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Journal articles on the topic 'Malabar Coast'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

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1

Sourajit Mal. "Evaluation of socio economic status in Malabar Coast in India: An in-depth analysis of socio-economic factors shaping society." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.2.1714.

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The Malabar Coast in India comprises of two distinct regions, the North Malabar Coast and the South Malabar Coast. The North Malabar Coast is located in the state of Kerala and stretches from Kasargod in the north to Kannur in the south. The South Malabar Coast is located in the state of Kerala and Tamil Nadu and stretches from Kannur in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. The North Malabar Coast is known for its scenic beauty, greenery, and pristine beaches. It is also home to several wildlife sanctuaries and historic sites, such as the Bekal Fort and the Ananthapura Lake Temple. All over the study I mainly worked on the socio economic status of Malabar Coast and used some method after that I mainly found the Malabar Coast has the highest literacy per capita income, and highest sex ratio. For more accurately I considered urban population of different district to measure the status of urban population one district to another. After the analysis we find out the total entire area has more or less equal distribution of urban population that indicate less regional disparity and high development.

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2

Cardoso, Hugo C. "Convergence in the Malabar." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 36, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 298–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00077.car.

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Abstract The Indo-Portuguese creole languages that formed along the former Malabar Coast of southwestern India, currently seriously endangered, are arguably the oldest of all Asian-Portuguese creoles. Recent documentation efforts in Cannanore and the Cochin area have revealed a language that is strikingly similar to its substrate/adstrate Malayalam in several fundamental domains of grammar, often contradicting previous records from the late 19th-century and the input of its main lexifier, Portuguese. In this article, this is shown by comparing Malabar Indo-Portuguese with both Malayalam and Portuguese with respect to features in the domains of word order (head-final syntax and harmonic syntactic patterns) and case-marking (the distribution of the oblique case). Based on older records and certain synchronic linguistic features of the Malabar Creoles, this article proposes that the observed isomorphism between modern Malabar Indo-Portuguese and Malayalam has to be explained as the product of either a gradual process of convergence, or the resolution of historical competition between Dravidian-like and Portuguese-like features.

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3

Subramanian, Swathy V. "The Architectural Tradition of Ponnani, Kerala: A Historic Malabar Port Town." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.526.

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Ponnani, a historic port town located at the mouth of the Bharathappuzha River on the Arabian Sea, was a prominent trading center on the Malabar coast of Kerala, India, in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is one of Malabar’s few surviving historic towns, with its heritage sites intact along with its building types, historic streets and alleys, local culture, and traditions. But some of its historic buildings are on the verge of dereliction and need immediate attention. This study attempts to convey an understanding of Ponnani, with an analysis based on field visits and existing literature. The relationship between the region’s architecture and landscape and current threats to its heritage is explored. Its vanishing traditional knowledge systems and vernacular architectural types are also discussed, in what may serve as a reference for adaptive use by future generations.

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4

SABU, THOMAS K., S. NITHYA, and K. V. VINOD. "Faunal survey, endemism and possible species loss of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India." Zootaxa 2830, no. 1 (April 22, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2830.1.3.

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Species composition, distribution patterns and endemism are outlined for the dung beetles in the ecoregions of the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India. Among the 142 dung beetle species known, 35 are endemic to the Western Ghats; 29 are endemic to the moist South Western Ghats; 25 are regionally endemic to the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion; and one each to the Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion and the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Five species, including the 3 flightless species, are local endemics to the upper montane tropical montane cloud forests. The montane rain forests ecoregion has the highest number of endemics in the moist south Western Ghats and the moist deciduous forests ecoregion and Malabar Coast moist deciduous forest ecoregion have the lowest levels of endemism. Of the 137 dung beetle species known prior to the deforestation and habitat modification of the region, only 87 have been collected recently.

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5

Gabriel, Theodore. "Caste conflict In Kalpeni Island." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116489.

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Kalpeni is one of the islands of the enchantingly beautiful small archipelago known as Lakshadweep, a group of diminutive coral islands lying off the southwest coast of India, scattered on the Arabian sea 200 to 400 kilometres off the Kerala Coast. The islands, though small, are densely populated-inhabited by an interesting tribal people, who are engaged mainly in cultivation of the coconut tree, and as a side-line, in fishing. The archipelago is part of the Republic of India, and is ruled directly by the Central Government since 1958. The events narrated in this article, however, took place when the islands were attached for administrative purposes to the districts of Malabar and South Kanara of the Madras Presidency (as most of British South India was called in the colonial days). Kalpeni Island was situated in that part of this territory of which the District Collector of Malabar was the supreme authority.

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6

Shafeeque, K. P. Abdul. "Contesting authentic Islam: Ahlul Quran movements and performance of debates in the religious sphere of Kerala." Performing Islam 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pi_00005_1.

