Leptospira, que necessita de um hospedeiro sadio e de um ambiente líquido para a sua sobrevivência em meio externo. O rato é um reservatório, considerado como maior disseminador dessa endemia nos centros urbanos. A leptospirose, que pode levar o indivíduo à morte, tem sido de grande representatividade na cidade de Joinville que foi considerada, desde a época do império, como insalubre por sua propensão a periódicos alagamentos e por uma infra-estrutura precária. Atualmente, apesar de seu desenvolvimento econômico, ainda apresenta deficiência nas políticas públicas de saúde no que concerne ao tratamento de esgoto. Dessa forma, Joinville é vista como uma cidade que apresenta risco ambiental em função dos seguintes fatores propiciadores à essa disseminação: áreas com propensão a alagamentos, ocupação em planície de inundação, rios receptores de esgoto in natura, esgoto a céu aberto e o modo de vida da população representado por crianças que brincam em áreas com esgoto a céu aberto, pessoas que alimentam ratos em seus lares, pessoas que recebem visitas freqüentes de roedores em seus domicílios e os catadores de resíduos sólidos que se expõem às patologias. Com base nessa compreensão, é possível dizer que a propensão às enchentes em Joinville é um fator que se soma aos demais, não sendo, porém o único que contribui para o processo de disseminação da leptospirose.
Costa, Federico. "Estudos ecológicos sobre reservatórios urbanos de leptospirose em Salvador." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4194.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-07-18T19:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Federico Costa EStudos ecológicos sobre reservatórios....pdf: 1462379 bytes, checksum: 12cd0ac366f256448b7800dbac8ca53a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
A leptospirose é um importante problema de saúde urbana devido às epidemias anuais que ocorrem em comunidades carentes e à alta mortalidade associada às formas graves. Os ratos são considerados os principais reservatórios na transmissão urbana. Entretanto, não existem estudos que sistematicamente definam os fatores de infestação por ratos e as características ambientais que influenciam o risco de transmissão da leptospirose. Objetivos: 1) Determinar a associação entre infestação por roedores e infecção por Leptospira em um estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em uma comunidade carente de Salvador-BA. 2) Desenvolver e validar um escore domiciliar baseado em características da infestação de ratos para predizer o risco de leptospirose em Salvador. Métodos: Para o objetivo 1 realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle aninhado numa coorte longitudinal onde foram definidos como domicílios-casos aqueles que tiveram um ou mais indivíduos com infecção assintomática por Leptospira. Controles foram domicílios aleatoriamente selecionados daqueles que tiveram indivíduos sem infecção. Avaliaram-se domicílios registrando sinais de infestação por roedores e características ambientais e foi realizada regressão logística para identificar fatores de risco para infecção. Para o objetivo 2 desenvolveu-se um estudo caso-controle 1:2, onde domicílios-casos foram aqueles nos quais residiam pessoas (casos) com leptospirose. Utilizou-se metodologia similar a do objetivo 1 para avaliar e analisar fatores de risco. Adicionalmente foi desenvolvido um escore preditivo baseado no modelo de regressão logística que foi validado num grupo independente de domicílios-casos e controle. Utilizaram-se curvas características de recepção (ROC) para analisar o desempenho preditivo do escore. Resultados: Objetivo 1: Registrou-se elevado nível de infestação por Rattus norvegicus (>45%). Identificaram-se como fatores de risco de infecção: fezes de R. norvegicus (OR 4.6 IC 95% 1.9-10.7), tocas (OR 2.8, IC 95% 1.1-7.3), parede do domicilio sem reboco (OR 2.5, IC 95% 1.1-7.4) e renda domiciliar per capita (OR 0.9 por US$/dia, IC 95% 0.8-0.9). Objetivo 2: Achamos uma elevada proporção (>44%) de domicílios infestados. Os fatores de risco independentes para leptospirose foram tocas, fezes de Rattus norvegicus, trilhas, casa abandonada <10m e domicílio sem reboco. Designaram-se valores de escore para cada fator de risco (3, 3, 2, 2 e 2 respectivamente). A área sob a curva ROC foi 0,70 (IC95%, 0,64-0,76) para o grupo de desenvolvimento e 0,71 (95; 0,65-0,79) para o de validação. Conclusões: Foi identificada uma elevada proporção de domicílios infestados com R. norvegicus. Os fatores de risco para infecção por Leptospira e leptospirose grave foram similares. Foi definido e validado um escore preditivo que identifica domicílios de elevado risco dentro de comunidades com transmissão endêmica de leptospirose. Estes achados sugerem que a triagem da infestação por roedores e a identificação de domicílios de risco, podem constituir ações de uma estratégia recomendável para dirigir intervenções de controle de roedores em populações de risco.
