Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maladie chronique du foie'
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Sebagh, Mylène. "Dysfonctionnements immunitaires chroniques après transplantation hépatique : récidive des maladies hépatiques auto-immunes et rejet chronique." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T041.
Full textGOIDIN, DESCAMPS ISABELLE. "Hepatopathie chronique avec hypertension portale induite par la vitamine a." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M164.
Full textKemgang, Fankem Astrid Donald. "Interactions foie-intestin dans la cholangite sclérosante primitive." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS157.
Full textPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by fibro-inflammatory lesions of bile ducts. PSC is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous data have shown that IBD results from an imbalance of gut microbiota and immune system equilibrium. Such a mechanism can contribute to PSC pathogenesis. The most widely used animal model for the study of PSC, Mdr2-/- mice, do not spontaneously develop IBD. However, experimental colitis can be induced by administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). First, we performed a clinical study to analyze gut microbiota in PSC patients. Our results show that PSC patients displayed not only a bacterial but also a fungal gut dysbiosis, characterized by a strong disruption in bacteria-fungi correlation network. Second, we performed an experimental study to develop an animal model of PSC-IBD (Mdr2-/- mouse with colitis induced by DSS) to assess the impact of colitis and liver disease on each other. Our results show that the induced colitis is more severe in Mdr2-/- mice than in wild type mice, whereas colitis improved fibro-inflammatory lesions in liver of Mdr2-/- mice. This work shows for the first time the importance of the fungal gut microbiota in PSC associated dysbiosis, as well as the complexity of interactions in the gut-liver axis in this disease
Hyrailles, Valérie. "La biopsie hépatique par voie transjugulaire chez les malades ayant un déficit constitutionnel de la coagulation et une hépatopathie chronique virale C : évaluation de la faisabilité, du risque de complications et intérêt pour la stratégie thérapeutique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11133.
Full textMaylin, Sarah. "Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C dans le foie et les cellules mononuclées du sang : nouvelle approche pour étudier l'éradication virale, la sévérité de la maladie et la réponse au traitement." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077252.
Full textHajdari, Shefqet. "Fonctions des protéines HP1 dans l'homéostasie du foie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT079.
Full textChromatin is known for its essential role in establishment and maintenance of cellular identity. Accordingly, disturbances in chromatin’s dynamics are common events in cancers. Chromatin structure and dynamics is highly dependent upon HP1, small non-histone chromosomal proteins that are known to be involved in heterochromatin silencing but also in gene expression regulation, DNA replication and DNA damage repair. To better characterize HP1 functions in mammals, we have studied the consequences of the inactivation of the corresponding genes in mice. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated that inactivation of either HP1a or HP1g lead to a high predisposition of mice to develop tumors specifically within liver. Hence, we established mice models allowing simultaneous inactivation of HP1a/HP1b and HP1a/HP1g specifically within hepatocytes. These models (HP1abliverKO and HP1agliverKO) displayed a significant increased incidence of tumor development within liver, demonstrating that HP1 are liver specific tumor suppressors. Histological analysis of HP1abliverKO livers showed defects that resembled those observed in a human liver pathology known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by an increase of steatosis, followed by an increased inflammation and the development of fibrosis that finally leads to tumors in old animals. In the case of HP1agliverKO mice, even though inflammation and tumor development were observed, this was not linked with steatosis, strongly suggesting that the underlying mechanisms are specific of each HP1 isoform. In order to reveal molecular mechanisms, we did expression analysis in the liver of 5 weeks old mice, which revealed a strong enrichment of genes encoding for members of the KRAB-ZFP of transcriptional repressors family within genes regulated by HP1ag or HP1ab. This result is of particular interest since it is known that these repressors are regulated by the corepressor TRIM28 which has been shown to require its interaction with HP1 to fulfill its functions suggesting a loop of auto-regulation between HP1, TRIM28 and KRAB-ZFP. Using mice expressing a TRIM28 protein unable to interact with HP1 specifically within hepatocytes, we demonstrated here that the disruption of the interaction between TRIM28 and HP1 lead to spontaneous development of tumors within liver and to over-expression of the same KRAB-ZFP as those deregulated in HP1abliverKO and HP1agliverKO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) pinpointed that TRIM28 and HP1 are inter-dependently recruited to the 5’ and/or 3’ ends of KRAB-ZFP genes to regulate their expression. We also observed deregulation of some cancer related genes, such as Tert (Telomerase reverse transcriptase), Nox4 (NADPH oxidase 4), AR (Androgen receptor), GPC3 (Glypican3), Arid1a (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1A), and interestingly these alterations are depended upon the inactivated HP1 isotype, reflecting distinct molecular oncogenesis. In order to elucidate the possible impact of HP1 on global organization of the nucleus, I performed immunofluorescence analysis in the liver cryosections of 5 weeks old mice. Our data suggest that constitutive heterochromatic features (H3K9me3) are replaced by facultative heterochromatic features (H3K27me3) in absence of HP1ag and that heterochromatic pericentric foci tend to slightly be delocalized. Finally, to better understand the chromosomal rearrangements profile in HP1-dependent liver tumor, we performed Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in old tumoral liver. As anticipated, multiple events of gain and loss in copy number variations (CNV) in subchromosomal regions were observed, especially for chromosomes 4, where some KRAB-ZFP members are affected. Altogether, our data demonstrated that HP1 are liver-specific tumor suppressor. They also suggest that HP1 main function within liver is to regulate TRIM28 activity and thereby regulate the expression and repression activity of KRAB-ZFP and ultimately liver homeostasis
Delarocque, Astagneau Élisabeth. "Contribution à la connaissance de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite C et des facteurs de progression de l'hépatite chronique C vers une maladie sévère du foie, en France." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T095.