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Abstract Ahlul Quran movements introduced the debates on the question of the authority of tradition as the second source of Islamic knowledge and critiqued the existing notions of Islam among the Malabar Muslims in Kerala. These intra-Islamic factions attempted to reinterpret Islam according to their interpretations solely based on the Quran and developed their take on what constitutes 'authentic Islam'. This article uses Ahlul Quran as a generic term for the two main Ahlul Quran movements that developed in the Malabar Coast during the early and late half of the twentieth century. These two movements were the Ahlul Quran movement of Pazhayangadi by B. Kunjahamed Haji and Khuran Sunnath Society of Abul Hasan (popularly known as Chekanur Moulavi). They initiated numerous oral debates and discussions with various Islamic groups existing in the Malabar region such as Sunnis, Mujahids, Ahmediyyas and Jamaat-e-Islami, challenging and contesting different notions of 'authentic Islam'. Along with oral debates, it also gave birth to textual contestations, with voluminous books, articles and pamphlets challenging each other. This article traces the intra-religious debates that developed among the Malabar Muslims after the emergence of Ahlul Quran thoughts. It analyses how the existing Islamic groups upholding different versions of 'authentic Islam' in the Malabar region, located in the northern part of Kerala, South India, challenged the growth of these Ahlul Quran movements. In short, during the numerous debates and contestations that happened between the Islamic groups within the Malabar region the article explores how these debates are a constant performance of Islam and its tradition.

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7

Kooria, Mahmood. "Politics, Economy and Islam in ‘Dutch Ponnāni’, Malabar Coast." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341473.

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AbstractPonnāni was a port in southwestern India that resisted the Portuguese incursions in the sixteenth century through the active involvement of religious, mercantile and military elites. In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ponnāni was the only place where the Dutch East India Company had commercial access into the kingdom of the Zamorins of Calicut. When the Dutch gained prominence in the coastal belt, this port town became the main centre for their commercial, diplomatic, and political transactions. But as a religious centre it began to recede into oblivion in the larger Indian Ocean and Islamic scholarly networks. The present article examines this dual process and suggests important reasons for the transformations. It argues that the port town became crucial for diplomatic and economic interests of the Dutch East India Company and the Zamorins, whereas its Muslim population became more parochial as they engaged with themselves than with the larger socio-political and scholarly networks.

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8

Mann, M. "Timber Trade on the Malabar Coast, c. 1780-1840." Environment and History 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734001129342531.

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9

Sobhana, K. A., T. K. Viswanath, and V. D. Hegde. "Distributional records of Onthophagus germanus Gillet, 1927 and Onthophagus orissanus Arrow, 1931(Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from south India." ENTOMON 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v48i3.951.

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Distribution records of two dung beetle species, Onthophagus orissanus Arrow, 1931 and O. germanus Gillet, 1927, from south India is provided. O. orissanus is reported for first time from south India and O. germanus is reported for the first time outside the moist south Western Ghats from the Malabar Coast region in Kerala.

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10

Odegard, Erik. "Construction at Cochin: Building ships at the VOC-yard in Cochin." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 3 (August 2019): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871419860696.

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The port of Cochin on the Malabar Coast of India had always been a centre of shipbuilding. After the Dutch conquest in the port in 1663, the Dutch East India Company (VOC), too, established a shipyard there. At this yard, the VOC experimented with building ocean-going ships until the management of the company decreed that these were to be built solely in the Dutch Republic itself. During the first half of the eighteenth century, the yard focused on the repair of passing Indiamen and the construction of smaller vessels for use in and between the VOC commands in Malabar, Coromandel, Bengal and Sri Lanka. For most of the vessels built during the 1720s and 1730s, detailed accounts exist, allowing for a reconstruction of the costs of the various shipbuilding materials in Malabar, as well as the relative cost of labour. From the 1750s onwards, operations at the yard again become more difficult to discern. Likely, the relative decline of the VOC’s presence in Malabar caused a reduction in operations at the yard, but the shipyard was still in existence when Cochin was captured by British forces in 1795. However, this did not mean the end of Cochin as a shipbuilding centre, as a number or Royal Navy frigates were built at Cochin during the early nineteenth century.

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11

Malayil, Abhilash. "King, Kinglessness and an Oral Poem." Cracow Indological Studies 25, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 71–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.25.2023.02.03.

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The essay discusses an oral poem from north Malabar detailing an 18th-century event of political conflict, manifested between a native king and a local landlord. The story of conflict centres around the idea of bhēdam or difference that the king wanted to project as the secret of his earthly right to rule. The king’s opponent, the local landlord, rejects this idea and claims that they are equals, and there exists no hierarchy of relation between them. The essay explores certain features of the late 18th century political transition along the Coast of Malabar which culminated in the Mysore and British rule, and argues that the landlord’s denial of king’s authority was firmly rooted in this context, and had futurist intentions. In this way, the essay also tries to present a critique of the neo-Hocartian idea of “little-kingdom” and the Proppian proposal for “pattern morphology”. It indicates that the early modern Malabar presents an interesting case of ‘hollowing’ the crown from inside, and its oral poems—as a genre of history—document this process in modes that are deemed appropriate to their times.