Leptospirosis is a relevant problem of urban health because of the epidemics occurring in cities throughout the developing world and the high mortality associated with severe disease. In urban areas, leptospirosis is transmitted to humans by the rodent Rattus norvegicus. However, there are no studies that systematically defined rodent infestation factors and environmental characteristics that influence the risk for Leptospirosis transmission. Aims: 1) To identify environmental risk factors for asymptomatic or subclinical Leptospira transmission. 2) To develop and validate a household score based on rodent infestation characteristics to predict leptospirosis risk in Salvador. Methods: For aim 1 a nested case-control study was conducted in the study site. A household was regarded as a case household if at least one new Leptospira infection occurred among cohort subjects. Control households were randomly selected and households were surveyed for signs of rodent infestation and environmental characteristics. We used conditional logistic regression modeling to identify risk factors for Leptospira infection. For aim 2 we developed a case-control study (1:2), where case households were households in which leptospirosis cases resided. Control households were located within 30m of a case-household. We used similar methodology to that in aim 1 to identify and analyze risk factors for leptospirosis. Additionally, we used the logistic regression model to develop a predictive score for leptospirosis that was validated in an independent group of cases and control households. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the performance of the prediction score. Results: Aim 1: we identified a high level of R. norvegicus infestation (>45%). We identified the following independent risk factors: R. norvegicus feces (OR 4.6 CI 95% 1.9-10.7), burrows (OR 2.8, CI 95% 1.1-7.3), unplastered walls (OR 2.5, CI 95% 1.1-7.4) and household per capita income (OR 0.9 for each US$ per day increase, CI 95% 0.8-0.9). Aim 2: more than 44% of the households presented rodent signs. Independent risk factors for acquiring leptospirosis in a household were rodent burrows, Rattus norvegicus feces, rodent runs, household bordering an abandoned house, and unplastered walls. A prediction score was developed by assigning points (3, 3, 2, 2 and 2 respectively) to each risk factor. The area under the ROC curve for the scoring system was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64-0.76) and 0.71 (0.65-0.79) for the development and validation datasets. Conclusions: Our study indicates that high proportions of urban slum households are infested with R. norvegicus. Risk factors for asymptomatic Leptospira infection and severe leptospirosis were similar. The prediction score showed good performance in identifying high-risk households for leptospirosis. These findings suggest that community-based screening for rodent infestation can be a strategy to target rodent and environmental control measures to populations at highest risk for leptospirosis
Felix, Samuel Rodrigues. "Leptospirose animal: estudos para o desenvolvimento de vacinas recombinantes." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2497.
Full textLeptospirosis is a disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the Leptospira genus. This zoonosis of worldwide distribution causes veterinarian and public health issues, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates. In veterinary medicine, leptospirosis is important both as a clinical problem, causing illness in domestic animals, and an economic problem, causing productive and reproductive losses in commercial herds. Vaccination of these animals is applied, however protection conferred by these conventional vaccines is limited, and the carrier status is not always avoided. Recombinant outer membrane proteins seem to be the most promising antigens to replace the traditional bacterins (whole cell inactivated preparations), but thus far none of the tested proteins have turned satisfactory results. The goal of this study was to assess recombinant antigens and vaccine preparations, regarding their capability of producing protective immunity in hamsters, against lethal leptospirosis. Moreover, heterologous protection was sought, and assessed. The prevalence anti-Leptospira antibodies in stray dogs from the city of Pelotas was assessed using serogroups Icterohaemorrhagie and Canicola antigens. Several experiments were conducted to assess the protective potential of previously described leptospiral proteins. Twenty seven proteins were used to immunize hamsters which were then challenged with virulent Leptospira. Furthermore, leading vaccine candidates, LipL32 and LigB, were assessed regarding their protective potential when co-administered with traditional bacterins in previously established heterologous challenge experiments. A total of 28.96% of the animals tested were seropositive for the disease in the prevalence assay. Of the 27 antigens tried, two were shown to have some protective potential. Although no protection was demonstrated in the coadministration experiment, leptospiral bacterins seem to have some immunestimulating activity.