Full textTrepo, Eric. "Role of genetic factors in the progression of fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209659.
Full textLes travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont permis de montrer que :
1) Le CRS avait la capacité de prédire la progression de la fibrose chez des patients caucasiens ayant une HCC dans 2 cohortes européennes indépendantes.
2) Par ailleurs, dans la MAF, nous avons répliqué chez des patients caucasiens l’association entre le SNP rs738409 dans le gène PNPLA3 et la cirrhose. Nous avons également montré pour la première fois, que l’expression de PNPLA3 était significativement diminuée chez les patients avec une fibrose plus avancée. De plus, nous avons observé dans 2 cohortes européennes que rs738409 était également associé à la prévalence du CHC.
3) Enfin, nous avons également mis en évidence l’impact de ce même SNP sur la stéatose hépatique et la fibrose dans l’HCC sans toutefois qu’il influence la réponse à la thérapie antivirale dans 3 cohortes caucasiennes indépendantes.
Ainsi de manière remarquable, un même SNP (rs738409) apparait associé à des lésions hépatiques sévères dans les trois pathologies hépatiques chroniques les plus fréquentes (la MAF, l’HCC et la NAFLD). Ceci suggère des voies pathogéniques communes de la fibrogénèse hépatique. Par ailleurs, ces travaux soulignent indirectement que les GWAS ont la capacité d’ouvrir de nouvelles voies physiopathologiques et d’identifier de nouveaux variants, gènes ou région génétiques capables de constituer de nouveaux biomarqueurs et cibles thérapeutiques dans l’HCC et la MAF.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Chicherova, Ievgeniia. "Netrin-1 and neurons in hepatocellular carcinoma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2022. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60r9pbg.
Full textChronic liver inflammation can lead to chronic liver diseases (CLD), including hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common malignant primary liver tumor and is the 3rd most common cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. Regardless of the etiological factor all CLDs share numerous common patho-physiogycal mechanisms: unfolded protein response (UPR), chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Using animal model and clinical samples we studied another common denominator of CLDs and HCC, which is the system of axon guidance cue netrin-1 and its dependence receptors UNC5s. Netrin-1, known as pro-oncogenic in other solid tumors, is induced during hepatic inflammation, and the pro-apoptotic signal of UNC5 receptors is attenuated with overall increased ligand/receptor balance in cirrhosis and HCC. Chronic inflammation is mediated by multiple actors of the immune system. The implication of autonomic nervous system (ANS) in hepatic inflammation and CLD progression remains poorly understood. Looking at the involvement of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuronal signals in the cirrhosis and HCC, we observed the reshaping of the balance between intrahepatic sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) nervous systems. In vivo model of cirrhotic HCC showed the progressive establishment of cholinergic orientation throughout the different stages of fibrosis. The overall cholinergic signal of HCC was associated with anti-inflammatory microenvironment and poorer survival in patients. The observed CLD-to-HCC progression in vivo was accompanied by the overexpression of immature neuronal markers in HCC. Altogether, we showed that the parasympathetic arm of the ANS is implicated in the patho-physiology of HCC, and encourage for the use of ANS-targeting drugs in HCC studies, many of which are clinically safe and well characterized. Trying to establish the connection between pro-survival and chemotactic netrin-1 and intrahepatic ANS, we found the positive association between netrin-1/UNC5s and cholinergic signal in HCC. Netrin-1 targeting by the monoclonal antibody NP137, currently studied in the clinical trials in the treatment of advanced solid tumors, showed remodeling of ANS orientation, confirming the sensitivity of ANS to netrin-1/UNC5 axis in the hepatic pathological context. The most common molecular anomalies in HCC in the TERT promoter and CTNNB1 gene, showed an association with netrin-1/UNC5 system, whereas mutations in T53, the well-known regulator of NTN1 and UNC5s expression did not show any implication in netrin-1/UNC5 axis reshuffling in clinical HCC samples, also unsensitive to functionality status of p53. In average, CTNNB1-mutated clinical samples correlated with adrenergic polarity of HCC, whereas TP53 mutations appear to be positively associated with cholinergic polarity of HCC. Taken together, my thesis results suggest the putative pro-cancerogenic role of the netrin-1 and the implication of the neuroregulation via ANS in the CLD and HCC development
Deltenre, Pierre. "Hépatite C: contribution à l'évaluation de l'histoire naturelle et à la prise en charge thérapeutique de l'hépatite chronique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209708.