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12

Jeychandran, Neelima. "African Spectral Pasts and Their Presences on the Malabar Coast." Matatu 52, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201006.

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Abstract In the coastal regions of Kochi in Kerala, memories of forced African migration to India are preserved through shrines dedicated to African or Kappiri spirits, belief in their mischievous acts, and their intercessory powers. Shrines for African spirits are eclectic and modest, and they operate as indexical reminders of the troubled African pasts during the colonial occupation of Kerala. For most local people, Kappiri is a spectral deity, figureless and seemingly abstract, and a pervasive spirit who inhabits the coastal landscape. By studying vernacular histories, tales of spirit sightings, and worship practices surrounding the spectral figure of Kappiri, I have analysed how African spirits manifest their phantom presences and channel their spectral powers to those who seek to believe in their histories, which otherwise are obliterated from institutional discourses. Focussing on different material and intangible manifestations of African spirits, I discuss how different recollective practices—ritualistic, creative, and secular—offer alternative discursive exegesis on Afro-Indian connections.

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13

Panakkool-Thamban, Aneesh, Helna Ameri Kottarathil, and Sudha Kappalli. "Branchial cymothoids infesting the marine food fishes of Malabar coast." Journal of Parasitic Diseases 40, no. 4 (February 28, 2015): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-015-0666-0.

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14

Casson, Lionel. "Periplus Maris Erythraei 60." Classical Quarterly 37, no. 1 (May 1987): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800031840.

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The Periplus Maris Erythraeiis a handbook written by an anonymous author in the second half of the first century A.D., for the use of merchants from Roman Egypt who traded with east Africa, Arabia, and India.1 In it the author devotes a good deal of space to the trade with India's west coast. He notes that there were two main commercial centres: one was Barygaza on the northwestern coast (44.15.4–7), and the other the twin ports of Muziris and Nelkynda on the southwestern (53.17.27–8), the area he calls Limyrike, more or less the equivalent of the Malabar coast. He spells out in detail what Barygaza imported and exported(49.16.20–31)and then does the same for Limyrike(56.18.16–28).

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15

YASSER ARAFATH, P. K. "Polyglossic Malabar: Arabi-Malayalam and the Muhiyuddinmala in the age of transition (1600s–1750s)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186320000085.

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AbstractThis article examines the relations between trade, faith, and textual traditions in early modern Indian Ocean region and the birth of Arabi-Malayalam, a new system of writing which has facilitated the growth of a vernacular Islamic textual tradition in Malabar since the seventeenth century. As a transliterated scriptorial-literary tradition, Arabi-Malayalam emerged out of the polyglossic lingual sphere of the Malabar Coast, and remains as one of the important legacies of social and religious interactions in precolonial south Asia. The first part of this article examines the social, epistemic and normative reasons that led to the scriptorial birth of Arabi-Malayalam, moving beyond a handful of Malayalam writings that locate its origin in the social and economic necessities of Arab traders in the early centuries of Islam. The second part looks at the complex relationship between Muslim scribes and their vernacular audience in the aftermath of Portuguese violence and destruction of Calicut—one of the largest Indian Ocean ports before the sixteenth century. This part focuses on Qadi Muhammed bin Abdul Aziz and his Muhiyuddinmala, the first identifiable text in Arabi-Malayalam, examining how the Muhiyuddinmala represents a transition from classical Arabic theological episteme to the vernacular-popular poetic discourse which changed the pietistic behaviour of the Mappila Muslims of Malabar.

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16

Sebastian, Aleena. "Beyond Monolithic Conceptualization of Muslim Societies: Matriliny and Muslim Women’s Engagement with the Transformation of Kinship in the Malabar Coast of South India." GIC Proceeding 1 (July 31, 2023): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.212.

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The legal and religious reforms during the colonial period have modified the property and residential rights of the matrilineal Muslim women of Malabar (North Kerala, India). However, how these women engaged with the transformation, through strategies, negotiations and contestations, seldom received visibility in the mainstream reform scholarship of colonial Kerala. As I have argued elsewhere, while the reforms attempt to foster new forms of gender relations, based on patrilineality and conjugality, the matrilineal women created an alternative space of their own. The entry of Muslim women into colonial education and the formation of Mahila Samajams or women’s organisations in the early decades of the 20th century is indicative of this. In the backdrop of the narratives of senior matrilineal Muslim women from the Malabar Coast, the paper attempts to understand, how women articulated and engaged with the transformation of the matrilineal tharavad (joint household) in the colonial period.