A leptospirose é uma doença causada por espiroquetas do gênero Leptospira. É uma zoonose de ampla distribuição geográfica, sendo um problema de saúde pública e veterinária, principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento de clima tropical e subtropical. Em medicina veterinária, a leptospirose é uma doença importante tanto para a clínica quanto para a produção, devido ao risco à saúde pública, perdas reprodutivas e óbitos. A vacinação animal é realizada como medida de prevenção da enfermidade, entretanto, a proteção conferida pelas vacinas comerciais é limitada e não evita a condição de portador. Os antígenos protéicos da membrana externa parecem ser a melhor alternativa para substituir as vacinas atualmente disponíveis, porém, após diversos estudos, nenhum apresentou resultados satisfatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar antígenos recombinantes e preparações vacinais, capazes de conferir proteção de amplo espectro, em hamsters, contra leptospirose letal. A prevalência da leptospirose em cães da cidade de Pelotas foi aferida em um ensaio de diagnóstico sorológico usando como antígeno cepas dos sorogrupos Icterohaemorrhagie e Canicola. Em uma série de experimentos de prospecção de alvos, grupos de hamsters foram vacinados com diferentes proteínas recombinantes e posteriormente desafiados com cepa virulenta de Leptospira sp. Após o desenvolvimento de modelo para avaliação de proteção contra desafios heterólogos, as proteínas rLipL32 e rLigBNI foram avaliadas quando coadministradas com bacterinas (preparações de células inteiras inativadas por calor) em hamsters, sofrendo posterior desafio com quatro cepas de sorogrupos diferentes. Uma soroprevalência de 28,96% foi encontrada nos ensaios de prevalência. Duas de 27 proteínas recombinantes triadas foram identificadas como possíveis imunógenos. Apesar da falta de proteção demonstrada no experimento de coadministração de proteína e bacterina contra desafio homólogo ou heterólogo, a bacterina parece ter ação imunoestimulante.
Furquim, Maria Eduarda Chiaradia [UNESP]. "Análise retrospectiva de exames sorológicos de leptospirose animal executados no Laboratório de Leptospirose e Brucelose da Unesp, câmpus Jaboticabal, de 2007 a 2015." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146687.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com o intuito avaliar a frequência de aglutinas anti-Leptospira dentre as amostras analisadas no Laboratório de Brucelose e Leptospirose da Unesp, Câmpus Jaboticabal, realizou- se uma investigação retrospectiva dos resultados de exames sorológicos para diagnóstico de leptospirose entre os anos de 2007 e 2015. Neste período foram recebidas 24.483 amostras bovinas, 1.855 amostras equinas, 819 amostras caninas, 532 amostras ovinas, 230 amostras caprinas e 123 amostras suínas. As amostras bovinas provinham de 21 estados brasileiros e a frequência de reagentes foi de 35,30% (IC 95%: 34,70% - 35,90%), sendo o sorogrupo Sejroe o mais relevante. Das amostras caninas, a maioria foi originaria do Estado de São Paulo e a frequência de amostras reagentes foi de 23,93% (IC 95%: 21,01% - 26,85%), sendo o sorogrupo Canicola o mais relevante. Nos equinos, a frequência de amostras reagentes encontrada foi de 46,95% (IC 95%: 44,68% - 49,23%), sendo o sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae o mais importante nesta espécie. A frequência de reagentes encontrada nas amostras das espécies ovina, caprina e suína foi 7,32% (IC 95%: 5,12% - 9,55%), 1,30% (IC 95%: 0,0044% - 3,764%) e 6,03% (IC 95%: 1,70% - 10,37%), respectivamente, e o sorogrupo de maior ocorrência nesses animais foi Icterohaemorrhagiae. Tais resultados permitem confirmar o caráter endêmico da leptospirose em território brasileiro, bem como evidenciar a importância dos hospedeiros de manutenção do agente na disseminação da doença.