Full textLes travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont permis d’identifier des critères virologiques autorisant l’arrêt d’un traitement inefficace dès le terme de la 4ème semaine chez les malades présentant des transaminases normales et chez les malades non répondeurs à un premier traitement, de quantifier la perte de chance de réponse virologique lorsque la durée du traitement est limitée à 24 semaines chez les malades infectés par un génotype 1, d’évaluer la place de l’amantadine dans l’arsenal thérapeutique, de quantifier l’impact d’une insulino-résistance sur le taux de réponse virologique, de contribuer à l’élaboration d’une stratégie thérapeutique permettant une meilleure tolérance hématologique chez les malades hémodialysés et de quantifier l’impact des polymorphismes de l’interleukine 28B sur le taux réponse virologique des malades infectés par un génotype 2 ou 3. Nos travaux ont également permis de mesurer l’impact d’une consommation excessive d’alcool sur la morbi-mortalité liée au virus de l’hépatite C à l’échelle d’une population et de quantifier l’impact des mesures thérapeutiques actuelles et de stratégies thérapeutiques alternatives sur cette morbi-mortalité.
Au cours de la prochaine décennie, le traitement de l’hépatite chronique C sera articulé autour des molécules antivirales spécifiques agissant directement contre le virus de l’hépatite C. De nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques intégrant la cinétique virale et les marqueurs génétiques prédictifs de la réponse virologique soutenue devront être élaborées afin d’offrir les meilleures chances d’éradication virologique au plus grand nombre de malades.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
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Azar, Fida. "Rôle de la protéine ADAMTS12 dans la progression des maladies hépatiques chroniques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1B001.
Full textChronic Liver Diseases (CLDs) are associated with the development of fibrosis and characterized by excessive deposit of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to cirrhosis and increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During liver injury, an inflammatory response activates the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), whose function in normal liver is to store Vitamin A. Once activated these cells lose their vitamin A and transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts which produce ECM components among them proteins of the adamalysin (ADAM and ADAMTS) family. This family of metalloproteinases is implicated in several functions in the normal and pathological liver, and several members contribute to ECM remodeling in liver pathologies. Once the injury subsides, senescence and other mechanisms contribute to HSC clearance or reversion. Recently, we identified ADAMTS12 as an adamalysin potentially involved in CLD progression. The purpose of this study was to decipher the cellular functions of ADAMTS12 in HSCs and its role in CLDs. We found that in HCC patients, the expression of ADAMTS12 is associated with aggressiveness and recurrence. ADAMTS12 was expressed by activated HSCs as well as the HSC-derived LX-2 cell line, but not by the hepatocytes. CCl4-induced fibrosis was exacerbated in ADAMTS12 -/- mice. Transcriptomic analysis of the HSC-derived LX-2 cell line showed a down-regulation of the expression of PAI-1, a gene target of TGF-β and a marker and mediator of senescence upon ADAMTS12 silencing (siADAMTS12). TGF- β activation from its precursor was not affected in this model, although the phosphorylation of smad2 was decreased, suggesting that ADAMTS12 silencing leads to an inhibition of the SMAD-dependent TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, silencing of ADAMTS12 decreased senescence in LX-2 cell line. Furthermore, RNA-seq data showed an up-regulation in genes implicated in the organization of primary cilium upon ADAMTS12 silencing. Immunodetection of the protein ARL13b, a primary cilium component, showed an increase in the number of cilia and a decrease in their length in siADAMTS12 cells. Additionally, ADAMTS12 silencing in LX-2 increased the G1 to S transition. Our results suggest that in the absence of ADAMTS12, HSCs escape senescence, which render them competent for myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation
Harb, Zeinab. "Effets de l’inflammation viscérale dans deux modèles de stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH) induite par la programmation foetale ou la carence en donneurs de méthyles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0027/document.
Full textDeficiency of methyl donors (folic acid and vitamin B12) (MDD) during pregnancy and lactation produces non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in animals fed high fat (HE) diet, despite histological and metabolic normalization by a normal diet between weaning (J21) and puberty (J50). The microbiota can trigger inflammation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by inadaptation of Toll-like receptor activation 4 (TLR4). Our basic assumption is that MDD, HE diet, microbiota LPS and intestinal inflammation (Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) model) as triggers and innate immunity as a modulator are part of the same scenario leading to NASH. Deficient rats (MDD), whether or not exposed to the high-fat diet in adulthood (HE) and whether or not exposed to two inducers of local and systemic inflammation, DSS (intestinal inflammation) or LPS (systemic effects intestinal inflammation) were studied. We did not observe alterations in innate immunity (TLR4) in the MDD/DSS, MDD/HE and MDD/HE/LPS groups. Inflammation observed in the intestines in MDD/DSS rats is also observed in the liver, with steatosis and activation of the inflammasome and chemokine MCP-1 and IL-1beta. Surprisingly, this systemic effect does not involve the TLR4 pathway and its ligand LPS even when the rats were exposed to LPS directly at the peritoneal level. Our study conclude that NASH favored by the systemic effects of Intestinal inflammation is mediated by MCP-1/IL-1β, but not by activation of TLR4 by translocation of LPS. Since innate immunity is not involved even by the direct injection of LPS, the respective and synergistic effects of MDD diet, HE diet and LPS remain to be decribed thereafter
Coll, Jacques. "La maladie polykystique du foie : à propos d'une maladie de Caroli et d'une polykystose hépato-réno-pancréatique." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11006.