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ANEESH, PANAKKOOL THAMBAN, AMERI KOTTARATHIL HELNA, APPUKUTTAN BIJU KUMAR, and BALU ALAGAR VENMATHI MARAN. "Redescription of Lernaeenicus stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1953 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae) infesting the Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch) from Indian waters." Zootaxa 4482, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.2.9.

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The parasitic copepod Lernaeenicus stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1953 infecting black pomfret, Parastromateus niger (Bloch) (Carangidae) is redescribed based on a neotype and additional fresh material obtained from hosts collected at different fish landing centers on the Chennai Coast (Tamil Nadu), Malabar Coast (Kerala), and from West Bengal, India. A female L. stromatei obtained from the Chennai Coast has been designated as a neotype and deposited in the National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI). Lernaeenicus stromatei can be identified based on the following features: A long and slender body; head anteriorly rounded, dorso-ventrally flattened and slightly longer than broad; presence of three posterior horns on the head, one median and two lateral, all sub-similar and apically rounded; and an anterior neck with an indistinct partition on the dorsal side, indicating thoracic segments, and a three-jointed antennule.

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18

AKHILESH, K. V., K. K. BINEESH, C. P. R. SHANIS, B. A. HUMAN, and U. GANGA. "Rediscovery and description of the quagga shark, Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from the southwest coast of India." Zootaxa 2781, no. 1 (March 2, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2781.1.3.

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The Quagga shark Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) is one of the poorest known scyliorhinid (Carcharhiniformes) sharks of the world, described from a single specimen collected from the Arabian Sea coast of India (off Malabar). Since its description, the only other published reports of this species are of specimens from Somalia. This paper reports on H. quagga from Indian waters, more than 100 years after its description, and only the third report of specimens of this species globally. A re-description of H. quagga is also provided based on the recent Indian specimens.

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19

Singh, Rita, and P. Radha. "A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India." Brittonia 58, no. 2 (April 2006): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2006)58[119:ansocf]2.0.co;2.

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20

DAY, SURGEON F. "1. ON THE FISHES OF COCHIN, ON THE MALABAR COAST OF INDIA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 2–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02299.x.

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21

DAY, SURGEON F. "7. ON THE FISHES OF COCHIN, ON THE MALABAR COAST OF INDIA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 33, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 286–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1865.tb02337.x.

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22

Sheeja, P. S., D. K. Singh, A. Sarangi, Vinay Sehgal, and M. A. Iquebal. "Assessment and Characterization of Groundwater Quality of Malabar Coast in Kerala, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (July 18, 2023): 1399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92370.

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A study was conducted to assess and characterize the groundwater quality of coastal aquifer of the Vatakara-Koyilandy stretch in the Kozhikode district of Kerala. Mann-Kendall Test was used for analysing the trend in groundwater levels. The Piper diagram was applied to determine the chemical facies of the groundwater and identify the evolution of hydrochemical parameters of groundwater sources. The source of the dissolved ions in the groundwater was described by the Gibbs diagram. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was determined using the United States Salinity Laboratory diagram. Geostatistical tools were used to describe the spatial variability of groundwater levels and salinity and the ordinary kriging method was used to plot the spatial variability maps. It was found that Na+ was the predominant cation with maximum concentration varying from 455.6 mg/l to 1844 mg/l during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon; respectively. Concentration of Cl- in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon varied from 184 mg/l to 2417 mg/l and 99 mg/l to 714 mg/l; respectively. Other anions in the groundwater were SO42- and HCO3- with an average concentration of 239.79 mg/l and 129.59 mg/l in pre-monsoon and 110.73 mg/l and 75 mg/l in post-monsoon; respectively. The trend in groundwater in confined and semi-confined aquifers showed negative trends whereas eight wells resulted in a significantly negative trend. However, a significant decreasing trend was observed in wells near the coasts. The most dominant cations were (Na+, and K+) and the dominant anions were SO42- and Cl-. The dominant cations and anions were from the mixing of seawater with the groundwater. The Na+ ions were also found to be from the same source. In most of the area, the groundwater was highly to very high highly saline with medium sodium and not suitable for irrigation. In the unconfined aquifer, 25.2% and, in the semi-confined aquifer 24.0% area was found to be unfit for irrigation.

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23

RAVINESH, RAVEENDHIRAN, APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR, and ALAN J. KOHN. "Conidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Lakshadweep, India." Zootaxa 4441, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.3.

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Lakshadweep, the northernmost region of the Chagos-Maldives-Lakshadweep group of islands located southwest of the Malabar coast of India in the Arabian Sea, is the only chain of coral atolls in India. This paper documents the diversity of the molluscan family Conidae from the seas around all ten inhabited islands of Lakshadweep. Of the 78 species of cone snails now reported from Lakshadweep, 49 were recorded in this study. Three of these had not previously been reported from India, and four are newly reported from Lakshadweep. The results increase the number of Conidae species known from Lakshadweep by 10%.