In order to evaluate the frequency of anti-Leptospira agglutinins among the samples analyzed in the Leptospirosis and Brucellosis Laboratory, Unesp, Jaboticabal Campus, a retrospective investigation of the results of serological tests for leptospirosis between the years 2007 and 2015 was performed. During this period, 24,483 bovine samples, 1,855 equine samples, 819 canine samples, 532 sheep samples, 230 goats samples and 123 swine samples were received. Bovine samples came from 21 Brazilian states and the frequency of reactors was 35.30% (95% CI: 34.70% - 35.90%) and serogroup Sejroe was the most relevant. Of canine samples, most were originally from the state of São Paulo and the frequency of reacting samples was 23.93% (95% CI: 21.01% - 26.85%), the serogroup Canicola was the most relevant. In horses, the frequency of reagent samples was found to be 46.95% (95% CI: 44.68% - 49.23%), the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most important in this species. The frequency of reactors among of sheep, goats and swine samples was 7.32% (95% CI: 5.12% - 9.55%), 1.30% (95% CI: 0.0044% - 3.764%) and 6.03% (95% CI: 1.70% - 10.37%), respectively, and the serogroup most frequent in these animals was Icterohaemorrhagiae. These results confirm the endemicity of leptospirosis in Brazil, as well as highlight the importance of the agent maintenance hosts in the dissemination of the disease.
Furquim, Maria Eduarda Chiaradia. "Análise retrospectiva de exames sorológicos de leptospirose animal executados no Laboratório de Leptospirose e Brucelose da Unesp, câmpus Jaboticabal, de 2007 a 2015 /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146687.
Full textResumo: Com o intuito avaliar a frequência de aglutinas anti-Leptospira dentre as amostras analisadas no Laboratório de Brucelose e Leptospirose da Unesp, Câmpus Jaboticabal, realizou- se uma investigação retrospectiva dos resultados de exames sorológicos para diagnóstico de leptospirose entre os anos de 2007 e 2015. Neste período foram recebidas 24.483 amostras bovinas, 1.855 amostras equinas, 819 amostras caninas, 532 amostras ovinas, 230 amostras caprinas e 123 amostras suínas. As amostras bovinas provinham de 21 estados brasileiros e a frequência de reagentes foi de 35,30% (IC 95%: 34,70% - 35,90%), sendo o sorogrupo Sejroe o mais relevante. Das amostras caninas, a maioria foi originaria do Estado de São Paulo e a frequência de amostras reagentes foi de 23,93% (IC 95%: 21,01% - 26,85%), sendo o sorogrupo Canicola o mais relevante. Nos equinos, a frequência de amostras reagentes encontrada foi de 46,95% (IC 95%: 44,68% - 49,23%), sendo o sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae o mais importante nesta espécie. A frequência de reagentes encontrada nas amostras das espécies ovina, caprina e suína foi 7,32% (IC 95%: 5,12% - 9,55%), 1,30% (IC 95%: 0,0044% - 3,764%) e 6,03% (IC 95%: 1,70% - 10,37%), respectivamente, e o sorogrupo de maior ocorrência nesses animais foi Icterohaemorrhagiae. Tais resultados permitem confirmar o caráter endêmico da leptospirose em território brasileiro, bem como evidenciar a importância dos hospedeiros de manutenção do agente na disseminação da doença.
Mestre
Carrijo, Renata de Saldanha da Gama Gracie. "O efeito da escala geográfica na análise dos determinantes da leptospirose." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2008. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5042.