Full textAmédée-Manesme, Olivier. "Étude des réserves vitaminiques A chez des enfants atteints de cholestases chroniques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112242.
Full textThe live is essential for storage (90 %) and regulation in Vitamin A Metabolism. Our work is divided in three parts: 1) Methodology: two methods are presented: A) on HPLC with determination of the retinol and the rétinyl ester on the same chromatogram; B) the relative dose response which is a non invasive method evaluation of liver stores. 2) Diagnosis: these methods are used in children with liver cholestasis. They show that: - children with chronic cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional status very early in life relative to liver reserves of vitamin A; - plasma vitamin A values, unless < 10 μg retinol/dl, are much less sensitive indicators of inadequate status; - liver retinol concentration and rétinyl ester percentage are constant in humans; - relative dose response test is used with success in children with liver disease by intravenous injection. 3) Treatment: - intramuscular injection of rétinyl palmitate in a water miscible solution increase to a normal level of the liver concentration. – Relative dose response test can be used for treatment evaluation. This work is an application to a medical problem of modern biochemical dosages
Nguyen-Khac, Eric. "Maladie alcoolique du foie : génétique, diagnostic, et thérapeutique." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED006.
Full textMoullec, Grégory. "Dynamique des construits psychologiques et maladie chronique." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON14003.
Full textHautbois, Corinne. "Granulomatose septique chronique mimant une maladie de Crohn." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11003.
Full textCassinotto, Christophe. "Diagnostic et évaluation de la gravité des maladies chroniques du foie : impact de l’elastographie par ondes de cisaillement « supersonic shear imaging »." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0231/document.
Full textAbstract :The management and the prognosis for chronic liver diseases are widely based on the presence and the development of a liver fibrosis. The progressive worsening of liver fibrosis leads in a certain number of patients to the development of cirrhosis and its complications. Thus, the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools for the diagnosis and the monitoring of the liver fibrosis is of crucial interest. Liver elastography is one of the most promising techniques that have recently emerged in the field of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new elastography technique, named “Supersonic Shear Imaging” (SSI), and toanalyse its added value in the non invasive diagnosis of chronic liver diseases.In a first study, we prospectively analysed and compared the diagnostic performances of SSI elastography versus FibroScan and ARFI for the staging of liver fibrosis in a cohort of 349 patients with chronic liver diseases that consecutively underwent a liver biopsy. In a second study, we prospectively analysed the impact of liver and spleen SSI elastography in a cohortof 401 cirrhotic patients for the non invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis severity and oesophageal varices.In a third study, we assessed the clinical use of liver stiffness measurement evaluated by SSI, FibroScan,and ARFI in a cohort of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients who underwent liver biopsy. A total of 291 NAFLD patients were prospectively enrolled at 2 French university hospitals (Angers and Bordeaux)
Cailleux, Frédéric. "Impact du microbiote intestinal dans la maladie alcoolique du foie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067652.
Full textLemmers, Arnaud. "Transition de l'immunité innée à l'immunité adaptative au cours des maladies chroniques du foie: implication de l'axe "Pattern recognition" récepteurs - Interleukine-6-Th17." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210331.
Full textSi l’inflammation se perpétue, par exemple en cas de défaut de clairance de l’agent microbien ou de trouble de l’intégrité de la barrière muqueuse, l’inflammation peut devenir chronique. L’IL-6 exerce alors un rôle central dans la transition de l’immunité innée à l’immunité adaptative, en modulant différentiellement l’expression de chimiokines et l’apoptose des cellules immunes menant au remplacement de l’infiltrat neutrophilique par un infiltrat lympho-monocytaire. Par ailleurs, ce climat cytokinique particulier est propice au développement de lignées spécifiques de lymphocytes tels que les lymphocytes T CD4+ sécrétant de l’IL-17 (Th17). Ceux-ci, surtout étudiés dans les défenses anti-bactériennes et fungiques, et dans les maladies autoimmunes, ont été incriminés dans les phénomènes de cytotoxicité et de renouvellement inflammatoire par l’induction d’expression de chimiokines.
Une fois la barrière intestinale franchie, le foie est le premier organe en contact avec la flore microbienne issue de l’intestin. Certains TLRs ont été démontrés impliqués dans la physiopathologie de la stéatohépatite et dans le processus de fibrose. Ce climat constant d’exposition antigénique est associé en cas de maladie chronique du foie à une exacerbation d’expression de médiateurs infammatoires (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα).
Nous avons étudié la modulation d’expression des différents TLRs au cours d’un modèle de maladie alcoolique du foie chez la souris. Cette étude démontrait qu’il existait une majoration d’expression des TLR1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 et 9 dépendante du stress oxydatif suite à l’exposition chronique du foie à l’alcool ;celle-ci entraînant davantage de lésions hépatiques lors de l’injection des ligands respectifs de ces différents TLRs.