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24

Ambrosone, Ellen A. "Victoria Maharani: Queen Victoria and the Princely State of Travancore." Victorian Literature and Culture 52, no. 1 (2024): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000840.

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This article surveys works from Kerala related to Queen Victoria and situates M. R. Madhava Warrier's (1893–1952) biography, Victoria Maharani (1931), against the backdrop of early twentieth-century Travancore. It draws on threads related to the position of women on the Malabar coast, the actions of the maharani regent at the time, Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (r. 1924–31), and the political and social climate at the time of her reign. It also considers the relationship between the qualities of Queen Victoria praised in Victoria Maharani, reforms instituted by Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, and the reputation of both in Travancore.

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25

Cohen, Simona. "Hybridity in the Colonial Arts of South India, 16th–18th Centuries." Religions 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090684.

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This study examines the multiplicity of styles and heterogeneity of the arts created on the southern coasts of India during the period of colonial rule. Diverging from the trajectory of numerous studies that underline biased and distorted conceptions of India promoted in European and Indian literary sources, I examine ways in which Indian cultural traditions and religious beliefs found substantial expression in visual arts that were ostensibly geared to reinforce Christian worship and colonial ideology. This investigation is divided into two parts. Following a brief overview, my initial focus will be on Indo-Portuguese polychrome woodcarvings executed by local artisans for churches in the areas of Goa and Kerala on the Malabar coast. I will then relate to Portuguese religious strategies reflected in south Indian churches, involving the destruction of Hindu temples and images and their replacement with Catholic equivalents, inadvertently contributing to the survival of indigenous beliefs and recuperation of the Hindu monuments they replaced.

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Cyriac, Vivek Philip, and P. K. Umesh. "CURRENT STATUS OF Cnemaspis littoralis (JERDON, 1853) (SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE) WITH DESIGNATION OF A NEOTYPE." TAPROBANICA 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2013): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v5i1.88.

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The gecko Cnemaspis littoralis was described by Jerdon in 1853 from a single specimen found in a warehouse on the sea coast of Malabar. A search of the reptile collection of the ZSI failed to uncover any trace of the type specimen of this species; similar searches of the reptile collections of BMNH also proved abortive. Manamendra–Arachchi et al. (2007) also highlighted the need of designating a neotype as the type had been lost. Therefore we ascertain that Jerdon’s type of Cnemaspis littoralis is lost. Hence here we redescribe this species based on specimens collected from the coasts of Kozhikode district of Kerala and designate a neotype for the taxon. Cnemaspis littoralis is distinguished from all other species of Indian Cnemaspis by its overall slender form; few scattered, small, spine like tubercles on flanks; dorsal scales homogeneous; enlarged hexagonal subcaudals and large number of femoral pores (15–18) in males. We also provide observations on the natural history, reproduction and interactions of this species with invertebrates.

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27

Pokkanali., Jahfar Shareef. "Sailing across Duniyāv: Sufi Ship–Body Symbolism from the Malabar Coast, South India." South Asian Studies 36, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2018.1495872.

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28

XU, CAILIN, and MARK S. BOYCE. "Oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) off the Malabar Coast: density dependence and environmental effects." Fisheries Oceanography 18, no. 5 (September 2009): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00518.x.

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29

Palat, Ravi Arvind. "Sebastian R. Prange. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast." American Historical Review 125, no. 5 (December 2020): 1851–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa123.

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30

Longhurst, Alan R., and Warren S. Wooster. "Abundance of Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and Upwelling on the Southwest Coast of India." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 2407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-268.

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The abundance of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) on the Malabar coast is highly variable on the decadal scale. During this century there have been several periods of relatively high abundance, and several major population crashes. O-group recruitment to the fishery begins towards the end of the summer monsoon, and its success is statistically related to sea level at Cochin just prior to onset of the monsoon. At this time, sea level indicates remote forcing of upwelling, rather than the wind-driven upwelling that occurs during the monsoon. Unusually early remote-forcing appears to inhibit subsequent recruitment, perhaps through exclusion of spawning fish from the neritic zone by oxygen-deficient upwelled water.

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NATARAJAN, R., ALEX EAPEN, and P. JAMBULINGAM. "Heizmannia rajagopalani n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kerala, India, a species previously misidentified as Hz. metallica (Leicester)." Zootaxa 4722, no. 5 (January 16, 2020): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.5.