Full textPara a Saúde Pública a escolha da escala não obriga definitivamente a escolha de uma unidade de agregação, mas limita principalmente do ponto de vista da visualização do padrão de distribuição da incidência de agravos. A unidade de agregação representa para Saúde Pública os limites territoriais, que serão utilizados nos cálculos: de medidas de freqüência, dos indicadores sócioeconômicos, da população de referência, etc. Assim, a escolha da escala e da unidade de agregação interfere nos resultados dos estudos, que espacializam processos de saúde e doença. A motivação para desenvolver este trabalho surgiu da hipótese de que os determinantes de alguns agravos teriam correlações diferentes de acordo com a mudança de escala apontando que dependendo da escala analisada alguns indicadores serão mais importantes do que outros para compreensão da ocorrência de doenças. Segundo essa hipótese, utilizou-se como exemplo a Leptospirose, que apresenta ocorrência em diversas partes do mundo, mas possui diferentes padrões de transmissão em variados tipos de ambientes. Pretendeu-se neste estudo discutir o uso de diferentes escalas para análises epidemiológicas e ambientais da leptospirose apontando quais os determinantes e suas composições que melhor explicariam o padrão de distribuição da doença no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no município do Rio de Janeiro e na Região Administrativa de Jacarepaguá, usadas como base para agregação de dados.
Foram utilizados mapas digitais dos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, dos bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro e dos setores censitário da região administrativa de Jacarepaguá no Rio de Janeiro. Os casos de leptospirose,obtidos através do SINAN foram georreferenciados para o município do Rio de Janeiro através de um programa de georreferenciamento desenvolvido noLaboratório. Para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram utilizados os números decasos consolidados pelo SINAN. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência para astrês escalas analisadas e alguns indicadores sócio-econômicos e ambientais, tais como: Classificação de altitude e/ou área inundável; Proporção de domicílios ligados à rede de abastecimento; Proporção de domicílios com pelo menos 1 banheiro; Proporção de domicílios com coleta de lixo; Proporção da populaçãoresidente em áreas de favela; Proporção de uso do solo entre outros.Posteriormente foram avaliadas as associações estatísticas entre indicadores por meio de testes não-paramétricos. As correlações apresentaram resultadosestatisticamente significativos e apresentaram diferenças entre as três escalas escolhidas e entre os períodos endêmicos e epidêmicos.
Santos, Luciane Amorim. "Leptospira interrogans sorovar Copenhageni e Icterohaemorrhagiae: relação evolutiva, diferenças genéticas e associação com desfecho clínico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12085.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A leptospirose é a zoonose mais disseminada mundialmente por infectar diversas espécies diferentes de animais mamíferos. Apresenta 22 espécies identificadas, sendo dez patogênicas, cinco intermediarias e sete saprofiticas, além de apresentar mais de 250 sorovares diferentes. Em Salvador, Leptospira interrogans sorovar Copenhageni é a causadora da epidemia urbana na cidade e apresenta ratos como seu hospedeiro reservatório. As formas clínicas da leptospirose podem variar de assintomática a formas graves. As manifestações clínicas mais graves envolve o desenvolvimento da síndrome Hemorrágica pulmonar severa, e óbito do paciente. Estudos para entender as diferenças genéticas entre as diferentes espécies e sorovares é de extrema importância para identificar fatores de virulência da bactéria, genes que possam está associado aos diferentes formas clinicas, e sua capacidade de se adaptar aos diferentes ambientes. Neste trabalho foi estudado o genoma de dois importantes serovares de L. interrogans, o sorovar Copenhageni e o serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, e suas diferenças genéticas e associação com dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. Um total de 141 isolados tiveram seus genomas sequenciados. Foi construindo e validado um pipeline para a o mapeamento e construção dos genomas e a identificação de SNPs e Indels. Os resultados encontrados demostraram um alta similaridade entre os isolados dos dois serovares, de diferentes regiões geográficas e isolados em anos diferentes. As sequências deste estudo se mostram conservadas ao longo do tempo sem apresentar nenhuma mutação associada as diferentes forma clínicas da doença, indicando que outros fatores, tais como os do hospedeiro, podem estar envolvidos na diversidade de sintomatologia. Na comparação do genoma dos isolados de L. interrogans, sorovar Copenhageni e sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae foi identificado apenas uma mutação que as difere geneticamente. Essa mutação está presente no gene LIC12008 que produz uma proteína hipotética, e que a sua avaliação in silico demostrou estar envolvida na síntese de LPS, justificando assim as diferenças encontradas no teste serológico. Além disto, também foram avaliadas as diferenças entre 20 das 22 espécies de Leptospira, para identificar possíveis fatores de virulência e genes que possam estar envolvidos na patogênese e adaptação da bactéria ao ambiente. Estudos de fatores genéticos da Leptospira pode auxiliar ao manejo da doença, com uma melhor assistência e terapia para os pacientes, desenvolvimento de vacinas e diagnostico desta doença negligenciada.