Dans ce contexte, nous avons également étudié l’expression des différentes sous-unités du récepteur à l’IL-6 au cours de deux maladies chroniques du foie chez l’homme :les maladies alcooliques du foie et l’hépatite C chronique. Nous avons mis en évidence que les taux plasmatiques d’IL-6 et de la forme soluble de gp130 augmentaient au cours des maladies chroniques du foie, de manière corrélée à la sévérité. Nous avons également démontré l’effet inhibiteur de sgp130 sur la réponse de phase aiguë dépendante du trans-signaling de l’IL-6 in vitro. Ces données suggèrent que sgp130 contribue au déficit de réponse de phase aiguë observé chez les patients atteints de cirrhose.
Par ailleurs, vu le contexte « cytokinique » chronique des maladies alcooliques du foie (IL-1 et IL-6), nous avons étudié l’activation de la voie de l’interleukine-17 et des Th17 au cours des maladies alcooliques du foie chez l’homme. Nous avons mis en évidence qu’il existait une activation de cellules circulantes sécrétant de l’IL-17 (comprenant des Th17) au cours de la cirrhose alcoolique stable. Par contre, au sein du foie, l’activation de cellules sécrétant de l’IL-17 était davantage augmentée lors de l’hépatite alcoolique. Nous avons également mis en évidence que les cellules stellées (cellules responsables de la fibrose hépatique) stimulées à l’IL-17 recrutaient les neutrophiles suite à l’expression d’IL-8 et de GROα. Cette nouvelle voie inflammatoire démontrée lors d’une maladie du foie chez l’homme met en évidence l’activation de la voie de l’IL-17 au cours des maladies alcooliques du foie et sa contribution potentielle au recrutement hépatique de neutrophiles au cours de l’hépatite alcoolique aiguë. Cette voie sera explorée dans l’avenir en termes de fonctionnalité et de potentielle cible thérapeutique.
En conclusion, tout comme le suggère la littérature pour les maladies autoimmunes (maladie de Crohn, arthrite, sclérose en plaque), il semble que les maladies alcooliques du foie partagent avec ces dernières diverses caractéristiques inflammatoires. La flore microbienne intestinale participe à la physiopathologie des lésions hépatiques, de même que l’activation de PRR (TLR). Par ailleurs, un climat inflammatoire chronique (IL-6,…), contre-régulé par certains mécanismes (sgp130), est associé à la présence périphérique et hépatique de lymphocytes Th17. Cette dernière découverte ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie des maladies alcooliques du foie, et peut-être de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques concernant l’hépatite alcoolique aiguë.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Laviolette, Louis. "Les femmes et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23752/23752.pdf.
Full textAractingi, Selim. "Immunopathologie de la maladie chronique du greffon contre l'hôte." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077159.
Full textVAN, HYFTE RAPHAELLE. "Le lymphooedeme chronique hereditaire : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M026.
Full textLecordier, Didier. "Les intermittents de la maladie : analyse sociologique du vécu des personnes atteintes d'une maladie chronique." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2029/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the life experience of people living with chronic illnesses in order to understand the status given to chronic illness and to question it. Starting with an egohistory to situate the sociological work carried out by an engaged nurse, both in his profession and nursing science, the concept of chronic disease is examined for its meaning and its use throughout history. The empirical sociological analysis is based on two surveys: the first focuses on patients with heart failure, the second on those with Steinert's disease. Data and analysis of data according to the principles of Grounded Theory lead to the production of two interpretive models of the phenomenon. The first supports another way of qualifying bodily sensations that the dichotomy: normal or pathological. The second proposes a typology of the temporality of the patients that questions the way of thinking the chronicity of the diseases according to a continuum. The results are mobilized in the field of health and in particular that of nurse researchers and practitioners
Fournier-Meklat, Isabelle. "Syndrome hyperéosinophilique essentiel chronique. Manifestations cardiaques, pulmonaires et hépatiques (à propos de 4 cas)." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11090.