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The original description of Heizmannia (Heizmannia) metallica (Leicester) from Malaysia, and specimens collected in India that were provisionally identified as Hz. metallica, were re-examined for their taxonomic status. Heizmannia metallica from Malaysia was found by Mattingly (1970) to be a junior synonym of Hz. indica (Theobald), whereas we found the specimens identified as Hz. metallica from India to differ distinctly from the holotype of Hz. metallica. We collected adults near Malabar Coast, Western Ghats which corresponded with Indian Hz. metallica sensu auctorum and here describe the previously misidentified species as Hz. (Hez.) rajagopalani n. sp. The adult male and female of the new species, and their genitalia, are described and illustrated.

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Chiriyankandath, James. "Nationalism, religion and community: A. B. Salem, the politics of identity and the disappearance of Cochin Jewry." Journal of Global History 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022808002428.

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AbstractThis article considers how the existence of an ancient community, the Jews of Cochin on India’s Malabar coast, was transformed by the force of two powerful twentieth-century nationalisms – Indian nationalism and Zionism. It does so through telling the story of a remarkable individual, A. B. Salem, a lawyer, politician, Jewish religious reformer, and Indian nationalist, who was instrumental in promoting the Zionist cause and facilitating the mass migration of the Cochin Jews to Israel. Salem’s story illustrates how the prioritization and translation of kinds of identity into the public sphere is fluid and contingent upon a variety of circumstances, personal as well as the outcome of changes in the wider world.

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Ptak, Roderich. "China and Calicut in the early Ming period: envoys and tribute embassies." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 121, no. 1 (January 1989): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00167887.

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Calicut was the most important port in southwest India during the late fourteenth and the fifteenth century. Its rulers, the Zamorins, maintained a vast network of trading relations extending from the coast of East Africa to the Indonesian archipelago and the Far East. This is amply documented in the accounts of foreign travellers, practically all of whom passed through the Malabar ports on the lengthy voyage from west to east and back. Marco Polo, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, 'Abd al-Razzāq, to name but a few, figure most prominently in a long line of writers whose reports describe various aspects of old Colychachia, as Calicut was then called by Nicolo di Conti, an Italian traveller.

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34

Gurukkal, Rajan, and Dick Whittaker. "In search of Muziris." Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400019978.

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The importance of Muziris in Roman trade with India does not need any underlining. The port on the Malabar coast of modern Kerala figures prominently in the descriptions of classical geographers, it receives mention in the earliest Tamil poems, and it has come into the news more recently through the publication of a Greek papyrus from Egypt. It is also clear from the amount of Roman silver and gold coin found in S India — which gives some substance to Roman estimates of money haemorrhaging out to India — and from the value of the eastern cargoes recorded coming into Egypt and Rome that the trade was neither casual nor modest. All this is well known and has been carefully studied. The oddity, or pity, is that, despite the many ports listed in ancient authors along some 600 km of the Malabar coast, not a single one has been identified for certain, and not one has produced any serious archaeological evidence of Roman contact. As for Muziris, the most important of them all, we have only a vague idea of where it was located.Almost every earlier study has placed Muziris at Kodungallur (Cranganore/Cranganur in its Europeanised form) at the mouth of the Periyar river and north of Kerala's main modern port of Kochi (Cochin) (fig. 1). That is reasonable enough. The Periyar is the greatest river in Kerala and runs down from the towering western ghats to the sea. But where exactly on the Periyar? Kodungallur is the name given to a large zone, incorporating a number of small towns of which Kodungallur itself is one, strung out along the road that runs north for several kilometres from the Periyar parallel to the coast and the inland waters of the river Pullut. But how certain is this, anyway? These were the questions we had in mind when a group of us decided to take a closer look at the evidence, both in the literature and on the ground. Ultimately, only an excavation can answer the questions for certain, but perhaps we could narrow down the options.

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Chakravarti, Ranabir. "Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast, by Sebastian R. Prange." English Historical Review 135, no. 574 (June 2020): 657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa080.

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36

Chennattuserry, Joseph Chacko. "Chinese maritime relations with Malabar Coast, 1200–1500 AD: A quest for naval dominance." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 15, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2019.1703728.

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37

Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The town of Cochin and its Muslim heritage on the Malabar coast, South India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8, no. 3 (November 1998): 351–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300010488.

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In South India Cochin is well known for its Jewish settlement, but the rich Muslim heritage of the town has so far remained almost unknown. A reason for this anonymity lies perhaps in that the Muslim community of Cochin – unlike that of Calicut – while highly influential in the commerce of the region, kept a low profile with regard to political affairs, at least from the time of the appearance of the Portuguese. Cochin, situated at 9° 58′ N and 760° 14′ E, occupies the northern part of a long stretch of land, about half a kilometre south of the Island of Vypin (Baypin or Vypeen) and 1.5 km west of the shores of the mainland, now occupied by the modern town of Ernakulam. Between Cochin and Ernakulam is a long expanse of sheltered but navigable water, at the mouth of which is Willingdon Island, housing the modern sea port and the airport.