There are 22 different species of Leptospira spp. in which 10 are pathogenic, 5 intermediate and 7 saprophytic species. In Salvador the Leptospira interrogans sorovar Copenhageni is the main serovar detected, responsible for the urban epidemics, and has rats as their main host. The clinical manifestations of leptospirosis can vary from asymptomatic form to severe disease like pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome, and death. Studies to understand de genetic differences among the species and serovars are of great importance to identify virulence factors, genes that could be related to the different clinical manifestations and its capacity to adapt in different environments. Here, the genome of two epidemiologically important serovar of the L. interrogans, the serovar Copenhageni and serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, and their genetic differences and the association of these differences with epidemiological and clinical data were studied. A total of 141 strains were genome sequenced. A pipeline for the genome mapping and variant call were constructed and validated. The results showed a high similarity among the strains from both serovars from different geographic locations and year of isolation. The sequences from this study showed to be very conserved, not presenting any mutation associated with the different clinical outcome, indicating that other factors, like host factors, could be related to the diversity of clinical outcome. Only one genetic mutation was detected in the genome comparison of the strains belonging to the L. interrogans sorovar Copenhageni and sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. This mutation was found in the gene LIC12008 that produce a hypothetical protein, in which its in silico analysis reviled that this protein could be related to the LPS synthesis, justifying the serological test differences between the two serovar. Besides that, the differences between 20 of the 22 species of Leptospira identified were evaluated to detect possibly virulence factors and genes that could be involved in the pathogenesis and adaptation. Studies of the Leptospira virulence factors can give support to the disease management, giving a better assistance and treatment to the patients and developing vaccines and better diagnostic for the neglected disease
Oliveira, Teresa Vieira dos Santos de. "Fatores socioambientais associados a eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos na incidência de leptospirose no município do Rio de Janeiro, 1997 a 2009: um estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13934.
Full textEsta tese realiza uma análise de fatores socioambientais que contribuem para a incidência da leptospirose no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Teve como objetivo analisara relação da incidência da leptospirose no Município do Rio de Janeiro por Região Administrativa, no período de 1997 a 2009, frente às variabilidades climáticas, analisando os eventos extremos, ocorridas neste período associados aos fatores socioeconômicos. O Município do Rio de Janeiro (MRJ) têm 33 Regiões Administrativas (RAs), porém este estudo analisou 30 RAs, na série histórica de 1997 a 2009, através dos Índices: Epidemiológico através das variáveis: casos e óbitos da leptospirose;Socioeconômicos analisados pelas variáveis: renda, educação, coleta de lixo,abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário e Climatológico através das variáveis: temperatura máxima e mínima, dias de chuva e precipitação. Ao final foi construído um Índice Total de Risco (ITR) para a doença no MRJ, que poderá ser utilizado para estudar outras doenças. Após o resultado do ITR, foram selecionadas dez Regiões Administrativas divididas em dois grupos: as cinco com maior risco e as cinco com menor risco.De acordo com o estudo observou-se que as Regiões Administrativas que detém o maior risco: Madureira, Campo Grande, Jacarepaguá, Méier e Ramos. E as de menor risco: Copacabana, Centro, Botafogo, Lagoa e Portuária Observou-se que os fatores que mais influenciam na incidência da leptospirose no Município do Rio de Janeiro é a deficiente coleta de lixo, quando concomitante com a variação pluviométrica contribuem de maneira efetiva para a elevação do índice da doença, ficando assim, a população de baixa renda mais vulnerável.