Full textDesjardins, Lucie. "Marqueurs de risque des complications de la maladie rénale chronique." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0013.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem due to the constant increase of its incidence. In particular, CKD patients are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease further the accumulation of molecules called uremic toxins. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate risk markers of CKD complications in a cohort of patients at different CKD stages by evaluating some uremic toxins and some non-invasive techniques to determine their potential associations with vascular and biochemical parameters, global and cardiovascular mortality. In this study, we demonstrated that the kappa and lambda free light chain, sclerostin and β2 microglobulin (ß2M) levels were increased in early CKD stage and culminated in dialysis patients. Free light chain and sclerostin levels were associated with inflammation markers but not with vascular parameters. These levels appeared to be associated with mortality, but this association disappeared after adjustment for other factors. On the other side, we have demonstrated that the ß2M levels were independently associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality in our cohort and cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis patients. In addition, we demonstrated that the addition of vascular calcification scores (especially the coronary artery calcification score) to TRFs appears to improve CV risk assessment in a CKD population.This work identified several important markers of CKD complications, as ß2M and measurement of vascular calcification scores. The addition of these two markers in routine practice could improve the prediction of cardiovascular risk and mortality in this population
Cohen-Scali, Jonathan. "La maladie chronique comme recomposition du social : diabète, malades, experts." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10051/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to describe chronic illness using the example of type 2 diabetes. Firstly, diabetes is comprehended by a medical approach in connection with epidemiology, public health, politics and economy, here referred to as « medical worlds ». These medical worlds belong to the neoliberal ideology which defines the individual as rational. Then, diabetes is perceived by testimonies given by diabetic people, reflecting « real life » with the illness in its social dimension, here referred to as « patient worlds ». Type 2 diabetes, emblem of a chronic condition, is a disease of civilization, of a way of life, which affects individuals in multiple dimensions of their every day life, such as the domestic sphere and food habits. Living with a chronic condition is a common hardship which associates auto control and reflexivity, and which puts in contact patients and medical actors in a repetitive and prolonged manner. This questions the roles of each as defined in Parsons's functionalist theory. For the patients, these interactions are part of the social world; they show how care working is an important concern, particularly during the retirement period. The confrontation of these two worlds help to understand chronic illness, described as the contemporary face of illness. The chronically ill individual allows to make the hypothesis that he is an advanced figure of the contemporary individual. This work outlines a care logic, which is close to care theories
Gilormini, Graziella. "La maladie somatique chronique à l'adolescence : apprivoiser l'étrange en soi." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC029.
Full textThe object of this work of thesis is a reflection on the way the subject can build itself in the adolescence, with its disease. I leave the postulate that about is the somatic chronic disease, mechanisms would be common to all the teenagers confronted with this disease " since always there ". My research work leans on seven teenagers hospitalized in our unity care-studies. The process of subjectivation for these teenagers implies to compose with a " work of the disease ". A possible work of subjectivation of the parents as " parents of a sick child " can allow them not to find itself in dead end in their search for identity. It is a question for these teenagers of regaining control the history of their disease to provide subject future. After the burglary aroused by the disease arrives the puberty, one moment of physical changes which does not save the teenagers affected by a chronic disease, in spite of the fantasy of some patients in this connection. The sick body becomes a pubescent body with the disease and with the juvenile reorganizations. It seems necessary that a feeling of envelope " good enough " was able to establish during the childhood, to allow the teenager not to feel too much not secure. I meet the teenagers in a particular context: they are hospitalized for care, but also for their studies, and are thus separated from their family. The teenager makes a commitment from then on in an initiative of care, first step towards a demand of reflection to arrest better his disease and understand how to build itself with her. Our work of accompaniment also supports them thus in the process of subjectivation, by committing for certain teenagers a real subjective reintegration
COSCHIERI, MARC. "La maladie de wilson : a propos de 7 observations dont deux avec transplantation hepatique." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6807.
Full textMarty-Ané, Bruno. "Apports de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique dans la maladie hydatique du foie." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11024.
Full textMarquis, Karine. "Facteurs de risque de la maladie cardiovasculaire chez les patients atteints d'une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25524/25524.pdf.
Full textBrock-Jung, Sylvie Bigard Marc-André. "Anticorps antigliadine, antitransglutaminase et antiendomysium circulants chez une population de patients cirrhotiques marqueurs de la maladie coeliaque asymptomatique ou conséquence d'une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_BROCK_JUNG_SYLVIE.pdf.
Full textLENEVEZ, NORBERT. "Tyrosinemie de type i : a propos d'une observation a symptomatologie chronique hepato-renale." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET6225.
Full textAllaire, Joakim. "Évidence de dommages oxydatifs musculaires dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ51108.pdf.
Full textThériault, Marie-Eve. "Altération de la régénération musculaire dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27055.
Full textSkeletal muscle regeneration is altered in skeletal muscles of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with an irreversible and a progressive airflow obstruction. In COPD, the loss of muscle mass has a significant impact on quality of life and is associated with premature death. Many biochemical factors have been proposed to trigger and perpetuate the skeletal muscle atrophy in COPD. The maintenance of peripheral muscle mass may be compromised in patients with COPD due to premature cellular senescence and exhaustion of the regenerative potential of the muscles. Shortening of telomeres in patients with COPD is consistent with an increased number of senescent satellite cells and an exhausted muscle regenerative capacity, compromising the maintenance of muscle mass in these individuals. Muscle mass maintenance relies on the delicate regulation between protein degradation, synthesis and the addition of new myonuclei from satellite cells. Comparing the signalisation involved in the skeletal muscle regeneration between two muscles with different levels of activation within the same subjects is an interesting strategy to evaluate the impact of local versus systemic factors in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. Impaired satellite cell activation, proliferation and differentiation affecting skeletal muscle regeneration could contribute to the progression of muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD. Resistance training, as provided in pulmonary rehabilitation, is an essential tool to promote muscle hypertrophy and increase muscle strength. However, hypertrophic response to resistance training is heterogeneous in patients with COPD. Failure in satellite cell function can lead to delayed, impaired or failed recovery after muscle injury, and such failures become increasingly prominent in cases of progressive muscle disease. Although the inflammatory response has been linked to the initiation and development of muscle atrophy, discrepancies exist in the literature concerning the presence and the nature of systemic and/or local inflammatory response in patients with COPD. This inflammation could be linked to the skeletal muscle protein imbalance and ultimately atrophy. The quest to identify a key inflammatory factor that could orchestrate the signaling cascade involved in contractile protein synthesis/degradation or even tissue renewal in peripheral muscles of patients with COPD is of major importance for future direction in this research field. This thesis demonstrates for the first time the role played by satellite cells in muscle atrophy associated with COPD. Better knowledge of the regenerative capacity in the context of COPD will enhance the understanding of the atrophying process and deepen the reasoning on training interventions in this population.