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Feener, R. Michael. "Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast By Sebastian R. Prange." Journal of Islamic Studies 31, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etz050.

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39

Nunn, Patrick, and Roselyn Kumar. "‘A once capacious haven’: What happened to Calicut (Malabar coast of India), 1335–1887." International Review of Environmental History 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ireh.08.02.2022.03.

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40

Sabu, K. S. Praveen, Nawaz Shareef, and M. Feroz Khan. "Monitoring 210Po and 210Pb in Some Pelagic Fishes Collected from Malabar Coast of India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, Special (2023): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29isp2.001.

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41

Abraham, Santhosh. "The Keyi Mappila Muslim Merchants of Tellicherry and the Making of Coastal Cosmopolitanism on the Malabar Coast." Asian Review of World Histories 5, no. 2 (October 4, 2017): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340009.

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Abstract The Keyi Mappila Muslim merchants of Tellicherry (Thalassery) on the Malabar Coast were one of the few early modern Indian merchant groups who succeeded in carving out a powerful political and social configuration of their own on the western coast of the Indian Ocean during the British period. Today, several branches of Keyi families remain a cultural unit in the Islamic community of Kerala. This article attempts to locate the group in the larger theoretical context of Indian Ocean cosmopolitanism and argues that the Keyis developed a distinct and significant type of coastal cosmopolitanism in an Indian Ocean setting; Chovakkaran Moosa, an influential merchant from a Keyi family during the colonial period, serves as a representative figure. Through their trade and financial relationships with British and local elites, and the characteristic architecture of their warehouses, residences, and mosques, the Keyis successfully integrated the practices of a global cosmopolitan space into a local vernacular secluded commercial space. This article presents a synthesis of a lively coastal urban and local rural cosmopolitanism that included several networks and exchanges, foreign and native collaborations, and an amalgamation of local and external cultural spheres.

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Finlay, Robert. "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camões'sLusiadsand Luo Maodeng'sVoyage of the San Bao Eunuch." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 2 (April 1992): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017667.

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Shortly before Vasco da Gama returned to Lisbon in September 1499 from his great voyage to India, a Florentine merchant in the Portuguese capital reported troubling rumors that ‘certain vessels of white Christians’ had visited the port of Calicut on the Malabar coast only a couple of generations previously. If true, this would mean that some other European power had beaten Portugal in its long search for a maritime route to the Indies. After speculating that the mysterious mariners were Germans (although ‘it seems to me that we should have some notice about them’) or Russians (‘if they have a port there’), the merchant concluded that ‘on the arrival of the captain [da Gama] we may learn who these people are.’

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Balachandran, Jyoti Gulati. "Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith in the Medieval Malabar Coast, written by Sebastian R. Prange." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342019-29.

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44

Matthew, Sam P., A. Mohandas, S. M. Shareef, and G. M. Nair. "Biocultural Diversity of the Endemic ‘Wild Jack Tree’ on the Malabar Coast of South India." Ethnobotany Research and Applications 4 (December 31, 2006): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/era.4.0.25-40.

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45

Sadasivan, Kalesh, Dipendra Nath Basu, and Krushnamegh Kunte. "A new subspecies of Caltoris Swinhoe, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from the Malabar Coast, Kerala, India." ENTOMON 48, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v48i1.838.

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The Indo-Australian genus Caltoris has over 15 species distributed from India through south China and SE Asia into New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Based on wing colouration, characters of male genitalia, and early larval stages on the host plant Phragmites karka, a new subspecies of Caltoris bromus (Leech, 1894), Caltoris bromus sadasiva ssp. nov., is described from the coastal lakes and mangrove associated swamps of Kerala, southern India on the western slopes of the Western Ghats. This is the first record of C. bromus from Western Ghats and Peninsular India. This extends the distribution range of the species from NE India to south-western India, adding it to the butterfly fauna of the Western Ghats.

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46

Mortel, Richard T. "The Mercantile Community of Mecca during the Late Mamlūk Period." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 4, no. 1 (April 1994): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300004892.

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The town of Mecca, in the Hijaz of western Arabia, in addition to its importance as the goal of the ḥajj, or annual Muslim pilgrimage, was a commercial emporium of great importance during the Mamlūk era (A.H. 648/1250–A.H. 923/1517). Approximately eighty kilometres to the west of the Holy City lies the port ofjedda, which had been under the direct control of the Ḥasanid sharīfs of Mecca since at least the fifth/eleventh century. During Mamlūk times, Jedda was a way station of gradually increasing importance on the maritime trade route connecting the ports of the western coast of India with the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. The merchandise around which this trade revolved consisted almost exclusively of luxury goods and small-sized but high-priced commodities, destined for the markets of Egypt, the Levant and western Europe, and included – among other goods – both cotton and silken cloth, all manners of spices, but primarily pepper from the Malabar coast of southwestern India, camphor, musk, amber, sandalwood, Indian Ocean pearls, precious and semi-precious stones, such as agates, and materia medica from the Indian subcontinent, as well as goods trans-shipped from East Asia.