Straube, Martin. "Vorkommen von Leptospiren in Tierbeständen zoologischer Gärten." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4747/index.html.
Full textOlive, Stéphanie. "La leptospirose ictéro-hémorragique en 1994 : analyse et commentaire d'un dossier." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M185.
Full textInglard, Marie. "La leptospirose humaine a l'ile de la reunion : a propos de 82 cas." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M040.
Full textEtchepareborde, François. "Les leptospiroses au Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque entre 1989 et 1996." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M057.
Full textMoreira, Josué de Oliveira. "Leptospirose humana no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil : abordagem socio-ambiental." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1332.
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Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of increasing interest within the Public Health area, caused by microorganisms of Leptospira gender. In this study, clinical and epidemiological features of infections transmitted by leptospira were reviewed, as well as the environmental and social factors included in Fortaleza?s urban space, from 2001 to 2004, according to data obtained from the notifications and obit reports information systems (SINAN and SIM). The research verified that this disease is more likely to affect male people, in productive age (20 to 49 years-old), and with low professional qualification. Most common clinical features were: fever, myalgia, headache, jaundice, nausea and vomit, diarrhea, and renal failure. April was the month when leptospirosis and its resulting obits most occurred, which can be associated to the high pluviometric index. State hospitals were responsible for 79.6% of hospitalizations. The disease was spread in 69.7% of the districts, and among these 31.3% registered obits. All of the six Region Executive Departments (SER?s) registered the illness, and SER V showed the higher number of cases. Socio-economic aspects of the population, district environmental degradation over time, uncontrolled urbanization process, mostly in the areas where infrastructure lacks, and basic sanitation, and unsuitable habitations collaborated to increase the disease in Fortaleza.
A leptospirose e uma zoonose de relevante interesse na area da Saude Publica, causada por microrganismo do genero Leptospira muito comum em Fortaleza - CE. Foi analisada retrospectivamente, a base de dados sobre leptospirose do Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao e do Sistema de Informacao de Mortalidade no periodo de 2001 a 2004. Verificou-se que a doenca acomete predominantemente pessoas do sexo masculino, em idade produtiva (20 a 49 anos), trabalhadores com baixa qualificação profissional. As manifestacoes clinicas mais comuns foram: febre, mialgia, cefal?ia, ictericia, nausea/vomito, diarreia e insuficiencia renal. Os hospitais da Rede Publica Estadual sao responsaveis por 79,6% dos internamentos. O mes de abril foi o de maior ocorrencia e obitos no periodo estudado, o que pode estar ligado ao alto indice pluviometrico do mes. A leptospirose esta dispersa em 69,7% dos bairros e destes 31,3% registraram ocorrencia de obitos. Todas as seis Secretarias Executivas Regionais (SER) estiveram envolvidas com esse agravo, a SER-V destacou-se com o maior numero de casos. Os aspectos socio-economicos da populacao, a degradacao do meio ambiente dos bairros ao longo do tempo, o processo de urbanizacao descontrolada, principalmente nas areas de maior carencia em infra-estrutura e saneamento basico e habitacoes inadequadas contribuiram para o aumento da doenca em Fortaleza.
Oliveira, Augusto César Aragão. "Identificação etiológica de quadros dengue-símile no Ceará, no ano de 2008." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6884.