Roy, Emma. "La maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique et la chirurgie pour cancer pulmonaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67777.
Full textPatients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are generally considered to have diminished long-term survival and higher rate of post-operative complications, when compared with non-COPD, following a resection surgery for lung cancer. What remained to be clarified was to know if the presence of mild to moderate COPD has an impact on survival and on post-operative evolution. This project aimed at characterizing and comparing the post-operative course of COPD and non-COPD patients in terms of complications and long-term survival following a surgery for lung cancer and to evaluate the effect of the severity of COPD on these outcomes. In this study, we observed that the proportion of patients with COPD was high in patients operated for lung cancer and that they indeed developed more complications in the post-operative period. However, we found no statistically significant influence of COPD or of its severity on long-term survival following the surgery. The results of this study are mainly applicable to mild and moderate COPD patients
Kaboré, Jean. "Hypertension artérielle résistante et maladie rénale chronique : déterminants et risques associés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS265/document.
Full textResistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease: Determinants and outcomesResistant hypertension defined as blood pressure above goal despite simultaneous use of 3 antihypertensive classes at optimal doses including a diuretic, is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Resistant hypertension prevalence and determinants, and the impact of CKD on its long term outcomes are poorly known, particularly in the elderly population.In the 3 Cities cohort, including 4262 community-dwelling elderly individuals, aged 65 years or older treated for hypertension, the prevalence of apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH) – because of lack of information on optimal treatment dose – was 11.8% vs 5.2% in those with vs without CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). We showed that new-onset aTRH was more strongly related to the speed of kidney function decline than kidney function level itself, independent of other risk factors: male sex, obesity, diabetes, and history of cardiovascular disease. Compared to the reference group (with controlled hypertension and no CKD), participants with aTRH and CKD had no significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, but had a risk of fatal or non-fatal stroke and of recurrent stroke or coronary events more than twice as high, and of coronary death more than three times higher. However, the hypothesis that CKD may worsen the prognosis of aTRH was not confirmed (no significant interaction).In the CKDREIN cohort, which included more than 3000 nephrology outpatients with moderate or severe CKD (mean age, 70 years, 60% of men), our preliminary results showed a high prevalence of aTRH, 36,7% and several potentially modifiable risk factors : poor treatment adherence, lack of diuretic use, excess salt intake and obesity.Overall, this work shows the importance of CKD in the development of aTRH and associated cardiovascular outcomes, and suggests means for prevention beyond drug therapy
Moreno, Anne. "Les adénomes hépatiques dans la glycogénose de Von Gierke." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11196.
Full textBERNARD, GUY. "Angiomatose hepatique au cours de la maladie de rendu-osler : a propos de 9 cas." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M083.
Full textLacasse, Miriam. "Dysfonction cardiaque autonome dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique : récupération de la fréquence cardiaque après un exercice: facteur prédictif de mortalité dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22579/22579.pdf.
Full textBackground. A delayed heart rate recovery (HRR = peak exercise heart rate (HR) – HR at 1-minute recovery) reflects cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Purpose. To compare HRR between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and controls; to compare survival in patients with COPD according to HRR; to evaluate survival influence of HRR modification following pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods and results. HRR was compared between 147 COPD patients and 25 controls (11±9 vs 19±9 beats, p<0.0001). In patients with COPD, abnormal HRR (≤14 beats) was associated with a 5.12 mortality hazard ratio (CI 95% [1.54-17.00]). After pulmonary rehabilitation (n=77), persistent abnormal HRR represented a higher mortality risk (8.12; CI 95% [2.12-31.02]). Conclusions. HRR is decreased in COPD and, when abnormal, is linked with decreased survival. Persistent abnormal HRR after rehabilitation is associated with a poor prognosis.
ESSADIK, M'HAMMED. "Indications de la transplantation hepatique au cours de la maladie de wilson chez l'enfant." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M117.
Full textD'HEYGERE, CHOQUENET VERONIQUE. "Les atteintes hepatiques et neurologiques de la maladie de whipple : a propos d'une observation et revue de la litterature." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM010.
Full textMathurin, Philippe. "L'inflammation dans la maladie alcoolique du foie : etudes chez l'animal, essais chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077151.
Full textBenoist, Stéphane. "Mise au point d'un foie artificiel chez le gros animal." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T050.
Full textPERAUD, JOEL. "Prescription d'un entrainement sportif adapte a l'enfant malade chronique : essai d'evaluation psychologique et physiologique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M419.