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47

Raj, Pushpa. "Devasahayam: The First Martyr For Jesus Christ In Travancore." Proceedings Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/icepss.14031.

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Travancore was the first and foremost among the princely states of India to receive the message of Jesus Christ. According to tradition, St. Thomas the Apostle came to India in 52 A.D. He made many conversions along the west coast of India. It had to the beginning of Christian Community in India from the early Christian era. He attained martyrdom in 72 A.D. at Calamina in St. Thomas mount, Madras. He was the first to be sacrificed for the sake of Christ in India. During the close of the second century A.D. the Gospel reached the people of southern most part of India, Travancore. Emperor Constantine deputed Theophilus to India in 354 A.D. to preach the Gospel. During this time the persecution of Christians in Persia seemed to have brought many Christian refugees to Malabar coast and after their arrival it strengthened the Christian community there. During the 4th century A.D. Thomas of Cana, a merchant from West Asia came to Malabar and converted many people. During the 6th century A.D. Theodore, a monk, visited India and reported the existence of a church and a few Christian groups at Mylapore and the monastery of St. Thomas in India. Joannes De Maringoly, Papal Legate who visited Malabar in 1348 has given evidence of the existence of a Latin Church at Quilon. Hosten noted many settlements from Karachi to Cape Comorin and from Cape Comorin to Mylapore. The Portuguese were the first European power to establish their power in India. Under the Portuguese, Christians experienced several changes in their general life and religion. Vas-co-da-gama reached Calicut on May 17, 1498. His arrival marked a new epoch in the history of Christianity in India. Many Syrian Catholics were brought into the Roman Catholic fold and made India, the most Catholic country in the East. Between 1535 to 1537 a group of Paravas were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese. In 1544 a group of fishermen were converted to Christian religion. St. Francis Xavier came to India in the year 1542. He is known as the second Apostle of India. He laid the foundation of Latin Christianity in Travancore. He could make many conversions. He is said to have baptized 30,000 people in South India. Roman Congregation of the propagation of Faith formed a Nemom Mission in 1622. The conversion of the Nairs was given much priority. As a result, several Nairs followed Christian faith particularly around Nemom about 8 k.m. south of Trivandrum. Ettuvitu pillaimars, the feudal chiefs began to persecute the Christians of the Nemom Mission. Martyr Devasahayam, belonged to the Nair community and was executed during the reign of Marthandavarma (1729-1758). It is an important chapter in the History of Christianity in South India in general, and of Travancore in particular.

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Sen, Tansen. "Zheng He’s Military Interventions in South Asia, 1405–1433." China and Asia 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 158–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-00102003.

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Abstract By examining the activities of Zheng He and members of his expeditions at the Malabar Coast, Sri Lanka, and Bengal, this article argues that the Yongle emperor wanted to exert military power in South Asia in order to legitimize his usurpation at the Ming court. The essay analyzes Zheng He’s intervention in the dispute between Calicut and Cochin, the armed conflict in Sri Lanka in 1410-11, and the expedition’s involvement in a dispute between Bengal and its neighboring polity, Jaunpur. These episodes in South Asia make it difficult to accept the modern representations of the Zheng He expeditions as diplomatic missions intended to promote peace and harmony. Rather, they were, as the essay contends, part of the Yongle emperor’s aim to establish hegemony over “all the known world under the Heaven” or the tianxia.

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Rajan, Sanoj. "Principles of Laws of War in Ancient India and the Concept of Mitigating Armed Conflicts through Controlled Fights." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 5, no. 1-2 (January 10, 2014): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00501014.

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While modern international humanitarian law is most directly linked to 19th and 20th century Europe and The Hague and Geneva Conventions, cultures throughout history have developed rules of warfare for the protection of non-combatants and civilian populations. This paper provides an overview of the Dharma-based Hindu and Buddhist norms for conflict in Ancient India, and then proceeds to a detailed examination of the practices of Ankam and Mamamkam on the medieval Malabar Coast from the Sangam period through the rule of the Zamorins of Calicut. Ankams were ad hoc proxy duels between professional fighters conducted to resolve inter-state disputes, while Mamamkam was a periodic contest designed to allow relatively bloodless transfer of power. Both demonstrate an understanding of modern concepts of proportionality, distinction and victims’ protection. The paper concludes by enumerating the humanitarian values carried by Ankams and Mamamkam.

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Abdulla, P. K., Sanma Jishnudas, and N. K. Joseph. "SEASONAL AND MEDIUM TERM CHANGES IN THE SHORELINE POSITION AT SELECTED STATIONS ON MALABAR COAST, KERALA." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2011.10515027.

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