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Dengue is the most important arborvirosis in the world, causing approximately 100 millions cases of classical dengue fever (DF) and more than 250.000 of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), annually. The dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and its infection causes a wide clinical spectrum ranging from assymptomatic forms to severe manifestations, potentially fatal, as in hemorrhagic forms or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Most of times the disease presents inespecific symptoms. Thus, DF is difficult to distinguish from other acute febrile illnesses, including arboviral ones and leptospirosis, based only on clinical criteria. Given this, the aim of this study was to identify the etiology of 82 patients with clinical picture of dengue-like illness, negative in DENV isolation. The virus isolation was done in Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará (LACEN-CE), Brazil, in 2008. In the present study, the serum samples from these patients were evaluated for dengue infection by IgM-ELISA (PanBio Diagnostics®) and RT-PCR, following Lanciotti et alli protocol (1992). Negative samples to dengue infection were tested to leptospirosis by IgM-ELISA (PanBio Diagnostics®). Seventy-three patients were also tested for hantavirus infection by IgM and IgG by ELISA and RT-PCR. Dengue infection was diagnosed in 35 patients (35/82; 42.68%) of which all were positive in IgM-ELISA, and 4 were also positive in RT-PCR. Of 47 (47/82; 57.32%) DENV-negative samples, only 43 were tested to evaluate lesptospiral infection because of insufficient sample volume. Six patients (6/82; 7,32%) were positive to leptospirosis in the IgM-ELISA. Three patients were positives to hantavirus infection, but only 1 (1/82; 1,22%) was positive in the IgM-ELISA and the two others, in the IgG-ELISA. Thirty and five patients (35/82; 42,68%) remained negative em all tests. They were classified as having other febril illness (OFI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantavirus infection in humans in the state of Ceará, Brazil. These diseases, including leptospirosis, may cause infection clinically indistinguishable from DF and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses in this setting.
A dengue é a arbovirose mais importante no mundo, causando mais de 100 milhões de casos de dengue clássico (DC) e mais de 250 mil casos de febre hemorrágica da dengue (FHD), anualmente. A infecção com o vírus dengue (DENV), família Flaviviridae, causa um amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas que variam desde formas assintomáticas a quadros graves, potencialmente fatais, como os casos hemorrágicos e/ou de choque hipovolêmico. Na maioria das vezes, a doença se apresenta com sintomas inespecíficos. Dessa forma, torna-se difícil diferenciar a dengue de outros casos febris de natureza infecciosa como leptospirose, febre amarela e outras arboviroses, apenas com base nas manifestações clínicas iniciais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a etiologia de 82 pacientes com quadro clínico semelhante ao de dengue e com resultado negativo no isolamento viral (IV) para o DENV. O IV foi realizado pelo Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará (LACEN-CE), em 2008. Neste estudo, as amostras desses pacientes foram avaliadas para dengue por meio da detecção de anticorpos específicos contra o vírus pela técnica de IgM-ELISA (PanBio Diagnostics®) e pela reação em cadeia da polimerase após transcrição reversa (RT-PCR). As amostras negativas para dengue foram testadas para a detecção de anticorpos IgM específicos contra bactérias do gênero Leptospira por ELISA (PanBio Diagnostics®). Foram testadas também amostras de 73 pacientes quanto a infecção por hantavirus, através da detecção de anticorpos específicos (IgM e IgG) contra antígenos de hantavírus e RT-PCR. Trinta e cinco pacientes (35/82; 42,68%) foram positivos para dengue, sendo que destes, todos foram positivos no IgM-ELISA e 4 foram positivos também no RT-PCR. Das 47 amostras dengue-negativas, apenas 43 foram testadas para infecção por Leptospira devido ao volume insuficiente das amostras. Seis pacientes (6/82; 7,32%) foram positivos IgM-ELISA para leptospirose. Três pacientes foram positivos para hantavírus, entretanto apenas 1 (1/82; 1,22%) foi positivo no IgM-ELISA e 2, no IgG-ELISA. A infecção dos 35 (42,68%) pacientes negativos em todos os testes de detecção de infecção aguda foi classficada como síndrome febril indiferenciada (SFI). Esta é a primeira evidência de infecção por hantavírus no Estado do Ceará. Essas doenças podem causar infecção clinicamente indistinguível da dengue e, portanto, deveriam ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial no contexto dessas síndromes febris.
Pujol, Fabiana Pelagio. "Mecanica ventilatoria na hemorragia pulmonar da leptospirose sob ventilacao invasiva." Sao Paulo : [s.n.], 2005. http://10.188.1.43/lildbi/docsonline/6/5/156-Tese%5FCCD%5FPujol,FP%5F2005.pdf.
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