Full textSanchez, Ovando Margarita. "Ressorces éducatives dans l'éducation thérapeutique du jeune patient atteint de maladie chronique." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149589.
Full textCette éducation thérapeutique offre au jeune patient la possibilité d'apprendre à vivre avec sa maladie. Pour éduquer ces patients, les équipes de soignants utilisent différents types de ressources éducatives (jeux, jouets, activités éducatives et documents).
Nous avons réalisé une enquête nationale auprès de 108 équipes soignantes éduquant de jeunes patients (de 4 à 12 ans atteints d'asthme, de diabète et d'hémophilie) dans des hôpitaux, associations de patients et centres de cure, pour identifier les ressources éducatives utilisées et les intentions pédagogiques.
Il ressort de cette recherche que les éducateurs - soignants privilégient les activités qui font appel à la participation des enfants ainsi qu'aux documents. Les jeux et jouets sont également mobilisés pour faire apprendre aux enfants sur leur maladie et acquérir des habiletés et des techniques. Par contre, d'autres objectifs tous aussi importants aux yeux des éducateurs - soignants tels que l'acceptation de la maladie et la socialisation de l'enfant sont traités avec moins de ressources éducatives.
D'une façon générale, l'ensemble de ces ressources éducatives contribue à favoriser une meilleure communication entre soignant et soigné.
Ce travail aboutit à une proposition de typologie de ressources éducatives utilisables par les équipes soignantes pratiquant l'éducation thérapeutique des jeunes patients.
Vaillant, Marie-France. "Soigner la maladie chronique : quand le travail d'équipement révèle autonomie et attachements." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH027/document.
Full textCommon speech calls for patient autonomy. Yet chronic illness care also reveals attachments. This is what we propose to highlight, through our thesis that takes for example diabetes and plans through the development of the concept of ‘the equipping work', questioning the autonomy, which is far to go self. From interviews, field observations, objects screening, and search of traces, we interrogate such practices as therapeutic education, the introduction of drugs and equipment (glucometer, insulin pump). These elements are all mediations, for the patient, family members, health professionals, patient organisations, which influence the course of living with the disease. Equipping can make the link between the sociology of health and illness, symbolic interactionism, phenomenology and the actor network theory. It provides a grid of chronic illness and care, with all the equipements that contribute to the management of disease. It allows defining autonomy despite the strength of disease ties and leads to rebuild the identity of the man-with-the-sickness
Carricaburu, Danièle. "Trajectoire collective et gestion individuelle d'une maladie chronique : le cas de l'hemophilie." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0041.
Full textThis search aims to cast light how historically medicine creates collectives conditions to individual management of chronic illness and how haemophilic men react towards this medical model. This search is grounded on two approachs. The first in historical, grounded on a documentary analysis, to understand : 1/ how haemophilia occurs as a medical category, 2/ how progressively medical system is structured, 3/ succession of different medical models during five decades. The second is a pragmatic approach, grounded on biographical interviews with 40 haemophilic men. Their age and their job are varied and they represent a broad sample of life with haemophilia. The "illness trajectory" is a central concept : we propound an extension of this notion to the "collective trajectory" to analyse collective and diachronic dimension of illness
Vallet, Marion. "Altérations de l'état acide base et maladie rénale chronique : mécanismes et conséquences." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066592.
Full textMetabolic acidosis occurs frequently during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, whether metabolic acidosis is an independent factor of CKD progression remains uncertain. Our first goal was to describe the changes in acid-base status and to describe the factors associated to these changes in patients with CKD. We analyzed the data of the NéphroTest study cohort that enrolled patients with all-stages and all-causes CKD. Metabolic acidosis is associated with a defect in urinary ammonia excretion leading to a renal tubular acidosis. This defect occurs at an early stage of CKD, before the onset of overt metabolic acidosis. Fasting urinary ammonia excretion is highly dependent on glomerular filtration rate but also on plasma potassium concentration, urinary pH and treatment. Twenty-four hours ammonia excretion is also influenced by diet. Secondly, we tested whether changes in acid-base status were associated with renal outcomes. A lower urinary ammonia excretion was associated with a faster rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate while plasma bicarbonate concentration or overt acidosis were not. The association was stronger with fasting than with 24-hours ammonia excretion. These results suggest that the inability to excrete the daily acid load is deleterious regarding renal outcomes and that alkali-based therapy should be used earlier than currently advised
Sanchez, Ovando Margarita. "Ressources éducatives dans l'éducation thérapeutique du jeune patient atteint de maladie chronique." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H012.
Full textToday in France, a large number of children and youngsters are still suffering from chronic diseases. However, these diseases can be kept in check by health care specialists provided a good relationship is established between the young patients and these specialists through therapeutic education. For the past few years, nursing teams have using regularly a number of resources such as games, toys, activities and documents. We've carried out a national survey, among 108 nursing teams looking after young patients aged between 4 and 12 suffering from asthma, diabetes, hemophilia. Questionnaires have been sent out to hospitals, patients associations and cure centers. In each case, we have tried to identify their educational resources. The results of in-depth interviews with 2 leading specialists in the field of health care and educational sciences have been added to our research. We propose a topology of educational resources for the therapeutic education of young patients